US845334A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 845,334. PATENTED FEB. 26,1907. A.J.GO0PER.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY22,1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED FEB. 26,, 1907. v

A. J. COOPER.

TURBINE.

uruonron FILED MAY22,1905.

4 SHEETS-8HEBT 2.

PATBNTED FEB. 26, 1907.

7 AXIKJI'Q v TURBINE. APPLIOATIOIF FILBILHAY 22, 1905- 4 BHEBTSBHEET 4.

UNITE .s'rarns PATENT .OFliICE.

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Feb. 26, 190?.

Application filed May 22, 1905. Serial No. 261.728.

To all whom it mrtiy concern; M

Be it known that I, ALFRED JOPLING COOPER, a subject of the King of England, residing at Liverpool, in the county of Lan-' caster, England, have invented new-and useful Improvements in Turbines, of whichthe following is-a specification.

,This inventionhas reference to turbines driven bytheimpact and force, due to the velocity and ressure therefrom, of steam or other motor uid; and it has for its primary then backward obliquely, it being dischar ed objects and effects to provide a turbine-engine which is of simple construction and inexpensive to make and at the same'time ethcient as regards consumption of steam or motor fluid; and it also has-for its object to provide a simple construction of reversible turbine. The invention will be described with the aid of the annexed drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitud nal sectional elevation. Fig. Z'is halt in cross-section at A A, Fig. 1, andv half in outside view; and Fig. 3- is a plan showing a rotary barrel laid fiat. Figs. 4 and 5 are, sectional plan and end elevation of a modified form of; stern or reverse blades for driving the engine in the reverse direction to the normal. 'F] g. 6 is a sectional view showing a modified mode of exhausting the stern system of blades.

The rotary barrel (1, which has the propelling-blades b upon its periphery, is relatively long, and the motor fluid is Iintroduced by nozzlesf on the casing e at about a tangent to the circle passing through the centers of the blades 7), and the steam strikes the blades it near the center longitudinally of the barrel and then is caused to travel, due to the form of the blades, *(which form channels 0,) in a curved direction outward and forward and at the edge of the barrel. Therefore after striking the curves of small radius of the blades near the center it is caused to flowin a backward. and outward directionby' the rest of the curvature of the blades, which is of larger radius and which-forms the greater portion of the length of the blade. Thus the steam is kept acting upon the blades for a relatively great length of time, during the greater part of which it is acting on the outer part of the lar er'radius; These blades constitute genera ly those 'used for driving the 'motor in the normal or frward direction.

I Then inside the blades 1;, there is an annular "set of blades 0,;which'areiof the sa1ne"fori:n-

' substantially as the blades 6, but set in the I supported in bearings outside the casing;

through the'coversi, and a ring Z is connected with their ends, which keeps the outer ends of the channels g, formed by'the blades 0 and their inner and outer annular Walls, closed at the steam-inlet end. The steam exhausts from the passages 9 through the openings r into the hollow space wlthin the barrel, which are in communication with the exhaust-chambers g; i

The ahead blades 1; are shallow at the point of entrance of the steam (see Fig. 1) and increase in radial depth toward the edges, so that a greater area of blade is acted upon by steam as it expands and flows outward, and similarly the ways 9 and blades 0 are shallow near the point of entrynamely, at their edges--and increase in radial depth toward the center at the point of exhaust. The forward. blades 6 also are curved forward in the radial direction'that is, they overhang at the outer edges of the channels a. This causesthe steam in striking them to be drected inward toward the barrel, so that the motor fluid tends to drive'into the blades and under the overhanging part and crowd under it, giving thereby, an increased effect.- ive impact-pressure,while at the same time little or no back pressure or negative effect upon the leading surface of the blade next in sequence is caused, and then in addition to this thesteam acting upon the blades 1), first at the sharp curv ature--namely,at about a tangent to the direction of flow of the 1 steam (and this applies to both forward and reverse)-and then at the less curvature sumption of steam is accomplished. -T'he steam in entering the cylinder can be by separate nozzles I arranged on each side of the septum d, w iich separates the channels 0 at the centerand this. steanr'by the -eurshaft 7' of the barrel (1 passes, this shaft being The reverse steam-supply nozzles 19 extend and for a continued contact a highly eiiicient and economical propulsive effect and coni0 vatureof the blades guided ontwardfright the motor fluid is utilized. and economically,

while at the same time a verysimple and cheap construction and type of turbine is furnished, and for large-po wered turbines especially it furnishes substantial advantageous qualities and characteristics. The construction may be applied and used in a single unit or in multiple units and arranged and adapted to suit the varyingconditions and requirements of the differing" applications of the invention or improvements. Where desired, .the 'exhaust passages 71 can be connected to a condenser for maintaining a vacuum inthe end chambers g, or they could be connected up with a secondturbine in case it is desired. to work with higher pressures and with aplurality of turbines in series.

In the turbine shown in the annexed drawings the steam is supplied at the center in connection with duplicate sets of blades; but ifdesired, instead of duplicate sets of blades being usedonly a single set maybe employed.

In the modification shown in Figs. 4? and 5 the reversing propellin -pasages are iu clined in a direct line, in which case t. 10 steam from the nozclcs p will be introduced to.

them in a direction parallel with the axis of the barrel, and the force of the impact on the inclined blades 0 and flow over them from one end to the other will produce the reverse propulsive effect. The inclination of these blades and passages and propulsive effect will be opposite those. of the outer set of blades, which will be of the same construction as that set forth with reference to and shown in Figs. 1. to 3.

In some cases a double set of these inclined blades 0, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, may beiused in annular arrangement, the steam or fluid escaping: from the discharge atone end of. the barrel being returned through the other set, in which case a cover at the end of the barrel opposite the supplyno'zzl es would be provided to receive the steam from one set and return it to the others.

With regard to Fig. 6 the exhaust-passage 1' of the inner set of blades and passages 0 g extend to the center, and one part of the barrel-that is, the rightehand half--is supported in a bearing 7c inside the right-hand chamber g by an extension of its end in tubular form at t, and the exhaust from the inner set of' passages p'asses down through the openings 1 to a central chamber u and thence through a hollow center and out into the rigl'it-hand chamber 9 and then through the central exhaust branch 7b of the cover. On the-other side of this chamber u thereis. a solid shaft 7'. t

What is claimed is I A turbine in which a barrel working in a comparatively sharp or short radius at the of length of the barrel, the blade-surfacesbe-- ing in curved form, and nearly tangential to the flow of steam, and of comparatively short radius at the point at which the steam impingcs upon them, and extending beyond this part in the direction of length of the barrel in curved form of greater radius than the said impact part, and round in a backward direction, the depth of bladeincreasing from the point of impact to the point of discharge. 2. A turbine in which a barrel working in a case has longitudinal blades I) on its periphery, extending in the direction of lengthof the barrel, and curved in the direction of their length, and anothers t of bladesurfaces, extending longitudinally through the-barrel, and disposed annularly within the outer b'lades each of the blades varying in width.

3. A turbine in which a barrel working in a case a has blades b 011 its periphery, extending in the direction of length of the barrel, the blade-surfaces being in curved form, and nearly tangential to the flow of steam, and of point at which the steam impinges upon themyand extending beyond this part in the direction of length of-the barrel in curved form of greater radius than the said impact part, and round in a backward direction, the

depth of blade increasing from the point of impact of fluid to the point of discharge; and reverse propellingsurlaces 0, arranged inside the ,blades b annularly, and consisting of curved surfaces and passages, the surfaces at the points at which the entrance of steam takes place being about tangential to the direction of the jet of steam at their entrance, and of a short radius, and the curve between this point and the discharge-point being of alarger radius and inclined obliquely to the axis of the shaft or barrel, and in the direction of length thereof.

4. A turbine in which a barrel working in a 'case'u has two sets of blades on its periphery,

gential to the ilow of st am at the point at whlch the steam impinges upon them, and of comparatively short radius, and extending from this point to the point of discharge in a curve of greater radius than the said impact part. and an inner set of i, lade-surfaces arranged inside the outer sets of blades annularly, and consisting of two sets of curved surfaces and-passages on either side of the center of the barrelof similar form to the outer sets, but of opposite dispositions and direction; one set being supplied with steam at the center of the barrel, which flows right and left toward its edges, and the other set being supplied with steam at the ends of the barrel, which flows toward each other and discharges at the center.

5. A turbine-barrel Working in a case a, having blades b, extending in curved form in the direction of length of the barrel, the blade-sun faces being in curved form, and nearly tangential at the point at which the steam impinges upon them to that of the direction of the steam, and of comparatively short radius, and inclined in a forward direction radially, so that the tip or outer part of the blade overhangs the part below it; and the depth of blade increasing-from the point of irnpact'to the point of discharge.

6. A turbine-engine, in Which a rotary bar rel revolves in a cyl nder, and has duplex sets of blades, extending between the center point 15 of the barrel and the edges of same, and chambers g, at the ends of the barrel in the case a, into which all the motor-fl uid passages v discharge or exhaust the'motor fluid.

In testimonytwhereof I have signed my 20 name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses. Y r ALFRED J. COOPER.

Witnesses: l

S. GOODALL, W. HARRISON: 5

Images