USPP1994P - dalton - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 6, 1960 W. M. DALTON APPLE TREE Filed Feb. 2, 1960 Plant Pat. 1,994

A T TORNE YS' United States Patent M APPLE'TREE I WillMills Daltomdeceased, late of Hendersonville, N.C., by'twilliam E'dward Dalton, administrator, c.t.a., Rt. 2, Hendersonville,"N.C., assignor, .by mesne assignments, itosaid-"William Edward Dalton AFiledI Feb. 2, 1'960,.Ser.No. 6,332

fliheppresent invention-:relates to a new and distinct 15 variety-of apple tree which .was originated by the late rWill -Mills Dalton, deceased,-.by crossing an unnamed -and unpatented seedlingof unknown parentage with the varieties Red *Delicious (unpatented) and KingDavid (unpatented) respectively.

.-While growing a number of different standard apple varieties on-his.cultivated orchard property near Hendersonville, North Carolina, -said-WillMills Dalton, -deceased, found an unusual seedling-in this orchard which differed greatly from any other varieties being grown therein, as evidenced by thefact that the new seedling bore striped fruit of pale color, but of unusually large size-the size being approximately twice that of the fruit of the other adjacent standard varieties. The fruit of the new seedling was found to have a distinctive good flavor and superior keeping qualities, but its color was not considered sufliciently attractive to make it worthy of commercial use. He thereupon understook to improve the fruit of the original seedling by crossing it with two other varieties, as indicated above, and this resulted in the achievement of a new variety having improved fruit of good dark red color, entirely different from the fruit of the original seedling, combined with other desirable characteristics which represent a unique combination definitely differentiating the new variety from its parents, as well as from all other varieties of which he was aware. The outstanding features of this new combination are briefly described as follows:

( 1) A semi-dwarf and open habit of tree growth;

(2) A habit of branch scaffolding at intervals of from 1 /2 to 3 feet, with consequent need of little or no P (3) A late-blooming habiteven later than Rome Beauty (unpatented), with consequent minimization of the likelihood of being subject to damage by frost;

(4) Extra-large size of the fruitaveraging approximately 4 inches in diameter;

(5) A ripening season approximating that of Rome Beauty;

(6) A sub-acid fruit flavor;

(7) A dark red fruit color somewhat resembling that of Double Red Stayman (unpatented); and

(8) Good scab resistance of both the foliage and fruit as compared with other varieties grown in the same orchard under the same cultural conditions, near Hendersonville, North Carolina, and in which all other varieties were heavily infested with scab.

Asexual reproduction of the new variety, as performed by grafting, at Hendersonville, North Carolina, shows that the foregoing characteristics and distinctions come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding propagations.

The accompanying drawing shows typical specimens of the foliage and fruit of the new variety as depicted in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make the same in a color illustration of this character, certain of said specimens depicting both exterior and Plant Pat. 1,994 'Patented -D i 1960 "cross-sectional -views of theyfruit, aswell 'as both the upper and lower surfaces of specimen leaves.

7 The following is adetailed'description of the new variety, with color terminology in accordance with Maerz 5 and Paul Dictionary of Color, except where general color terms-of ordinary dictionary significance-are-obvious, as based upon observations-made fromjspecime'nsgro-wn at Hendersonville, North Carolina:

age Red Delicious King David. 1

Dates of first and .lastpickings: AboutSeptember 20 and about October 5, respectively; usually. ripens with Rome Beauty. I

Treez-Medium size; medium vigor; spreading; low; opentopped; hardy; very productive; regular bearer; slowgrowing.

Truck.-Medium stockiness; smooth.

10 Parentage: An unnamed seedling of. unknown parent Branches.Medium thickness; .smooth; littlebranched. Color: old woodGreenish Brown, Plate 16-9E; new woodReddish Brown, Plate Lenticels.-Few; large.

.LeaveafiSize medium. Lengthabout 4 inches.

Width:about .3 inches, .Shapeoval; abruptly pointed; medium thickness; smooth. Colorzupper side-Green, Plate 2l-7E; under -sicleFern Green, Plate 21-5F. Margincrenate; coarsely serrate. Petiole-long (about 1% inches); thick.

Flowers: Late, as compared with other varieties.

Date of first and full bl00m.About April 25 and May 4, respectively.

Size.Small.

C0l0r.-Pink, Plate 50-E4.

Fruit:

Maturity when described.Eatingripe (about November 19).

Size-Uniform. axial diameter-about 3% inches.

Transverse diameterabout 4 inches.

49 F0rm.Uniform; symmetrical; regular; compressed laterally; truncate at base.

Cavity.-Symmetrical; flaring toward apex; evenly furrowed; pubescent toward apex. Depthf-rom about /2 inch to about inch. Breadth-from about 1% inches to about 1 /2 inches.

Markings.Slightly streaked toward apex.

Basin.-Symmetrical; rounded; flaring; wide base;

evenly furrowed; glabrous.

Stem.Clubbed; tout; pubescent; bracts wanting. Length-from about inch to about inch. Calyx.Open. Segments-persistent; broadly lanceolate; about inch long; separated; approximate at base; prostrate; refiexed at apex. Outer surface-pubescent. Inner surfaceglabrous.

Eye-Medium size; partially closed.

Skin.Medium thickness; tough; smooth; glossy;

waxed. Dots-conspicuous; few; small; even; oblong; colorbrown; distribution-more toward base. Ground colorGreenish Yellow, Plate 10- Hl. Color markings-splashed; Garnet Red and 60 Wild Strawberry, Plate 6-K6.

Bl0om.Scant.

Scarfskin.--Gray-white.

bution at cavity.

General color efiect.Dark red.

Flesh.Rather juicy. Colorsatiny white, with yellowish tint. Texture-firm; crisp. Flavor subacid; rich. Aromawanting. Quality-good.

Cora-Median; distant. Bundle area-rnedium 70 size; broadly ovate; symmetrical; acute at base.

Halves of coreequal. Bundles: color-yellowish. Alternate bundlesapproximate to calyx Distributionlight distri- Seeds:

' tube; reaches tube above stamens.

meeting; distinct in cross section. Carpellary areadistinct; small. Calyx tube-pubescent toward apex; funnel form. Funnel stemlong. Depth of tube to shoulderabout /1. inch; entire depth-about 1% inches.

Styles.--Present; united toward base; pubescent at point of branching.

Stamens.ln one distinct whorl; basal.

Seed cells.Axile; open. Cell walls-approximate;

thin; tough; lengthabout /3 inch; breadth about inch; longitudinal sectionbroadly ovate; mucronate at apex. Surface-smooth. Cross section-broad.

Core lines Number.l perfect; none imperfect; no more than 2 per cell.

Length-About inch.

Breadth.-From about 1 inch to about inch.

F0rm.-Acuminate.

Color.Brown-chocolate, Plate 8-1-110.

Use: Market; local; dessert; culinary.

Keeping quality: Good (about 120 days in ordinary common storage).

Disease resistance: Good resistance to scab, as determined by comparison with other varieties grown under the same cultural conditions at Hendersonville, North Carolina; neither fruit nor leaves have shown any evidence of scab even when prevalent in other varieties growing in same orchard.

General observations: The tree of the new variety compares more closely with that of the variety Wolf River" (unpatented). It spreads out, but is not as thick or dense as Wolf River and it grows slower and never gets as large. At maturity, the tree is about /3 as large as the varieties Stayman (unpatented) or Delicious" (unpatented). The limbs require little or no pruning because of their habit of scaffolding at relatively close intervals. The blooms of the new variety commence about 10 days later than Delicious," or from about 5 to 7 days later than Rome Beauty, and they are apparently self-pollinating because all other varieties have dropped their blooms at that time. The fruit resembles Double Red Stayman more in appearance and color, but it grows larger than most varieties, and ripens with Rome Beauty.

He claims:

A new and distinct variety of apple tree, substantially as herein shown and described, characterized particularly as to novelty by the unique combination of a semi-dwarf and open habit of tree growth, a habit of branch scaffolding at relatively close intervals with consequent need of little of no pruning, a relatively late blooming habit, extra-large size of the fruit, a ripening season approximating that of Rome Beauty (unpatented), a subacid fruit flavor, dark red fruit color somewhat resembling that of Double Red Stayman (unpatented), and good scab resistance of both the fruit and foliage.

No references cited.

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