WO1994001884A1 - Structure de la partie de scellement d'un tube a decharge et procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Structure de la partie de scellement d'un tube a decharge et procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994001884A1 WO1994001884A1 PCT/JP1993/000959 JP9300959W WO9401884A1 WO 1994001884 A1 WO1994001884 A1 WO 1994001884A1 JP 9300959 W JP9300959 W JP 9300959W WO 9401884 A1 WO9401884 A1 WO 9401884A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- core
- valve
- arc tube
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
- H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
- H01J9/265—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for gas-discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/266—Sealing together parts of vessels specially adapted for gas-discharge tubes or lamps specially adapted for gas-discharge lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
- H01J61/302—Vessels; Containers characterised by the material of the vessel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
- H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
- H01J61/363—End-disc seals or plug seals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
- H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealing structure and a manufacturing method for an arc tube for a metal vapor discharge lamp such as a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp or a sodium lamp or a high-intensity discharge lamp.
- a metal vapor discharge lamp such as a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp or a sodium lamp or a high-intensity discharge lamp.
- a mercury lamp that uses the excitation light emission of mercury in the anode column of a hot cathode arc discharge.
- the heat generated by the mercury hot cathode arc discharge causes the metal halide to evaporate and dissociate into metal and halogen, producing a light emission that exhibits a metal-specific color.
- Metal halide discharge lamps such as metal halide lamps, or sodium vapor lamps that emit yellow-orange D-line (589.0mn, 589.9nm) by heat negative arc of sodium vapor, have been used in gymnasiums and factories. It is used as a light source for OHP, color LCD projectors, and automotive fog lamps.
- Quartz glass was initially used as the material for the bulb (the arc tube body) of such metal vapor discharge lamps. Quartz glass, however, has poor color fastness and a large heat capacity, so the lamp does not start well, and Due to problems such as large variations in the dimensions of the bulb, it has recently been proposed to fabricate the bulb with translucent ceramics.
- the above-described discharge lamp arc tube has a light-emitting tube body made of a translucent ceramic made by sintering alumina or the like, and sealing and fixing an electrode inside the light emitter through an electrode supporting material.
- a closing body for In order to hermetically seal the closed body at the open end of the arc tube main body, a glass solder is filled in a gap between the end surface or the inner surface of the open end of the arc tube main body and the fixing surface of the opposing closed body. However, this glass solder is locally heated and melted, then cooled and solidified.
- the closing body has the same thermal expansion coefficient and chemical stability against metal vapor and halogen vapor as the arc tube main body or the electrode supporting material.
- a metal component for discharge corresponding to the discharge lamp in which the light emitting tube is used such as mercury for a high-pressure mercury lamp, and metal halide for a metal halide lamp If present, metal halide etc. is sealed inside the arc tube body Is entered.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-143132 proposes a technique for brazing an insert material having a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of alumina to a sealing portion of an alumina peripheral device corresponding to an arc tube body.
- the closing body is composed of a central body and an outer annular body, and the arc tube main body and the closing body (central body and annular body) are fixed.
- a phase joining technique has been proposed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-088661 proposes specifying dimensions and compositions of both a central body and an annular body constituting a closed body. Incidentally, the specification of the dimensions is also proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-213016.
- the arc tube temperature In order to achieve high-luminance luminescence, the arc tube temperature must be reduced to the conventional temperature (900 ° C). ) which is higher than about 1200 ° C. At such a high temperature, the thermal stress increases correspondingly, so that even with the above-mentioned conventional arc tube, it is not possible to sufficiently secure the reliability of light emission and extend the life. Further, it is not preferable to specify the dimensions of the closed body or the like, because it imposes restrictions on the shape of the arc tube and, consequently, the lamp shape for accommodating the arc tube.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and provides a highly reliable and long-life arc tube.
- the present invention provides a novel sealing structure and a simple manufacturing method thereof. The purpose is to:
- the component In the side region, the component is substantially the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the valve, and in the core side region adjacent to the core, the component is substantially the same as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core.
- the composition ratio of the components in the intermediate region between the valve side region and the core portion side region is adjusted so that the thermal expansion coefficient of the valve side region gradually changes to the thermal expansion coefficient of the core portion side region. It is configured.
- valve side area and the core part side area are separated by the intermediate area to form an independent valve side area layer and a core part side area layer, respectively, and the intermediate area is separated from the valve side area by the core. It is composed of at least one layer in which the coefficient of thermal expansion gradually changes over the region.
- the plurality of layers of the closing body are configured to gradually increase in thickness from the valve side region layer toward the core region region.
- the bulb as the arc tube is preferably made of a translucent ceramic, particularly high-purity alumina, and the core is preferably made mainly of tungsten: Further, the closing body may be made of a functionally graded material.
- a method for manufacturing the above-described sealed structure of the arc tube is as follows.
- a method for manufacturing an arc tube comprising sealing an open end of a light-transmitting bulb with a closing body having a core portion constituting an electrode,
- a valve component suspension having a light-transmitting valve component larger than the core component (a) Based on the fine powder of the light-transmitting valve component and the fine powder of the core component, as a composition ratio, a valve component suspension having a light-transmitting valve component larger than the core component, and a light-transmitting valve.
- a plurality of mold members made of a porous body are joined to each other, and the above-described valve component suspension is injected into the cavity of the mold using a mold that forms a cavity therein.
- green sheets are prepared using the core component suspension, the at least one or more intermediate suspensions, and the valve component suspension. And sequentially winding the green sheet around the outer peripheral surface of the core portion.
- the core portion is a conductive core portion made of tungsten or the like, and the core portion or the opening portion of the bulb is hermetically sealed.
- the sintering is performed by laminating and sintering the plugged body to be solid-phase bonded from the conductive core part to the valve as the core part side layer, at least one intermediate layer, and the valve side layer. Body.
- the composition of each of these layers is such that the core side region layer has a conductive core portion component of at least 50% or more in volume ratio, for example, and the valve side region layer has a translucent ceramic component in a volume ratio of at least 80%, for example.
- the volume ratio of the translucent ceramic component becomes smaller than the volume ratio in the valve side layer.
- the volume ratio of the conductive core component in the layer closer to the core portion is inclined closer to the volume ratio in the core portion side layer.
- crystals are formed in a network structure by sintering between the common components and integrated.
- the sintering process for reducing the surface energy is applied for bonding to the core and the opening of the arc tube body.
- impurities such as glass is often added.
- each layer surrounds the powder of the conductive core component, and the translucent ceramic component dissolves and crystallizes, and the adjacent layers have the translucent ceramic component in each layer at the joint surface of each layer. They are mutually dissolved, crystallized, solid-phase bonded, and integrated. Further, the conductive core portion and the core portion side layer are crystallized in a state where the translucent ceramic component in the core portion side layer is in contact with the core portion, and the grain boundaries are filled with the generated glass. Since the conductive core component is commonly included in the core portion and the core portion side layer, the core component is also integrated by solid phase bonding.
- the bulb side region layer and the arc tube main body are a glass phase in which the translucent ceramic component in the bulb side region layer is crystallized in contact with the arc tube body and the grain boundaries are formed. Since it is buried and the translucent ceramic component is commonly contained in the bulb side layer and the arc tube main body, it is also integrated by solid-phase bonding.
- the closed body after sintering is strongly bonded to the conductive core to seal the main electrode. make it possible. Furthermore, the closed body after sintering enables the opening of the arc tube main body to be airtight through the formation of a glass phase at the grain boundary of the transparent ceramic component in the bulb side layer and the arc tube main body.
- the distribution of the coefficient of thermal expansion from the conductive core portion to the light emitting tube main body through the core portion side layer, the intermediate portion layer, and the bulb side portion layer is based on the coefficient of thermal expansion of the conductive core portion.
- the distribution has a slope up to the thermal expansion coefficient of the pipe body.
- such a method of manufacturing the sealed structure of the arc tube involves sintering and forming a closed body that is air-tightly solid-phase bonded to the opening of the arc tube body made of translucent ceramic.
- an unsintered laminated body is formed by sequentially laminating an unsintered core portion side layer, an unsintered intermediate region layer, and an unsintered valve side region layer on a core portion formed of a conductive member. It is formed.
- Each layer of the unsintered core portion side layer, the unsintered intermediate region layer, and the unsintered valve side layer layer thus laminated is preferably transparent to the powder of the conductive member component or the core portion component.
- a translucent ceramic until the volume ratio of the valve component suspension solution adjusted to at least 80% or more and the translucent ceramic component containing both component powders to a value close to 100% by volume ratio. It is formed by using a plurality of intermediate suspensions which are adjusted by increasing and decreasing the volume ratio of the components and decreasing the volume of the conductive member components from 100%.
- the volume ratio of the conductive component is The unsintered laminated body is formed by stacking the unsintered laminated body in the descending order, and then the unsintered laminated body is arranged in the opening of the arc tube main body such that the main electrode connected to the core portion is located in the arc tube main body. Bake.
- each layer takes in the powder of the core component, and the translucent ceramic component dissolves and crystallizes, so that the closed body after sintering has the translucent property between adjacent layers. It is integrated through solid solution 'crystallization of ceramic components.
- the closed body after sintering is in contact with the core of the translucent ceramic component in the core side region layer. Through the formation of a glass phase at the grain boundaries and the coexistence of the conductive core component, it is strongly bonded to the core and enables the main electrode to be sealed. Furthermore, the closed body after sintering enables the opening of the arc tube main body to be airtight through the formation of a glass phase at the grain boundary of the translucent ceramic component in the bulb side region layer and the arc tube main body.
- the distribution of the coefficient of thermal expansion from the core portion to the arc tube body through the core portion side layer, the intermediate region layer, and the bulb side region layer is calculated from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core portion to the arc tube body (bulb).
- the distribution is inclined until the coefficient of thermal expansion of () is reached.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an arc tube according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a particle size distribution in a light-transmitting alumina used for manufacturing the main body or bulb and the closed body of the arc tube.
- FIG. 3 is a process diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of the closing body in the arc tube
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the closing body.
- Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view and a compositional component distribution diagram showing the structure and composition distribution of the above-mentioned closed body.
- FIG. 6 is a process diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of a closed body in an arc tube according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a molded body in which the closed body is in an unsintered state
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a mating type used for manufacturing the closing body
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view when the auxiliary member is attached to the mating die
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of the closed body
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the closing body formed in the mating die
- FIG. 12 is a distribution diagram of each component of the closed body
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view when an electrode is attached to the unsintered closed body
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view when the closed body is assembled to the arc tube body (bulb).
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the arc tube when a part of the first embodiment is changed
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the arc tube according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of adjusting a slip for a closing body used in the arc tube.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram showing a slip casting process.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of the arc tube when a part of the third embodiment is changed
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of the arc tube according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of raw materials used for manufacturing the arc tube.
- FIG. 22 is an explanatory diagram of each slip used for manufacturing the arc tube
- FIG. 23 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of the arc tube.
- FIG. 24 is a sectional view of an arc tube according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of each slip used for manufacturing the arc tube
- FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a cylindrical pipe used for manufacturing the arc tube.
- FIG. 27 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of the arc tube.
- FIG. 28 is a sectional view of an arc tube according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is an explanatory view showing each slip and a manufacturing process used for manufacturing the closed body of the arc tube.
- FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the method for manufacturing the closed body of the arc tube is partially changed.
- the arc tube of the first embodiment includes a cylindrical arc tube body (or bulb) 1F and a closed body 2 fixed to an electrode holding hole 1a which is a large-diameter opening end. And a closed body 2A fixed to the electrode holding hole lb, which is a small-diameter opening end, and a pair of main electrodes 3 arranged in the arc tube main body 1F.
- the pair of main electrodes 3 are made of a tungsten coil, and are supported via a tungsten support shaft 4 penetrating the closing bodies 2 and 2A.
- the closed body 2 and the closed body 2A have only different diameters, and are created through manufacturing steps described later.
- an introduction thin tube 1c for containing a rare gas metal for start-up and amalgam of various discharge substances is provided on the end face of the arc tube main body on the electrode holding hole lb side. It is sealed with a sealing agent 1 d of metal such as cermet nickel.
- an aluminum salt which becomes alumina having a purity of 99.98 mol% or more when pyrolyzed is prepared as a starting material.
- Such aluminum salts of high purity for alumina synthesis, Anmoniumu Myoupan or Aruminiumu 'Anmoniumu' carbonitride 'high Dorooki site (NH 4 Al C0 3 (OH ) 2) or the like can be exemplified.
- the aluminum salt thus prepared is weighed, and is temporarily made into a suspended aqueous solution using distilled water and a dispersant, and dried by a spray drying method. After that, it is pyrolyzed to obtain fine powder of alumina alone.
- the thermal decomposition is performed in the air at 900 to 1200 ° C, for example, at 105 CTC for 2 hours.
- alumina fine powder with an average particle size of 0.2 to 0.3 jum and a purity of 99.9 9mo 1% or more is synthesized. Complete. It should be noted that the synthesized alumina fine powder is obtained as a secondary aggregate having a larger diameter than the fine alumina powder having the above particle diameter.
- tungsten fine powder with a purity of 99mo 1% or more and an average particle size of about 0.5 Aim is prepared.
- the arc tube main body 1F and the closing body 2 are manufactured respectively.
- the arc tube main body 1F is manufactured as follows.
- an organic binder mainly composed of an acrylic thermoplastic resin is blended with the alumina fine powder (secondary aggregate) synthesized as described above, and this is mixed with a plastic (nylon) using an organic solvent (alcohol, benzene, etc.).
- a plastic nylon
- an organic solvent alcohol, benzene, etc.
- the organic binder is a mixture of an acrylic thermoplastic resin, paraffin wax, and atactic polypropylene.
- the total amount of these organic binders per 100 g of alumina fine powder is 25 g.
- Each component in the organic binder is blended as follows, and the total of each component is the total amount (25 g) of the organic binder.
- Acrylic thermoplastic resin 20 to 23 g (preferably 21.5 g) Paraffin wax 3 g or less (preferably 2.0 g) Atactic polypropylene 2 g or less (preferably 1.5 g)
- Paraffin wax 3 g or less preferably 2.0 g
- Atactic polypropylene 2 g or less preferably 1.5 g
- a molded body having the shape shown in FIG. 1 is formed by injection molding using a mold device (not shown).
- the molded body thus formed is heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to a temperature at which an organic binder such as an acrylic thermoplastic resin is thermally decomposed and completely carbonized, and the molded body is degreased.
- the specific upper heating temperature in this initial heat treatment may be determined according to the capacity of the heat treatment furnace to be used and the thermal decomposition temperature of the organic binder. In this embodiment, the temperature is from room temperature (20 ° C) to 45 O'C. The temperature was raised over 72 hours.
- Other processing conditions are as follows. During the heating up to 450 ° C, a constant pressure was maintained.
- an organic binder such as an acrylic thermoplastic resin, paraffin wax, or atactic polypropylene compounded at the time of compound preparation is thermally decomposed and carbonized, and the molded body is degreased.
- a post-stage heat treatment is performed in the air under the following conditions, and the molded body (degreased body) is sintered to obtain a sintered body.
- the temperature was raised in 1 O O'CZ time.
- the sintering for this post-stage heat treatment was performed in the temperature range of 1200-130 ° C, because after sintering The purpose of this is to set the density of the sintered body to 95% or more of the theoretical density so as to perform hot isostatic pressing in the subsequent step and to avoid formation of coarse crystals in the sintered body. In other words, if the above sintering is performed at 120 O'C or less, the density after sintering is not This is because hot isostatic pressing is not performed below 95% of the theoretical density, and at 130 CTC or more, the frequency of formation of coarse crystals in the sintered body increases, which is disadvantageous in strength.
- the volume shrinkage is 82.5% of that of the compact before sintering, and the filling factor after sintering is almost 100% (bulk density 3 976).
- the carbide transformed during the initial heat treatment is completely burned and removed from the sintered body.
- the sintered body is subjected to hot isostatic pressing in an argon atmosphere or an argon atmosphere containing 20 vo 1% or less of oxygen under the following conditions. At this time, the temperature was raised at 200'C / hour. Thus, translucency is exhibited in the sintered body.
- the reason why the hot isostatic pressing is performed in the above temperature range and pressure range is that the hot isostatic pressing is performed while obtaining the desired high translucency and improving the mechanical strength. This is in order to avoid damage inside.
- hot isostatic pressing is performed below 1200 ° C or below 1 OOOatm, translucency is exhibited, but only low translucency is obtained, and conversely, when the temperature exceeds 1250 ° C, abnormal grain growth occurs. If it exceeds 2000 atm, stress concentration may occur at the location where the flaws are present even if the flaws, etc. existing in the sintered body are extremely fine. This is because a crack may occur.
- the end face of the sintered body is ground and polished with a diamond grinding wheel (not shown) to remove the edge, and a translucent arc tube body 1F made of alumina is completed. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the arc tube main body 1F having the electrode holding holes 1a and lb at both ends is manufactured.
- the inner and outer surfaces of the arc tube main body 1F thus obtained are ground and polished with a brush to which diamond abrasive grains having a particle diameter of 0.5 Atm are adhered so that the wall thickness becomes 0.2 face or less. As a result, unevenness and the like on the arc tube surface are removed, light scattering on the surface is avoided, and the linear transmittance is improved.
- the arc tube main body 1F has an inner diameter d of the luminous region of about 4.0 cm and a wall thickness of about 0. It is 3 recitations, its total length is about 4 Oram, and it has the following physical properties.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the diameter of the small-diameter electrode holding hole 1b is about Iran or less.
- Visible light (linear transmittance for wavelength 380 ⁇ 76011110: 70% or more
- a sample (a shape and a thickness, etc., according to JIS Rl601) separately manufactured as an alternative to the arc tube main body 1F of the present embodiment was used.
- the conditions in the above-mentioned steps were followed.
- the particle size was calculated by wrapping the surface of the above sample, which was separately manufactured so that its shape, thickness, etc. conformed to JIS Rl601, with diamond abrasive grains, and then performing grain boundary etching with a molten hydroxide rim, followed by scanning. This was performed by observing the sample surface with a scanning electron microscope and performing image analysis on the contours of the crystal grains. In the image analysis, the crystal particles were assumed to be spherical or polygonal, and the maximum value of the diameter and the distance between the vertices was used for calculating the particle size.
- Figure 2 shows the distribution diagram of the particle size calculated assuming that the crystal particles are spherical.c
- the above sample prepared separately was set to 0.5 thickness, and after lapping both sides, the double beam Determined by a spectrophotometer.
- the arc tube body 1F made of translucent alumina completed in this way is compared with a general translucent ceramic in which alumina is sintered together with a sintering aid such as Mg0 to make crystal grains coarse. It can be said that it has a small crystal grain size (see Fig. 2).
- the arc tube body 1F made of high-purity alumina in this way is The grounds for having translucency while having a fine crystal grain size different from that of a translucent ceramic are considered as follows.
- n calculated from this relational expression can be converted to a crystallite interface included in a cross section of one crystal grain.
- the lattice constants of various translucent aluminas (average particle sizes: 0.72, 0.75, 0.99, 1.16, 1.35, 1.52 urn) obtained from high-purity alumina are represented by X
- the crystallites of the translucent alumina of each of the above average particle diameters are obtained from the diffraction peak of (012) according to the Scerrer equation, which relates the diameter d of the crystallite and the width of the diffraction line, obtained using a line diffractometer. When the diameter d was calculated, the diameter d of the crystallite was constant without being affected by the size of the crystal grains.
- the formula of S c he rrer is described in “P.
- Ga 11 ezot “Ca tal ys is, Sc en enc nd Te c hno lo gy, vo l. 5 p 221, Sp r inge r-Ver 1 ag (1984) "" j ⁇ It is introduced in “p. Sche'r rer,” Gottenger Nachrichen, 2, 98 (1918) ".
- closures 2 and 2A are produced as follows.
- the manufacturing process of the closed body will be described with reference to the process diagram of FIG.
- a vehicle to be used for suspending the alumina fine powder (secondary aggregate) and the tungsten fine powder synthesized as described above is prepared from various organic substances shown in Table 1 (Step 1).
- various organic substances were weighed and uniformly mixed with a mixer.
- alumina fine powder, the preparation vehicle, the organic solvent (butyl diphthalate) and the dispersant (ammonium carboxylate) are mixed at the volume ratios shown in Table 2, and the mixture is kneaded with three rolls to prepare an alumina slurry. (Step 2).
- the volume ratio of tungsten to alumina (tungsten alumina) Prepare eight types of tungsten-alumina mixed slurries having the volume ratios shown in Table 4 (Step 3).
- each of the mixed slurries thus prepared is sufficiently mixed so that alumina and tungsten are uniformly dispersed, and then, bubbles are removed from each of the mixed slurries (step 4).
- each mixed slurry is subjected to a vacuum desiccator.
- the slurry in the resin container is stirred with a magnet stirrer or the like, and the air in the desiccator is sucked for several tens of minutes (for example, about 20 minutes) using a vacuum pump.
- a part of the organic solvent was volatilized to obtain a slurry viscosity of 30,000 cP.
- each of the mixed slurries shown in Table 4 was applied to the outer periphery of a tungsten support shaft 4 supporting the main electrode 3 as a core portion of the closing body, from the one having a high tungsten volume ratio, that is, From the one-layer slurry to the eighth-layer slurry, the layers are concentrically laminated at a predetermined thickness in a predetermined thickness (Step 5), and as shown in FIG.
- a laminate 20 which is a precursor of The inlay and lamination of the first layer slurry on the outer periphery of the support shaft 4 from the first layer slurry to the eighth layer slurry are performed by sequentially applying and drying the slurry of each layer from the first layer slurry.
- the innermost layer of the slurry of the first layer is located in the area adjacent to the core of the closed body, and the plurality of layers of slurry 1 to 7 in the middle area of the closed body.
- An outermost layer made of an eighth layer slurry is formed in the intermediate layer and in the valve side area adjacent to the valve opening end of the closing body.
- FIGS. 5 (a), 5 (b) and 5 (c) show the relationship between the cross-sectional view and the volume ratio of tungsten and alumina in each layer slurry.
- the volume ratio of alumina increases and slopes to nearly 100% as shown in Fig. 5 (c)
- the volume ratio of tungsten becomes 80% as shown in Fig. 5 (b).
- the distribution becomes a slope that decreases.
- the laminate 20 is subjected to a heat treatment at 600 ° C. for 10 hours in a humidified hydrogen-reducing atmosphere to degrease the laminate 20 (step 6). That is, by performing this heat treatment, the organic matter and the organic solvent in the vehicle component mixed at the time of preparing the slurry are thermally decomposed and carbonized, and the formed body is degreased.
- the post-degreased laminate 20 is subjected to a post-stage heat treatment of 180 O'C x 2 hours in a vacuum atmosphere to sinter the laminate 20 (degreased) (step 7). Obtained plugs 2, 2A, which are the sintered bodies, are obtained. By the time the post-stage heat treatment is completed, the carbide transformed during the initial heat treatment is completely burned and removed from the sintered body.
- each layer of the laminate 20 surrounds the tungsten powder, and alumina dissolves and crystallizes, and the adjacent layers form the alumina of each layer at the joint surface of each layer. They are mutually dissolved and crystallized, solid-phase bonded, and integrated.
- the support shaft 4 and the innermost peripheral layer made of the first layer slurry are such that alumina in the innermost peripheral layer is crystallized in contact with the support shaft 4 to form vitreous at the grain boundaries, and tungsten Are commonly included in the support shaft 4 and the innermost peripheral layer, and thus are also integrated by solid-phase bonding.
- the plugs 2 and 2A obtained after sintering are firmly connected to the support shaft 4 supporting the main electrode 3, and the support shaft 4, that is, the main electrode 3 is hermetically sealed in the arc tube main body 1F. Stop 'stick.
- the distribution of the coefficient of thermal expansion from the support shaft 4 to the outermost layer through the innermost layer and the multi-layered intermediate layer is based on the composition distribution, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the support shaft 4
- the distribution has a slope from the expansion coefficient) to the thermal expansion coefficient that approximates the thermal expansion coefficient of the arc tube body (bulb) 1F (thermal expansion coefficient of alumina).
- the outermost periphery of the closing bodies 2 and 2 A are fitted to the electrode holding holes 1 a and lb of the arc tube body 1 F.
- the outer periphery of the layer is cut or ground (step 8) to complete the closure and complete its manufacturing process.
- an occluded body 2A (similar to those in FIGS. 4 and 5) that has undergone sintering and outer peripheral processing is fitted into the electrode holding hole 1b of the arc tube main body 1F.
- the inner peripheral surface of the electrode holding hole 1b of the arc tube main body 1F is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the closing body 2A.
- an infrared or high-power laser is locally irradiated to perform concentrated heating.
- the alumina in the outermost peripheral layer composed of the eighth layer slurry of the plugging body 2A and the alumina in the arc tube main body 1F are sintered and crystallized. Since the boundary is filled with a glass phase mainly composed of a structure such as spinel or garnet, the closing body 2A and the arc tube body 1F are solid-phase bonded. As a result, the formation of a glass phase at the grain boundary of alumina between the outermost layer and the arc tube main body 1F is reduced. As a result, the closing body 2A and the arc tube main body IF are hermetically fixed.
- a sintered body 2 (see Figs. 4 and 5) is fitted to the electrode holding hole 1a of the arc tube main body 1F, and the contact area is changed to an infrared or high output laser. Intensive heating locally.
- the closing body 2 and the arc tube main body 1F are solid-phase bonded and hermetically fixed to prepare for encapsulation of a starting rare gas metal and a discharge substance.
- a rare gas metal for starting and a discharge substance (Sn-based, Na-T1-In-based, Se-Na-based, Dy-based) that emits light of a desired color are placed in the arc tube main body 1F whose both ends are sealed.
- a rare gas metal for starting and a discharge substance (Sn-based, Na-T1-In-based, Se-Na-based, Dy-based) that emits light of a desired color are placed in the arc tube main body 1F whose both ends are sealed.
- Amalgam of T1-based alloy or halide of each metal is sealed in through the introduction capillary lc and sealed with the sealant Id.
- closures 2 and 2A and the arc tube body 1F are solid-phase bonded without using solder glass or the like as before, leakage of the enclosed components is reliably avoided.
- the arc tube main body 1F with the main electrode attached in this manner is generally used by being incorporated in the outer bulb of a high-pressure discharge lamp such as a metal halide lamp.
- an arc tube in which the tungsten volume ratio in the innermost layer of the closed body 2 or the alumina volume ratio in the outermost layer of the first embodiment was set to various values within the range of the present invention, and An arc tube whose volume ratio is out of the range of the present invention (comparative product) and an arc tube (conventional product) in which an alumina closing body is fixed to an arc tube body with an alumina cermet are compared. Tables 5 and 6 show the comparison results.
- the light tube main body 1F is the same as the arc tube of this embodiment.
- the number of layers including the innermost layer, the outermost layer, and each intermediate layer between them is set to various values as shown in the table. From the innermost layer to the outermost layer through each intermediate layer, The volume ratios of alumina and tungsten were set to have an increasing slope and a decreasing slope, respectively.
- the cumulative lighting period (lighting life) when a 5-hour lighting period and a 0.5-hour lighting period were repeated and thermal stress was applied was adopted.
- the discharge material ⁇ to Hg- T1 1 3 (0. 11 g ) encapsulating a pair of main electrodes 3 to 1 OOV of voltage (100W) is lit by applying.
- the stable lighting state becomes extremely unstable. Therefore, the accumulation of the lighting period was stopped at the time of such an unstable lighting state.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion is close to that of the support shaft 4 and the arc tube main body 1F.
- the support shaft 4 having the main electrode 3 at the tip or the closing body 2, 2A inclined to the thermal expansion coefficient of the arc tube body 1F is solid-phase bonded, the heat stress resistance can be improved.
- the reliability of light emission can be enhanced and the life can be extended. Further, such an arc tube can be easily provided.
- the luminance of the light emission tube of the invention products in the case encapsulating material for discharge as a Hg- T 1 1 3 (0. 11 g) was 183, OOOnt.
- Hg- Tl I- Na I - is a case enclosing the I n 1 3 (0. 13g) , 240, was the brightness of 000 ⁇ t.
- the arc tube main body 1F of the present embodiment is a light-transmitting alumina composed of fine crystal particles having an average particle size of about 0.7 mm and a maximum particle size of about 1.4 mm, and has a grain boundary phase. Therefore, the mechanical strength (bending strength, wiper coefficient) from room temperature to the temperature at the time of discharge is increased by sintering with a sintering aid such as MgO to make the crystal grains coarse. It is better than a light-emitting ceramic arc tube.
- a sintering aid such as MgO
- the light is transmitted through the wall surface of the arc tube main body 1F.
- the luminance of the high-pressure discharge lamp of the arc tube 1 using the arc tube body 1F is improved.
- the arc tube 1 of the present embodiment has a small diameter electrode holding hole 1b.
- the amount of the sealant used is reduced to suppress the erosion of the sealant by the discharge metal vapor component (ion), leakage of the discharge metal vapor component can be more reliably avoided.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the manufacturing process and structure of the closing body in the arc tube. Therefore, this point will be described in detail.
- the reference numerals of the members in the first embodiment are given the suffix a.
- the raw material of the plugging body 2a (see FIG. 14) in the second embodiment is also composed of the above-described high-purity alumina fine powder synthesized through spray-drying of an aqueous solution of aluminum salt and subsequent pyrolysis. It is a tungsten fine powder.
- eleven types of slurries are prepared from alumina fine powder and tungsten fine powder in which the volume ratio of tungsten to alumina (tungsten / alumina) is as follows (step 1).
- Preparation of each of the above slurries is performed as follows. First, the alumina fine powder and the tungsten fine powder are weighed so that the volume ratios become the above respective numerical values, and the weighed powder is mixed with an ammonium carboxylate dispersant together with distilled water. And this Fine powder of alumina and tungsten is uniformly present in the above solvent while wet mixing by ceramic (alumina) ball mill for about 24 hours to release excess agglomeration.
- the mixing ratio (volume ratio) of the ammonium carboxylate dispersant to the fine powder in each slurry was 2 g based on 100 g of the fine powder in each slurry.
- step 2 air bubbles are removed from each prepared slurry (step 2). Specifically, the slurry taken out of the ball mill is placed in a resin container in a vacuum desiccator, and the air in the desiccator is stirred for several tens minutes by a vacuum pump while stirring the slurry in the resin container using a magnetic stirrer or the like ( For example, about 20 minutes).
- a desired molded body 20a shown in FIG. 7 is molded using the mating die 10 shown in FIG. 8 (a). Note that the vertical and horizontal ratios of the molded body 20a and the closed body 2a in FIG. 7 and FIG. 10 to be described later are not 1: 1 for convenience of drawing.
- This mating mold 10 is made of left and right symmetric molds 11a and 11b formed of a porous inorganic material such as stone cultivation or a porous resin having pores having the same function as that of Shishu. As shown in (a), it is configured by joining, and a slurry injection space 13 is formed on the joining surface of the mold 11a and lib.
- each of the molds l aa and l i b has grooves (cavities) 13a and 13b which are curved at the lower end side of the mold at the joint surfaces 15a and 15b. These grooves 13a and 13b are cut into the joining surfaces 15a and 15b by an end mill having spherical cutting teeth at the tips. The grooves 13a and 13b can be formed on the joint surfaces 15a and 15b from the beginning.
- a cylindrical body 17 is placed on the upper surface of the mating die 10, and the eleventh slurry is poured into the cylindrical body 17.
- the cylindrical body 17 is filled with a slurry having a volume equal to or larger than the slurry injection space 13.
- the lower surface of the cylindrical body 17 and the upper surface of the mating mold 10 are sealed by disposing the clay 19 in a tubular shape at the lower end of the cylindrical body 17.
- the first slurry is injected into the slurry injection space 13 and left for a predetermined time while the solvent component (here, distilled water) in the first slurry is removed from each of the porous molds 1.
- the holes 1a and 11b are sucked into the mold by capillary action.
- the wall of the slurry injection space 13 is provided with a powder bound by an ammonium carboxylate dispersant (in the case of the first slurry, (Alumina powder) is uniformly deposited along the surface of the wall surface, and a thin layer 11S is formed.
- the standing time after the slurry injection determines the thickness of the thin layer 11S. For this reason, the above-mentioned leaving time is determined in advance by experiments and the like so that the thickness of the formed thin layer 11S becomes a predetermined value. In addition, the setting of the leaving time and the slurry injection space 13 is determined in consideration of volume shrinkage during sintering and the like. The standing time in this example was appropriately adjusted so that the thickness of the thin layer 11S became a predetermined value.
- a configuration may be employed in which the outside of each mold is maintained at a negative pressure during the standing, and the solvent component in the slurry is forcibly sucked out of the mold. In this way, the filling rate can be further increased by shortening the standing time, removing bubbles in the slurry directly through a mold, and increasing the suction.
- the first slurry remaining inside the cylindrical body 17 and the inside of the thin layer 11S is drained, and then the slurry of the 10th slurry is removed in the same manner as described above. Inject, leave for a predetermined period of time, and carry out the mud, and carry out this up to the first slurry. In this way, when the injection of the slurry from the first slurry to the first slurry, the leaving for a predetermined time, and the discharge of the sludge are repeated, as shown in FIG.
- each slurry alumina alone powder, alumina powder
- tungsten alone powder the powders in each slurry are evenly deposited in a laminated manner, and thin layers 11 S, 10 S, 9 S ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ IS are formed from the slurry injection space 13 wall side. Therefore, a molded body 20a composed of each thin layer that is a precursor of the closed body 2a is formed.
- the distribution of the composition in the compact 20a is, as shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 12 (b), the volume ratio of alumina increases and slopes from 0% to 100% as shown in Fig. 12 (b), and the volume ratio of tungsten increases as shown in Fig. 12 (a). The distribution decreases from 100% to 0%.
- the thin layer 2S in the molded body 20a corresponds to the innermost peripheral layer (or the core side region layer) of the laminate 20 of the above-described embodiment, and the thin layer 11S is the laminate 20S.
- the thin layers 3 S to 10 OS correspond to the respective intermediate layers (or intermediate layers) in the laminate 20.
- the thin layers 2S to 1OS are a stacked body that is stacked around the center layer 1S so as to cover the center layer 1S.
- Step 4 When the pouring of each slurry, the leaving for a predetermined time, and the discharge of the sludge are completed, the combined mold 10 is divided and the molded body 20a having the shape shown in FIG. 7 is released, and the solvent is removed from the molded body 20a. Dry until completely removed (Step 4).
- the molded body 20a is subjected to a heat treatment of 60 CTC X 10 hours in a humidified hydrogen-reducing atmosphere to degrease and calcine the molded body 20a (step 5).
- a heat treatment 60 CTC X 10 hours in a humidified hydrogen-reducing atmosphere to degrease and calcine the molded body 20a (step 5).
- the dispersant blended during the preparation of the slurry is thermally decomposed, and the molded body 20a is degreased.
- Step 6 the support shaft 4 supporting the main electrode 3 is fitted into the support holding hole 21 a provided at the tip of the center layer 1 S, and the support shaft 2 Fit the tungsten shaft 5 and set the main electrode 3.
- the compact 20a after setting the main electrode 3 is subjected to a post-stage heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum atmosphere to sinter the compact 20a (step 7).
- the thin layers of the compact 20a are solid-phase bonded and integrated as in the case of the laminate 20 in the above embodiment. Further, the support shaft 4 and the shaft 5 and the thin layer 1S are fixed by volume reduction due to sintering or coexistence of tungsten.
- the closed body 2a obtained after sintering is firmly connected to the support shaft 4 and the shaft 5 supporting the main electrode 3, and hermetically seals and fixes the support shaft 4, that is, the main electrode 3.
- the closing body 2a is completed, and the entire manufacturing process is completed.
- the outer diameter of the closed body 2a obtained by sintering is determined by considering the volume shrinkage during sintering. Rally injection space Determined by the mystery of 13. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform the outer peripheral processing.Furthermore, the distribution of the coefficient of thermal expansion from the support shaft 4 to the thin layer 1OS through the thin layer 2S or the thin layer 9S is based on the coarse component cloth. The distribution is inclined from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the support shaft 4 (the coefficient of thermal expansion of tungsten) to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the arc tube body 1F (the coefficient of thermal expansion of alumina).
- the completed closure 2a is fitted and assembled into the electrode holding hole 1a of the arc tube main body 1F as shown in Fig. 14, and the infrared or high power is output over the contact range of the arc tube main body 1F.
- the laser is locally irradiated and heated intensively.
- the thin layer 1 of the closing body 2a and the alumina in the arc tube body 1F and the alumina in the arc tube body 1F form a glass phase at the grain boundary at the joint surface. a and the arc tube body 1F are solid-phase bonded.
- the closing body 2a and the light emitting tube main body 1F are hermetically fixed and enclose the starting rare gas metal and the discharge substance.
- the arc tube shown in FIG. 14 is completed.
- the lighting life of the arc tube using the closed body 2a was also measured when the lighting and extinguishing were repeated. As a result, extremely high durability could be obtained as in the case of the arc tube using the closed body 2.
- the thermal stress resistance can be improved based on the closure 2a inclined to the expansion coefficient. As a result, due to the excellent heat stress resistance, the reliability of light emission can be enhanced and the life can be extended. Further, such a light emitting tube can be easily provided.
- the thin layer 11S exposed in the arc tube body 1F was made to have an alumina volume ratio of 100%, that is, the insulator. Therefore, generation of a back arc from the main electrode 3 can be avoided. C As a result, capable of obtaining a more stable lighting state
- the main electrode 3 essential for electric discharge and the shaft 5 serving as an external terminal are hermetically sealed in common by a thin layer (center layer) 1 S having a tungsten volume ratio of 100%.
- a predetermined voltage can be applied to the main electrode 3 without any trouble.
- the thickness of each thin layer is made uniform, and the composition distribution and the gradient of the coefficient of thermal expansion over each layer can be reliably ensured.
- Alumina fine powder having a purity of 99.999 mo 1% or more was used as a raw material for the arc tube main body 1F, the closing body 2, and the closing body 2a, but the obtained arc tube body 1F was used as the arc tube.
- Any practical linear transmittance linear transmittance for light having a wavelength of 380 to 760 nm may be provided, and it is not limited to such alumina fine powder.
- oxides such as alumina, magnesia, zirconia, and yttrium are mainly composed of nitrides such as aluminum nitride, and are compounded with compounds (sintering aids, etc.) that suppress abnormal grain growth and further promote sintering. It may be added and sintered to produce the arc tube main body 1F. Then, the closed body 2 and the closed body 2a may be manufactured using the same ceramic fine powder as the manufactured arc tube body 1F. More specifically, an arc tube body 1F was prepared from alumina fine powder having a purity of 99.2 mo 1% and an average particle diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 m. The closed body 2 and the closed body 2a may be prepared from the fine powder.
- tungsten fine powder was used as a raw material for the closing body 2 and the closing body 2a
- the material is not limited to this and can be changed according to the material of the support shaft 4 as the core.
- the support shaft 4 is made of niobium
- fine niobium powder may be used as a raw material for the closing body 2 and the closing body 2a.
- the shape of the arc tube body may be any shape.
- it does not have a large-diameter electrode holding hole 1a and a small-diameter electrode holding hole 1b at both ends as in the arc tube body 1F of the above embodiment, but is simply a cylindrical shape having both ends opened.
- the arc tube body described above, or an arc tube body having a curved conduit may be used.
- the manufacturing method of the first embodiment in forming the laminate 20 on the outer periphery of the tungsten support shaft 4 supporting the main electrode 3, the application of each mixed slurry is performed.
- a green sheet may be prepared in advance from each of the mixed slurries, and the green sheet may be laminated on the outer periphery of the support shaft 4 by sequentially winding the green sheet in descending order of tungsten volume ratio. .
- the heating is performed by local heating over the contact area, but the vicinity of the support shaft 4 may be heated.
- the closures 2 and 2a and the arc tube body 1F can be solid-phase bonded.
- sintering of the closures 2 and 2a can be performed in a state where the closures 2 and 2a after degreasing are assembled to the arc tube body 1F.
- the closing body 2 when the closing body 2 is assembled to the arc tube main body 1F, the closing body 2 is fitted into the electrode holding hole la.
- the following configuration may be adopted. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, the closing body 2 is brought into contact with the opening end side of the arc tube main body 1F, and the end face of the arc tube main body 1F is brought into contact with the side surface of the outermost layer of the closing body 2. Then, the contact area is locally heated, and the closing body 2 and the arc tube main body 1F are solid-phase bonded at the end surfaces.
- the gradient of the volume ratio of alumina to tungsten in the mixed slurry is not limited to the one shown in the above embodiment, but various gradients can be adopted.
- the closing body 2 can also be manufactured using a functionally graded material in which the composition ratio linearly changes from the core portion side to the valve side.
- the closing member air-tightly solid-phase bonded to the opening of the arc tube body made of translucent ceramic is formed into a multilayer laminate, and the The distribution of the coefficient of thermal expansion from the innermost layer on the conductive core side to the outermost layer on the arc tube body side is calculated from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the conductive core based on the composition ratio gradient of each layer. The distribution was inclined until reaching the coefficient of thermal expansion of the tube body.
- the composition of each layer is inclined, and the layers and the closing body and the arc tube main body can be firmly and airtightly solid-phase bonded to each other. Also, based on the gradient distribution of the coefficient of thermal expansion, it is possible to reduce the concentration of thermal stress generated during lighting, thereby avoiding the occurrence of cracks in the solid-phase joint. As a result, it is possible to improve the reliability of light emission and to prolong the life thereof by avoiding leakage of the sealed substance in the arc tube.
- the arc tube of the above embodiment has an arc tube body (bulb) made of high-purity translucent alumina having an average particle size of 1 m or less and a maximum particle size of 2 Aim or less.
- arc tube body made of high-purity translucent alumina having an average particle size of 1 m or less and a maximum particle size of 2 Aim or less.
- the amount of light transmitted through the high-intensity discharge lamp arc tube suppresses the scattering of light. Is almost equal to the amount of light.
- brightness can be further improved by thinning.
- the plugging body is sintered using this light-purity alumina, the durability of the arc tube as a whole can be improved by improving the mechanical strength of the plugging body itself.
- a plurality of suspensions having different volume ratios are prepared in advance, and a plurality of suspensions having different volume ratios are used to form a laminated closure having a coefficient of thermal expansion gradient. It is possible to easily produce an obstruction, and to tightly and air-tightly solid-phase join the obstruction and the arc tube body. That is, a highly reliable arc tube having a long life can be easily manufactured. In addition, it is possible to separately sinter and produce a laminated plug having a thermal expansion coefficient that is inclinedly distributed, and to solid-phase-bond the plug to the arc tube main body.
- the stacking is performed in the order of the volume ratio of the conductive member components, and the unsintered laminate which is the precursor of the laminated closing body having a gradient of thermal expansion coefficient can be easily produced.
- a plurality of suspensions having different volume ratios are formed in advance into green sheets, and the stacking is performed in the order of increasing the volume ratio of the conductive member (or core) component by a simple process of winding the green sheets.
- the injection of the suspension into the mold made of a porous material, the penetration of the solvent into the mold, and the discharge of the excess suspension into the conductive member (or The core part) By the simple process of repeating from the lower volume ratio of the component, the thin layers are laminated in the order of the volume ratio of the conductive member components, and the laminated plug having the thermal expansion coefficient inclined distribution is formed.
- An unsintered laminate that is a precursor can be easily produced.
- the thickness of each thin layer is made uniform, and the composition distribution and the gradient of the coefficient of thermal expansion over each layer can be reliably ensured.
- a central layer capable of establishing electrical connection with the outside is formed in the innermost peripheral layer of the closed body with a conductive member component, and a predetermined voltage of the main electrode is applied through the central layer without any trouble. Can be.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the arc tube according to the third embodiment, in particular, the structure of the sealed portion of the arc tube body or the bulb incorporated in the outer cylinder of the metal vapor discharge lamp in detail. Openings 302 are formed at both ends of the pulp 301, and an end cap 303 as a closing body is integrally attached to the opening end 302, and the core of the closing body is fitted to the end cap 303. The electrode rod 304 as a part is held through.
- the bulb 301 is made of translucent polycrystalline alumina
- the electrode rod 304 is made of a W (tungsten) -based material such as WZT h, which has excellent resistance to luminescent substances.
- Each electrode rod 304 is provided with a male screw part 304 screwed to the end cap 303 and a flange part 360 abutting on the outer end face of the end cap 303.
- the outside is sealed with a sealing agent 307 such as platinum-glass, and a hole 308 for enclosing amalgam is formed in one of the electrode rods 304.
- the end cap 303 has a multilayer structure as in the above embodiment. That is, the end cap 303 includes a plurality of layers 303, 303 2 ...
- each layer 303i, 3 03 "layer interposed between (intermediate region layer) 303 2 ?? 303 ⁇ -, its thermal expansion coefficient of the inner layer 303: thermal expansion from the thermal expansion coefficient of the outer layer 303 [pi of The composition ratio of each layer is adjusted so that the coefficient gradually changes.
- each layer is gradually increasing thickness from the inner layer 303t toward the outer layer 303 n. By doing so, the stress generated by thermal expansion can be alleviated more effectively.
- a tapered gap 310 is formed between the electrode rod 304 and the electrode rod 304 to prevent the electrode rod 304 from coming into contact with the layers 303,...
- the slip for manufacturing the end cap 303 is adjusted.
- composition ratio of the raw material powder for each slip when the end cap 303 is composed of a total of 11 layers is shown in Table 7 below.
- the composition ratio is% by weight. .
- a cylindrical mold 312 is set on a plate or a gypsum plate 311 made of a porous material, and the slips S1 adjusted in the above-described process are set in the mold 312.
- the Sn is sequentially injected to form a laminate. Incidentally, so as not to mix already injected slip in case of implanting slip St & S n, injecting the next slip from losing Surippugaa Ru extent moisture already injected. In this case, it is considered that the solvent in the slip permeates the plate 311.
- Fig. 18 (b) set the forming rod 313 before injecting the slip, or set the forming rod 313 after injecting the slip, and when the laminate is almost dry, laminate from the mold 312.
- an end cap 303 having a tapered through hole 314 as shown in FIG. 18 (c) is obtained.
- the shape of the through hole 314 may be a step as shown in FIG.
- valve 301 molded from pure alumina slip is prepared, and the end cap 3 is wetted and attached to the end of the valve 301 as shown in FIG. In this state, the valve 301 and the end cap 3 are in an unsintered state, and the valve 1 is not permeable.
- the above-mentioned valve 301 and end cap 303 are degreased at 600 ° C. for 5 hours in a humidified hydrogen reducing atmosphere, and then sintered at 130 CTC for 5 hours in a dry hydrogen reducing atmosphere.
- the obtained sintered body is subjected to HIP treatment in an argon atmosphere, and again subjected to annealing treatment with 115 O'C in a dry hydrogen reduction atmosphere, thereby obtaining a light-transmitting valve 5301 And the end cap 303 are integrated.
- a female thread 309 is formed by threading the hole 314 formed in the end cap 303, and the electrode rod 304 is inserted by inserting the electrode rod 304 into the male screw part 3 of the electrode rod 304.
- 0 5 is screwed into the female screw section 3 09 of the end cap 3 0 3
- the electrode rod 3 0 4 is fixed and sealed with platinum 3 0 7, and further to one electrode rod 3 0 4 Amalgam is sealed in the bulb 301 through the formed hole 3008 using a jig made of platinum pipe to complete the lamp.
- the valve and the end cap are sintered at the same time.
- the valve and the end cap may be separately sintered and then joined.
- a translucent alumina tube can be obtained by subjecting the alumina valve to consistent degreasing and sintering in the atmosphere, followed by HIP treatment, and further annealing in the atmosphere.
- the end cap is sintered in the same manner as above, but the HIP treatment and the annealing treatment are not required.
- the bulb and the end cap can be joined by laser heating in a vacuum or at least 200 ° C. or by glass having the same thermal expansion coefficient as the alumina.
- the glass material a high melting point molten glass having a softening point of 90 O'C or more is preferable.
- a doctor blade method and an injection molding method are also possible in addition to the slip casting.
- the adjusted slurry is formed into a desired tape thickness and integrated by thermocompression bonding to obtain an end cap exhibiting a tilting function5.
- Valves can also be obtained by molding using the same slurry or by pouring into a mold and solidifying.
- a plate having a desired thickness is formed, and these are heated and bonded, and then thermocompression-bonded to a preformed valve.
- the open end of the metal vapor discharge lamp is sealed.
- the end cap has a multilayer structure, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of each layer is gradually changed from the end of the valve opening that contacts the valve to the core that holds the electrode, and the end cap itself functions as a gradient material. Therefore, damage due to a difference in thermal expansion and leakage of metal vapor sealed in the valve can be effectively prevented.
- FIG. 19 shows a partially modified example of the third embodiment.
- the valve 301 'in this modification differs from the valve 301 shown in FIG. 16 in that an end face portion 301a is formed without opening all of both ends of the valve.
- the tapered through-hole 314 has a small opening in the end face portion 30 la so that the electrode rod 304 can be inserted into the bulb.
- FIG. 20 shows a sectional view of a main part of a light emitting tube according to a fourth embodiment, which is incorporated in an outer cylinder of a metal vapor discharge lamp.
- the electrode sealing portion 403 is formed using an alumina material having a lower purity (for example, 93 to 97%) than the bulb 401 serving as the light emitting portion, and the first layer 403 a as the bulb side region and the core portion are formed. It has a multilayer structure composed of a second layer 403b as a side area (three or more layers may be provided by providing an intermediate area layer in the intermediate area as described above).
- the first layer 403a on the inner wall surface side of the valve 401 is formed of, for example, 96% -purity alumina
- the inner second layer 403b is formed of, for example, 93% -purity alumina.
- an electrode rod 404 as a core part is inserted into the electrode sealing part 403, and a cap 405 made of alumina through which the electrode rod 404 penetrates is inserted into the opening end side of the valve 401.
- Sealing obtained by melting and cooling the glass solder between the electrode 404 and the electrode rod 404, between the electrode rod 404 and the cap 405, between the bulb 401 and the end of the electrode sealing portion 403 and the cap 405, etc. Sealed with glass 406.
- the purity of the cap 405 is preferably an average value of the purity of the bulb 401 and the electrode sealing portion 403. Further, the cap 405 may be omitted as necessary.
- the electrode sealing portion 403 made of an alumina material having a lower purity than the valve 411 in the opening of the valve 411 in this manner, the inner wall of the electrode sealing portion 403 can be formed.
- the glass component exists at the grain boundary of the alumina ceramic, the adhesion to the glass solder for sealing is good, and the sealing property is improved.
- the generation of thermal stress can be suppressed.
- high purity (4 N or more) of light-transmissive alumina container C 41 as shown in FIG. 2 1 a fine alumina powder, low purity (9 3% in this example) in a container C 42 alumina powder it Prepare.
- the low-purity alumina fine powder contains silica, magnesia, etc. as impurities, and it is desirable that both alumina fine powders have similar sintering behavior.
- the slicing porous sludge type or stone XU type 4 1 1 (showing the cross section and plan view of only one type) is shown. leave masking peripheral mouth with the mask 4 1 2, first pouring of high purity alumina slip S 4 1 container C 43, as indicated in the figure (c), the predetermined time standing in a high-purity alumina layer 4 After incubating 1 3, drain it.
- FIG. (E) Shown in Thus, a 96% alumina layer 414 is formed on the inner periphery of the high-purity alumina layer 413, and a 96% -purity alumina layer 414 is formed on the other end in the same manner.
- one end of the stone ⁇ 41 1 is immersed in Aruminasuritsu flop S 43 93% pure as only inking sealing portion is performed, and FIG. (F) as shown in 96% alumina layer 414 A 93.5% alumina layer 415 is formed on the inner periphery of the substrate, and a 93% purity alumina layer 415 is formed on the other end in the same manner.
- the light-emitting part is made of a translucent alumina layer and the sealing part is made of a white low-purity alumina layer.
- a bulb 401 serving as an electrode sealing portion 403 is obtained.
- the firing of the valve is performed by selecting the powder, firing in air at 1350 ° C for 6 hours, and then performing hot isostatic heating at 1350 ° C for 2 hours in an argon atmosphere at 1000 atm. You can also get.
- low-purity alumina generally hardly sinters at this temperature, and the alumina purity at the innermost periphery of the sealing portion must be 97% or more.
- An electrode sealing portion 523 having a laminated structure of 20 is formed, an electrode rod 524 as a core is inserted into the electrode sealing portion 523, and the electrode rod 524 penetrates outside the electrode sealing portion 523.
- a cap 525 made of alumina is fitted, and the electrode sealing portion 523, the electrode bar 524, and the cap 525 are sealed with a sealing glass 526.
- the electrode sealing portion 523 has a lower purity (for example, 99 to
- the cap 525 is made of alumina having the same purity as that of the third layer 523c.
- cap 525 can be omitted as necessary.
- high-purity (4N or more) alumina fine powder for translucent alumina and low-purity (93% in this case) alumina fine powder were prepared and weighed. in distilled water, it was added a predetermined amount of a commercially available dispersing agent and a binder, 24 hours ball - to the mill process, a high purity (4N) aluminous 0 lip S 51 to the container C 51, as shown in FIG. 25, the container the alumina slip S 52 97% purity of the C 52, the Aruminasuri-up S 53 of purity 95% to a container C 53, to prepare a 93% pure Aruminasuri-up S 54 respectively to the container C 54.
- a cylindrical mold 532 corresponding to the outer diameter of the valve is set on a porous plate or a gypsum plate 531, and a molding rod 53 3 is formed in the center of the mold 532.
- purity 9 3% alumina slip S 54, 95% purity Aruminasuri-up S 53, 97% alumina slip S 52 and purity A high-purity alumina slip S51 is sequentially injected to form a laminate.
- a pipe 534 serving as a valve 5 21 molded from high-purity alumina slip S '51 as shown in FIG. 26 a high-purity alumina slip S 5 as the end portion 522 a of the valve 521 is dried In this state, the pipe 534 is inserted into the mold 532 and integrated to obtain a molded body as shown in FIG. 27 (b). Thereafter, sintering, processing, and assembling of the formed body are performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
- an electrode sealing portion made of alumina material of lower purity than the light emitting portion is formed at both ends of the bulb, and a glass solder or a sealing glass is provided on the electrode sealing portion. so as to contact, thus c is prevented from contacting the utmost valves, to improve the reliability of the sealing, and long lamp life.
- the composition of the electrode sealing portion has an inclined structure, so that the sealing effect at the sealing portion is further improved.
- a bulb 601 as an arc tube shown in FIG. 28 is made of translucent polycrystalline alumina incorporated in an outer cylinder of a metal vapor discharge lamp.
- An alumina cap 604 as a closing body is fitted into both ends of the opening 602 of the valve 601 via a sealing glass 603.
- the valve 601 with high-purity alumina portion 604a of the valve side region is made of pure 99.99% of Al 2 0 3 the faces, the low-purity alumina portion 604c as the core side region faces the outer valve 601 with consisting 93.0% of Al 2 0 3, composition gradient portion 604b as an intermediate zone in contact with the high-purity alumina portion 604 a
- the portion has a purity of 99.99% and gradually decreases in purity toward the low-purity alumina portion 604c, and the portion in contact with the low-purity alumina portion 604c has a purity of 93.0%.
- the separation strength is greatly improved.
- the low-purity alumina portion 604c has a larger width along the valve axis direction than the high-purity alumina portion 604a.
- axial holes 605 and 606 are formed in the cap 604, and the internal electrode rod 607 is pressed into the hole 605, and the external electrode rod (lead) 608 is pressed into the hole 606. are doing.
- the diameters of the holes 605 and 606 are set to be about 200 / im larger than the electrodes 607 and 608 after sintering. In this way, the cap is not hindered by the electrode during sintering and does not crack.
- a radial hole 609 communicating with the axial hole 605 is formed in the low-purity alumina portion 604c from the side thereof toward the inside, and the inside of the radial hole 609 and the outer peripheral surface of the low-purity alumina portion 604c are formed.
- the conductive film 610 is for better conduction between the internal electrode 607 and the external 608, and may be Nb, Ta, Mo, Ni, or the like.
- a plurality of kinds prepare a slip S 63 having a purity between mixing the above two kinds of slip S 61, S 62 and 9 9.99% and 93.0% as shown in FIG. 2 (b), Thereafter, poured from a high purity slip S 61 sequentially into a mold 615 that is set on the porous material or gypsum material 614 as shown in FIG. 29 (c), forming a cap molded body 616 prior to sintering by one inking I do.
- FIG. 30 shows a method in which the method of manufacturing the illuminant according to the sixth embodiment is partially changed.
- two porous bodies or cultivated bodies 614a, 614b and molds 615a, 615b are used to form a high-purity alumina part as shown in FIG. 30 (b).
- a compact 616a to be a composition gradient portion and a compact 616b to be a low-purity alumina portion are formed.
- a conductive paste is applied to the surface of the molded body 616b, and the molded body 616a is adhered and integrated with the conductive paste. Then, firing is performed with the external electrode 608 inserted, to obtain a cap 604 shown in FIG. 30 (d). In this case, the conductive paste connecting the molded body 616a and the molded body 616b is electrically connected between the internal electrode 607 and the external electrode 608. Therefore, the strange direction hole 609 as shown in FIG. 29 (d) is unnecessary.
- the opening of the arc tube of the metal vapor discharge lamp is closed.
- a cabinet in which the internal and external electrodes are separated and attached is a high-purity alumina section facing the inside of the light-emitting tube, a low-purity alumina section facing the outside of the arc tube, and a composition gradient connecting these high-purity alumina sections and the low-purity alumina section. constituted by a part, improved since the formation of the conductive film to conduct the internal electrode and the external electrode to the low-purity alumina portion surface, the ⁇ strength of the conductive film to 1 OkgZcm 2 order of conventional L ⁇ 4kgZcm 2 It can be done.
- a high-purity aluminum portion is exposed in the arc tube, deterioration of lamp characteristics due to corrosive components such as Na can be suppressed, and a conductive film is not formed on the high-purity alumina portion and the composition gradient portion.
- a back arc can be prevented, and a metal such as Nb, Ta, Mo, or Ni can be used as the conductive film (metallization).
- the sealed portion of the arc tube of the present invention it is possible to provide a highly reliable and long-life arc tube for discharge or the like.
- a metal vapor discharge lamp such as a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp or a sodium lamp, or a high-intensity discharge lamp.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93914987A EP0650184B1 (en) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-09 | Structure of sealing part of arc tube and method of manufacturing the same |
| AU45145/93A AU4514593A (en) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-09 | Structure of sealing part of arc tube and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP50317694A JP3456212B2 (ja) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-09 | 発光管の封止部構造及び製造方法 |
| KR1019940704872A KR100303570B1 (ko) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-09 | 발광관의봉지부구조및제조방법 |
| DE69331991T DE69331991T2 (de) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-09 | Struktur von abtichtungsteil einer bogenröhre und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4/206092 | 1992-07-09 | ||
| JP20609292 | 1992-07-09 | ||
| JP4/323676 | 1992-11-09 | ||
| JP32367692 | 1992-11-09 | ||
| JP5/28682 | 1993-01-25 | ||
| JP2868293 | 1993-01-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994001884A1 true WO1994001884A1 (fr) | 1994-01-20 |
Family
ID=27286281
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1993/000959 Ceased WO1994001884A1 (fr) | 1992-07-09 | 1993-07-09 | Structure de la partie de scellement d'un tube a decharge et procede de fabrication |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0650184B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3456212B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100303570B1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU4514593A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2139839A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69331991T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1994001884A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006092946A (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | 管球および封止部材 |
| JP2010232126A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Panasonic Corp | 放電管及び放電管の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5742123A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1998-04-21 | Toto Ltd. | Sealing structure for light-emitting bulb assembly and method of manufacturing same |
| US5861714A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-19 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Ceramic envelope device, lamp with such a device, and method of manufacture of such devices |
| DE19727428A1 (de) * | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-07 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Metallhalogenidlampe mit keramischem Entladungsgefäß |
| DE19727429A1 (de) | 1997-06-27 | 1999-01-07 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Metallhalogenidlampe mit keramischem Entladungsgefäß |
| US6020685A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-02-01 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Lamp with radially graded cermet feedthrough assembly |
| JP3736710B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-08 | 2006-01-18 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | 管球用電気導入体 |
| JP3628854B2 (ja) | 1997-11-14 | 2005-03-16 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 高圧放電灯及びその製造方法 |
| EP1107286A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-13 | Ushiodenki Kabushiki Kaisha | High pressure mercury lamp |
| US6873108B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2005-03-29 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Monolithic seal for a sapphire metal halide lamp |
| JP2003346722A (ja) * | 2002-05-28 | 2003-12-05 | Nec Lighting Ltd | 高圧放電ランプおよびその製造方法 |
| US20060145625A1 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2006-07-06 | Nobuyoshi Takeuchi | Metal halide lamp |
| WO2005122214A1 (ja) * | 2004-06-08 | 2005-12-22 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | 発光容器および高圧放電灯用発光容器 |
| JP4798791B2 (ja) * | 2004-06-08 | 2011-10-19 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 脆性材料−金属構造体 |
| US20090072743A1 (en) * | 2004-10-25 | 2009-03-19 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Electric discharge lamp |
| US20060211568A1 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | High Total Transmittance Alumina Discharge Vessels Having Submicron Grain Size |
| JP4454527B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2010-04-21 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 発光管及び高圧放電灯 |
| US7247591B2 (en) | 2005-05-26 | 2007-07-24 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Translucent PCA ceramic, ceramic discharge vessel, and method of making |
| US8299709B2 (en) | 2007-02-05 | 2012-10-30 | General Electric Company | Lamp having axially and radially graded structure |
| US20140073215A1 (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-13 | General Electric Company | Reduced mass end plugs for voidless cmh lamps |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01302652A (ja) * | 1988-05-30 | 1989-12-06 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | セラミック放電灯 |
| JPH0215557A (ja) * | 1988-07-04 | 1990-01-19 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | 高圧ナトリウムランプ |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2032277A1 (de) | 1970-06-25 | 1971-12-30 | Egyesuelt Izzolampa | Stromzuführungskonstruktion fur kera mische Entladungslampen |
| JPH06724B2 (ja) * | 1988-12-08 | 1994-01-05 | 田辺製薬株式会社 | ナフタレン誘導体 |
| US5404078A (en) * | 1991-08-20 | 1995-04-04 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh | High-pressure discharge lamp and method of manufacture |
-
1993
- 1993-07-09 DE DE69331991T patent/DE69331991T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-09 WO PCT/JP1993/000959 patent/WO1994001884A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1993-07-09 JP JP50317694A patent/JP3456212B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-09 EP EP93914987A patent/EP0650184B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-09 CA CA002139839A patent/CA2139839A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-09 AU AU45145/93A patent/AU4514593A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-09 KR KR1019940704872A patent/KR100303570B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01302652A (ja) * | 1988-05-30 | 1989-12-06 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | セラミック放電灯 |
| JPH0215557A (ja) * | 1988-07-04 | 1990-01-19 | Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp | 高圧ナトリウムランプ |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP0650184A4 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006092946A (ja) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp | 管球および封止部材 |
| JP2010232126A (ja) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-14 | Panasonic Corp | 放電管及び放電管の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69331991D1 (de) | 2002-07-11 |
| DE69331991T2 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
| KR100303570B1 (ko) | 2001-12-01 |
| JP3456212B2 (ja) | 2003-10-14 |
| EP0650184B1 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
| EP0650184A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| EP0650184A4 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
| CA2139839A1 (en) | 1994-01-20 |
| AU4514593A (en) | 1994-01-31 |
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