US9300189B2 - Fluid-cooled electric machine - Google Patents

Fluid-cooled electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US9300189B2
US9300189B2 US13/812,398 US201113812398A US9300189B2 US 9300189 B2 US9300189 B2 US 9300189B2 US 201113812398 A US201113812398 A US 201113812398A US 9300189 B2 US9300189 B2 US 9300189B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fluid
electric machine
stator
air gap
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US13/812,398
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English (en)
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US20130119830A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Hautz
Klaus Neupert
Martin Obermayr
Martin Stark
Josef Watzinger
Josef Zwack
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OBERMAYR, MARTIN, HAUTZ, RUDOLF, NEUPERT, KLAUS, STARK, MARTIN, WATZINGER, JOSEF, ZWACK, JOSEF
Publication of US20130119830A1 publication Critical patent/US20130119830A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US9300189B2 publication Critical patent/US9300189B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/005—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/10—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium flowing in closed circuit, a part of which is external to the machine casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
    • H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric machine that can be cooled by means of a fluid.
  • a fluid is e.g. an oil, water, a high-density gas or a high-density refrigerant.
  • Various mediums can be used for cooling electric machines. If air is used, the electric machine can be cooled by means of an external ventilator or an integrated ventilator. Electric machines can also be cooled by means of a liquid. Examples of liquids include water or an oil.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the fluid cooling of an electric machine.
  • fluid-filled machines e.g. oil-filled
  • the motor interior can be filled with liquid, in particular oil (e.g. an oil-filled elevator motor).
  • oil e.g. an oil-filled elevator motor
  • the heat is transmitted by convection to the housing of the electric machine via the oil. If the oil is situated in the air gap of the electric machine, hot spots can occur there. This is due in particular to the heat produced by the rotor and high friction losses.
  • a high-density gas can also be used as a fluid instead of the oil.
  • the oil or another cooling liquid or a fluid is conveyed through the motor with the aid of a pump (external or internal).
  • a fluid-filled electric machine which does not have an external pump can have an external or internal cooler.
  • the resulting circulation of the fluid also produces an equalization of the temperature in the total fluid volume.
  • the transport of the fluid and the resulting fluid circuit of the electric machine are caused by its movement. This means that fluid is only actively conveyed (pumped) within the electric machine when the electric machine performs a rotational movement.
  • a heat exchanger can also be integrated in the circuit of the cooling fluid.
  • a conveying action (pumping action) of the fluid can be achieved by means of e.g. centrifugal forces, a helix, a worm or possibly the design of a rotor ridge.
  • the fluid e.g. a liquid
  • the design of an active part of the electric machine relates to e.g. a stator and/or rotor comprising a conical or stepped air gap, a design of the rotor comprising e.g. one or more axial and/or radial cooling channels or a hollow shaft, or also skewed stator slots.
  • the conveyance of the fluid in the electric machine results in an equalization of the fluid temperature, such that boiling of liquid in the air gap can be prevented.
  • a bypass for the return of the fluid in particular oil
  • circulation of the fluid within the electric machine can be achieved without further external devices or auxiliary units, solely by utilizing the rotational movement of the electric machine, wherein a wide diversity of measures can be implemented for this purpose, e.g. in relation to the rotor, the stator, the air gap, etc., in order to achieve a pumping action or conveyance of the fluid in the electric machine.
  • the fluid can be conveyed through the air gap of the electric machine and/or through cooling channels that are arranged axially or radially. Suitable geometries can be used for this purpose, for example, i.e. an axial or radial design of stator or rotor structures, a suitable modification of endplates or the use of a worm.
  • the fluid can be carried into an integrated cooling construction (e.g. hollow ribs). Additionally or alternatively, an external cooler can also be used.
  • a fluid-cooled (in particular oil-cooled) electric machine can be so designed as to comprise a fluid circuit and an integrated pump, wherein a pumping action can be produced by means of a rotational movement of the electric machine.
  • the object of the invention is correspondingly achieved by fluid-cooled electric machines of this type.
  • the pump which is integrated in the electric machine, can be realized using a wide diversity of structural measures.
  • said machine comprises a conical air gap that is filled with fluid.
  • This conical form relative to an axis represents the integrated pump.
  • the conically positioned fluid-filled air gap has a stepped form.
  • the stepped form can be achieved by means of a sequence of laminated cores having different diameters. This means that the rotor and/or stator features core sections that define the steps of the air gap.
  • the stator winding is conically positioned.
  • the conical positioning of the stator winding and the conical embodiment of the air gap it is possible to maintain a constant distance between stator winding and air gap. If the air gap alone is conically positioned within the electric machine and the stator winding is tangential relative to the axis of the electric machine, different distances are produced between air gap and stator winding.
  • said machine comprises one or more radial channels.
  • the radial channels are located in the rotor of the electric machine and are filled with fluid, such that fluid within the radial channel is carried outwards radially by centrifugal forces when the rotor moves.
  • said electric machine comprises one or more spiral structures.
  • Use can be made here of a worm construction or helical construction through which fluid can be transported.
  • This spiral structure is located at the rotor of the electric machine in particular, such that a conveying action can be achieved as a result of a rotational movement of said rotor.
  • Cooling channels or cooling tubes can also be constructed in a spiral form and positioned at the rotor in such a way that fluid can be transported through them.
  • said machine comprises one or more conically positioned channels, these channels being located in or at the rotor of the electric machine in particular.
  • the electric machine can be a synchronous machine or an asynchronous machine. Moreover, it can be embodied as an external-rotor motor or an internal-rotor motor.
  • the rotor comprises a pump or a multiplicity of pump impellers. Fluid is conveyed by means of these impellers as a result of a rotational movement of the rotor. Depending on the embodiment of the impellers, it is then possible to convey fluid radially outwards or radially inwards towards the axis of rotation.
  • pump impellers can be combined such that the pumping action operates radially inwards on a first side of the electric machine and the pumping action occurs radially outwards on another (opposite) side of the electric machine, one side of the electric machine being the driving side and the other side of the electric machine being its driven side, for example.
  • said electric machine comprises stator slots which are skewed and form channels that carry fluid.
  • stator slots which are skewed and form channels that carry fluid.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electric machine comprising a conically positioned air gap
  • FIG. 2 shows an electric machine comprising a conically positioned stator winding
  • FIG. 3 shows an electric machine comprising a stepped air gap
  • FIG. 4 shows an electric machine comprising a radial channel in the rotor
  • FIG. 5 shows an electric machine featuring a spiral structure at the rotor
  • FIG. 6 shows an electric machine comprising pump impellers
  • FIG. 7 shows an electric machine comprising a radial channel in the stator
  • FIG. 8 shows a skewed stator slot
  • FIG. 9 shows a cross section of a cage ring
  • FIG. 10 shows a further cross section of a cage ring
  • FIG. 11 shows a detailed view from FIG. 6 .
  • the illustration according to FIG. 1 shows a partial section through an electric machine 1 .
  • the electric machine 1 comprises a stator 26 and a rotor 27 .
  • An air gap 25 between rotor 27 and stator 26 is conically positioned within the electric machine 1 , such that the distance from the air gap 25 to a shaft 23 changes axially.
  • the electric machine 1 according to FIG. 1 further comprises bearing shells 22 and a hollow rib 20 , wherein fluid, in particular cooling liquid, can be carried thorough the cooling channel 21 in the hollow rib.
  • the circuit of the fluid is illustrated by means of arrows 19 .
  • the fluid is conveyed axially through the electric machine 1 via the air gap 25 and returned via the channel 21 in the cooling rib 20 and a stator channel 32 .
  • the rotor 27 comprises a cage winding 28 .
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the electric machine, which comprises a conically positioned stator winding 24 .
  • the air gap 25 is also conically positioned in FIG. 2 , the distance between air gap and stator winding being constant according to FIG. 2 .
  • the distance between air gap and stator winding differs in an axial direction in FIG. 1 .
  • the illustration according to FIG. 3 shows a stepped lamination of the rotor 27 and the stator 26 .
  • the lamination 29 comprises core sections of identical diameter, wherein the diameters of the core sections differ from each other.
  • the use of stepped forms for the air gap 25 results in a simpler construction of the electric machine in comparison with a continuous change in the diameters of the lamination that is used for rotor and stator.
  • FIG. 4 shows axial cooling channels 30 in the rotor 27 and a radial cooling channel 31 in the rotor 27 .
  • the fluid circulates in these cooling channels and is transported via the air gap 25 into the region of the winding overhang of the stator winding.
  • FIG. 5 shows an electric machine comprising a helical structure 36 on the rotor 27 .
  • the fluid is conveyed through the air gap 25 (as indicated by the arrows 19 ) when the rotor moves.
  • the illustration according to FIG. 6 shows a pump impeller 33 in the region of an input of a cooling channel 30 in the rotor.
  • fluid is carried into the channel 30 when the rotor moves.
  • FIG. 11 shows a detailed view from FIG. 6 , in order that the action and/or position of the pump impellers 33 can be identified more easily.
  • FIG. 7 shows radial cooling channels 31 in both the rotor 27 and the stator 26 .
  • the stator 26 also comprises adjoining axial cooling channels 32 , a novel circulation movement for the fluid can develop from this.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a section through a skewed stator slot 35 , by means of which e.g. oil that is already situated in the air gap 25 is carried through said gap and through the skewed cooling channel when the rotor moves.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show a detail of a cross section of a cage ring 28 .
  • the cage ring 28 according to FIG. 9 has rectangular slots in the region of the outer radius.
  • the cage ring 28 according to FIG. 10 has curved indentations in the region of the outer radius. These slots or indentations represent a type of groove in each case, e.g. a milled groove.
  • both cage rings can therefore be equipped with small grooves (having a height in the millimeter range) on the upper side, thereby resulting in a certain spinning action of the liquid (or fluid) upwards and usefully assisting the circulation in this way.
  • Such a feature could also be provided in the case of the objects as per FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 , wherein grooves are in particular only present on one cage ring here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
US13/812,398 2010-07-28 2011-06-14 Fluid-cooled electric machine Expired - Fee Related US9300189B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010038529 2010-07-28
DE102010038529A DE102010038529A1 (de) 2010-07-28 2010-07-28 Fluidgekühlte elektrische Maschine
DE102010038529.8 2010-07-28
PCT/EP2011/059844 WO2012013412A2 (de) 2010-07-28 2011-06-14 Fluidgekühlte elektrische maschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20130119830A1 US20130119830A1 (en) 2013-05-16
US9300189B2 true US9300189B2 (en) 2016-03-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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US13/812,398 Expired - Fee Related US9300189B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2011-06-14 Fluid-cooled electric machine

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9300189B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2599191A2 (de)
CN (1) CN103026597B (de)
BR (1) BR112013002091A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2806641C (de)
DE (1) DE102010038529A1 (de)
RU (1) RU2543491C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2012013412A2 (de)

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US20180048202A1 (en) * 2015-03-09 2018-02-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Motor rotor, and compressor motor and compressor incorporated with the motor rotor
US10756598B2 (en) 2017-10-02 2020-08-25 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Method and apparatus for cooling a rotor assembly
US11081936B2 (en) * 2015-04-10 2021-08-03 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Wet cavity electric machine
EP4287469A1 (de) * 2022-05-30 2023-12-06 Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Kühlsystem zur effektiven kühlung einer elektrischen maschine eines kraftfahrzeugs
DE102023114588A1 (de) 2022-06-03 2023-12-14 Dana Belgium N.V. Schmiersystem für mehrkanal-drehwelle
US12206291B2 (en) 2021-10-22 2025-01-21 Dana Belgium N.V. Vehicle propulsion unit with electric machine that includes a balancing plate assembly and method for assembling said electric machine
US12208667B2 (en) 2021-10-22 2025-01-28 Dana Belgium N.V. Vehicle propulsion unit with electric machine that includes a balancing plate assembly and method for assembling said electric machine
US12438412B2 (en) * 2022-09-29 2025-10-07 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Rotating electric machine
US12609569B2 (en) * 2022-09-29 2026-04-21 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Rotating electric machine

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US11146133B2 (en) * 2018-08-30 2021-10-12 General Electric Company Electric machine with rotor coolant and lubrication distribution system, and systems and methods of cooling and lubricating an electric machine
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CA2806641C (en) 2016-11-01
US20130119830A1 (en) 2013-05-16
WO2012013412A3 (de) 2012-09-13
DE102010038529A1 (de) 2012-02-02
RU2543491C2 (ru) 2015-03-10
EP2599191A2 (de) 2013-06-05
BR112013002091A2 (pt) 2019-01-08
RU2013108802A (ru) 2014-09-10
CA2806641A1 (en) 2012-02-02
CN103026597A (zh) 2013-04-03
WO2012013412A2 (de) 2012-02-02
CN103026597B (zh) 2016-01-06

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