WO1994000220A1 - Systeme d'elimination de la vapeur de mercure de l'air - Google Patents

Systeme d'elimination de la vapeur de mercure de l'air Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994000220A1
WO1994000220A1 PCT/SE1993/000570 SE9300570W WO9400220A1 WO 1994000220 A1 WO1994000220 A1 WO 1994000220A1 SE 9300570 W SE9300570 W SE 9300570W WO 9400220 A1 WO9400220 A1 WO 9400220A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
filter
arrangement
mercury vapour
dental
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1993/000570
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bertil Agdur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SWEDOVO AB
Original Assignee
SWEDOVO AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SWEDOVO AB filed Critical SWEDOVO AB
Priority to EP93915079A priority Critical patent/EP0650392A1/fr
Publication of WO1994000220A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994000220A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B11/00—Devices for reconditioning breathing air in sealed rooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G15/00—Operating chairs; Dental chairs; Accessories specially adapted therefor, e.g. work stands
    • A61G15/14—Dental work stands; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for cleansing air of its mercury vapour content in accord ⁇ ance with the preamble of Claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 7 and to the use of the arrangement according to the preamble of Claim 8.
  • mercury-containing air is passed through a honeycomb system of very thin, folded or pleated gold sheets.
  • An inventive arrangement for cleansing air from its mercury vapour content is defined in the characteriz ⁇ ing clause of Claim 1 and includes a filter which presents a large surface against which the molecules of the mercury vapours can impinge during their pas ⁇ sage through the filter, said surface including one or more precious metals, such as platinum or gold, for instance.
  • the filter includes a known catalyst body which has a large number of passageways and which has been developed to purify vehicle exhaust gases, the catalyst body being intended to operate at normal room temperature and the surface, including said at least one precious metal, is comprised of the combined surfaces of the aforesaid passageways.
  • the filter will extract mercury vapour at a temperature as low as 20 * C, and even lower.
  • the filter is conveniently comprised of a ceramic or metallic body, through which the air carry ⁇ ing the mercury vapour flows.
  • the catalyst body may be comprised of a ceramic or a metallic monolith which is coated with a mixture of inorganic oxides, of which the major part in vehicle exhaust catalysts is comprised of aluminium oxide with additions of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, lanthanum oxide, iron oxide and other oxides. This coating imparts a very large surface area to the catalyst body, said surface normally being
  • the precious metal coating is in the order of 1.5-2.5 grams per litre monolith, while the coating of inor ⁇ ganic oxides is in the order of 50-200 grams per litre monolith.
  • the arrangement may be included in dental drilling equipment with the input side of the filter connected, via water/solids separating means, to a suction source for removing solids and vapours from the oral cavity of a patient by suction.
  • the arrangement is included in a face mask which is in- tended to be worn over the nose and mouth of the dentist while performing dental treatment, the con ⁇ struction being such as to cause the inhalation air drawn into the mask by the dentist to pass through the filter.
  • the arrangement is included in air-purifying apparatus intended for installation in a dental clinic and provided with one or more filters through which air contaminated with mercury vapours is drawn-in from one or more rooms in the clinic and cleansed in said apparatus.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an arrangement which is intended to be incorporated in dental drilling equip ⁇ ment
  • Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement which is intended to be incorporated in a face mask which will fit over the nose and mouth of the dentist;
  • Figure 3 illustrates an arrangement which is intended to be included in an air-purifying appara ⁇ tus
  • Figure 4 illustrates an arrangement which is intended to be included in an air-purifying apparatus which serves several rooms of a dental clin ⁇ ic
  • Figure 5 illustrates another arrangement for use in dental treatment.
  • the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1 includes a suction nozzle 10, a long, pliable hose 12, a water, dust and particle separator 13, a mercury vapour extraction filter 14, and a pump 15 for generating the requisite suction power.
  • the pump may be common to a number of treatment rooms, as can also the filter 14.
  • the arrangement is included in dental drilling equip ⁇ ment, with the nozzle 10 held close to the drill head of the dental drill.
  • the filter 14 measures 10 cm x 10 cm x 20 cm and will therewith take-up the minimum of space in comparison with other filters.
  • the walls of the filter passage ⁇ ways are coated mainly with platinum or gold, among other things.
  • Laboratory tests carried out with an arrangement of the aforedescribed kind have shown very good purifying results, in excess of 95%.
  • Mercury vapour may possibly escape to the ambient air in dental clinics, even when an arrangement according to Figure 1 is used, because the nozzle 10 fails to capture all of the vapours that are produced, or as a result of preparing amalgam substances for new fillings.
  • the novel filter arrangement may therefore be incorporated in face masks and air-puri ⁇ fying apparatus, so as to eliminate the risks to which patients, dentists and nurses are subjected by the escape of mercury vapours.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a conventional face mask 20 which is intended to be worn over the nose and mouth of the dentist while treating a patient.
  • the mask is provided with an inventive filter 24, such that the air drawn into the mask as the dentist inhales is forced to pass through the filter, referenced 24 in Figure 2.
  • the mask is secured around the dentist's head by means of tapes 21-22.
  • the filter 24 is circular and has a diameter of 5-10 cm and a height of 1-2 cm.
  • the filter is positioned close to the mouth and the mercury-containing air leaving the mouth is sucked through the filter.
  • the mercury vapour is thus sucked-up and the air leaving the filter is practically free of mercury vapour.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an air-purifying apparatus which is intended to be installed in a room in a dental clinic and includes a dust extraction filter 32, a funnel-shaped air intake 30, an inventive filter 34 and a suction fan 35, all of which are housed in a casing 31.
  • the apparatus measures about 60 x 60 x 30 3. cm
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an air-purifying apparatus which is intended for larger dental practices comprising four rooms.
  • Each room is provided with an air intake 401, 402, 403, 404 and the intakes are connected to an inventive filter 44 whose output side is connected to a suction fan 45.
  • Clean-air conduits (broken lines) extend from the output side of the fan to blower devices 481, 482, 483, 484 in respective rooms.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a patient 51 lying on a treatment table 50.
  • the Figure also illustrates an air-purifying apparatus which comprises two tubular parts 52, 53, of which one part 52 is rotatable about a vertical axis.
  • One end of the tubular part 53 is connected to the upper end of the tubular part 52 and the other end of the tubular part 53 carries a filter unit 54.
  • the part 53 is connected to the part 52 by means of a hinge 55 which enables the part 53 to pivot about a generally horizontal axis.
  • the filter unit 54 can thus be placed readily in any desired position close to the mouth of the patient 51.
  • Located adjacent the bottom end of the tubular part 52 is a fan 56 whose suction side commu ⁇ nicates with the interior of the tubular part 52.
  • the fan 56 generates a subpressure in the tubular parts 52 and 53, so that air and mercury vapour will flow from the region above the patient's mouth into and through the filter unit 54 (as shown by the arrow 57), and the air cleansed of mercury vapours will pass through the tubular parts 52, 53 to the fan 56, and through the fan outlet and back into the room, in accordance with the arrows 58.
  • the mercury-vapour extraction filters 14, 24, 34, 44, 54 described in the aforegoing may include a ceramic body through which a large number of passageways are drawn.
  • the channel walls are coated with inorganic oxides, including precious metals such as mainly platinum, for instance, so as to obtain a structure which presents a very large surface area through which the molecules of the mercury vapour pass and strike against the walls of the passageways, wherewith a physical surface tension (in the case of a platinum- containing coating) or a chemical reaction (amalgam ⁇ ation in the case of gold coating) will be generated and the molecules will fasten to the channel walls.
  • the invention can be constructed and applied in a number of ways different to those described above with reference to Figures 1-5. A number of examples in this regard will be described briefly below.
  • the air-purifier may be construc- ted so as to enable it to be hung from the ceiling and to blow the purified air that has passed through the filter over that area of the clinic in which the patient's head and the dentist are located during treatment.
  • the air can be introduced into the filter through a funnel which is turned so that its opening faces the ceiling and to blow the air from the apparatus through a funnel whose opening faces the dental treatment area.
  • the filter may also be constructed in a manner which will enable it to form part of a clinic ventilating and air-purifying system.
  • the inventive arrangement for cleansing air from mercury vapours also finds use within other industrial applications, for instance when sorting or working with Hg-containing products, for instance batteries, thermometers, fluorescent tubes, etc.
  • the cata ⁇ lyst body included in an inventive arrangement may have a surface which has been coated with precious metals, for instance platinum and rhodium, in accor ⁇ dance with the case of vehicle exhaust catalysts, although the catalyst body may also have a surface which has been coated solely with one precious metal, for instance gold.
  • the invention also relates to a novel method of puri ⁇ fying air which contains mercury vapours by passing the air at a temperature which is at least roughly equal to room temperature through a purifying arrangement in the kind described above and defined in the Claims.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such an air-purifying arrangement at room temperature or roughly at room temperature, for cleansing air of its mercury vapour content.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Système d'élimination de la vapeur de mercure de l'air qui la contient. Il comporte un filtre (14) à très grande surface contre laquelle les molécules de vapeur de mercure peuvent se heurter lors de leur passage dans le filtre. La surface du filtre comporte un ou plusieurs métaux précieux, par exemple le platine ou l'or, présentant une résistance élevée à l'oxydation et à la formation d'autres composés chimiques tels que les sulfures. Ce système peut s'intégrer au matériel de fraisage dentaire, de sorte que le côté de sortie du filtre (14) soit relié à une pompe aspirante (15) du type que l'on trouve habituellement dans le matériel de fraisage dentaire, ou faire partie d'un masque oro-nasal (20) porté par le dentiste au travail et configuré de manière que l'air inhalé par le dentiste passe dans le filtre (24). Sinon, le système peut faire partie d'un appareil d'épuration de l'air destiné à une clinique dentaire et pourvu d'un ou plusieurs filtres (34) assurant l'épuration de l'air extrait d'une ou plusieurs salles de traitement et contaminé par la vapeur de mercure. On a également prévu un procédé d'épuration, environ à température ambiante et à l'aide dudit système, de l'air contaminé par la vapeur de mercure, ainsi que l'utilisation de ce système environ à température ambiante pour éliminer la vapeur de mercure de l'air qui la contient.
PCT/SE1993/000570 1992-06-24 1993-06-24 Systeme d'elimination de la vapeur de mercure de l'air Ceased WO1994000220A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93915079A EP0650392A1 (fr) 1992-06-24 1993-06-24 Methode d'elimination de la vapeur de mercure de l'air

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9201952A SE9201952L (sv) 1992-06-24 1992-06-24 Anordning för rening av luft från kvicksilverångor
SE9201952-0 1992-06-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994000220A1 true WO1994000220A1 (fr) 1994-01-06

Family

ID=20386599

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1993/000570 Ceased WO1994000220A1 (fr) 1992-06-24 1993-06-24 Systeme d'elimination de la vapeur de mercure de l'air

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0650392A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE9201952L (fr)
WO (1) WO1994000220A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19610880A1 (de) * 1995-08-15 1997-02-20 Inst Umwelttechnologie Und Umw Filter, insbesondere Mundschutz
EP0761109A1 (fr) * 1995-08-15 1997-03-12 Institut für Umwelttechnologie und Umweltanalytik e.V. Masque respiratoire
GB2334448A (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-25 Lu Li Chou Suction cleaner for dentistry with air purifier
WO2021105418A1 (fr) 2019-11-28 2021-06-03 Zehm Michael Dispositif de collecte pour collecter et aspirer de l'air chargé de mercure

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0405119A1 (fr) * 1989-06-24 1991-01-02 Krupp Koppers GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation du mercure métallique de gaz provenant de la gazéification ou la combustion de charbon
DE4131811A1 (de) * 1990-09-24 1992-03-26 Wernisch Johann Verfahren, einrichtung und filter zum abscheiden von hg-dampf aus gasen
WO1992016284A1 (fr) * 1991-03-18 1992-10-01 Stiftelsen Centrum För Dentalteknik Och Biomaterial I Huddinge Filtre de purification de gaz

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0405119A1 (fr) * 1989-06-24 1991-01-02 Krupp Koppers GmbH Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation du mercure métallique de gaz provenant de la gazéification ou la combustion de charbon
DE4131811A1 (de) * 1990-09-24 1992-03-26 Wernisch Johann Verfahren, einrichtung und filter zum abscheiden von hg-dampf aus gasen
WO1992016284A1 (fr) * 1991-03-18 1992-10-01 Stiftelsen Centrum För Dentalteknik Och Biomaterial I Huddinge Filtre de purification de gaz

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19610880A1 (de) * 1995-08-15 1997-02-20 Inst Umwelttechnologie Und Umw Filter, insbesondere Mundschutz
EP0761109A1 (fr) * 1995-08-15 1997-03-12 Institut für Umwelttechnologie und Umweltanalytik e.V. Masque respiratoire
DE19610880C2 (de) * 1995-08-15 2001-02-22 Inst Umwelttechnologie Und Umw Filter als Mundschutz
GB2334448A (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-25 Lu Li Chou Suction cleaner for dentistry with air purifier
WO2021105418A1 (fr) 2019-11-28 2021-06-03 Zehm Michael Dispositif de collecte pour collecter et aspirer de l'air chargé de mercure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9201952D0 (sv) 1992-06-24
SE9201952L (sv) 1993-12-25
EP0650392A1 (fr) 1995-05-03

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