WO1992009110A1 - Procede de dissolution d'un materiau cristallin - Google Patents
Procede de dissolution d'un materiau cristallin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992009110A1 WO1992009110A1 PCT/FR1991/000876 FR9100876W WO9209110A1 WO 1992009110 A1 WO1992009110 A1 WO 1992009110A1 FR 9100876 W FR9100876 W FR 9100876W WO 9209110 A1 WO9209110 A1 WO 9209110A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crystalline material
- dissolution
- ions
- blade
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F21/00—Dissolving
- B01F21/02—Methods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/08—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
- H10N30/082—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies by etching, e.g. lithography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the chemical dissolution of a crystalline material. It applies in particular to the chemical machining of piezoelectric materials.
- a resonator is produced from a blade of piezoelectric material. On each main face of the blade, at least one electrode is deposited.
- the resonator is characterized by its resonant frequency. This frequency corresponds to a well-determined thickness of the blade, between two electrodes. The state of the surface of the blade must be as good as possible, so as not to disturb the frequency response of the resonator. To give the blade the desired thickness, it is machined at least in its central part. Various machining methods are known. The higher the frequency of the resonator, the lower the thickness of the blade. At low frequency, the machining can be mechanical.
- the blade is lapped with an abrasive. For example, for the AT cut of quartz a thickness of 40 micrometers corresponds approximately to a frequency of 40
- a berlinite blade is immersed in a solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) or ammonium bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 ). This process is less expensive than ionic machining but it does not always give any satisfaction from the point of view of surface condition.
- HF hydrofluoric acid
- NH 4 HF 2 ammonium bifluoride
- the dissolution by the solvent is preferably initialized at the level of the dislocations. It then forms on the surface of the pitting material ("etch pits" in Anglo-Saxon literature). They dig and
- the present invention provides a method of controlled dissolution of a crystalline material formed of several kinds of ions, allowing
- This dissolution process is inexpensive. This process consists in using a solution containing, before dissolution, a solvent for the crystalline material and at least two kinds of ions of the material
- the molar ion concentration of each kind is on the one hand, greater than zero and on the other hand less than the molar ion concentration of each kind that the saturation solution would have, if it contained all of the constituent ions of the crystalline material, under the conditions of
- the dissolution takes place at a temperature between 20 ° C and 150 ° C and at atmospheric pressure.
- the material is not necessarily berlinite, we can consider that the crystalline material is 1 Gallium orthophosphate.
- the method can be used to cut the edges of a blade of crystalline material, to thin at least one area of the blade or to dig at least one opening through the thickness of the blade.
- the method can be used to partially dissolve a blade of the crystalline material, the blade being covered with a mask intended to protect part of the blade.
- a solution supersaturated with ions constituting the crystalline material is used.
- the solution contains a molar concentration Ce in ions constituting the crystalline material greater than the molar concentration Co.
- Ce is much higher than the molar concentration Co
- a very rapid and even anarchic growth of the crystalline material is recorded, especially at the level of the inevitable structural defects. Growth is no longer under control.
- Thermodynamic relationships show that good growth of the crystalline material can only take place when the molar concentration Ce is closer to the molar concentration Co.
- the controlled dissolution process according to the invention consists in using a solution containing, before dissolution, a solvent for the crystalline material and at least two kinds of ions of the crystalline material.
- the solution before dissolution is
- the molar ion concentration of each kind is lower than the molar concentration that the saturation solution would have, if it contained all of the ions of the crystalline material (under the pressure and temperature conditions of the dissolution).
- the following examples relate to berlinite for which the invention is particularly advantageous.
- the constituent ions of berlinite are the 3 + 3_ aluminum Al ions and the phosphate ions (PO.)
- Berlinite blades were used which were sawn in a block and then lapped with a grain abrasive of about 3 micrometers. Their initial roughness is of the order of 0.17 micrometer.
- the thickness of material removed on both sides of the blade is controlled by measuring the resonance frequency of the blade, with a frequency meter.
- the following arrangement can be used, for example: a three-tube flask containing the solution is immersed in an oil bath. The temperature of the solution is homogenized by magnetic stirring. One of the tubes contains a thermocouple which controls the temperature of the solution. The temperature range is from between 20 ° C and 150 ° C.
- the second tubing contains a refrigerant which prevents evaporation of the solution.
- At least one blade intended to be machined is introduced into the flask through the third tube and is immersed in the solution. It is attached to a platinum eye by means of a teflon clamp or any other fixing means resistant to the solution.
- the dissolution is preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- a first variant consists in dissolving aluminum phosphate (ALPO., Berlinite or commercial aluminum phosphate) in one of the acids mentioned above,
- phosphoric acid another variant consists in dissolving aluminum hydroxide Al (OH) _,.
- the hydroxide reacts with the acid to form dissolved aluminum phosphate.
- a third variant consists in dissolving a mixture of commercial aluminum sulphate and phosphoric acid; a reaction takes place and aluminum phosphate and sulfuric acid are formed.
- EXAMPLE 1 The tested solution contains, before dissolution, hydrochloric acid (HC1) and aluminum phosphate (ALPO.). The acid concentrations varied between 1M / 1 and 12 M / 1. The concentrations of phosphate ions and aluminum ions, before dissolution, are always lower than those which the saturated solution would have.
- HC1 hydrochloric acid
- APO. aluminum phosphate
- the tested blades are lapped. It can be seen that the roughness Ra increases first with the depth of attack P, then decreases. The maximum roughness is obtained for an attack depth P of approximately 7 micrometers. This value corresponds to the surface layer of berlinite disturbed by running in and sawing. The best final roughness obtained is of the order of 0.08 micrometer.
- EXAMPLE 2 The tested solution contains, before dissolution, sulfuric acid (HriftS0.) And aluminum phosphate (A1PO.). The acid concentrations varied between 1 M / 1 and 18 M / 1. The concentrations of phosphate ions and aluminum ions, before dissolution, are always lower than those which the saturated solution would have. The tested blades are lapped. The same variation in the roughness Ra is observed as in the previous example.
- Curve (A) represents the variation of the roughness Ra as a function of the attack depth P, for the above concentrations.
- EXAMPLE 3 The solution tested contains, before dissolution, phosphoric acid (H PO.) And aluminum phosphate (A1PO.).
- the phosphoric acid concentrations varied 1 between 1 M / 1 and 15 M / 1.
- concentrations of phosphate ions and aluminum ions, before dissolution, are always lower than those which the saturated solution would have.
- Curves (B) and (C) respectively represent the variation of the roughness Ra with a ground blade and a polished blade for the concentrations mentioned above.
- EXAMPLE 4 The tested solution contains, before ê ; dissolution, phosphoric acid alone (HriftPO.). The acid concentrations varied between 1 M / 1 and 15 M / 1. The solution contains only the berlinite phosphate ions.
- 35 phosphate ion concentration is, before dissolution, always lower than the saturation solution would have if it contained all of the constituent ions of berlinite.
- Curve (D) represents the evolution of the roughness curve with a sulfuric acid solution.
- All the blades machined by the process according to the invention have shown a sufficient machining quality for an industrial application.
- gallium orthophosphate chemically, it is possible to use the berlinite solvents, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
- the constituent ions of gallium orthophosphate 3+ 3- are the gallium Ga ions and the phosphate ions (PO.)
- the controlled dissolution process according to the invention can be used to produce piezoelectric resonator blades.
- the blade of crystalline material can be thinned in at least one area to achieve a desired resonant frequency. These resonators can in particular be used as filters.
- the controlled dissolution process according to the invention can be used to dig at least one opening through a blade of the crystalline material.
- a blade can serve as a sensor.
- the main areas are temperature, force, pressure, etc. . .
- the controlled dissolution process according to the invention can also be used to cut the edges of a blade of crystalline material at the desired ribs. If the blade is to be partially attacked, it can be covered with a mask intended to protect part of the latter.
- the mask can be made of resin, metal or other materials which are not attacked by the solution.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9014042A FR2668948B1 (fr) | 1990-11-13 | 1990-11-13 | Procede de dissolution d'un materiau cristallin. |
| FR90/14042 | 1990-11-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992009110A1 true WO1992009110A1 (fr) | 1992-05-29 |
Family
ID=9402107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1991/000876 Ceased WO1992009110A1 (fr) | 1990-11-13 | 1991-11-08 | Procede de dissolution d'un materiau cristallin |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5275697A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0510163A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH05503398A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2073428A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2668948B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1992009110A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5688317A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1997-11-18 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT401837B (de) * | 1993-03-04 | 1996-12-27 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | Piezoelektrisches kristallelement |
| JP3948089B2 (ja) * | 1998-01-22 | 2007-07-25 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 圧電体素子及びそれを用いたインクジェット式記録ヘッド |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0069112A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-24 | 1983-01-05 | List, Hans | Elément piezoélectrique |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4411731A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1983-10-25 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Method of contouring crystal plates |
| FR2562352B1 (fr) * | 1984-03-30 | 1989-10-20 | Cepe | Resonateur piezo-electrique |
| FR2568443B1 (fr) * | 1984-07-27 | 1986-11-14 | Cepe | Boitier a fermeture a froid supportant les hautes temperatures |
| FR2612021A1 (fr) * | 1987-03-06 | 1988-09-09 | Cepe | Ressorts de suspension d'une lame vivrante piezoelectrique |
| JPH0692263B2 (ja) * | 1989-02-16 | 1994-11-16 | 伊藤忠商事株式会社 | 記録ディスク基板及びその製造方法 |
-
1990
- 1990-11-13 FR FR9014042A patent/FR2668948B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1991
- 1991-11-08 WO PCT/FR1991/000876 patent/WO1992009110A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1991-11-08 CA CA002073428A patent/CA2073428A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1991-11-08 EP EP91920468A patent/EP0510163A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1991-11-08 US US07/861,881 patent/US5275697A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-08 JP JP4500412A patent/JPH05503398A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0069112A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-24 | 1983-01-05 | List, Hans | Elément piezoélectrique |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH ANNUAL FREQUENCY SYMPOSIUM,29-31 MAY 1985,PHILADELPHIA(US) pages 301 - 308; J.DOWSET ET AL.: 'ETCH PROCESSING OF BULK AND SURFACE WAVE DEVICES' * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5688317A (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1997-11-18 | Cabot Corporation | Carbon blacks |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2668948B1 (fr) | 1993-04-23 |
| CA2073428A1 (fr) | 1992-05-14 |
| FR2668948A1 (fr) | 1992-05-15 |
| EP0510163A1 (fr) | 1992-10-28 |
| US5275697A (en) | 1994-01-04 |
| JPH05503398A (ja) | 1993-06-03 |
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