US964565A - Process of making fatty compounds for use as turkey-red oils. - Google Patents

Process of making fatty compounds for use as turkey-red oils. Download PDF

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US964565A
US964565A US38639107A US1907386391A US964565A US 964565 A US964565 A US 964565A US 38639107 A US38639107 A US 38639107A US 1907386391 A US1907386391 A US 1907386391A US 964565 A US964565 A US 964565A
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oil
acid
oils
fatty
turkey
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US38639107A
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Alexander Schmitz
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/01—Sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/02—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/03—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C07C309/17—Sulfonic acids having sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton containing carboxyl groups bound to the carbon skeleton

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its object the hereinafter described improvement upon the process of manufacturing fatty compounds for use as Turkey red oils described in Tatent No. 861,397 granted July 30, 1907.
  • a mixture of fatty oxy-acid compound and castor oil or other fatty oils or fats has to be heated up to 40-100 C. and cooled back to the room temperature before it is subjected to the sulfonation step.
  • Now I have discovered that a perfect sulfonation of the said mixture can be obtained without previously heating and subsequently recooling the mixture.
  • fatty oxyacid compounds obtained from fatty substances having the character of castor oil, that isto say castor oil itself,'.similar fatty oils, and fats of the vegetable-and animal kingdoms or mixtures of castor oil, or similar fatty oils and fats with other fatty oils, fats or fatty acids, such as oleic acid, olein, ricinolic acid and the like.
  • the substances used of the character of castor oil are intended to be the known subistitutes for castor oil,'in so far as the manufacture of Turkeyred 011s and their substitutes is concerned.
  • Suchsubstances are for instance the following :l. olive oil, almond oil, arachis oil, rape oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, and the like non-drying oils; 2. sunflower oil, linseed oil, hemp oil and the like drying oils; 3. cocoanut oil, palm oil, beef tallow, mutton fat and the like solid oils and fats; 4. free fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, the fatty acid of cotton-seed oil and the like.
  • fatty oxyacid compounds are produced in the usual manner which is as follows: Castor oil or its desired substitute is sulfonated by split up and the sulfuric acid completely dlsengaged from the oil. By this means the oil is rendered completely insoluble in water and, as is known, is transformed into the corresponding fatty oxy-acid compound.
  • the fatty oXy-acid compound being washed thoroughly free from sulfuric acid and dehydrated, is mixed in the mixing vat with castor oil or other similarly acting fatty oils or fats at ordinary temperature.
  • the mixture as it is, that is to say without being previously heated and cooled back to the room temperature, is sulfonated by means of sulfuric acid in the manner usual in the manufacture of Turkey-red oil, and allowed to stand until a sample of-the sulfonation product mixed with some alkali dissolves in hot lime water without separat ing out insoluble lime-soap, forming a limpid iquor.
  • the mixture resulting from the reaction is well washed with pure water or an alkaline water, and allowed to standfor-one or two days, when the oily product, that has collected on the surface is drawn off from the under lye and finally mixed with alkali so proportioned as to produce an acid or a neutral or a basic oil according to requirements.
  • the oily roduct drawn off from the under lye may e transformed into soap by boiling it with an alkali.
  • the process is not limited toany strict mixing proportions between the fatty oxyacid compounds and oil or fat, as such proportions may vary within wide limits (25-7 5 per cent. of fatty oxy-acid compound to 75-25 per cent. of oil or fat).
  • the second sulfonation has the effect of sulfonating both the oxy acid and the oil not sulfonated mixed therewith.
  • the object is to manufacture an oil which shall be soluble in water at the same time presenting hydroxyl groups (HO) for reaction with the alumina or other metallic oxid present in the mordant.
  • the oxy-acid is that component to which the hydroxyl cups are bound. However, this oxy-acid is insoluble in water and therefore it must be sulfonated as well as the oil to be combined therewith which is likewise insoluble in water inthe unsulfonated state.
  • the proportion of oxy-acid depends upon the degree of reactivity or the amount of hydroxyl groups desired by the user of the oil to be present in the latter.
  • the h droxyl groups are split off by the action 0 the metal salt present in the mordant and replaced by the oxid of said salt, for instance, alumina.
  • the metal salt present in the mordant for instance, alumina.
  • the more hydroxyl groups which are replaced by alumina the more color will be deposited upon the fiber, and vice versa. Therefore if deep shades are to be produced, an oil must be used that is correspondingly rich in hydroxyl groups, whereas an 011 less rich in said groups must be used when lighter shades are to be produced.
  • dyers who like to use thinned oils (diluted with much water), whereas others like to operate with concentrated oils.
  • the oils for preparing the thin solution required in the first case must be provided with more hydroxyl group, that is to say, must have a greater pro ortion of oxy acid than the oil employe for preparing the concentrated solutlon of oil in water.
  • each individual dyer desires to have in the oil that percentage of oxy acid which he considers most suited for his purpose and such ercentage as he desires 18 used by the app icant in manufacturin the oil.
  • the percentage of alkali is varied according to the request of the user to be furnished with an acid soap, or a neutral soap or a basic soap. 1
  • Acid oils are used in the operations of dyeing and printing with alizarin colors (Turkey red). .For this purpose so much alkali is added to, or'incorporated into, the oil obtained by the second sulfonation, that it shows a weak acid reaction when tested with litmus-pa er. The special degree of acidity desired y'the user 1s then produced biyiK tire user himself by further addition of a a 1.
  • Neutral oils are principally used in the colors, sulfur colors and the like.
  • Basic oils are added to the dyes used for dyeing wool and half-wool, especially to acid dyes, in order to equalize the coloration and to protect the fibers. They are further used in dyeing cotton and half-silk with basic And in the operation of dressing fabrics with dextrin they are employed as a softening agent. They are prepared by combining with the oil obtained by the sulfonation of the mixture of oxy acid and oil not sulfonated, so much alkali that upon test with an alcoholic solution of phenolphthalein a slightly red coloration is produced.
  • Soaps are used as a brightening agent in dyeing and printing with Turkey red colors and other alizarin colors especially where the. water at disposal is a hard water, because no separation of lime-soap takes place when the improved soaps are dissolved in hard water. They are further made use of in the operation of fulling wool as also for scouring raw silk.
  • a soap for instance, 500 kg. of oxy acid are mixed with 500 kg. of olive oil or another oil, the mixture is sulfonated and allowed to stand until a sample shows it to be perfectly soluble in distilled water to which some alkali has been added. Then the product is washed with water, and allowed to stratify when the under lye is carefully drawn off and the sulfonation product placed in a vessel rovided with a stirrer and intimately mixed therein with 700 liters of a soda lye of 20 B. If upon test with an alcoholic solution of phenolphthalein a slightly red coloration appears, then the soap will be ready, otherwise the addition of soda lye must be continued until the said reaction is obtained.
  • fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils which consists in sulfonating a fatty substance, treating the product with water to obtain an oxy-acid com ound, mixing said oxyacid compound wlth un-sulfonated oil, sulfonating the mixture, allowing it to stand until the proper degree of solubility has been attained, washin allowing the oily product to stand in.or er to stratify, drawing off the product and mixing with alkali.
  • fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils which consists in sulfonating a fatty substance, treating the product with water to obtain an oxy-acid compound, mixing said oxyacid compound with un-sulfonated oil, resulfonating the mixture washing, drawing 03 the product and mixing with alkali.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Description

ALEXANDER SCHMI'IZ, 0F HEERDT, NEAR DUSSELDORF, GERMANY.
EROCESS OF MAKING FATTY GOMPOUNDS FOR USE AS TURKEY-RED OILS.
senses.
lilo Drawing.
Specification of Zetters 2atent.
Application filed July 31, 1907. Serial No. 386,391.
Patented July 19, 1910.
(Specimens) post-office address is Heerdt, near DusseL- dorf, Prussia, German Empire, have invented a new and useful Process of Manufacturing Fatty Compounds for Use as Turkey-Red Oils; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of my invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The present invention has for its object the hereinafter described improvement upon the process of manufacturing fatty compounds for use as Turkey red oils described in Tatent No. 861,397 granted July 30, 1907. According to the above prior process a mixture of fatty oxy-acid compound and castor oil or other fatty oils or fats has to be heated up to 40-100 C. and cooled back to the room temperature before it is subjected to the sulfonation step. Now I have discovered that a perfect sulfonation of the said mixture can be obtained without previously heating and subsequently recooling the mixture. This discovery is of great practical importance for the reason that, as any expert will at once admit, the heating of the fatty mixture is a troublesome operation requiring careful watching by an ex erienced man; moreover, the consumption 0 fuel and the heating appliances needed involve corresponding expenses whereby the product is rendered more costly. It is by the application of. my said new discovery that l have succeeded in getting rid of these inconveniences without doing harm to the specific peculiarities of the product nor reducing the yield of the process.
In carrying out the improved process 1 proceed as follows: I take fatty oxyacid compounds obtained from fatty substances having the character of castor oil, that isto say castor oil itself,'.similar fatty oils, and fats of the vegetable-and animal kingdoms or mixtures of castor oil, or similar fatty oils and fats with other fatty oils, fats or fatty acids, such as oleic acid, olein, ricinolic acid and the like. v
The substances used of the character of castor oil are intended to be the known subistitutes for castor oil,'in so far as the manufacture of Turkeyred 011s and their substitutes is concerned. Suchsubstances are for instance the following :l. olive oil, almond oil, arachis oil, rape oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, and the like non-drying oils; 2. sunflower oil, linseed oil, hemp oil and the like drying oils; 3. cocoanut oil, palm oil, beef tallow, mutton fat and the like solid oils and fats; 4. free fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, the fatty acid of cotton-seed oil and the like. These fatty oxyacid compounds are produced in the usual manner which is as follows: Castor oil or its desired substitute is sulfonated by split up and the sulfuric acid completely dlsengaged from the oil. By this means the oil is rendered completely insoluble in water and, as is known, is transformed into the corresponding fatty oxy-acid compound.
The fatty oXy-acid compound being washed thoroughly free from sulfuric acid and dehydrated, is mixed in the mixing vat with castor oil or other similarly acting fatty oils or fats at ordinary temperature. The mixture as it is, that is to say without being previously heated and cooled back to the room temperature, is sulfonated by means of sulfuric acid in the manner usual in the manufacture of Turkey-red oil, and allowed to stand until a sample of-the sulfonation product mixed with some alkali dissolves in hot lime water without separat ing out insoluble lime-soap, forming a limpid iquor. When this is obtained, the mixture resulting from the reaction is well washed with pure water or an alkaline water, and allowed to standfor-one or two days, when the oily product, that has collected on the surface is drawn off from the under lye and finally mixed with alkali so proportioned as to produce an acid or a neutral or a basic oil according to requirements. If desired, the oily roduct drawn off from the under lye may e transformed into soap by boiling it with an alkali.
The process is not limited toany strict mixing proportions between the fatty oxyacid compounds and oil or fat, as such proportions may vary within wide limits (25-7 5 per cent. of fatty oxy-acid compound to 75-25 per cent. of oil or fat).
The second sulfonation has the effect of sulfonating both the oxy acid and the oil not sulfonated mixed therewith. The object is to manufacture an oil which shall be soluble in water at the same time presenting hydroxyl groups (HO) for reaction with the alumina or other metallic oxid present in the mordant. The oxy-acid is that component to which the hydroxyl cups are bound. However, this oxy-acid is insoluble in water and therefore it must be sulfonated as well as the oil to be combined therewith which is likewise insoluble in water inthe unsulfonated state. The proportion of oxy-acid depends upon the degree of reactivity or the amount of hydroxyl groups desired by the user of the oil to be present in the latter. The h droxyl groups are split off by the action 0 the metal salt present in the mordant and replaced by the oxid of said salt, for instance, alumina. The more hydroxyl groups which are replaced by alumina, the more color will be deposited upon the fiber, and vice versa. Therefore if deep shades are to be produced, an oil must be used that is correspondingly rich in hydroxyl groups, whereas an 011 less rich in said groups must be used when lighter shades are to be produced. On the other hand there are dyers who like to use thinned oils (diluted with much water), whereas others like to operate with concentrated oils. Now, in order to obtain the same effect the oils for preparing the thin solution required in the first case must be provided with more hydroxyl group, that is to say, must have a greater pro ortion of oxy acid than the oil employe for preparing the concentrated solutlon of oil in water. Thus each individual dyer desires to have in the oil that percentage of oxy acid which he considers most suited for his purpose and such ercentage as he desires 18 used by the app icant in manufacturin the oil. The percentage of alkali is varied according to the request of the user to be furnished with an acid soap, or a neutral soap or a basic soap. 1
Acid oils are used in the operations of dyeing and printing with alizarin colors (Turkey red). .For this purpose so much alkali is added to, or'incorporated into, the oil obtained by the second sulfonation, that it shows a weak acid reaction when tested with litmus-pa er. The special degree of acidity desired y'the user 1s then produced biyiK tire user himself by further addition of a a 1.
Neutral oils are principally used in the colors, sulfur colors and the like.
be totally removed by merely washing with water. They are prepared by combining the oil obtained by the sulfonation of the mixture of oxy-acid and oil not sulfonated with so much alkali that the oil shows a neutral reaction when tested with litmus paper.
Basic oils are added to the dyes used for dyeing wool and half-wool, especially to acid dyes, in order to equalize the coloration and to protect the fibers. They are further used in dyeing cotton and half-silk with basic And in the operation of dressing fabrics with dextrin they are employed as a softening agent. They are prepared by combining with the oil obtained by the sulfonation of the mixture of oxy acid and oil not sulfonated, so much alkali that upon test with an alcoholic solution of phenolphthalein a slightly red coloration is produced.
Soaps are used as a brightening agent in dyeing and printing with Turkey red colors and other alizarin colors especially where the. water at disposal is a hard water, because no separation of lime-soap takes place when the improved soaps are dissolved in hard water. They are further made use of in the operation of fulling wool as also for scouring raw silk.
In order to obtain a soap, for instance, 500 kg. of oxy acid are mixed with 500 kg. of olive oil or another oil, the mixture is sulfonated and allowed to stand until a sample shows it to be perfectly soluble in distilled water to which some alkali has been added. Then the product is washed with water, and allowed to stratify when the under lye is carefully drawn off and the sulfonation product placed in a vessel rovided with a stirrer and intimately mixed therein with 700 liters of a soda lye of 20 B. If upon test with an alcoholic solution of phenolphthalein a slightly red coloration appears, then the soap will be ready, otherwise the addition of soda lye must be continued until the said reaction is obtained.
Having fully described my invention, what Idesire to claim, and secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is
1. The process of making fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils, which consists in sulfonating a fatty substance, treating the product with water to obtain an oxy-acid com ound, mixing said oxyacid compound wlth un-sulfonated oil, sulfonating the mixture, allowing it to stand until the proper degree of solubility has been attained, washin allowing the oily product to stand in.or er to stratify, drawing off the product and mixing with alkali.
2. The process of making fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils, which consists in sulfonating a fatty substance, treating the product with water to obtain an oxy-acid compound, mixing said oxyacid compound with un-sulfonated oil, resulfonating the mixture washing, drawing 03 the product and mixing with alkali.
3. The process of making fatty compounds for use as Turkey-red oils, which consists in sulfonating castor-oil, treating the product with water to obtain an oxyacid compound, mixing said oxy-acid compound with un-sulfonated oil, sulfonating the mixture, allowing it to stand until the proper degree of solubility has been attained, washing, allowing the oily product to stand in order to stratify, drawing ofi" the product and mixing with alkali.
4. The process of making fatty com pounds for use as Turkey-red oils, which consists in sulfonating castor-oil, treating the product with water to obtain an oxyacid compound, mixing said oxy-acid compound with un-sulfonated oil, resulfonatin the mixture,'washing, drawing ofi the prod not and mixing with an alkah.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.
ALEXANDER SCHMITZ.
Witnesses M. ENGELS, ALFRED POHLMEYER.
US38639107A 1907-07-31 1907-07-31 Process of making fatty compounds for use as turkey-red oils. Expired - Lifetime US964565A (en)

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