WO1994011101A1 - Appareil et procede de reduction de polluants dans un ecoulement gazeux residuaire - Google Patents

Appareil et procede de reduction de polluants dans un ecoulement gazeux residuaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994011101A1
WO1994011101A1 PCT/US1992/009880 US9209880W WO9411101A1 WO 1994011101 A1 WO1994011101 A1 WO 1994011101A1 US 9209880 W US9209880 W US 9209880W WO 9411101 A1 WO9411101 A1 WO 9411101A1
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Prior art keywords
effluent gas
control device
electric arc
pollution control
gas flow
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PCT/US1992/009880
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English (en)
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Edward O. Taylor
Carole A. Taylor
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NU ARC SCIENTIFIC Inc
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NU ARC SCIENTIFIC Inc
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Priority to AU31389/93A priority Critical patent/AU3138993A/en
Priority to PCT/US1992/009880 priority patent/WO1994011101A1/fr
Publication of WO1994011101A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994011101A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0892—Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • B01D53/323—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00 by electrostatic effects or by high-voltage electric fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for reducing pollutants in effluent gas flow, particularly exhaust emissions resulting from combustion processes.
  • Air pollution chemistry is a complex issue. Many different sources have created emission reaction in quantum proportions.
  • the carbon/oxygen/nitrogen cycles interplay in all aspects of organic and inorganic life and in all chemical reactions. These cycles have photochemical reactions (vibrational reaction due to light absorption) , as well as physical vibrational reactions due to the interplay of excited electrons from electrochemical interactions. It is in these three cycles, as illustrated by natural processes, that air pollution chemistry finds its effectiveness and explanations.
  • the hydroxyl radical is, with several important exceptions, the key reactive intermediate in the photo-oxidation of most inorganic and many organic compounds found in polluted atmospheres.
  • the N03 and the HOHO radicals also play important roles in the atmosphere.
  • the primary air pollutants are NO, N02, S02, C02, and hydrocarbons.
  • Devices which reduce the entrance of these compounds into the atmosphere and which are efficient and inexpensive are desired.
  • a variety of devices and the methods for removing pollutants from effluent gas flows are available today. Such devices and methods focus on the use of mechanical, electrical, electro-mechanical, and chemical processes. Typical examples of such prior art methods include filters, aqueous scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, catalytic converters.
  • the present invention is directed to a system comprising a series of electrical and non-electrical components for the purpose of reducing and/or changing the emissions from all types of sources -including, but not limited to, combustion.
  • This system accomplishes its purpose through the principal of disassociation chemistry and/or recombination.
  • the system takes the exhaust emissions from an engine, or the by-product of a combustion system, and essentially completes the biological cycles of the nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen in the emissions, stabilizing them by a form of simple harmonic resonance. Once stabilized, the disassociated and recombined emissions can then be released into the atmosphere as stable air products minus the pollutants which are harmful to humans, plants, and animals.
  • the method and apparatus for reducing pollutants in effluent gas flow is an engineered chemical alteration of the pollutants in the effluent gas.
  • the method comprises the steps of subjecting an effluent gas flow to ionization in a simple harmonic resonance field within a special walled chamber and then subjecting the effluent gas flow to a continuous non-carbon electric arc. It is believed that what occurs is an electromechanical process that incorporates cycles and precursor relationships of effluent gas chemical constituents into specially designed chambers that simulate natural biological reaction sites.
  • Simple harmonic motion can be defined in the following way.
  • a particle moving along the X axis is said to exhibit simple harmonic motion when the displacement for equilibrium, X, varies in time according to the relationship:
  • A amplitude of motion is the maximum displacement of the particle in either positive or negative X direction;
  • W is called the angular frequencies; ⁇ (the constant angle) is called the phase constant or phase angle and along with A (amplitude) is determined unequally by the initial displacement and velocity of the particle.
  • the first system is ionization within the resonance chamber.
  • the resonance chamber is designed on the principal of simple harmonic resonance, that being a simple harmonic motion, oscillatory and controllable.
  • the second system is a plasma field produced by an electric discharge system within a spherical or cylindrical chamber.
  • the chamber generates a membrane-like barrier through which the effluent gas constituents pass.
  • the field which is generated is a multi-charged field and the gases are potentialized so that when they are released into the environment, the ultra violet light as well as the entire solar spectrum energizes the gases to inert non-toxic gases.
  • the simple harmonic resonance field and the continuous electric arc are created by an alternating current.
  • the simple harmonic resonance field may also be created by other means such as physical vibration, sound or light, forced oscillation, or any other means for creating a resonance may be utilized.
  • the apparatus of the present invention it is preferable, although optional, to regulate the temperature, humidity and velocity of the effluent gas flow before subjecting the effluent gas to the resonance field and electric arc.
  • This preconditioning of the effluent gas may be accomplished in the present invention by transporting the effluent gas through various preconditioning chambers.
  • the preconditioning chambers have reactive walls that aid in controlling the bonding energy of the particles as they pass through the chambers.
  • Means for temperature regulation of the effluent gas flow comprises at least one heat exchanger located at the entranceway of the effluent gas flow, in which heat from the effluent gas is allowed to flow from or to the effluent gas through the heat exchanger.
  • Means for regulating the velocity of the effluent gas flow comprises at least one expansion chamber where the gas flow is decompressed.
  • Means for regulating the velocity further comprises a gas flow regulator.
  • a fan or damper, or any means for regulating flow of gas may be used as the gas flow regulator.
  • preconditioning is used to denote altering the temperature, speed of gas flow, pressure, etc. of the effluent gas, it does not mean chemical preconditioning.
  • Chemical catalysts are not required, but may be helpful if they assist in accomplishing the derived effect.
  • the resonance field to which the gas flow is subjected is an alternating current electric field.
  • the effluent gas flow is passed through a wire grid vertically placed within a metallic or non- metallic chamber to which an alternating current is applied.
  • the effluent gas flow is controlled within the electromagnetic multi-charged field and with simple harmonic resonance, becomes ionized.
  • the effluent gas is then passed through a cylindrically shaped chamber within which two electrodes are placed substantially perpendicular to the flow of the effluent gas. Between the two electrodes a continuous electric arc is generated and an electromagnetic plasma field is formed.
  • the arc field system is essentially a semipermeable-like membrane which creates a plasma with multi-zoned vectoral field.
  • the effluent gas flows through the continuous electric arc system and is discharged into the air as stabilized air particles.
  • the discharge from the system may also be passed back into the air intake of the engine or other effluent gas source from which the effluent gas originated. When the discharge is passed into the air intake, this allows for no outside air to enter the engine, and surprisingly, may increase the fuel efficiency of the engine.
  • the system of the present invention can be broken down into two categories, the principal components and the support components.
  • a first principal component comprises the ionization steps of the system which, it is believed, controls disassociation and recombination of the compounds.
  • the ionization step occurs in a resonance chamber wherein toxic air emissions are disassociated, and then through resonance are stabilized.
  • a second principal component of the present invention comprises an electric arc.
  • the electric arc is produced for the purpose of providing, it is believed, four very specific requirements of disassociation and recombination. These four requirements are a magnetic field, light of photolization, alternating electrification, and energy of oxidation.
  • the second category of the present invention comprises an inlet fan designed to relieve any back pressure that may result and to regulate the flow of gas, and at least one expansion chamber used for decompression of the effluent gasses.
  • Each of the components are connected by a piping system.
  • the size of the pipes may regulate resistance to the exhaust gases as the gases are distributed through the system.
  • Figure 2 is a cut-away perspective view illustrating a resonance chamber of the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the electric arc 0 collar of the apparatus of Figure 1 taken along the line 3- 3.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective schematic of the preferred embodiment within the scope of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the heat 5 exchanger of the apparatus of Figure 4 taken along line 5- 5.
  • Figure 6 is a cut-away perspective view illustrating an expansion chamber of the embodiment of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the ° present invention wherein gasses passing through the apparatus of the present invention are recycled back to the effluent gas source.
  • Plasma physics is pertinent to the full use of the mass of a gas because the plasma field breaks the bonds of each gas in the mass in an orderly and manageable equilibrium enabling usage of the complete energy potential in the target gas by recombination methods afforded by plasma technology.
  • Gas effluents, as well, can be clipped from the gas exhaust of engines, turbines, boilers, machines, etc., and recombined to make other products, or destroyed or released as harmless natural elements to the environment.
  • Plasma physics is that field of physics which relates to the study of highly ionized gases.
  • a gas which is composed of a nearly equal number of positive and negative free charges (positive ions and electrons) is called a plasma. Because it is composed of charged particles, a plasma exhibits many phenomena not encountered in ordinary gases.
  • the charged particles of a plasma are each surrounded with a Coulomb's field; it is through this field that they interact with each other. Microscopically, these electrostatic fields give rise to localized attractive or repulsive forces between the particles as they pass near each other, resulting in mutual neutralization.
  • the plasma reacts as a conducting fluid to the total electromagnetic field in which it is immersed.
  • Figure 1 a system for reducing pollutants in effluent gas flow is illustrated. It is believed that the system of the present invention is not induction plasma, nor glow discharge plasma. It is not thermionic plasma. Inert gases, microwaves, radiowaves or high thermal temperatures are not used in the process. Nor are high ionization temperatures, catalysts or high energy required. Instead, the system of the present invention operates in the following manner.
  • the system for electrochemical reducing pollutants in effluent gas flow is an engineered chemical alteration of the pollutants in the effluent gas.
  • the method comprises the steps of subjecting an effluent gas flow to ionization in a simple harmonic resonance field within a special walled chamber and then subjecting the effluent gas flow to a continuous non-carbon electric arc.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the basic embodiment of the present invention.
  • an effluent gas containing pollutants enters the system from an effluent gas source 12, an example of which effluent gas source 12 may be an internal combustion engine.
  • the effluent gas passes through a piping system 14 which interconnects the various chambers of the present invention, to a resonance chamber 16.
  • piping system 14 is designed so that each of the pipes can be easily changed in order to accommodate not only gases, but also liquid fuels or even solids.
  • the piping system is composed of Polyvinyl Chloride, through which sulfur material is exchanged.
  • the resonance chamber 16 is a combination of many conductive and thermoconductive materials which are directly responsible for the process which results in disassociation and recombination.
  • the effluent gas flows into resonance chamber 16 through a gas inlet 18, through a wire grid 20 along which an alternating current is passed, and then out gas outlet 22.
  • Wire grid 20 may be designed in all geometric configurations to predict inter-pressure, respiration and turbulence. It can be appreciated that wire grid 20 functions multi-directionally, as well as with applied multi-current. The flows and currents are mass related and function under standard terms of thermodynamics. The geometric configurations possible correspond to vector angles.
  • the alternating current electric field through which the effluent gas flows is created by energizing wire grid 20 with an alternating current.
  • the strength of the alternating current will vary depending upon the effluent gas source and the type of effluent gas being treated.
  • the alternating current is in the range of about 7,500 volts A.C. at 0.1 AMP to about 80,000 Volts A.C. at 0.1 AMP.
  • the alternating current is supplied to wire grid 20 by A.C. power supply 26 through power lines 28, which may be controlled by control panel 30, as can be seen in Figure 1.
  • Control panel 30 holds the main circuit breaker switch and the breaker switches for each electrical component to which it is attached.
  • At least two opposite walls 34 and 36 of resonance chamber 16 are constructed of a relatively nonelectrically conductive resonant material, such as wood, while the other two walls may be constructed of a metallic material.
  • the effluent gas is ionized by the established physical, electrical, photo or sound resonance vibrations, and the particulate matter is cracked.
  • the means for establishing resonance comprises an alternating electric current passing through a wire grid 20 within the resonance chamber 16.
  • any process which would establish a simple harmonic resonance field such as using sound or light, or some type of forced oscillation would be within the scope of the present invention.
  • alternating current to inhibit formation of particles distinguishes the present invention over prior art.
  • direct current is used in place of alternating current, and precipitation reactions occur rather than ionization.
  • precipitation reactions the direct current charges a negative or a positive particle and causes it to drop out as a heavy weighted particle for collection.
  • the particles are charged with a multi-field charge, and then a resonance field is established within an electromagnetic field which further inhibits particle combination. Particles are not weighted and dropped out for collection. They are stabilized by the number of resonance forms produced.
  • the stability of the products caused by resonance is important to the present invention.
  • a very stable product decreases the probability of the reversal of the reaction or resynthesis of the reactant, thereby-contributing to the completion of the reaction.
  • the wire grid 20 of the resonance chamber being used is one taken from the HONEYWELL brand model F50 which has an operating ambient of from about 40° F to about 125° F and maximum cell washing temperature of about 220° F.
  • the maximum power consumption is about 50 W for 2-cell models, and 30 W for 1-cell models.
  • Use of voltage of 7500 volts has been found to be preferable with the wire grid of the HONEYWELL device.
  • the HONEYWELL device is modified such that there is no honeycomb, and an alternating current rather than a direct current is used.
  • the prior art uses the HONEYWELL model as a precipitator.
  • the present invention is not a precipitator, and the expansion chamber is used in contrast as a decompression chamber. It can be appreciated, however, that although the Honeywell wire grid is used in the preferred embodiment, any other wire grid may be used.
  • the effluent gas passes from resonance chamber 16 through piping system 14 to an electric arc collar 46 on which two electrodes 48 are inserted. Electrodes 48 are preferably of a non-carbon material. As can be seen in Figure 3, a continuous electric arc 50 is formed between electrodes 48 when electrical power is applied to the system. The continuous electric arc 50 may be generated by either alternating or direct current, but alternating current is preferable.
  • Electric arc collar 46 is comprised of a cylinder 52 through which the effluent gas flows.
  • Cylinder 52 is preferably made of silicon carbide. However, materials such as glass and quartz have also been successful.
  • Electrodes 48 preferably pass through the walls of cylinder 52 perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of cylinder 52, but it can be appreciated- that electrodes 48 may be inserted into cylinder 52 in any position such that an electric arc may be formed in between the electrodes.
  • One end of each electrode is disposed within cylinder 52 and in close enough proximity to the end of the opposite electrode to ensure that a continuous electric arc 50 is generated when an electric potential is applied across the electrodes.
  • Electrodes 48 are insulated from cylinder 52 by the use of insulators 56.
  • electrodes 48 are made of a stainless steel/nickel alloy.
  • insulators 56 are ceramic. Additionally, a number of different electrode configurations will work in the present invention. Electrodes 48 are energized by transformed amplification of a generated current. The current and voltage are received from electric arc power supply 60 through power lines 61. Power supply 60 may be controlled by control panel 30. It is preferable that the alternating current be in the range of about 12,500 volts A.C. at 0.1
  • the arc current 50 is produced for the purpose of providing four very specific believed requirements of disassociation and recombination: the magnetic field, light of photolization, alternating electrification, and energy of oxidation.
  • the arc formulation is as follows: the arc, photolization, the electrical field, and the thermodynamics energy of oxidation.
  • the relative level of electrical and magnetic energy can be established by analysis of the pressure of the gas passing through electric arc collar 46 plus the flow rate as specified by each particular application.
  • the effluent gas is passed through the continuous electric arc 50 directly from resonance chamber 16.
  • the effluent gas becomes potentialized by the electric arc 50 and then exits electric arc collar 46 into piping system 14. From there, the effluent gas may pass out into the atmosphere as stabilized products through a discharge tube 66.
  • the apparatus and process results in significantly reducing N0 X , CO, C0 2 , VOC and S0 X .
  • the level of the pollutants is a fraction of the level previously obtained using currently available technology.
  • An emissions control monitor is currently in developmental stages. It is believed that the control monitor will continuously monitor emissions and system efficiency wherein the range of measurement includes measurements below 10 parts per million.
  • FIG 4 illustrates a preferred embodiment within the scope of the present invention including additional preconditioning chambers.
  • an effluent gas containing pollutants enters the system from effluent gas source 12. Once the effluent gas enters the system, the effluent gas may pass into means for regulating the temperature of the effluent gas flow.
  • the means for temperature regulation is a heat exchanger 70, wherein the temperature of the effluent gas is lowered.
  • heat exchanger 70 of the preferred embodiment comprises a cylindrical tubing 72 having within tubing 72 a multiple of smaller inner cylindrical tubings 74.
  • Inner tubings 74 lay longitudinally within tubing 72 in such way that tubing 72 and the multiple of inner tubings 74 are in direct contact with each other.
  • Tubing 72 and inner tubings 74 are constructed of a thermally conductive material such as copper or aluminum. As the conductive material of tubing 72 and inner tubings 74 are in direct contact with each other, when effluent gas is flowed through heat exchanger 70, heat from the effluent gas flows from the effluent gas through inner tubings 74 to the exterior surface 76 of tubing 72, and dissipates into the ambient atmosphere. The temperature of the remaining effluent gas is thus lowered.
  • any conventional heat exchanger may be used.
  • cooling the effluent gas within gas exchanger 70 is that generally, cooling the effluent gas reduces the oxides in the effluent gas. As the components of most of the effluent gasses are such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, cooling the effluent gas augments the purification process.
  • the cooled effluent gas passes through a portion of piping system 14.
  • piping system 14 It is important to note the relationship between the size of piping system 14 and the horsepower of the engines upon which the system is being operated. For example, a pipe with four inch diameter was used with an engine with about 150 horsepower. A six inch diameter corresponds to about 150 to about 200 horsepower. An eight inch diameter corresponds to about 200 to about 5-600 horsepower. Finally, a ten inch diameter corresponds to about 800 to about 1400 horsepower.
  • different sized engines require use of differently sized pipes to obtain preferred results under the present invention.
  • first expansion chamber 82 After exiting heat exchanger 70, effluent gas passes through piping system 14 into a first expansion chamber 82.
  • first expansion chamber 82 the effluent gas is decompressed. When full expansion is applied, the velocity of the gas flow is decreased, pressure is lowered, and temperature is reduced. It is believed that equalization and segregation of lead gases occurs in the expansion chamber.
  • the ratio of the velocity of the effluent gas going into first expansion chamber 82 to the velocity of the effluent gas going out is approximately 2.5 to 1.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an expansion chamber 82 within the scope of the present invention.
  • the effluent gas flows through at least one baffle 84.
  • Baffle 84 comprises a plate which is substantially perpendicular to the flow of the effluent gas.
  • Effluent gas flows through baffle 84 through a series of holes 86 cut into baffle 84. Effluent air is directed through holes 86 thereby resulting in the decreased flow of the effluent gas.
  • the effluent gas then passes through piping system 14 to a gas flow regulator 90 which regulates the flow of the gas.
  • a fan, or damper, or any means for regulating flow of gas may be used as gas regulator 90.
  • Speed of operation of gas regulator 90 may be controlled by a control panel 30 through power lines 92.
  • gas flow regulator 90 The purpose of gas flow regulator 90 is to establish a continuous gas flow in order to control the resistance in the system. Controlling the resistance of the system can be important to obtaining preferred results because certain engines are sensitive to about 6 inches of resistance. Gas flow regulator 90 assures that as the effluent gas moves through the piping system 14 and the various chambers of the system, resistance in the system will never be above 6 inches. In the preferred embodiment within the scope of the present invention, the system is designed to operated at about 1/2 inch resistance. Therefore, gas flow regulator 90 maintains resistance above 1/2 inch resistance, but below 6 inches. It must be noted that the system may be operated without a gas flow regulator 90, but the engines on which the system is operated will lose efficiency.
  • Second expansion chamber 96 comprises a similar configuration to first expansion chamber 82 and provides a similar function. From second expansion chamber 96, the effluent gas passes to electric arc collar 46 where the gas is passed through continuous electric arc 50 as described earlier for the embodiment of Figure 1. From electric arc collar 46, the gas exits through discharge tube 66 into the atmosphere as purified air particles.
  • the apparatus of the present invention was connected to the exhaust flow of a 150 horse power naturally aspirated Detroit Diesel engine running at 1200 rpm using diesel fuel.
  • the exhaust flow from the diesel engine was analyzed for N0 X , CO, C0 2 and 0 2 to determine a base line for the diesel engine without the apparatus of the present invention attached.
  • the diesel engine exhaust flow was analyzed for these same components after passing the exhaust flow through the invention.
  • N0 X was analyzed using ion chromatography by EPA Method 7A (40 CFR Ch.l, Pt. 60, App. A) .
  • CO, C0 2 , and 0 2 were analyzed using a Teledyne MAX 5 analyzer.
  • a heat exchanger was used within the system to cool the temperature of the effluent gases flowing into the system from the diesel engine.
  • the temperature of the diesel engine exhaust was in the range of about 300° to about 350°.
  • an expansion chamber was used in order to decrease the flow of the effluent gas.
  • the ratio of the velocity of the effluent gas as it entered the expansion chamber to the velocity of the effluent gas as it exited the expansion chamber was approximately 2.5 to 1.
  • the resonance chamber used contained a wire grid taken from the HONEYWELL Model F50.
  • the voltage passed through the resonance chamber was 7500 volts.
  • the walls of the chamber were constructed of metal on two sides of metal and two sides of wood.
  • the electric arc collar used within this example was constructed of silicon carbide, and the electrodes were constructed of stainless steel .
  • the voltage of current sent through the arc collar was 12,500 volts.
  • the concentration of the tested components in the exhaust flow without application of the present invention were as follows:
  • the concentration of the tested components in the exhaust flow subjected to application of the present invention were as follows:
  • the invention was connected to the exhaust flow of a 1440 horse power turbo charged Superior 1 MW generator using dual fuel (5% diesel and 95% natural gas) .
  • the engine was run at 693 horse power for one hour.
  • the exhaust flow from the engine was analyzed for VOC, NO x , CO and 0 2 to determine a base line for the engine without the apparatus of the present invention attached.
  • the engine exhaust flow was analyzed for these same components after passing the exhaust flow through the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the VOCs were analyzed by EPA Method 25 (40 CFR Ch.l, Pt. 60, App.
  • the resonance chamber used contained a wire grid taken from the HONEYWELL Model F50.
  • the voltage passed through the resonance chamber was 7500 volts.
  • the walls of the chamber were constructed of metal on two sides of metal and two sides of wood.
  • the electric arc collar used within this example was constructed of silicon carbide, and the electrodes were constructed of stainless steel .
  • the voltage of current sent through the arc collar was 12,500 volts.
  • the concentration of the tested components in the exhaust flow without the application of the present invention were as follows:
  • the concentration of the tested components in the exhaust flow with application of the present invention were as follows: S ecies Concentration
  • the exhaust flow temperature across the invention also decreased an average of 575% F (from 700°-800°F to 100°- 250°F) .
  • a substantial advantage of the pollutant control system of the present invention is that a single system can be used to control pollution from all noted controlled emissions and, albeit unknown to the applicant, possibly others. Additionally, high temperatures are not necessary, chemical preconditioning is not necessary, and no catalysts are necessary for the system to operate efficiently.
  • the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte généralement à un appareil et à des procédés utilisés dans la réduction chimique de polluants dans un écoulement gazeux résiduaire. Plus précisément, la présente invention se rapporte à l'ionisation de gaz résiduaire provenant d'une source gazeuse résiduaire qui consiste à faire passer le gaz résiduaire par un champ de résonance (16), et à la potentialisation et la purification du gaz résiduaire en faisant passer ce dernier par un arc électrique continu (46). De préférence, le champ de résonance (16) et l'arc électrique continu (46) sont en même temps générés par un courant alternatif. En utilisant l'appareil et le procédé de la présente invention, on parvient à une libération des particules d'air stabilisées sans une consommation importante d'énergie et sans produire de déchets qui nécessiteraient une récupération ultérieure.
PCT/US1992/009880 1992-11-18 1992-11-18 Appareil et procede de reduction de polluants dans un ecoulement gazeux residuaire Ceased WO1994011101A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU31389/93A AU3138993A (en) 1992-11-18 1992-11-18 Apparatus and method for reducing pollutants in effluent gas flow
PCT/US1992/009880 WO1994011101A1 (fr) 1992-11-18 1992-11-18 Appareil et procede de reduction de polluants dans un ecoulement gazeux residuaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1992/009880 WO1994011101A1 (fr) 1992-11-18 1992-11-18 Appareil et procede de reduction de polluants dans un ecoulement gazeux residuaire

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WO1994011101A1 true WO1994011101A1 (fr) 1994-05-26

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Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1033126A (en) * 1911-02-27 1912-07-23 Werner Siebert Method of producing endothermic compounds from their components.
US1332730A (en) * 1920-03-02 William xoehler
US1495563A (en) * 1920-11-22 1924-05-27 Harry D Rankin Apparatus for treating gases
US3228755A (en) * 1962-08-10 1966-01-11 Rane R Lottinville Chemical muffler for filtering exhaust
US3285709A (en) * 1964-08-14 1966-11-15 Joseph M Eannarino Apparatus for the treatment of exhaust gases
US3587210A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-06-28 Walter Shriner Air pollution reduction system
US3623295A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-11-30 Walter Shriner Air pollution reduction system
US3825480A (en) * 1969-12-11 1974-07-23 A Pelofsky Sonic energy exhaust filter
US3846637A (en) * 1970-12-10 1974-11-05 J Gettinger Apparatus for eliminating noxious gases from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine
US3979193A (en) * 1972-07-03 1976-09-07 Jack Sikich Corona discharge apparatus
US4069665A (en) * 1973-08-01 1978-01-24 Scientific Enterprises, Inc. Gas ionizing apparatus for improving the operation of an internal combustion engine
US4077889A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-07 John Stewart Rhoades Arc discharge apparatus
US4361423A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-11-30 Nkn Combination acoustical muffler and exhaust converter
US4376637A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-03-15 California Institute Of Technology Apparatus and method for destructive removal of particles contained in flowing fluid
US4441971A (en) * 1979-09-20 1984-04-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Process and apparatus for reducing soot
US5078917A (en) * 1989-11-01 1992-01-07 Functional Products Incorporated White oil pour point depressants

Patent Citations (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1332730A (en) * 1920-03-02 William xoehler
US1033126A (en) * 1911-02-27 1912-07-23 Werner Siebert Method of producing endothermic compounds from their components.
US1495563A (en) * 1920-11-22 1924-05-27 Harry D Rankin Apparatus for treating gases
US3228755A (en) * 1962-08-10 1966-01-11 Rane R Lottinville Chemical muffler for filtering exhaust
US3285709A (en) * 1964-08-14 1966-11-15 Joseph M Eannarino Apparatus for the treatment of exhaust gases
US3587210A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-06-28 Walter Shriner Air pollution reduction system
US3623295A (en) * 1969-05-02 1971-11-30 Walter Shriner Air pollution reduction system
US3825480A (en) * 1969-12-11 1974-07-23 A Pelofsky Sonic energy exhaust filter
US3846637A (en) * 1970-12-10 1974-11-05 J Gettinger Apparatus for eliminating noxious gases from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine
US3979193A (en) * 1972-07-03 1976-09-07 Jack Sikich Corona discharge apparatus
US4069665A (en) * 1973-08-01 1978-01-24 Scientific Enterprises, Inc. Gas ionizing apparatus for improving the operation of an internal combustion engine
US4077889A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-03-07 John Stewart Rhoades Arc discharge apparatus
US4441971A (en) * 1979-09-20 1984-04-10 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Process and apparatus for reducing soot
US4376637A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-03-15 California Institute Of Technology Apparatus and method for destructive removal of particles contained in flowing fluid
US4361423A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-11-30 Nkn Combination acoustical muffler and exhaust converter
US5078917A (en) * 1989-11-01 1992-01-07 Functional Products Incorporated White oil pour point depressants

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