WO1987000702A1 - Alimentation electrique de reserve - Google Patents

Alimentation electrique de reserve Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987000702A1
WO1987000702A1 PCT/AU1986/000210 AU8600210W WO8700702A1 WO 1987000702 A1 WO1987000702 A1 WO 1987000702A1 AU 8600210 W AU8600210 W AU 8600210W WO 8700702 A1 WO8700702 A1 WO 8700702A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mains
supply
battery
circuit
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1986/000210
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English (en)
Inventor
James Macgregor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1987000702A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987000702A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrical distribution mains auxiliary device which is primarily used as a means of providing an alternating current supply when the power from the mains fails.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a less expensive and more efficient device for providing a substitute ac supply during mains failure, with respect to previous devices used for this purpose.
  • an electrical distribution mains auxxliary device for an apparatus normally powered by an electric mains supply comprising:
  • monitoring means for determing when a fault condition occurs in a mains supply
  • converting means for converting a direct current input to an alternating current supply which is substantially equivalent to the mains supply
  • switching means responsive to said monitoring means which, in use, when a fault condition has occurred, switches the input to the apparatus from the mains supply to the alternating current supply provided by the converting means, and when the fault condition no longer exists switches the input to the apparatus back from the alternating current supply provided by the converting means to the mains supply.
  • said mains auxiliary device further comprises protection means which disables the device and activates an alarm, on detection of predetermined conditions.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an auxiliary device in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a mains failure and switch over unit of the device
  • Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of an inserting circuit of the device
  • Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a shutdown and alarm circuit of the device
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of an indicator circuit of the device
  • Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of a battery charger of the device
  • Figure 7 is a first waveform diagram; and Figure 8 is a second waveform diagram.-
  • the electrical distribution mains auxiliary device as shown in Figure 1 comprises a mains .failure and switch over unit 1, an inverting unit 4, an emergency shut down and alarm unit 6, a battery 7 and a battery charger 8.
  • the switch over unit 1 constantly monitors the mains supply voltage on a mains input line 2.
  • the mains voltage is then outputted from the unit 1 via an output line 3 to an apparatus (not shown) connected to a three pin socket 24. If the mains voltage is determined to be too low or too high for a set period of time the mains failure sensor and switch over unit 1 will switch the source of the output on line 3 from the mains supply 2 to an ac voltage generated by an inverting unit 4.
  • the inverting unit 4 converts a 12V dc voltage provided by the battery 7 to a 240V ac voltage, which is equivalent to the mains supply voltage.
  • the AC voltage generated by the inverting unit 4 is a square wave which contains only lower frequency harmonics or, alternatively, is a sinusoidal wave comprising a number of super-imposed low frequency harmonics.
  • a voltage waveform 500 generated by the inverting unit 4 is shown n Figure 7.
  • the output of the inverting unit 4 is coupled to the mains failure sensor and switch over unit 1 via a supply line 5.
  • Power to the units 1, 4 and 6 is provided by the battery 7 which is recharged whenever the mains are operational by the battery charger 8 . .
  • the emergency shut-down and " alarm unit 6 _ is arranged to short-circuit the input of the unit 6 whenever battery overload occurs. By short-circuiting the input power to the unit 6, the mains failure sensor and switch over unit 1 is disconnected.
  • the circuit layout of the mains failure sensor and switch over unit 1 is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the unit 1 monitors the mains voltage using a 1VA 240V:12V transformer 10.
  • the secondary 12V winding is connected to a bridge rectifier 11 having four diodes.
  • the output of the rectifier 11 is connected in series with the contact of a relay 152.
  • the contact of the relay 152 is closed whenever power is applied to the mains failure sensor and switchover unit 1.
  • the relay 152 disconnects the sensing circuitry, described below, of the unit 1 from the transformer when power is not supplied to the unit 1 so as to prevent any over voltage from damaging NAND gates 16, 17 and 18 of the unit.
  • a zenerdiode 154 is provided in parallel with the output of the bridge rectifier 11 in order to provide further overvoltage protection for the gates 16, 17 and 18.
  • the output of the rectifier 11 is filtered by a shunt capacitor 12 and a combination of resistances 156 which give rise to a ripple voltage waveform 502, as shown in- Figure 8.
  • the decay constant associated with each period of the ripple voltage is determined by the resitors 156.
  • the ripple voltage is applied to two potentiometers 14 and 15.
  • the wipers of the potentiometers 14 and 15 are adjusted so as to give " signals which indicate when the ripple voltage is either too low or too high respectively.
  • the wiper of potentiometer 14 supplies a "high” signal to the inpu of the NAND gate 16 while the wiper of potentiometer 15 supplies a "low” signal to the input of the NAND gate 17. This ensures that the output of the NAND gate 18 connected to the other two gates remains “high".
  • the output of the NAND gate 18 will go "low” and trigger an LM555 timer 19.
  • the timer 19 is set up so that it will function in a monostable mode.
  • the resistance 20 and the capacitance 21 connected to the timer 19 are such that when the timer 19 is triggered at its input T2, the timer will output a 6 volt pulse of duration 0.7 seconds minimum to two normally activated open relays 22 and 23, which upon deactivation due to zero potential will close for the duration of the pulse.
  • the duration of the pulse ends, after a minimum of 0.7 seconds, when the input T2 of the timer 19 returns to a "high" voltage. This condition will only occur when the mains voltage reverts to a normal level and is not too high or too low as determined by the mains failure sensor and switch over unit 1.
  • the unit 1 includes a delay circuit which comprises a resistor 158 connected to the input of the gate 18 and in series with a capacitor 160 and resistors 162, which are connected in parallel and to ground.
  • the delay circuit ensures that the pulses which trigger the timer 19 reach a "low" voltage after a certain period of time, so that if a power failure does not occur but the mains voltage fluctuates between a low level and an acceptable level the timer will not be continuously triggered whenever the voltage is at the low levels, unless the mains voltage remains below the acceptable low level. This is illustrated in Figure 8, where if we assume the low level to be at a certain voltage 504, if the unit 1 did not include the delay circuit then a voltage 506, resulting from the ripple voltage 502, would be inputted to the timer 19.
  • a voltage 508 is inputted, instead and the timer 19 does not produce any output until the ripple voltage is below the level 504 for a certain period of time.
  • a diode 163 is provided between the output of the gate 16 and the input of the gate 18, so as to ensure that the input of the gate 18 remains high for a short period of time when the output of the gate 16 becomes low.
  • Power to the mains failure sensor and switchover unit 1 is provided by the battery 7 through a fuse 30, a thermal overload switch 166 and a manually operable on/off switch 28 in a DC supply line 101.
  • the line 101 also supplies power to other units.
  • the thermal overload switch 166 senses the heat generated by the transistors in the inverting unit 4, described hereafter, and opens if the heat reaches an unacceptable level.
  • a LED 168 is connected in series between two resistors 169 and 171 which are connected between a positive supply and the node 170, respectively which is between the switch 166 and the switch 28, so as to provide an indication when the fuse 30 blows or the switch 166 is opened.
  • An LED 29 coupled to ground and connected to the node of the switch 28 opposite the node 170, provides an indication as to when power is supplied to the failure sensor and switchover unit 1.
  • the relay 22 when deactivated,- connects the dc supply line 101 to output line 100 which supplies power to the inverting unit 4 and the emergency shut down and alarm unit 6.
  • a capacitor 172 is placed in parallel with the relay 22 so as to reduce noise and prevent induced spikes on a DC supply line 102.
  • a diode 174 is placed in parallel with the relay 22 so as to ensure that the voltage at the output of the timer 19 does not exceed that of the supply line 102 by no .more than 0.7 volts.
  • the relay 23 when deactivated, disconnects the mains supply 2 and connects the ac supply voltage generated by the inverting unit 4 to the output line 3, via a low band pass filter 174 and a fuse 27.
  • the band pass filter prevents voltage spikes and noise from appearing on the output line 3.
  • the band pass filter 174 comprises two inductances 178 and 180, each connected in series with output lines 3a and 3b, each node of the inductances 178 and 180.being connected to a capacitor which is connected to ground. Resistances 182 and 184 are connected from the output lines 3a and 3b to ground, respectively, so as to discharge the capacitors.
  • the band pass filter 176 has a 3 dfi cut off point at 2.5 kHz and a 40 dB cut-off point at 20 kHz.
  • a fuse 27, and a resistor 186 connected in series to the input of the band pass filter 176, together with a metal oxide th ristor 188 connected in parallel with the input of. 5 the band pass filter are used to prevent high current and high voltage, respectively, being supplied to an electrical apparatus, such as a computer (not shown) connected to the socket 24.
  • a resistor circuit 190 is connected, as shown in 10 Figure 1, to each of the relay contacts of the relay
  • the relay circuits 190 minimize arcing across the " relay contacts.
  • the dc supply line 101 is connected to the input
  • a voltage regulator 31 which provides a 6V supply for the timer 19 and the emergency shut down and alarm unit 6 on line 102.
  • the 6V supply is also used as the positive supply (vdd) for each of the gates 16, 17 and 18.
  • the inverting unit 4 shown in Figure 3, produces a 240V, 50Hz signal from the 12V dc voltage line 10.
  • the unit 4 includes, oscillator circuit 40 which comprises a 4 MHz quartz crystal oscillator 41.
  • 25 output of the oscillator 41 is connected to five dual 4 bit binary counters 42, 43, 44, 45 and 46.
  • the first four counters divide the frequency by a factor of 10 and the last counter 46 divides the frequency by a factor of 8 so as to produce a 50 Hz signal.
  • circuit 200 is connected to the binary counter 46, so as to provide an indication as to when " the inverter 4 is operating.
  • the circuit 200 connected ' as shown in Figure 3, comprises a transistor 202, a resistor 204 connected to the emitter of the transistor 202 and a LED 206 connected between ground and the resistor 204.
  • Selected outputs from the counters are inputted to a digital circuit 103 which produces two square waves at the outputs A and B which are 180° out of phase and have a duty cycle of approximately 49.5%.
  • the square waves also have a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • the digital circuit 103 comprises three NOR gates 47, 48, 49, three NAND gates 50, 51, 52 and two inverters 53 and 54, connected together as shown.
  • the outputs A and B are each connected to standard driver circuits 60 and 61 which amplify and shape the square waves into a 10V ac signal suitable for supply to an apparatus which normally receives supply from the domestic mains supply.
  • the outputs 104 and 105 of the two driver circuits are connected to opposite ends of the primary winding of a transformer 62.
  • Each driver circuit comprises two pnp transistor amplifier stages 63 and 64 connected via an emitter follower stage 65 to a npn transistor amplifier stage 66. Three transistors operating in parallel in the stage 66 are capable of supplying a • current of 25A R.M.S.
  • a 6A diode 67 is provided at the output of each driver circuit for protection of the transistors in the stage 66 against excessive transients and currents induced in the transformer 62.
  • a capacitor 68 is connected in series such that when the 50 Hz input signal ceases, the driver circuits will no longer operate.
  • the circuit of the unit 4 includes decoupling capacitors 105 connected to the line 100 prior to the binary counters.
  • the positive terminal 106 of the battery 7 is connected to the centre tap of the primary winding of the transformer 62 via three 15A fuses connected in parallel which effectively act as 45A fuse 69.
  • a capacitor 208 is connected in parallel with the secondary winding of the transformer 62 so as to provide filtering and improve the power factor, which enables the inverting to run efficiently on low loads.
  • the emergency shut down and alarm unit 6, illustrated in Figure 4, comprises a battery overload circuit 70.
  • the battery overload circuit 70 monitors the voltage on supply line 10 via a potential divider network which comprises a resistor 72 and a potentiometer 73.
  • the wiper of the potentiometer 73 is set such that when the supply voltage on line 10 is below.11.IV a "high" sigrial is passed from the wiper through an inverting NAND gate 74 to the base of a npn transistor 75.
  • the transistor 75 then connects the 6V supply line 102 to a relay 76.
  • a high signal is passed from the emitter of the transistor 75 via a diode 300 to a line 302 activating the alarm 77 and switching on two LED's 304 and 306, all connected as shown in Figure 4.
  • the LED 306 is connected to the supply line 302 by a diode -308 and is switched on after the LED 304 is switched on.
  • the LED's 304 and 306 and the alarm 75 are all switched on before the relay 80 receives sufficient current closes contact and provided a "battery low” indicator and an “alarm " on” indicator, respectively.
  • the contact of the relay 76 is closed the supply line i01 is short-circuited which blows the fuse 30 and disables the auxiliary device.
  • the alarm is activated whenever contacts of the relays 22 and 23 are opened and a switch 83, connected in series with the line 101 prior to the alarm 77, is provided so that the alarm may be switched off when the switch 83 is open. However, regardless of the state of the switch 83, the alarm 77 will be activated whenever the supply line 101 has a voltage below 11.1 volts.
  • An indicator circuit 71 is connected to the supply line 101 so as to provide an indication by means of an LED 400 as to whether or not the battery 7 is fully charged.
  • the circuit comprises a potentiometer 402, two inverting NAND gates 404 and 406 connected in series, a transistor 410 and a resistor 412 connected to the LED 400, or connected as shown in Figure 5.
  • the LED 400 is switched on whenever the supply on line 101 is below 13.5 volts.
  • the battery charger 8, shown in figure 5, comprises a standard circuit which receives power from the mains 2 via a 240V:18V transformer 90.
  • the secondary of the transformer 90 is connected to a bridge rectifier 91 which supplies a ripple voltage to the input of a voltage regulator network 92.
  • the output of the network 92 is connected to a relay 96.
  • the coil of the relay 96 is connected to the secondary of the transformer 90 via diode 97 and resistor 98, a capacitor 93 being connected in parallel with the operating coil.
  • the arrangement is such that the contacts of the relay connect the output of the network 92 to the battery 7 when the mains supply voltage is present.
  • a LED 94 connected to a resistance 95 which is connected to ground, is provided to indicate when the battery charger 8 is operating.

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif auxiliaire de distribution électrique destiné à fournir une alimentation en courant alternatif de substitution lorsque l'énergie provenant d'une sortie de réseau domestique tombe en panne. Le dispositif auxiliaire comprend un détecteur de panne du réseau et une unité de commutation (1) qui détecte les pannes du réseau et effectue la commutation de l'alimentation d'un appareil en passant du réseau vers une alimentation fournie par un onduleur (4). Ledit onduleur (4) reçoit du courant provenant d'une batterie rechargeable (7), ladite batterie (7) étant continuellement rechargée par un chargeur de batterie (8) pendant que l'alimentation du réseau est disponible. Un dispositif d'arrêt d'urgence et un circuit d'alarme (6) sont prévus afin de faire fonctionner une alarme au moment de la panne et afin de mettre hors circuit le dispositif auxiliaire lorsque la batterie (7) est surchargée. Le dispositif auxiliaire est conçu de manière à fournir un moyen relativement peu onéreux de détecter des pannes de courant et de produire une alimentation en courant alternatif de substitution.
PCT/AU1986/000210 1985-07-23 1986-07-23 Alimentation electrique de reserve Ceased WO1987000702A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU159685 1985-07-23
AUPH1596 1985-07-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987000702A1 true WO1987000702A1 (fr) 1987-01-29

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ID=3692115

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1986/000210 Ceased WO1987000702A1 (fr) 1985-07-23 1986-07-23 Alimentation electrique de reserve

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0266356A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63500630A (fr)
WO (1) WO1987000702A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988008218A1 (fr) * 1987-04-16 1988-10-20 Fiskars Oy Ab Systeme permettant une alimentation ininterrompue en courant electrique
GB2208192A (en) * 1987-07-08 1989-03-08 Loker Andrew Steven Back-up power supply
GB2320822A (en) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-01 John Mcneil Switching arrangement for emergency power supply
CN100421042C (zh) * 2005-07-28 2008-09-24 三星电子株式会社 传感器驱动装置及其方法
CN106958644A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-07-18 北京天元陆兵汽车科技有限公司 自动变速箱智能养护设备
CN107013657A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-08-04 北京天元陆兵汽车科技有限公司 自动变速箱智能养护设备
CN110943529A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2020-03-31 佛山职业技术学院 一种互动式逆变器用的市电切换电路及方法

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH338230A (de) * 1954-08-03 1959-05-15 Licentia Gmbh Stromversorgungsanlage für Wechselstrom, mit einem Wechselrichter
US3229111A (en) * 1961-10-27 1966-01-11 Electro Seal Corp A.c. power system having alternate sources of supply
DE1237666B (de) * 1960-04-22 1967-03-30 Blessing Etra Belge S A Selbsttaetige Notstromschaltanordnung
DE2014680A1 (de) * 1969-04-01 1970-10-15 Acec Wechselstrom-Notstromversorgungsanordnung
DE1956486A1 (de) * 1969-11-10 1971-08-05 Standard Elek K Lorenz Ag Wechselstromversorgungsschaltung
US4010381A (en) * 1975-04-24 1977-03-01 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated No-break ac power supply
CH604406A5 (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-09-15 Rovo Ag Stand by emergency lighting system
US4366389A (en) * 1981-07-13 1982-12-28 Reliance Electric Company Continuously operating standby A-C power system
DE3246930A1 (de) * 1982-12-15 1984-06-20 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Umschaltung eines verbrauchers von einem elektrischen netz auf ein stromversorgungsaggregat
US4473756A (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-09-25 Caloyeras, Inc. AC Uninterruptible power system
FR2549652A1 (fr) * 1983-07-20 1985-01-25 Hennere Pierre Yann Dispositif automatique d'alimentation electrique de secours

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH338230A (de) * 1954-08-03 1959-05-15 Licentia Gmbh Stromversorgungsanlage für Wechselstrom, mit einem Wechselrichter
DE1237666B (de) * 1960-04-22 1967-03-30 Blessing Etra Belge S A Selbsttaetige Notstromschaltanordnung
US3229111A (en) * 1961-10-27 1966-01-11 Electro Seal Corp A.c. power system having alternate sources of supply
DE2014680A1 (de) * 1969-04-01 1970-10-15 Acec Wechselstrom-Notstromversorgungsanordnung
DE1956486A1 (de) * 1969-11-10 1971-08-05 Standard Elek K Lorenz Ag Wechselstromversorgungsschaltung
US4010381A (en) * 1975-04-24 1977-03-01 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated No-break ac power supply
CH604406A5 (en) * 1976-08-27 1978-09-15 Rovo Ag Stand by emergency lighting system
US4366389A (en) * 1981-07-13 1982-12-28 Reliance Electric Company Continuously operating standby A-C power system
DE3246930A1 (de) * 1982-12-15 1984-06-20 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Umschaltung eines verbrauchers von einem elektrischen netz auf ein stromversorgungsaggregat
US4473756A (en) * 1983-05-23 1984-09-25 Caloyeras, Inc. AC Uninterruptible power system
FR2549652A1 (fr) * 1983-07-20 1985-01-25 Hennere Pierre Yann Dispositif automatique d'alimentation electrique de secours

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Wireless World, Vol. 87, No. 1548, issued September 1981 (IPC Electrical-Electronic Ltd, Surrey) A.K.H. MILLER, "Simple 100W Inverter", pp. 82-83 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988008218A1 (fr) * 1987-04-16 1988-10-20 Fiskars Oy Ab Systeme permettant une alimentation ininterrompue en courant electrique
GB2208192A (en) * 1987-07-08 1989-03-08 Loker Andrew Steven Back-up power supply
GB2320822A (en) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-01 John Mcneil Switching arrangement for emergency power supply
CN100421042C (zh) * 2005-07-28 2008-09-24 三星电子株式会社 传感器驱动装置及其方法
CN106958644A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-07-18 北京天元陆兵汽车科技有限公司 自动变速箱智能养护设备
CN107013657A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2017-08-04 北京天元陆兵汽车科技有限公司 自动变速箱智能养护设备
CN110943529A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2020-03-31 佛山职业技术学院 一种互动式逆变器用的市电切换电路及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0266356A1 (fr) 1988-05-11
JPS63500630A (ja) 1988-03-03

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