US8502419B2 - Medium voltage circuit breaker with capacitor bank supervisor - Google Patents

Medium voltage circuit breaker with capacitor bank supervisor Download PDF

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Publication number
US8502419B2
US8502419B2 US12/416,989 US41698909A US8502419B2 US 8502419 B2 US8502419 B2 US 8502419B2 US 41698909 A US41698909 A US 41698909A US 8502419 B2 US8502419 B2 US 8502419B2
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Prior art keywords
medium voltage
capacitor
capacitor bank
capacitance
voltage
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US20090251011A1 (en
Inventor
Gabriele Suardi
Massimo Bresciani
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Technology AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/38—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H33/285—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electro-dynamic repulsion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a medium voltage circuit breaker operated by a magnetic actuator and having a capacitor bank supervisor unit. More in particular, the present invention relates to a medium voltage circuit breaker having a capacitor bank supervisor unit to detect a failure of one or more capacitors of a capacitor bank used to store the energy for actuating the magnetic actuator.
  • Medium Voltage is referred to applications in the range of between 1 and 52 kV, while the term circuit breaker generally refers to switching apparatuses such as circuit breakers, contactors and similar.
  • capacitor bank consisting of one or more capacitors connected in parallel.
  • the capacitors work as energy accumulators and are able to supply high currents for a short period of time, typically less than 100 ms, i.e. the time-period needed for performing the relevant operation of the circuit breaker.
  • capacitors suffer a number of certain disadvantages, in particular the reduction or loss of capacitor characteristics mainly due to:
  • the reduction or loss of one or more characteristics of the capacitor can compromise the movement of the magnetic actuator, thereby leading to an incomplete or failed switching operation with potentially severe consequences on the system.
  • the control unit of capacitor banks used as energy accumulators in circuit breakers has a voltage monitoring system to monitor the charge of the capacitors.
  • the control unit of known type only monitors the voltage of the capacitors and does not detect and indicate whether or not there is sufficient charge to operate the magnetic actuator. In other words, if the control unit sees a predetermined voltage (e.g. 80 Volts) on the output of the charge circuit, it is assumed that there is sufficient energy to operate.
  • a predetermined voltage e.g. 80 Volts
  • the present invention is aimed at providing provide a medium voltage circuit breaker having reduced risks of failure due to incorrect status of the capacitor bank.
  • a Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker has at least a pair of contacts mutually coupleable and uncoupleable to carry out an opening/closing operation, a magnetic actuator operatively connected to at least one of the contacts, a capacitor bank system having one or more capacitors that deliver power to the magnetic actuator for carrying out the opening/closing operation and a control device.
  • the medium voltage CB further has a supervisor device of the capacitor bank. The supervisor device measures the Equivalent Series Resistance of the capacitor bank system. The measurement of the Equivalent Series Resistance is stopped when an opening or closing operation of the circuit breaker is launched.
  • a Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker comprising has at least a pair of contacts mutually coupleable and uncoupleable to carry out an opening/closing operation, a magnetic actuator operatively connected to at least one of the contacts, a capacitor bank system having one or more capacitors that deliver power to the magnetic actuator for carrying out the opening/closing operation and a control device.
  • the medium voltage CB further has a supervisor device of the capacitor bank. The supervisor device measures the Capacitance of the capacitor bank system. The measurement of the Capacitance of the capacitor bank system is stopped when an opening or closing operation of the circuit breaker is launched.
  • FIG. 1 the only drawing figures shows a block diagram for the Medium Voltage CB.
  • FIG. 1 which is the only drawing FIGURE, there is shown at least a pair of contacts 1 of a Medium Voltage circuit breaker (CB).
  • the contacts 1 are mutually coupleable and uncoupleable to carry out the opening/closing operation of the Medium Voltage CB.
  • a magnetic actuator 2 is operatively connected to at least one of the contacts 1 and is powered by a capacitor bank 3 comprising one or more capacitors that deliver power to the magnetic actuator 2 for carrying out the opening/closing operation.
  • a control device 4 for managing the opening/closing operation and, in general, for controlling the whole circuit breaker is also present.
  • the Medium Voltage CB further comprises a supervisor device 5 of the capacitor bank 3 .
  • the supervisor device 5 measures the Equivalent Series Resistance of the capacitor bank system 3 .
  • the circuit breaker is equipped with a capacitor bank supervisor device 5 that detects the status of the operative life of the capacitor(s) 3 by measuring the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance of the capacitor bank system 3 .
  • the measured values of Equivalent Series Resistance and/or Capacitance are compared with the corresponding initial values (rated or predetermined through calibration) so as to check an Equivalent Series Resistance increase and/or a Capacitance reduction.
  • one or more threshold values e.g. percentage of the initial Capacitance and/or Equivalent Series Resistance values measured during calibration
  • the present invention relates to a Medium Voltage Circuit Breaker (CB) which comprises at least a pair of contact mutually coupleable and uncoupleable to carry out opening/closing operation; a magnetic actuator is operatively connected to at least one of said contacts and is powered by a capacitor bank comprising one or more capacitors that deliver power to said magnetic actuator for carrying out said opening/closing operation.
  • a control device for managing the opening/closing operation and, in general, for controlling the whole circuit breaker is also present.
  • the Medium Voltage CB according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a supervisor device of said capacitor bank, said supervisor device measuring the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance of said capacitor bank system.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is equipped with a capacitor bank supervisor device that detects the status of the operative life of the capacitor(s) by measuring the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance of said capacitor bank system.
  • the measured values of Equivalent Series Resistance and/or Capacitance are compared with the corresponding initial values (rated or predetermined through calibration) so as to check an Equivalent Series Resistance increase and/or a Capacitance reduction.
  • one or more threshold values e.g. percentage of the initial Capacitance and/or Equivalent Series Resistance values measured during calibration
  • the Equivalent Series Resistance is a single resistance representing all the losses of the capacitor, the connectors and the wiring connected in series with the capacitance.
  • the Medium Voltage CB according to the invention is equipped with a supervisor device of the capacitor bank in which the measurement of the Equivalent Series Resistance is based on the measure of the capacitor voltage before and after the application of a known resistor load 6 .
  • the detected ESR value is compared with an initial reference value of the Equivalent Series Resistance. In the event the comparison shows and increase of the Equivalent Series Resistance above a predetermined threshold a signaling error may be generated.
  • the voltage measure after resistor load insertion should be performed very quickly to avoid the effect of capacitor discharge.
  • the resistor load is inserted there is a voltage drop that is immediately detected so as to determine the Equivalent Series Resistance according to the above relation.
  • I_load is the current flowing in the resistor load
  • ⁇ V is a fixed voltage drop
  • ⁇ t is time elapsed of capacitor voltage to fall down the fixed voltage drop.
  • the load current may be considered constant. For instance, if 80 V is the rated capacitor voltage, a voltage drop ( ⁇ V) of 0.5 V corresponds to the 0.625 of the nominal voltage, then the same variation results in the current measure. From the relations given above, if the voltage drop ( ⁇ V) and the load current (I_load) are constant, then the capacitance measure is directly proportional to elapsed time. In general, the voltage drop ( ⁇ V) should be minimized so as to avoid energy waste in the capacitor bank and preserve their capability to provide the magnetic actuator with enough energy to perform the whole cycle Opening/Closing/Opening (OCO operation).
  • OOO operation Opening/Closing/Opening
  • the resistor load should be selected so as to minimize the measurement time for the Capacitance.
  • the supervisor device comprises means to perform the calibration function and the measurement of the initial values of Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance.
  • a first measurement of the initial values Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance is carried out in order to get the reference values to be used in the subsequent calculations of Equivalent Series Resistance and/or Capacitance.
  • the calibration is not performed if at least one of the following conditions is detected: the measured ESR is higher than a predetermined value (e.g. 100 m ⁇ ) and/or the measured Capacitance value is lower than a predetermined percentage (e.g. 25 or 30%) of a nominal value previously set.
  • a predetermined value e.g. 100 m ⁇
  • a predetermined percentage e.g. 25 or 30%
  • the measurement of Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance is stopped when an opening or closing operation of the circuit breaker is launched.
  • measurement operations are interrupted when the control device recognizes that a circuit breaker operation is ongoing (i.e. when current is flowing in the magnetic actuator).
  • the data measured are not evaluated and the measurement operation automatically restart after the opening or closing operation of the circuit breaker is completed.
  • the supervisor device comprises means for setting one or more threshold values of said Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance.
  • the supervisor device allows to manage at least one, but preferably two thresholds for the failure detection, based on the increase of the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the decrease of the Capacitance. For instance a first threshold can be set in correspondence of a 50% increase of the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or a 25% decrease of the Capacitance, while a second threshold can be set in correspondence of a 100% increase of the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or a 25% decrease of the Capacitance.
  • the number and values of the threshold can of course be different, depending on the features of the capacitor(s) and depending on the intended application (e.g. circuit breaker, contactor, . . . .)
  • the supervisor device 5 is integrated in the control device 4 .
  • the supervisor device 5 is separated from the control device 4 .
  • existing circuit breakers can be upgraded by connecting the supervisor device 5 to the control device 4 of the circuit breaker and to the capacitor bank 3 .
  • the circuit breaker of the present invention has a number of advantages with respect to the circuit breaker operated by a magnetic actuator of conventional type.
  • the operability and the status of the capacitor bank is kept under control in order to detect the reduction or loss of capacitor characteristics.
  • the Equivalent Series Resistance and/or the Capacitance it is possible to detect the status of the operative life of the capacitor(s), thereby avoiding or at least minimizing the risks of malfunctioning or misoperation of the circuit breaker.
  • the medium voltage circuit breaker and the electronic protection and control unit thus conceived may undergo numerous modifications and come in several variants, all coming within the scope of the inventive concept. Moreover, all the component parts described herein may be substituted by other, technically equivalent elements. In practice, the component materials and dimensions of the device may be of any nature, according to need and the state of the art.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
US12/416,989 2008-04-04 2009-04-02 Medium voltage circuit breaker with capacitor bank supervisor Active 2030-10-29 US8502419B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08154119.5 2008-04-04
EP08154119 2008-04-04
EP20080154119 EP2107583B1 (de) 2008-04-04 2008-04-04 Mittelspannungsschutzschalter mit Kondensatorbanküberwachung.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090251011A1 US20090251011A1 (en) 2009-10-08
US8502419B2 true US8502419B2 (en) 2013-08-06

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US12/416,989 Active 2030-10-29 US8502419B2 (en) 2008-04-04 2009-04-02 Medium voltage circuit breaker with capacitor bank supervisor

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US8502419B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2107583B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101552143B (de)
AT (1) ATE512451T1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10431407B2 (en) * 2016-06-13 2019-10-01 Abb Schweiz Ag Medium voltage contactor

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103412265B (zh) * 2013-08-09 2017-03-15 南京理工大学 Ccm降压变换器输出电容esr和c的监测装置及方法
EP3043187B1 (de) * 2015-01-09 2020-01-01 ABB Schweiz AG Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Betriebszustands einer elektromagnetischen Mittelspannungsschaltvorrichtung
KR102042756B1 (ko) * 2016-10-10 2019-11-08 주식회사 엘지화학 진단 장치 및 이를 포함하는 전원 시스템
WO2021260624A1 (en) * 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Moshe Cohen Gadol Method and system to determine electrical faults
CN113410814B (zh) * 2021-06-09 2022-08-16 西安交通大学 一种机械式直流断路器状态评估方法、系统及介质
DE102023213113B3 (de) * 2023-12-20 2025-04-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kapazitätsbestimmung von Hybrid-Kondensatorenergiespeichern in einem Hybrid-Kondensatorenergiespeicher und Schaltanlage mit einer solchen Kapazitätsbestimmung

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4360853A (en) 1981-08-19 1982-11-23 Brown Boveri Electric Inc. Capacitor voltage and trip coil impedance sensor with high voltage isolation
US5497095A (en) * 1993-11-08 1996-03-05 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for inspecting electric component for inverter circuit
JPH09229976A (ja) * 1996-02-21 1997-09-05 Kansei Corp コンデンサ容量診断回路
EP1172833A1 (de) 1999-10-28 2002-01-16 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Schalter mit elektromagnetischer rückstosskraft.
US6356086B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2002-03-12 Sencore, Inc. Method and apparatus for the in-circuit testing of a capacitor
WO2002023572A1 (en) 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Abb Ab Switching device system, components therefore and methods relating thereto
US6750567B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2004-06-15 Abb Research Ltd Actuation and control device for electric switchgear
JP2006059823A (ja) 2005-11-07 2006-03-02 Hitachi Ltd 電磁操作装置
US7173438B2 (en) * 2005-05-18 2007-02-06 Seagate Technology Llc Measuring capacitance
WO2008038421A1 (fr) 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Appareil d'ouverture/fermeture commandé par solénoïde
US7538684B2 (en) * 2004-08-18 2009-05-26 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Circuit health monitoring system and method

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4360853A (en) 1981-08-19 1982-11-23 Brown Boveri Electric Inc. Capacitor voltage and trip coil impedance sensor with high voltage isolation
US5497095A (en) * 1993-11-08 1996-03-05 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for inspecting electric component for inverter circuit
JPH09229976A (ja) * 1996-02-21 1997-09-05 Kansei Corp コンデンサ容量診断回路
US6356086B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2002-03-12 Sencore, Inc. Method and apparatus for the in-circuit testing of a capacitor
US6750567B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2004-06-15 Abb Research Ltd Actuation and control device for electric switchgear
EP1172833A1 (de) 1999-10-28 2002-01-16 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Schalter mit elektromagnetischer rückstosskraft.
WO2002023572A1 (en) 2000-09-18 2002-03-21 Abb Ab Switching device system, components therefore and methods relating thereto
US7538684B2 (en) * 2004-08-18 2009-05-26 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Circuit health monitoring system and method
US7173438B2 (en) * 2005-05-18 2007-02-06 Seagate Technology Llc Measuring capacitance
JP2006059823A (ja) 2005-11-07 2006-03-02 Hitachi Ltd 電磁操作装置
WO2008038421A1 (fr) 2006-09-28 2008-04-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Appareil d'ouverture/fermeture commandé par solénoïde

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10431407B2 (en) * 2016-06-13 2019-10-01 Abb Schweiz Ag Medium voltage contactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE512451T1 (de) 2011-06-15
CN101552143A (zh) 2009-10-07
US20090251011A1 (en) 2009-10-08
EP2107583A1 (de) 2009-10-07
CN101552143B (zh) 2013-12-25
EP2107583B1 (de) 2011-06-08

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