US9169309B2 - Thermostable variants of fibroblast growth factors - Google Patents

Thermostable variants of fibroblast growth factors Download PDF

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US9169309B2
US9169309B2 US13/408,874 US201213408874A US9169309B2 US 9169309 B2 US9169309 B2 US 9169309B2 US 201213408874 A US201213408874 A US 201213408874A US 9169309 B2 US9169309 B2 US 9169309B2
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Soon Seog Jeong
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HUMANZYME Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/475—Growth factors; Growth regulators
    • C07K14/50—Fibroblast growth factor [FGF]
    • C07K14/503—Fibroblast growth factor [FGF] basic FGF [bFGF]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
    • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
    • C12N5/0603—Embryonic cells ; Embryoid bodies
    • C12N5/0606—Pluripotent embryonic cells, e.g. embryonic stem cells [ES]

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  • the present technology relates to engineered Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF2) with increased thermostability, and uses of same for the culturing of embryonic stem cells.
  • FGF2 Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
  • Human embryonic stem cells are typically cultured in media that contains basic fibroblast growth factor proteins.
  • the growth factors are usually supplied in the form of fibroblast feeder layers or by the use of fibroblast-conditioned media. Supplementing such media with recombinant growth factors and cytokines helps boost self-renewal and differentiation of both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 is an important component of human embryonic stem cell culture media because it helps maintain the cells in an undifferentiated state.
  • FGF2 Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
  • one function of FGF2 is to prolong the pluripotency period of the cells and, consequently, their ability to differentiate into various different cell types.
  • FGF2 Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
  • Xu C, et al. (2005) Stem Cells 23:315-323 Sufficiently high concentrations of FGF2 permit the culture of human embryonic stem cells in fibroblast unconditioned medium, which does not contain fibroblasts. See Levenstein M E, et al. (2006) Stem Cells 24:568-574.
  • FGF2 is however more rapidly degraded in fibroblast unconditioned medium than in fibroblast-conditioned medium when incubated with embryonic stem cells for prolonged periods at 37° C. See Levenstein M E, et al. (2006) Stem Cells 24:568-574. Consequently, it is usually necessary to supplement the unconditioned medium with fresh FGF2 on a daily basis, in order to maintain an effective concentration in the culture.
  • the short half-life of FGF2 in culture is of concern in the industry from a cost perspective, especially in the context of manufacturing schemes that employ large-scale cell cultures to produce stem cell-based therapeutics.
  • the present disclosure generally provides compositions and methods for the culture of embryonic stem (“ES”) cells. Specifically, the disclosure provides FGF2 variants with increased thermostability compared to wild-type FGF2.
  • the composition comprises an isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: (i) a variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T; and (ii) a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the polypeptide encoded comprises amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • the isolated polynucleotide of claim 1 wherein the polypeptide encoded comprises SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the disclosure provides an expression vector comprising an isolated polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of: (i) a variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T; and (ii) a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the polypeptide encoded comprises amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • the expression vector comprises a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the disclosure provides an isolated polypeptide selected from the group consisting of (i) a variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T; and (ii) a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the polypeptide comprises amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • the polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for culturing embryonic stem cells comprising culturing the embryonic stem cells in a feeder-independent culture medium comprising an effective amount of the polypeptide of claim 6 , wherein the effective amount comprises the amount necessary to maintain the cells with an undifferentiated morphology for at least 5 passages.
  • the feeder-independent medium is hESF9, mTeSR1, or STEMPRO®.
  • the effective amount polypeptide is about 1.0 ng/ ⁇ l to about 100 ng/ ⁇ l of culture medium.
  • the embryonic stems cells are human ES cells, mouse ES cells, bovine ES cells, or feline ES cells.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state comprising contacting human embryonic stem cells with an effective amount of a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO:8 or a variant of SEQ ID NO:4 comprising amino acid substitutions Q56I, N102G, and C87S.
  • the effective amount of polypeptide is about 1.0 ng/ ⁇ l to about 100 ng/ ⁇ l of culture medium.
  • FIG. 1 Human FGF2 (FGF-basic). The N-terminal propeptide is underlined, followed by 146 amino acid mature secreted peptide. Four cysteines are shown in bold underline.
  • FIG. 2 SDS-PAGE Coomassie stain and Western blot of wild-type FGF2 expression in human cells.
  • FIG. 3 X-ray crystal structures of human FGF1 (3FJF; left) and FGF2 (1EV2; right) that have a common structure.
  • FIG. 4 Pair wise sequence alignment of human FGF1 (SEQ ID NO: 13) and FGF2 (SEQ ID NO: 2). Four engineering target residues are black boxed.
  • FIGS. 5( a )-( e ) (a) X-ray crystal structure of human FGF2 bound to its receptor. All four cysteines were mutated to serines to improve solubility. Locations of engineering target residues are (b) Q65, (c) N111, (d) C78, and (e) C96.
  • FIG. 6 Expression analysis of three engineered FGF2 from human cells.
  • FIG. 7 QNCm FGF2 culture supernatant (left panel) and purified protein (right panel) visualized via SDS-PAGE Coomassie stain. Anti-FGF2 western blot of purified proteins (middle panel).
  • FIG. 8 FGF2 QNCm shows increased thermostability compared to wild-type FGF2 in a cell proliferation-based assay.
  • FIG. 9 FGF2 QNCm (represented by ⁇ ) shows increased activity compared to commercially available wild-type FGF2 (represented by ⁇ ) in a cell proliferation-based assay.
  • FIGS. 10( a )-( d ) (a) Good looking human ES cell colony; (b) mCherry reporter to the Nanog promoter (a pluripotency related gene, i.e. stem cell gene). The loss or down regulation of Nanog is found in the differentiated cells; (c) differentiated stem cell colony showing the “donut”; (d) mCerry stain of C.
  • the present disclosure relates to engineered FGF2 molecules with increased thermostability compared to the wild-type protein.
  • the engineered molecules have a longer half-life in human cell culture than the wild-type protein, and are more conducive to large scale production of the recombinant proteins in human cells.
  • Standard techniques are used for nucleic acid and peptide synthesis. Standard techniques, or modifications thereof, are used for chemical syntheses and chemical analyses. All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and for all purposes to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • FGF2 refers to human Fibroblast Growth Factor-2.
  • Human FGF2 is a 16 kDa protein with a length of 146 amino acids. See FIG. 1 and SEQ ID NOs 1 and 2. Although the growth factor contains four cysteine residues that are highly conserved among different species, the residues do not form intramolecular disulfide bonds that contribute the structural stability of the protein. FGF2 is unusual among growth factors in that the protein is not glycosylated and it is not secreted via the conventional ER/Golgi pathway. See, for instance, Engling A, et al. (2002) J Cell Sci 115:3619-3631.
  • expression vector refers to plasmid or circular DNA capable of directing expression of a polynucleotide under the direction of an operable promoter.
  • the vector may be optimized to express in a variety of cell systems, including but not limited to bacterial cells, mammalian cells, human cells, insect cells, or plant cells. Likewise, the vector may be optimized for cell-free expression of the polynucleotide using methods known in the art.
  • the vector may comprise any operable promoter, enhancer, intron, or other sequence relevant to the production of recombinant protein as compatible with the particular cell system in use.
  • the vector comprises a human CMV immediate early enhancer.
  • the vector comprises a human beta-actin promoter.
  • the vector comprises a human beta-globin intron.
  • the vector comprises an antibiotic resistance marker gene.
  • a “fragment” of FGF2 or an engineered FGF2 protein refers to a portion of the patent amino acid sequence, wherein the portion comprises contiguous amino acids and possesses at least partial FGF2 activity.
  • a “fragment” of the engineered FGF2 variants described herein will also demonstrate increased thermostability compared to the corresponding fragment of the wild-type FGF2 protein.
  • the fragment comprises at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20, at least about 25, at least about 30, at least about 35, at least about 40, at least about 45, at least about 50, at least about 55, at least about 60, at least about 65, at least about 70, at least about 75 at least about 80, at least about 85, at least about 90, at least about 95, at least about 100, at least about 105, at least about 110, at least about 115, at least about 120, at least about 125, at least about 130, at least about 135, at least about 140, at least about 145 contiguous amino acids.
  • the present disclosure provides an isolated polynucleotide encoding a variant fragment of SEQ ID NO:2 comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the present disclosure provides an isolated polypeptide comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an isolated polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • variant is synonymous with “mutant” and refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide sequence that has a different nucleic acid or amino acid sequence as compared to the wild-type sequence. Exemplary differences can include, without limitation, substitutions, deletions, insertions and inversions.
  • the number of nucleotides or amino acids may vary; e.g., in some embodiments, a polypeptide variant includes one, two, three, four or more amino acid substitutions.
  • a variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment of SEQ ID NO: 2 includes the one or more of the following amino acid substitutions: Q65L, Q651, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • a variant of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment of SEQ ID NO: 2 includes the following amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • a variant of SEQ ID NO:4 includes the following amino acid substitutions: Q56I, N102G, and C87S.
  • ES cells refers to pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, an early-stage embryo. By definition, ES cells have the capacity to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
  • the ES cells are human ES cells.
  • the ES cells are bovine ES cells.
  • the ES cells are mouse ES cells.
  • the ES cells are feline ES cells.
  • stem cells refers generally to any self-renewing cell type including naturally pluripotent or multipotent cells, and induced pluripotent or multipotent cells.
  • Examples of stem cells amenable to the present methods include but are not limited to embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and tissue-specific stem cells. Accordingly, the present methods may be practiced using any stem cell requiring, or which can utilize, FGF2 supplementation in culture for growth or improved growth.
  • the stem cells are embryonic stem cells.
  • the stem cells are tissue-specific stem cells.
  • the stem cells are naturally pluripotent or multipotent.
  • the pluripotency or multipotency of the cells is induced.
  • an effective amount refers to the amount required to achieve a desired effect.
  • the desired effect may be to maintain ES cells in an undifferentiated state.
  • an effective amount is from about 0.20 ng/ ⁇ l to about 500 ng/ ⁇ l of FGF2 or FGF2 variant.
  • the effective amount is 0.25 ng/ ⁇ l of FGF2 or FGF2 variant.
  • an effective amount is 1.0 In some embodiments, the to 100 ng/ ⁇ l of FGF2 or FGF2 variant.
  • maintaining stem cells in an “undifferentiated morphology” or “undifferentiated state” refers to maintaining the cells in a pluripotent or multipotent state.
  • Pluripotency or multipotency of cells can be assessed using methods known in the art, including nut not limited to, pluripotency markers such as the mCherry Nanog reporter gene. Additionally or alternatively, pluripotency may assessed by the general morphology of the cells according to what is known in the art about the particular cell type in use.
  • the present disclosure relates to engineered FGF2 molecules with increased thermostability compared to the wild-type protein.
  • the disclosure provides a characterization of the engineered molecules, a demonstration of the effect of the engineered mutations on the thermostability of the protein, and methods for using the proteins in the culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • ES embryonic stem
  • FGF2 is naturally expressed at very low levels it is very difficult to isolate significant quantities from animal tissues. Therefore, most commercially available FGF2 is a recombinant protein expressed in E. coli , which typically yields approximately 1-10 mg of FGF2 per liter E. coli cell culture. However, FGF2 expressed in E. coli and other bacterial systems localizes to inclusion bodies, requiring renaturation of the protein after purification. See Gasparian M E, et al. (2009) Biochemistry ( Moscow ) 74:221-225. The solubility and activity of E. coli -expressed FGF2 is however improved by substituting the cysteine residues at positions 78 and 96 with serine residues, which does not compromise the structural stability of the protein.
  • mutant FGF2 proteins with increased thermostability compared to the wild-type protein and methods of using the same in the culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • ES embryonic stem
  • Human FGF2 shares more than 90% amino acid sequence identity with other mammalian FGF2 proteins. To identify target residues for improving its thermostability, multiple sequence alignments of human fibroblast growth factor members were studied using the Clustral algorithm. The analysis identified a number of conserved regions in fibroblast growth factor amino acid sequences that are potential targets for directed mutagenesis.
  • FGF2 was sub-grouped with FGF1, FGF4, FGF5, and FGF6 according to similarity in protein sequence and identity.
  • FGF1 human acidic fibroblast growth factor-1
  • FGF1 and FGF2 have an N-terminal propeptide and are secreted by unconventional pathways.
  • the proteins have similar crystal structures.
  • FGF4, FGF5, and FGF6 have signal peptides and are conventionally secreted.
  • Zakrzewska, et al. reported the recombinant expression of stable FGF1 mutants that show increased half-life, strong resistance to proteolysis and enhanced mitogenic activity. Zakrzewska M, et al. (2005) J Mol Biol 352:860-875.
  • FGF2 amino acids corresponding to FGF1 Q55, S62, and H108 an amino acid sequence alignment between the two proteins was performed using Clustral W.
  • the corresponding residues in FGF2 were identified as: proline 58, glutamine 65, and asparagine 111.
  • position 58 naturally is a proline, such that it was not necessary to engineer a mutation at this site.
  • the present disclosure relates to an engineered FGF2 with amino acid substitutions at the following positions: Q65, N111, C78, and C96.
  • FGF2 crystal structure (1EV2) these residues are located on the surface of the protein.
  • Three engineered versions of FGF2 were generated and tested for increased thermostability compared to the wild-type protein: 1) the combination of Q65 (polar) to aliphatic hydrophobic residues (L, I, V) and of N111 to small size residues (A, G); 2) the combination (1) plus C96 to more polar residues (S, T) because FGF1 has threonine for the cysteine in FGF2; and 3) the combination (1) plus C78 and C96 to more polar residues (S, T).
  • canonical, or “standard,” amino acids refer to twenty naturally occurring amino acids encoded by sixty-four triplet codons. All but three of those codons encode “sense” amino acids, whilst the three “nonsense” codons signify stop or termination signals. These 20 amino acids can be split into those that have neutral charges, positive charges, and negative charges:
  • Alanine (Ala, A) nonpolar, neutral (GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG);
  • Asparagine (Asn, N) polar, neutral (AAT, AAC);
  • Cysteine (Cys, C) nonpolar, neutral (TGT, TGC);
  • Glutamine (Gln, Q) polar, neutral (CAA, CAG);
  • Glycine (Gly, G) nonpolar, neutral (GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG);
  • Isoleucine (Ile, I) nonpolar, neutral (ATT, ATC, ATA);
  • Leucine (Leu, L) nonpolar, neutral (TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG);
  • Methionine (Met, M) nonpolar, neutral (ATG);
  • Phenylalanine (Phe, F) nonpolar, neutral (TTT, TTC);
  • Proline (Pro, P) nonpolar, neutral (CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG);
  • Serine (Ser, S) polar, neutral (TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC);
  • Threonine (Thr, T) polar, neutral (ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG);
  • TGG nonpolar, neutral
  • Tyrosine (Tyr, Y) polar, neutral (TAT, TAC);
  • Valine (Val, V) nonpolar, neutral (GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG);
  • Histidine (His, H) polar, positive (10%) neutral (90%) (CAT, CAC).
  • the “positively” charged amino acids are:
  • Arginine (Arg, R) polar, positive (CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG);
  • Lysine (Lys, K) polar, positive (AAA, AAG).
  • the “negatively” charged amino acids are:
  • Aspartic acid (Asp, D) polar, negative (GAT, GAC); and
  • Glutamic acid (Glu, E) polar, negative (GAA, GAG).
  • the triplets that encode these neutral, positively-, and negatively-charged amino acids can be engineered into an FGF2-encoding polynucleotide as disclosed herein u to create novel thermostable FGF2 mutants.
  • the engineered plasmid which contains the mutated FGF2 polynucleotide coding sequence can be easily transfected into human cells and expressed either in cells that are, or are not, adapted to growth in serum-free suspension culture. See, for instance, the methods and materials described in PCT/US2009/036975, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • FGF2-expressing human cells can be cultured in serum-free media for 7 days before harvesting for purification. Methods for purifying proteins from cell culture are well known, such as by using appropriately equilibrated DEAE columns onto which various fractions of the culture are loaded and subsequently eluted.
  • the expression level of the recombinant FGF2 mutant protein can be readily analyzed, such as by SDS-PAGE Coomassie staining and Western blotting.
  • QNCm Q65I+N111G+C96S
  • one method may entail storing E. coli -expressed wild-type FGF2 and human cell-expressed FGF2 mutants at minus-80° C., at 37° C., and at 37° C. for various periods of time in serum-free culture medium. Afterwards, the FGF2 proteins can be assayed for their stability by monitoring their ability to stimulate 3T3 cell proliferation. See the Examples below on exemplary methods and materials for performing a 3T3 cell proliferation stability assay.
  • the present compositions comprise full-length FGF2 bearing amino acid substitutions that increase its thermostability compared to the wild-type protein.
  • Amino acid substitutions may be introduced into a protein through molecular biology techniques known in the art, such as by PCR-mediated mutagenesis.
  • Recombinant proteins bay be expressed in a variety of cell systems, including but not limited to bacterial and mammalian systems, using expression vectors and culture conditions appropriate to the cell type. Recombinant proteins expressed in these cells can be purified and characterized according to methods known in the art.
  • the present compositions comprise full-length FGF2 bearing at least on amino acid substitution.
  • the substitutions are selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the composition comprises a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the composition comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the polypeptide encoded comprises amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • the polypeptide encoded comprises SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the present compositions comprise an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding an engineered FGF2 protein.
  • the vector comprises a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the vector comprises a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the polypeptide expressed from the vector comprises amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • the polypeptide encoded comprises SEQ ID NO:8.
  • the composition comprises the polypeptide variant of SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the composition comprises a polypeptide having at least 85% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2, or a fragment thereof, comprising at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of Q65L, Q65I, Q65V, N111A, N111G, C96S, and C96T.
  • the polypeptide comprises amino acid substitutions Q65I, N111G, and C96S.
  • the polypeptide comprises SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for using engineered FGF2 proteins with increased thermostability compared to the wild-type protein in the culture of ES cells.
  • the superior thermostability and bioactivity of the Q65I+N111G+C96S FGF2 mutant translates to a prolonged period of pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state, compared to ES cells exposed to wild-type FGF2.
  • results disclosed herein show significantly more differentiation in cultures supplemented with wild-type FGF2 than with the 65I+N111G+C96S substituted FGF2 added to a feeder-independent culture. Therefore, stem cell culture with the Q65I+N111G+C96S FGF2 requires less FGF2 supplementation that cultures supplemented with the wild-type protein, which provides a cost savings. In addition, use of the substituted FGF2 reduces the potential for inadvertent contamination of cell cultures by reducing the need for human handling and manipulation of the cultures.
  • the present inventive technology encompasses methods of using thermostable FGF2 mutants, such as the Q65I+N111G+C96S FGF2, in cell culture and for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state.
  • the methods comprise culturing the embryonic stem cells in a feeder-independent culture medium comprising an effective amount of the polypeptide of claim 6 , wherein the effective amount comprises the amount necessary to maintain the cells with an undifferentiated morphology for at least 5 passages.
  • the feeder-independent medium is hESF9, mTeSR1, or STEMPRO®.
  • the effective amount polypeptide is about 1.0 ng/ ⁇ l to about 100 ng/ ⁇ l of culture medium.
  • the embryonic stems cells are human ES cells, mouse ES cells, bovine ES cells, or feline ES cells.
  • the present disclosure also provides methods for maintaining human embryonic stem cells in an undifferentiated state comprising contacting human embryonic stem cells with a an effective amount of a polypeptide comprising SEQ ID NO:8 or SEQ ID NO:4 comprising amino acid substitutions Q56I, N102G, and C87S.
  • the effective amount polypeptide is about 1.0 ng/ ⁇ l to about 100 ng/ ⁇ l of culture medium.
  • FGF2-QNm Q65I, N111G atggcagccgggagcatcaccacgctgcccgccttgcccgaggatggcggcagcggcgcc M A A G S I T T L P A L P E D G G S G A ttcccgcccggccacttcaaggaccccaagcggctgtactgcaaaaacgggggcttcttc F P P G H F K D P K R L Y C K N G G F F ctgcgcatccaccccgacggccgagttgacggggtccgggagaagagcgaccctcacatc L R I H P D G R V D G V R E K S D P H I aagctacaactt ata gcagaagagagaggagttgtgtctatcaaaggagtgtgtgcc
  • QNCm FGF2 was large cultured in serum-free media for 7 days and the conditioned medium was harvested for purification.
  • Harvest culture medium was loaded on DEAE column equilibrated with 10 mM MES (pH 6.0) and FGF2 QNCm fraction was eluted with 10 mM MES (pH 6.0)/600 mM NaCl.
  • FGF2 QNCm fraction from DEAE was next loaded on Heparin column equilibrated with 10 mM MES (pH 6.0) and purified FGF2 QNCm fraction was eluted with 10 mM MES (pH 6.0)/2.0 M NaCl.
  • Culture supernatants and purified proteins were analyzed by western blot using a polyclonal antibody raised against FGF2 ( FIG. 7 ).
  • FGF2 variants The stability and function of FGF2 variants was tested using a cell culture-based assay. Recombinant wild-type FGF2 purified from E. coli and FGF2 QNCm purified from human cells were placed at ⁇ 80° C. for 24 hours, 37° C. for 2 hours, or 37° C. for 24 hours in serum-free culture medium. The proteins were then assayed for the capacity to promote 3T3 cell proliferation.
  • 3T3 cells were resuspended in assay media containing 10% calf serum, and plated at a density of 5,000 cells/100 ml culture (passage 3). After overnight incubation, the media was twice changed to media containing 0.5% calf serum. FGF2 or FGF2 QNCm were added to the cultures at final concentrations of 1 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml and the cells were cultured for an additional 45 hours. Cell proliferation was measured by adding 20 ⁇ l of Promega Substrate Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution Reagent to each well according to manufacturer instructions, and measuring the absorbance at 490 nm. The assay was performed in duplicate. Results are shown in FIG. 8 .
  • FGF2 QNCm showed comparable capacities to promote 3T3 cell proliferation after storage at ⁇ 80° C., or pre-incubation at 37° C. for 2 or 24 hours ( FIG. 8 ).
  • the activity of wild-type FGF2 was reduced to 50% and 10% of the wild-type by pre-incubation for 2 and 24 hours at 37° C., respectively.
  • FGF2 QNCm induced as much as 10-fold more cell proliferation than the wild-type protein, demonstrating that FGF2 QNCm has increased thermostability compared to the wild-type protein.
  • FGF2 QNCm also showed increased thermostability compared to a commercially available wild-type FGF2 protein in the same assay ( FIG. 9 ).
  • mTeSR1 Human embryonic stem cells HUES-6 were feeder independently cultured in mTeSR1 media prepared according to the protocol of Ludwig T E et al. (2006) Nature Methods 3:637. FGF2 was added to 25% the recommended amount, with FGF2 supplementation every 48 hrs rather than every 24 hours as recommended.
  • mTeSR1 is published human pluripotent stem cell culture media that is also sold commercially by Stem Cell Technologies. Reduction of the level and frequency of FGF2 supplementation promoted differentiation and death of the cells, as measured using the mCherry Nanog reporter ( FIG. 10 ). These conditions promote a characteristic loss of stem cells in the central region of the colonies (so called the “donut” effect; FIG. 10C , 10 D), not seen in proliferating cells ( FIG. 10A , 10 B). By contrast, cells supplemented with FGF2QNCm according to the same protocol showed fewer “donut” colonies (Table 1).
  • FGF2QNCm has an increased capacity to maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated state compared to the wild-type protein.
  • This example demonstrates that the methods and compositions of the present disclosure are useful for maintaining ES cells in an undifferentiated state in culture.

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US20150284443A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Miltenyi Biotec Gmbh Fibroblast growth factor muteins with increased activity
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US20220227826A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2022-07-21 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas Engineered fgf1 and fgf2 compositions and methods of use thereof
WO2020023462A1 (fr) * 2018-07-23 2020-01-30 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Supports d'hydrogel synthétiques pour la réparation musculaire
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