Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03D—WIND MOTORS
  • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
  • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
  • F03D3/007—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical using the Magnus effect
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
  • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for wind energy use, in which a cylindrical rotor is rotated about its longitudinal axis and thus a circulation flow is generated around it, so that a flow field is formed around the surface of the rotor, which is composed of the incoming wind and the circulation flow.
• A. FLETTNER it is known to provide vertical rotors on an object that is movable relative to the wind and to set them in rotation. Due to the fiagnus effect, a force arises that runs transversely, i.e. at an angle of 90 ° to the direction of the incoming wind, and moves the object accordingly.
• Such rotors were used for the propulsion of ships in the years 1924 to 1926.
• the invention is concerned with a different use of wind energy, namely with its conversion into electrical energy with the aid of a turbine driven by the wind.
• Various designs of wind turbines or arrangements based on the propeller principle are known, which in principle suffer from two defects.
• the maximum energy utilization of the wind according to the optimal power factor of A. BETZ is only approx. 60% of the wind energy. A large part of this is consumed by vortex formation, so that the efficiency of such systems is quite low.
• the second disadvantage arises that such constructions must have very large dimensions in order to achieve a usable energy output at all. This requires corresponding costs and is increasingly encountering resistance from the population, since such large wind turbines impair the landscape.
• the invention has for its object to provide an improved utilization of the energy of the incoming wind for the purpose of generating mechanical or electrical energy.
• the rotor is combined with a vertical turbine used to generate electrical energy so that the turbine blades are coaxial with the rotor in its flow field and there the same direction of rotation as that Maintain rotor and that the flow field is used to build up a negative pressure of the type that the negative pressure on this side of the rotor accelerates the incoming wind.
• a relatively strong negative pressure on the negative pressure side of the approximately hollow cylindrical flow field is used to produce a tangential movement.
• On the side where the rotor rotation and wind have the same direction there is a strong pressure drop in the direction of flow.
• the incoming wind is deflected by the rotor in the direction of the circulation flow.
• the speeds of the circulation flow v z and the wind flow v o thus initially add up on this deflection side (equal to the negative pressure side) of the rotor.
• the speed of rotation of the rotor can be controlled synchronously according to the prevailing inflow speed of the wind via a wind meter so that the speed of the circulation flow in the vacuum zone or side of the flow field of the rotor is kept at higher values than the speed of the incoming wind, preferably the speed of the circulation flow is about 2 to 4 times as large as the speed of the incoming wind.
• the invention further relates to a device for performing the method, which should be as compact as possible and at the same time effective.
• the invention first provides that a rotor and a vertical turbine provided with vanes are rotatably mounted concentrically to one another in a carrier, a carrier plate or the like, a drive for rotating the rotor and an output of the energy of the turbine being provided, and preferably that The blades of the vertical turbine have a higher drag coefficient on their side facing the incoming wind in the negative pressure zone or side of the flow field of the rotor than on their other side, which faces the incoming wind in the positive pressure zone or side of the flow field.
• Such an arrangement meets the aforementioned requirements. This not only reduces the manufacturing costs, but also has the further advantage that, due to their compactness, such devices take up little space there after they have been installed outdoors, that is to say they do not interfere and also hardly impair the visual appearance of the landscape. Due to the preferred feature that the two sides of the turbine blades are different Resistance coefficients in the corresponding relation to the incoming wind on the negative pressure side or the positive pressure side of the rotor, the efficiency of the system is further increased. Such a configuration of the turbine blades is known per se, but not in connection with the present invention.
• the invention further provides that the rotor and the vertical turbine are fixed against a translational movement transverse to the incoming wind. This can be done by means of the aforementioned carrier, the carrier plate or the like.
• the turbine blades can be half-tubes, possibly inclined half-tubes (for the purpose of buoyancy) or DARRIEUS blades.
• a DARRIEUS wing is a wing with the cross-sectional profile of an airplane wing, which also has different drag coefficients in the above sense depending on the direction of the wind.
• the width of the turbine blades be adapted to the usable thickness of the flow field, which is approximately equal to half the radius r / 2 of the rotor.
• the area of the hollow cylindrical flow field in which the invention is primarily effective is thus optimally used. An extension of the turbine blades over this area in
• Radial outward direction does not result in a noteworthy increase in energy exploitation with the same radius of the rotor. It can further be provided according to the invention that blades of the vertical turbine rotate in two or more paths of different path radii in the flow field. This represents a further variant of the invention, which is recommended above all when using rotors with larger radii.
• wings of a certain cross-sectional shape can run on one path and wings of another cross-sectional farm on the other path.
• the desired increase in the speed of the rotor finds its limit where the air layer of the flow field begins to detach from the cylindrical rotor surface.
• measures are provided which bring the circulating flow to the rotor surface for a longer period of time .
• a double jacket is provided, the cylindrical inner jacket of which is formed by the cylindrical surface of the rotor. Spacers are used to connect concentrically cylindrical and spaced outer / outer shells that are perforated or mesh-like.
• cylindrical surface of the rotor is enlarged by disc rings or transverse curvatures running in the circumferential direction.
• the cylindrical surface of the rotor and / or the inner surface of the casing and / or the disk rings or transverse curvatures have roughened surfaces.
• FIG. 2 shows a graphical representation of the course of the strength of various circulation flows in radial extension
• FIG. 2a shows the achievable performance of the air flow as a function of v z
• FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention in side view
• FIG. 4 shows a cross section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
• FIG. 5 shows a further variant of the invention in plan view
• FIG. 6 shows a further variant of the invention in a partial representation
• FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the invention in longitudinal section
• FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the invention in plan view
• FIGS. 9 and 10 show two possible embodiments of rotors according to the invention in longitudinal section, but for the sake of simplifying the drawing without showing the turbines.
• FIG. 1 A cylindrical rotor 1, which in practice will be a hollow cylinder for reasons of weight, is driven around its perpendicular axis 2 by a drive 3, which is only indicated schematically , 4 driven in the direction of rotation 5. This results in a peripheral speed v u on the cylindrical surface 6 of the rotor 1 in the direction of rotation according to arrow 5.
• the wind flow is shown by lines running from left to right in FIG. 1, a reduction in the distance between these wind flow lines indicating that the wind speed increases there.
• the wind direction is indicated by arrows.
• the wind is blowing at the speed v o .
• the rotor 1 is divided into eight sectors a to h for a better understanding of the explanations below, of which the sectors a, b, c, d and e are essentially the same
• the negative pressure side and the sectors f, g and h essentially represent the positive pressure side, with the sectors a and e forming transition regions.
• equation (2) for sectors f, g and sometimes also h remains. It is understood that the values in Table 1 change when the ratio v u / v o becomes different than that assumed for equation (3).
• the regulation for this is the velocity v z of the circulation flow. It initially depends linearly on the peripheral speed v u of the rotor 1 on its cylinder jacket and also on the surface roughness of the cylinder jacket and possible enlargement of the surface of the cylinder jacket. This will be discussed in more detail later.
• the rotor 1 is arranged coaxially to a turbine (see FIG. 3), which is also only shown schematically, and from the turbine blades 7, the connecting parts 9 (FIG. 4) shown in broken lines to a central axis 10 and the output 11 of this turbine there is an electrical generator 12 (see also FIG. 3).
• Rotor 1 and turbine run at different speeds, but in the same direction of rotation. It can be seen that the turbine blades located on the negative pressure side are subjected to greater wind energy than the blades located on the positive pressure side due to the increased wind speed there. With the same profile area, about 10 times the wind energy yield is achieved compared to normal wind turbines or propeller wheels. Details are given at the end of the description. As mentioned, this is a vertical turbine. Vertical is related to the position of the turbine axis to the horizontal.
• Fig. 3 shows an anemometer 13, by means of which - via electrical circuits - the rotary drive is controlled in such a way that the rotational speed v u of the rotor 1 reaches values in synchronization with the prevailing inflow velocity v o of the wind such that the circulation speed v z is greater as v o .
• the speed of the circulation flow in the flow field around the rotating rotor should be so high that it is at least 2 to 4 times greater than the speed v o of the incoming wind. Only then does a correspondingly high v s result according to equation (4).
• the blades 7 'and 7" of the respective turbine have accordingly This preferred embodiment of the invention has a higher drag coefficient on its side facing the incoming wind 14 in the negative pressure region of the flow field of the rotor than on its other side, which faces the incoming wind in the positive pressure region of the flow field.
• the half-tubes 7 "can be inclined so that the wind 14 flows against them so that the turbine blades receive a lift.
• a strong surface roughness results in a turbulent boundary layer, which, in contrast to the laminar boundary layer, largely prevents the flow from detaching when the Reynolds numbers are otherwise too low.
• This can be done by roughening the cylindrical surface (jacket) of the rotor.
• FIG. 8 A particularly preferred and advantageous embodiment is shown in FIG. 8.
• a cylindrical double jacket is provided.
• the inner jacket is from the surface of the Rotor 1 formed, while the outer jacket is numbered 15. Both coats are held concentrically to one another by spacers 16, which can be circular.
• the outer jacket 15 is provided with openings 17 or is formed like a net. Its inner wall is as roughened as the surface of the rotor 1.
• the boundary layer in the cylindrical chamber 18 between the two shells cannot be detached so easily.
• the curves a), b), c) and d) in FIG. 2 correspond to this.
• the configuration of the rotor according to case c) is shown in FIG 9, 10, wherein in the circumferential direction of the rotor 1 either disc rings 19 or transverse bulges 20 made from the material of the rotor are provided, which enlarge the surface of the rotor. These are also preferably roughened (see items 19 ', 20'). The other roughenings look similar. In all of this, care must be taken to ensure that as little eddy formation as possible occurs in the flow field, in particular adjacent to the rotor jacket surface.
• Fig. 8 shows that, in particular in the presence of an outer cylinder jacket 15 and with the formation of a cylindrical cavity 18, differently shaped turbine blades 7 'and 7 "can be provided, the blades 7' on a different, smaller radius around the axis 10 revolve as the wings 7 ".
• the number of lanes can also be greater than two.
• end disks 21 on the upper side which, if necessary, can also be provided on the underside and prevent air from being sucked into the flow field from above and from below, which would reduce the desired effect, as this would result in the desired negative pressure would be partially filled out.
• the spacers being designed in the form of a ring.
• the ratio of the hole size to the webs between the holes is 5: 1.
• the increasing velocities v. Linear on the abscissa z of the circulatory flow are plotted. 1 m 2 is assumed as the profile area of the power zone. In order to eliminate disturbing vibrations, it is advisable, on the one hand, to enlarge the rotor diameter and manufacture it from weather-resistant plastic.
• the blades of the vertical turbine consist of a light plastic. Both plastics are said to be weather-resistant. Not only does this advantageously result in the desired weight reduction compared to metal designs, but also a further reduction in manufacturing costs. With this proposal of the invention, the bearing friction of the rotor and the vertical turbine are reduced.
• A profile area of the turbine in m 2
• the power is calculated according to (9).
• the speed of rotation of the rotor is regulated by an electric motor 3, which (see above) is electronically controlled via the cup cross anemometer 13 in synchronism with the inflow speed of the wind.
• the decrease in energy through the blades of the vertical turbine corresponds to the difference in kinetic energies at velocities v s and v s 0.625 v o in the flow field.
• the energy delivered therefore comes from the acceleration of the wind on the negative pressure side of the flow field from vo to 2.5 v o and thus from the converted pressure energy that caused this acceleration.
• the decrease in energy causes the wind flow to emerge earlier from the negative pressure side of the flow field, as a result of which the streamlines expand and the ratio v 2 / v o approaches 0.5.
• ca is larger than c w , which is the case with DARRIEUS sashes and with inclined half-tubes (see Fig. 5).
• a vertical turbine with a rotor according to the invention is hardly endangered by cyclones due to its design and compactness (a disadvantage which is the main problem in all wind turbines). Since the energy yield of the low wind speeds (2 - 4 m / sec) is particularly productive, Arrangements according to the invention are also of interest for weak wind areas or for areas which have alternating strong and weak winds.
• the economic use of the energy obtained with the invention lies in the generation of electricity both three-phase current, alternating current and, in particular, direct current.
• a recalculation shows that including the production costs and their amortization, even in weak wind areas, an arrangement according to the invention provides the kW-hour much cheaper than is possible with conventional power plants.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

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Citations (8)

• 1983
  • 1983-02-05 DE DE19833303898 patent/DE3303898C2/de not_active Expired
• 1984
  • 1984-02-03 AU AU24940/84A patent/AU2494084A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1984-02-03 EP EP19840900723 patent/EP0163646A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-02-03 WO PCT/EP1984/000026 patent/WO1984003125A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 1984-10-05 DK DK477984A patent/DK477984A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (8)

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