Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
  • C07D263/26—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with hetero atoms or acyl radicals directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
  • Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a fluorolactone derivative of the formula
• R 1 stands for a hydroxy protecting group
• HCV Hepatitis C Virus
• Object of the present invention was to find a selective and scalable synthesis for the preparation of the fluorolactone of formula I and its acylated derivatives of formula V.
• the process of the present invention comprises the preparation of a fluorolactone derivative of the formula
• A is selected from the chiral moieties
• Ph stands for phenyl to form an aldol adduct of the formula
• hydroxy protecting group used for substituent R 1 refers to any substituents conventionally used to hinder the reactivity of the hydroxy group. Suitable hydroxy protecting groups are described in Green T., “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis”, Chapter 1, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1991, 10-142 and can e.g. be selected from benzyl, acetyl, trimethyl silyl, tert-butyl, tert-butyl dimethyl silyl or dihydropyranyl, but particularly benzyl.
• the wave line “ ” indicates a chiral bond, “ ” or “ ”.
• Step a) requires the reaction of the aldehyde of the formula II with a fluoropropionate derivative of formula III to form an aldol adduct of the formula IV.
• D-glyceraldehyde acetonide is the aldehyde of formula II and commercially available.
• the fluoropropionate derivatives of formula III can be prepared by converting 2-fluoropropionic chloride with e.g. butyl lithium in tetrahydrofuran at temperatures between ⁇ 50° C. and ⁇ 10° C. following the scheme below
• A is selected from the chiral moieties
• the reaction is performed in the presence of a catalyst selected from dibutylboron trifluormethanesulfonate, titanium chloride, titanium(IV) trichloride isopropoxide, titanium isopropoxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium triflate or zinc chloride.
• a catalyst selected from dibutylboron trifluormethanesulfonate, titanium chloride, titanium(IV) trichloride isopropoxide, titanium isopropoxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium triflate or zinc chloride.
• a base such as a tertiary amine selected from 2,6-lutidine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2,5-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, triethyl amine, diisopropylethyl amine, diethylamine, pyridine or 1,6-dimethylpyridine and a suitable organic solvent such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran or methyl isobutylether, or mixtures thereof are present.
• a suitable organic solvent such as methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofur
• a particularly suitable tertiary amine is 2,6-lutidine and a particularly suitable organic solvent is methylene chloride.
• the reaction temperature is usually held between ⁇ 78° C. and 50° C.
• the resulting aldol adduct of formula IV can be obtained from the reaction mixture applying methods known to the skilled in the art, particularly by adding water to the reaction mixture, by separating the organic phase and removing the solvent. Further purification can be achieved by crystallization from a methylene chloride solution with hexane.
• aldol adducts of formula IV are not known in the art and therefore represent particular embodiments of the present invention.
• aldol adducts have the formula
• chiral moiety A is as above and selected from A1, A2 or A3, more particular from A1a, A2a or A3a and even more particular from A3a.
• Step b) requires subjecting to hydrolysis the aldol adduct of formula IV to give the fluorolactone derivative of the formula I.
• the hydrolysis is as a rule performed with an oxidizing agent selected from hydrogen peroxide, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, sodium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate or ethylene oxide in the presence of an alkali hydroxide selected from lithium-, sodium- or potassium hydroxide as base.
• an oxidizing agent selected from hydrogen peroxide, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, sodium hypochlorite, sodium perchlorate or ethylene oxide
• an alkali hydroxide selected from lithium-, sodium- or potassium hydroxide as base.
• Hydrogen peroxide is usually selected as a suitable oxidizing agent and an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide is particularly used as base.
• the hydrolysis is usually performed at reaction temperatures between ⁇ 30° C. and 50° C.
• the chiral amine A-H can be isolated and recovered from the reaction mixture by methods known to the skilled in the art, e.g. in case of the chiral amine A13a by simply filtering it off rom the reaction mixture.
• R 1 stands for a hydroxy protecting group
• the acylation is performed with a suitable acylating agent selected from benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, trimethylsilyl chloride, tert-butyl dimethylsilyl chloride or 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, particularly benzoyl chloride in the presence of a tertiary amine, such as with triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 2,3-lutidine, 2,4-lutidine, 2,5-lutidine, 3,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, pyridine, 1,6-dimethylpyridine or 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene or mixtures thereof, particularly with triethylamine.
• a suitable acylating agent selected from benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride, pivaloyl chloride, trimethylsilyl chloride, tert-butyl dimethylsilyl chlor
• a suitable organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetonitrile, toluene, xylene, methyl isobutylketone, methyl tert-butylether or acetone, but particularly tetrahydrofuran is be present and the reaction temperatures is as a rule maintained between ⁇ 20° C. and 80° C.
• R 1 stands for a hydroxy protecting group
• Suitable hydroxy protecting group R 1 is benzyl, acetyl, trimethyl silyl, tert-butyl, tert-butyl dimethyl silyl or dihydropyranyl, but particularly is benzyl.
• the acylated fluorolactone can be isolated from the reaction mixture applying methods known to the skilled in the art, e.g. by extraction from the reaction mixture with a suitable organic solvent like methyl-tert.butyl ether and by removing the solvent.
• Methyl isobutyl ether 200 ml was charged, followed by addition of water (150 ml) and then the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The layers were separated, the aqueous phase was extracted with methyl tert-butylether (100 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with NaCl solution (150 ml), dried with Na 2 SO 4 (10 g), then filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure until dryness. Boc-L-valine methylester (74.5 g) was obtained as crude product which could directly be used for the subsequent reaction.
• Bromobenzene (158.6 g, 1.0 mol) and THF (500 mL) were charged into a vessel to prepare the bromobenzene/THF solution and filled in a adding funnel.
• Mg (27.1 g, 1.1 mol) and THF (100 mL) were charged into a flask, then 1/10 of the bromobenzene/THF solution and a small granule of I 2 were added and heated to 60° C. to initiate the reaction.
• the remaining bromobenzene/THF solution was charged at such a rate that a gentle refluxing of the reaction mixture could be maintained. Reflux was maintained for another 1 hr, then the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.
• Boc-aminol (96 g, 0.27 mol) and THF (1500 mL) were charged in a vessel and the mixture was cooled to 0° C.
• Potassium tert butoxide (36.3 g, 0.32 mol) was charged in one portion and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hrs.
• the reaction mixture was poured into a 10% NH 4 Cl solution (2000 mL), and stirred for 10 min.
• the solid was filtered off, rinsed with water (4 ⁇ 400 mL) and then dissolved in methanol (500 mL). The solution was heated to reflux for 1 hr, then cooled to 15 ⁇ 20° C., and stirred for 1 hr.
• reaction mixture was warmed to 15 ⁇ 20° C. in 3 hrs., and stirred at 15 ⁇ 20° C. for 60 min.
• 10% NH 4 Cl solution 350 mL was charged and the mixture stirred for 30 min.
• Phases were separated and the aqueous one extracted with methyl tert-butylether (500 mL).
• the combined organic layers were washed with saturated NaCl solution (150 ml).
• the organic phase was dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure to remove the solvents.
• the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride (70 mL) by warming up the mixture then 210 mL hexane was added within 30 min.
• the suspension was cooled to 0° C. in 2 hrs.
• reaction mixture was warmed up to 15 ⁇ 20° C. and stirred at this temperature for 24 hrs.
• the mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 78° C., thereafter, 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-glyceradehyde (54.6 g, 0.42 mol) was added dropwise, while maintaining the reaction temperature at ⁇ 65° C.
• the mixture was warmed up to 0° C. in 5 hrs and stirred at 0° C. for another 1 hr. Water (450 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred for 30 min, then the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (450 ml), dried with Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated at reduced pressure to remove the solvent.
• the wet cake (see above) was taken up in water (375 ml), the mixture was stirred for 30 min, filtered and the filter cake was washed twice with water (100 ml ⁇ 2). The wet cake was dried under vacuum at 50° C. for 24 hrs to get a white solid (35.2 g).
• the organic layer (see above) was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness and the residue was taken up in methanol (25 ml), filtered and washed with methanol (5 ml). The wet cake was dried under vacuum at 50° C. for 24 hrs to give a white solid (6.3 g).
• Phases were separated and to the aqueous phase methyl-tert-butyl ether (100 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. Phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with saturated NaCl solution (100 ml). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 (20 g) filtered and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken up in i-propanol (250 ml) and the mixture was warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 60 min, then cooled down to 0° C. and further stirred for 60 min. The solid was filtered and the wet cake was washed with i-propanol (50 ml) and then dried under vacuum.

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