Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
  • A01N31/04—Oxygen or sulfur attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a carbocyclic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

• This invention relates to antimicrobial compositions.
• compositions that are effective against a wide range of microorganisms while, at the same time, are environmentally- and user-friendly.
• the specific requirements for such compositions vary according to the intended application (e.g. sanitizer, disinfectant, sterilant, sporicide, etc.) and applicable public health requirements.
• a sanitizer should provide a 99.999% reduction (5-log order reduction) within 30 seconds at room temperature, 20 ⁇ 2° C., against several test organisms.
• the present invention is intended to provide new environmentally- and user-friendly compositions that are effective against many different microorganisms, at reasonably short contact times, including compositions that are effective against bacterial and fungal spores (e.g. Clostridium Difficile , or C. Difficile ) that are notoriously difficult to kill with known antimicrobial agents.
• compositions that are effective against bacterial and fungal spores e.g. Clostridium Difficile , or C. Difficile ) that are notoriously difficult to kill with known antimicrobial agents.
• an antimicrobial solution comprising:
• the invention provides an antimicrobial solution consisting essentially of:
• the invention provides concentrated versions of the solution, solutions that are effective against bacterial and fungal spores, kits that can be used to make the solution, wipes in which are embedded the solution, the use of the solution in a method of antimicrobial treatment of a surface contaminated with a microorganism, and viscous embodiments of the solution that maintain their viscosity over time.
• composition is used generally to mean a substance regardless of its form, and includes a solution, a dry particulate formulation, and a combination of one or more solutions and one or more dry particulate formulations such as may be contained in a kit.
• the term “comprising,” when used in relation to a number of integers or elements, means including without being limited to the recited integers or elements.
• the term “consisting essentially of” means including the recited integers or elements (and normal impurities present therein) and such additional integers or elements that do not materially affect the basic and novel properties of the invention.
• “Basic and novel properties of the invention” means the antimicrobial properties of the invention.
• Antimicrobial properties” is a broad term that encompasses but is not restricted to sporicidal properties.
• the term “consisting of” means including only the recited integers or elements and no additional integers or elements, except those that may be present as normal impurities.
• % w/w means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total composition, unless otherwise specified.
• “Sporicide” means a composition that can kill/inactivate bacterial or fungal endospores under the conditions specified in and to the degree required by quantitative carrier test method ASTM E2111, entitled “Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate the Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal and Sporicidal Potencies of Liquid Chemical Germicides.”
• Antimicrobial composition is used generally herein to specify a composition having disinfecting activity. Thus, the term is used to include compositions that are sanitizers, disinfectants, sporicides and/or sterilants.
• definitions relating to antimicrobial activity contained herein may be different from definitions used in some governmental regulations, the use of such definitions herein is not intended to indicate compliance with any particular governmental standard for antimicrobial activity.
• Hydroperoxide releasing component means any component which produces hydrogen peroxide when the component is in contact with water.
• Suitable water-soluble sources of hydrogen peroxide for use herein include percarbonates, persilicates, persulphates (such as monopersulfate), perborates and mixtures thereof.
• the term encompasses other classes of peroxides including dialkyl peroxides, diacylperoxides, organic and inorganic peroxides and/or hydroperoxides.
• the solutions of the invention can be formulated and sold in ready-to-use or concentrated formats. Concentrated versions of the solution can be used full-strength. However, typically they will be diluted with a solvent (e.g. water) prior to use.
• the ingredients of the solution can be sold as separate components contained in a kit and combined by the end user, optionally by adding a solvent (e.g. water), to form a solution according to the invention.
• a solvent e.g. water
• the person skilled in the art will appreciate that all ingredients, except for benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol, are available in either dry or liquid forms.
• the solvents are available only in liquid form.
• the kit may contain suitable directions for carrying out the method of the invention (described below) and may include recommended dilution ratios, applications, other application techniques and safety warnings.
• wipes may be embedded in wipes for convenient application.
• wipes is meant a textile medium (e.g. towel) that is disposed of after single or multiple uses.
• the wipes are packaged in a plastic box or container.
• the solution comprises hydrogen peroxide in a concentration of from 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7, or 7.5% w/w and less than 8, 7, or 5% w/w.
• the hydrogen peroxide concentration is from 3 to 8% w/w, 3 to 7% w/w, or from 4 to 7% w/w.
• the concentration of glycolic acid is from 0.1, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, or 1.5% w/w and less than 6, 5, 2, or 1.5% w/w.
• the glycolic acid is present in a concentration of from 0.1 to 6% w/w, 0.1 to 5% w/w, 0.5 to 5% w/w, 0.75 to 2% w/w, or from 1 to 1.5% w/w.
• the concentration of the antimicrobially-active solvent is from 1, 2, or 2.5 and less than 5, 4, 3.5, or 3, % w/w.
• the solution comprises benzyl alcohol in a concentration of from 0.1 to 5% w/w, 1 to 5% w/w, 2 to 5% w/w, 2 to 4% w/w, or from 3 to 4 w/w %.
• the benzyl alcohol is present in a concentration of less than 4% w/w.
• compositions according to the present invention may further comprise effective amounts of additional ingredients to improve certain properties or impart selected characteristics.
• the compositions may comprise an effective amount of at least one surfactant to help solubilize certain ingredients in compositions or solutions according to the invention (e.g. benzyl alcohol) and/or to impart cleaning properties.
• the compositions may further comprise a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer or chelating agent to maintain the level of hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide releasing component over time. Thickening agents that are compatible with hydrogen peroxide (i.e. which do not break down and lose their thickening properties in the presence of hydrogen peroxide) may also be added. pH adjusters and buffering agents (e.g. NaOH, KOH, HCl, phosphoric acid, citric acid) may be added to achieve or maintain the desired pH.
• ingredients that may be included are skin conditioning agents or emollients, builders, fragrances, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, additional antimicrobial agents (e.g. benzoic acid, salicylic acid, alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbons, quaternary ammonium compounds, essential oils, and phenolic compounds), additional solvents, radical scavengers, soil suspenders, dye transfer agents, and dispersants.
• skin conditioning agents or emollients e.g. benzoic acid, salicylic acid, alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbons, quaternary ammonium compounds, essential oils, and phenolic compounds
• additional solvents e.g. benzoic acid, salicylic acid, alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbons, quaternary ammonium compounds, essential oils, and phenolic compounds
• radical scavengers e.g. benzoic acid, salicylic acid, alcohols having from 1 to 6 carbons, quaternary ammonium compounds, essential oils, and phenolic compounds
• the surfactant can be selected from any anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric surfactants that are known in the art to have cleaning, detersive or solubilizing properties.
• Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants useful in the present invention are C 8 to C 16 alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof, sulfonated C 12 to C 22 carboxylic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof, C 6 to C 22 alkyl diphenyl oxide sulfonic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof, naphthalene sulfonic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof, C 8 to C 22 alkyl sulfonic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof, alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium C 8 to C 18 alkyl sulfates, alkyl or alkenyl esters or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid in which the alkyl or alkenyl groups independently contain from six to eighteen carbon atoms and
• the anionic surfactant may be chosen from C 8 to C 16 alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof (e.g. dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid and its sodium salt), C 6 to C 22 alkyl diphenyl oxide sulfonic acids and alkali metal, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable cationic surfactants for use herein are quaternary ammonium compounds containing alkyl or substituted alkyl groups, alkyl amide and carboxylic acid groups, ether groups, unsaturated alkyl groups, and cyclic quaternary ammonium compounds, which can be chlorides, dichlorides, bromides, methylsulphates, chlorophenates, cyclohexylsulphamates or salts of the other acids.
• alkylpyridinium chlorides and/or sulphates the alkyl group may be cetyl, dodecyl or hexadecyl group, alkylisoquinolyl chlorides and/or bromides, the alkyl group may be a dodecyl group.
• Particularly suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use herein include alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl dimethyl ammonium saccharinate, cetylpyridinium and mixtures thereof.
• amphoteric surfactants are imidazoline derivatives (e.g. alkylamphoacetates, alkylamphopropionates, and alkyliminopropionates), alkylbetaines, alkylamidopropylbetaines, alkylsulfobetaines, amine oxides and mixtures thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of non-ionic surfactants are alkylarylpolyether alcohols having degrees of ethoxylation from 1.5 to 120, linear polyether alcohols having an alkyl chain length from between about 4 and 22 carbons, mixed linear alcohol ethoxylates, secondary alcohol ethoxylates having an alkyl chain length from between about 6 and 22 carbons, branched alkyl alcohol ethoxylates having between about 8 and 22 carbons, such as tridecyl alcohol ethoxylates, trimethylnonanyl ethoxylates, and isodecyl alcohol ethoxylates, isotridecyl alcohol ethoxylates; nonionic esters, alcohol, glycerol, and glycol esters, polyethylene glycol (PEG) esters such as diethylene glycol monostearates, glycerol monostearates, PEG laurates, PEG dilaurates, PEG monooleates, and PEG dioleates, where
• the surfactant concentration can be from 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1% w/w and less than or equal to 20, 10, 5, 3, 2, 1, 0.75 or 0.5% w/w. In certain embodiments, the surfactant concentration is from 0.001 to 20% w/w, 0.01 to 5% w/w, from 0.1 to 4% w/w, from 0.2 to 3% w/w, or from 0.3 to 2% w/w.
• At least one hydrogen peroxide stabilizer or chelating agent may be included to ensure that adequate levels of hydrogen peroxide in solution are maintained over time thereby prolonging shelf-life.
• suitable hydrogen peroxide stabilizers are 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1,-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), amino tri(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid), 2-hydroxy ethylimino bis(methylene phosphonic acid), and ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMPA).
• peroxide stabilizers such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid, ethylenediamine ⁇ N,N′-disuccinic acid, ethanoldiglycines, methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA), propylenediamine tetraacetic acid (PDTA), ([S,S′]-Ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), benzoic acid, salicylic acid, aminobenzoic acid, and citric acid.
• Hydrogen peroxide stabilizers can be present in a concentration of from 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1% w/w and less than or equal to 20, 10, 5, 4, 3 or 2% w/w.
• an effective amount of at least one thickening agent, that does not decompose in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, can be added to increase the viscosity of solutions according to the invention.
• Thickening agents which can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, cross-linked polyacrylates such as CARBOPOLTM (polymers available from Goodrich); polymeric carboxylates including modified and unmodified starches, xanthan gum (e.g. KELTROL 630TM), and cellulose derivatives (e.g. NATROSOL 250TM).
• the thickening agent can be present in a concentration of from 0.1, or 0.2% w/w, and less than or equal to 5, 2, 1, or 0.8% w/w. In certain embodiments, the thickening agent is present in a concentration of from 0.01 to 5% w/w, 0.05 to 5% w/w, from 0.1 to 5, or from 0.1 to 2% w/w.
• solutions according to the invention can have a viscosity of from about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, or 2000 centipoise.
• Solutions according to the invention can be in the form of gels having a viscosity of from 1400 to 1800 centipoise.
• the desired pH is less than or equal to 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, or 2 and from 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3. In some embodiments, the pH is from 0.5 to 4, 1.5 to 4, or from 2 to 3.
• pH buffers or adjusters may be included in aqueous solutions to achieve the desired pH. Examples of these ingredients include NaOH, KOH, HCl, phosphoric acid, organic acids and mixtures thereof. Suitable organic acids for use herein include monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and tricarboxylic acids or mixtures thereof, including acetic acid, citric acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glutaric acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, methyl succinic acid, succinic acid and mixtures thereof.
• Skin conditioning agents or emollients can be used to prevent or reduce skin irritation when the composition comes in contact with skin.
• examples include glycerin, sorbitol, cetyl alcohol, and allantoin.
• the solution is no more than slightly irritating as determined according to the Acute Dermal Irritation/Corrosion test set forth in OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 404, 2002.
• Corrosion inhibitors are of benefit if the present inventive composition is to be used on metals, such as brass, copper or mild steel, to prevent or reduce corrosion thereof.
• corrosion inhibitors are sodium nitrite, sodium molybdate, tolytriazoles and benzotriazoles.
• compositions according to the invention can be used to inactivate various microorganisms. Certain embodiments of the invention are effective even against bacterial and fungal spores, such as those that may be present on toilets, sinks and commodes (e.g. Clostridium Difficile ).
• the antimicrobial compositions of the invention can be used for a variety of domestic or industrial applications, e.g. to reduce microbial or viral populations on a surface or object or in a body or stream of water.
• the compositions can be applied in a variety of areas including kitchens, bathrooms, factories, hospitals, dental offices and food plants, and can be applied to a variety of hard or soft surfaces having smooth, irregular or porous topography.
• Suitable hard surfaces include, for example, architectural surfaces (e.g. floors, walls, windows, sinks, tables, counters and signs), eating utensils, hard-surface medical or surgical instruments and devices, and hard-surface packaging.
• Such hard surfaces can be made from a variety of materials comprising, for example, ceramic, metal, glass, wood or hard plastic.
• Suitable soft surfaces include, for example paper, filter media, hospital and surgical linens and garments, soft-surface medical or surgical instruments and devices, soft-surface packaging, food and skin. Certain soft surfaces can be made from a variety of materials comprising, for example, paper, fiber, woven or non-woven fabric, soft plastics and elastomers. When used on skin, the invention preferably includes skin conditioning agents or emollients.
• the antimicrobial compositions can also be used in veterinary products such as products for sanitizing or disinfecting animal enclosures, pens, watering stations, and veterinary treatment areas such as inspection tables and operation rooms.
• the invention also provides a method of antimicrobial treatment of a surface contaminated with a microorganism comprising applying to the surface a solution according to the present invention for a contact time of from 1 to 30 minutes.
• the microorganism can be a bacterial or fungal spore (e.g. C. Difficile ).
• the antimicrobial solutions according to the invention can be applied to surfaces using a variety of methods. For example, the solutions can be sprayed or wiped onto the surface, they can be caused to flow over the surface, or the surface can be dipped into the solution.
• the bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal activities of various test solutions were evaluated by using the quantitative carrier test method (QCT-1) ASTM E2111, entitled “Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate the Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal and Sporicidal Potencies of Liquid Chemical Germicides.”
• QCT-1 quantitative carrier test method
• ASTM E2111 entitled “Standard Quantitative Carrier Test Method to Evaluate the Bactericidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal and Sporicidal Potencies of Liquid Chemical Germicides.”
• ASTM E1053 entitled “Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Virucidal Agents Intended for Inanimate Environmental Surfaces” was used.
• Phosphoric acid is used as a pH buffer in the below experiments. All tests were performed at room temperature (20 ⁇ 2° C.).
• Solution 1 was tested for its bactericidal, fungicidal and sporicidal activity using the QCT-1 method and for virucidal activity using the ASTM E1053 method and the results are presented in Table 2.
• Solution 1 was tested for its peroxide stability using a seven day accelerated stability test method at 70° C. which correlates to storage of Solution 1 for one year at room temperature. Solution 1 showed less than 20% hydrogen peroxide loss at the end of the test.
• Solution 4 was tested for its dermal irritation or corrosion on rabbits as per the OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 404, 2002. The degree of irritancy was evaluated using the scoring system described in the “OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals”, Section 404, (OECD, 2002). According to these tests, Solution 4 was only slightly irritating in accordance with the Dermal Classification System used.
• Solutions 6 to 10 were prepared and tested against B. subtilis spores using the QCT-1 method and a contact time of 10 minutes. Of these solutions, only Solution 6 is in accordance with the present invention. These solutions and the results of the tests are summarized in Table 3 below.
• Solutions 11 and 12 were prepared and tested against B. subtilis spores using the QCT-1 method and a contact time of 10 minutes.
• Solution 11 is in accordance with the present invention.
• Solution 12 is identical to Solution 11 except that glycolic acid is omitted. Thus, Solution 12 is not in accordance with the present invention.
• Solutions 13 to 19 were prepared and tested against B. subtilis spores using the QCT-1 method at a contact time of 10 minutes. These solutions and the results of the tests are summarized in Table 5 below. Of these solutions, only Solution 19 is in accordance with the present invention.
• Solution 20 in accordance with a further embodiment of the invention, was prepared and tested against B. subtilis spores using the QCT-1 method at a contact time of 10 minutes. This solution and the results of the test are summarized in Table 6 below.
• Solutions 25 to 27 were prepared and tested against B. subtilis spores using the QCT-1 method at a contact time of 10 minutes. These solutions and the results of the test are summarized in Table 9 below. Of these solutions, only Solution 27 is in accordance with the present invention. Solution 27 contains phenoxyethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycolic acid in combination with other ingredients. Solutions 25 and 26 do not contain glycolic acid.
• solutions comprising hydrogen peroxide, glycolic acid, and at least one of benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol provide a high rate of microbial kill. Certain embodiments are also effective as sporicides. Other solutions tested, that were not in accordance with the present invention, failed to achieve a high log reduction in colony forming units.

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• 2008
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