WO1994011246A2 - Senkrecht startendes und landendes flugzeug, flugzeugtriebwerk, flugart und landeplatz - Google Patents
Senkrecht startendes und landendes flugzeug, flugzeugtriebwerk, flugart und landeplatz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994011246A2 WO1994011246A2 PCT/DE1993/001060 DE9301060W WO9411246A2 WO 1994011246 A2 WO1994011246 A2 WO 1994011246A2 DE 9301060 W DE9301060 W DE 9301060W WO 9411246 A2 WO9411246 A2 WO 9411246A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- fuselage
- propeller
- engine
- landing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/02—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis vertical when grounded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C17/00—Aircraft stabilisation not otherwise provided for
- B64C17/02—Aircraft stabilisation not otherwise provided for by gravity or inertia-actuated apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0008—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded
- B64C29/0016—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers
- B64C29/0025—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft having its flight directional axis horizontal when grounded the lift during taking-off being created by free or ducted propellers or by blowers the propellers being fixed relative to the fuselage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C29/00—Aircraft capable of landing or taking-off vertically, e.g. vertical take-off and landing [VTOL] aircraft
- B64C29/0091—Accessories not provided for elsewhere
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/34—All-electric aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/35—Arrangements for on-board electric energy production, distribution, recovery or storage
- B64D27/357—Arrangements for on-board electric energy production, distribution, recovery or storage using batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
- B64F1/12—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for anchoring aircraft
- B64F1/16—Pickets or ground anchors; Wheel chocks
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to vertical take-off and landing aircraft, aircraft engine, airline and landing aircraft technology. New aircraft fuselage, aerodynamics, control, attitude, damping, engine, battery, landing site and security concepts are shown. These enable people and goods to be transported quickly.
- Free-running rotors are very prone to accidents.
- Landing phase mostly the same flight altitude and need or waste extremely much engine power for such flight curves.
- the landing frames can take off and land anywhere, it is difficult to implement an orderly, reliable parking system.
- the landing options are 'door and gate' open, arbitrariness and chaos follow and endanger security.
- An orderly parking system also facilitates flight approval plus air traffic control.
- the invention aims to remedy this and many other problems.
- the invention solves the problem of creating air traffic technology with preferably the ideal type of flight, aircraft, aircraft engine and I_andeplatztech___k.
- the invention therefore also particularly solves the task of the uniform general «! inventive «! Idea to implement a new flight system for the entire population, largely avoiding previous disadvantages.
- the requirements for this can be combined differently or made alone.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF can change, an aircraft in which the pilot is approximately in the center of gravity of the aircraft, including the battery, an aircraft that takes off vertically with the fuselage vertical, then, depending on the increasing speed, goes approximately to the horizontal and lands again with the fuselage vertical, an aircraft, that is optimized for relatively horizontal driving, is not top-heavy from « *, can take off and land relatively neutral,
- High-energy batteries a battery that delivers significantly more than 0.2 KW / kg, an aircraft or engine, in which two each counter-rotating «!
- the propellers also consist of mainly 2 counter-rotating «!
- the landing site can have bevels that catch the fuselage or wing or other parts of the aircraft on landing or let it slide into the desired position
- the landing site can have a hole, the aircraft with a vertical fuselage of such a kind take off at a landing site, then depending on the increasing
- Ländplatzes fits, it is preferably connected to the power or telephone network, and the aircraft in the stand with side fins, wings or parts acting on a ring-shaped support around the hole «! can.
- Electric flight is now economical for normal transportation purposes, it is easy to cool, quiet, smooth running, safe, easy to use, simple, clean, cheap, insensitive, comparable creep ⁇ poor, easy to maintain, can be permanently switched on and off, reacts quickly, hardly needs air, etc.
- high-energy batteries enable long ranges and low weight
- an adapted battery with higher power output enables smaller batteries and thus the lowest starting weight
- the stator of the electric motor also rotates with the propeller installed, / Lin__s- Torque of the engine out and the rest of the aircraft does not turn, with a second, smaller engine on the propeller this runs optimized, the aircraft can save a lot of energy when the main engine is switched off and still a lot of pull forward, it facilitates a relatively economical use of the electric drive, even with higher electricity costs compared to gasoline, with section When the engine is switched on and off, the engine can always recover, or may be small «
- Electric motors enable hollow drive shafts, facilitate small, unmanned, automatically controlled flight technology and are more suitable for multi-engine operation if the payload is in the center of gravity of the aircraft, the aircraft has relatively load-independent flight curves, it can travel relatively horizontally, and the safety of jacketed propellers improves , sounds and like wingless
- FIG. 1 shows the upper part of an aircraft according to the invention with body control from the outside with the propeller jacket open
- FIG. 2 shows the middle part
- Figure 5a a landing site from above, compared to Figure 5b reduced by 2.25 times
- FIG. 5b shows a section through the lower part of the aircraft and this landing site, hereinafter also referred to as a pedestal.
- FIGS. 6-8 show sections through the propeller position control area when a previous aircraft with position variation of the propeller controls the airline, whereby
- FIG. 6 shows a section from the front
- Figure 9 shows the associated steering linkage on the pilot side.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Figure 10 shows a part of a section through 3 cells of a battery from above
- Figure 11 shows the aircraft reduced in size with a relatively horizontal flight from the side
- Figure 12a shows the aircraft reduced in size with a relatively horizontal flight from the side
- Figure 12a enlarged, with an open propeller jacket an electric motor with a rotating stator
- Figure 12b a central section through the latter electric motor from the front
- FIG. 13 a 4-propeller drive with 2 motors as in FIG. 12,
- FIG. 14 the section through electric grinding technology for FIG. 12,
- Figure 15b somewhat reduced, from the side a suitable piston and contact rings or plates.
- an aircraft taking off and landing vertically which essentially consists of the fuselage (1), engine (2, 3) and other “part”. It starts with the fuselage vertical, then goes up to the "horizontal” depending on the increasing speed and lands again with the fuselage vertical.
- Known flow plates or, for example, technology according to FIGS. 6-8 are also possible for directional control entirely or only as a supplement, for all or only for two directions.
- the figures have a closed hull (1).
- a relatively closed fuselage (1) should be present, since this control would otherwise be critical, especially when driving with the engine switched off .
- Relative means so much unity that the vehicle can pale safely, for example a hole (115 in Fig. 1) for air intake or lifting (113 Fig. 6) an "angled tip in the sense of claim 1 as" closed "can be seen.
- the pilot (80, especially FIGS. 1 + 11) is only shown in dashed lines. Like a motorcyclist, he grips 2 handles (14) that are anchored to the fuselage (1), holds on tight and can therefore also control the engine speed or the overall thrust. In the area of line 15 there is the dashboard (not shown here), behind it up to the lower electric motor (32) associated electronics with engine control.
- the engine (2, 3) optimally integrated in the fuselage (1) in FIG. 1 consists of 2 identical counter-rotating propellers (2) and 2 electric motors (3), (many alternatives, for example with petrol), which one NaS battery (6 in Fig.Sb) drives.
- a propeller (21, 22) and an electric motor (31, 32) are coupled without a clutch or gear, all fixed in Fig. 1, the upper ones movable in Fig. 6 via a joint (26-28).
- Both electric motors are approximately equally powerful, for example pulse-controlled, and run in the fuselage axis (12). Your individual speeds are preferably electronically controlled so that the forces to the right and left around the fuselage axis (12)
- the lower propeller accelerates the same air as the upper one, it has to turn a little faster. For example, he gets a fixed lead over the one above.
- the correct speed ratio depending on the driving speed or the advance of an electric motor can be easily determined and stored or permanently set in the on-board computer.
- the pilot takes over immediately.
- the fixed lead is preferably set so that the fuselage does not turn when hovering over the parking lot.
- two throttle levers he can control both electric motors separately, which he does enough beforehand, for example, in the driving school or before starting! could. If the fuselage leaves the vertical position, the pilot lies on his stomach, for example, and gravity pulls the center of gravity away from the fuselage axis, so that the fuselage can no longer be rotated around the fuselage axis with small force differences between the two engines.
- Fig.l shows technology for free and jacketed propellers (2).
- the jacket (42) which surrounds the fuselage, engine and other parts, can optionally also produce sheets (43) which divert air, the supporting connection between the jacket and these parts, in whole or in part.
- the jacket (42) has moved closer to the fuselage (as also in FIG. 12a) and has been cut open, and its holding plates (43) and the propellers have therefore been interrupted.
- It (42) is also intended to reduce noise emissions, protect the propellers from damage, is pointed at the top and bottom and is made of sound-absorbing material.
- the sheets (43) are, for example, equally spaced, flow-optimized and made of lightweight material. (e.g. aluminum or composite), there are e.g. five below. If there is a row of sheets behind each "row of propellers (2), each row of propellers has the same power and each row of sheets has the same air resistance, they are in opposite directions"! Force on the sheets and do not turn the fuselage (1). If the sheets run exactly parallel to the fuselage axis, they let the air flow straight through when the propeller is idling, for example when sailing horizontally.
- lightweight material e.g. aluminum or composite
- the upper row (431) is optional and therefore only shown in dashed lines.
- the rows of propellers are placed much further apart, or the upper plates become deeper towards the outside.
- each propeller (2) accelerates air not only in the direction parallel to the fuselage axis (12), but also somewhat in the direction of rotation of the propeller.
- sheet metal «! (43) behind the propeller (22) it is preferably bent (43) so that they hardly brake at high speed and at the start some of the air movement in the direction of rotation of the propeller, downwards can divert aerodynamically.
- the sheets should be aligned parallel to the fuselage axis, if it should be optimized for the climb phase, it should be adjusted according to the angle at which the air leaves the propeller in this phase, otherwise intermediate solutions are selected.
- the speed difference at this point is 200m / s.
- the air still flows, for example, at 12.5m / s (6.3% of 198.5m / s) in the direction of rotation of the propeller, ie at 3.6 ° compared to the fast vehicle.
- the sheets start at a 3.6 "angle and go back to 0 at their lower end. The more inclined the propellers are, the more effective and important is the bending of these sheets and their number as high as possible.
- each propeller (21, 22) has at least two blades, better six, with a jacket, for example, six to well over ten for high speed.
- the "propeller" (2) rotates the part of the fuselage cover (11) there (eg attached to the propeller).
- the propellers or blades can be mounted in a known manner or as in the figures. In Fig. 1 and 4 2 wings come from the inside and drive.
- the remaining wings are either attached to the drive shaft in the same way (above or below the first as ”) and bend before leaving the rotating casing into the running plane of the first, or they are direct in the case of lower loads"! mounted on the rotating hull casing (111). From the outside of the fuselage shell (11), the wings initially have a very steep shape in order not to unnecessarily brake at high speeds.
- Fig.l also the tip (114) of the shell rotates.
- the propeller is tared using known methods, for example with lead weights attached to the propeller in or outside the tip or the rotating hull shell.
- the aircraft and / or drive mechanism (2, 3) largely eliminates the wobble movement generated between 2 counter-rotating propellers on the aircraft, without any additional stabilizing movement running beyond its own axis (12) Propell «(eg tail rotor for helicopters).
- the wings preferably also bend further downward in a known manner in order to require as little engine power as possible.
- the angular adjustment of the opposing propellers is optionally warped and high speed «! achieved via speed and number of propellers.
- FIG 4 shows a section, seen from above, in the area of the center of the upper propeller (21). It is the same structure as the lower one.
- Each propeller opens in the fuselage with the fuselage axis (12) as the center and goes in an arc around its drive shaft (25) on the outside.
- Each of its arches (213) has a retaining ring (252) on the outside, which connects the propeller somewhat above and below the propeller sections in the area of the small circles 253 with screws and corresponding inner retainers to its drive shaft (25).
- At least one support (1111, 1112) would have to be welded to the retaining ring (252) on each side and the two screwed together using continuous screws (254).
- the upper electric motor (31) in FIG. 1 starts from line 311.
- the housing of one or more (here both 31, 32) electric motors (3) driving the propeller (2) has its axis approximately in the fuselage axis (12) and ends on the outside approximately in the line d «fuselage envelope (11, 36).
- Cooling fins (35) optionally begin there, which, as with the lower electric motor (32), extend beyond their electric motor in the axial direction if necessary in order to increase the cooling surface.
- the cooling fins (35) have, for example, a round cladding (not with a jacketed propeller) made of light composite material or other extremely light material, so that they are covered from the outside and the sensitivity to side winds decreases.
- the cooling fins are therefore only dotted here.
- the casing of each electric motor has the same air inlet cross-section at the bottom and bottom.
- the cooling fins are higher at the top.
- the long dashed line 321 delimits the core of the lower electric motor at the bottom. Its cooling fins go down to get the required cooling surface.
- Figure 1 has a small hole (115) in the tip which directs fresh air through the tip (114) into the non-rotating shaft (121 Fig.4), but not into the control shaft (71 Fig.9).
- a thinner hose (120) takes up a part of it and leads it outwards in a favorable curve before line 15 (FIG. 1), the beginning of the passenger compartment. This creates a pressure in the non-rotating shaft (121).
- Lower options 2 to 4 provide a particularly powerful aircraft engine, aircraft battery and suitable aircraft, in which the aircraft has at least one electric motor (2, 3), which is driven by at least one battery (6) and the electrolytes (69) and Cells (65-69) of this battery perform significantly more than 0.2 KW / kg, which eliminates the question of the reasonable energy supply modern «aircraft.
- Such aircraft batteries (6 or 61-63) shown hatched in FIG. 5b are for
- Example high-energy sodium-sulfur batteries according to the technology of the type B1 or one of its corresponding successors or performance-based variants from the company Asea Brown Boverie AG (D 69006 Heidelberg). This technique is being redesigned for this aircraft. In the following only 4 possibilities are presented, both with the same cell length as B1. The first uses the same volt string (only 96 cells in total), the second uses the same, but with 160 Wh kg continuous output. In both cases one would install the battery (62, only narrowly dotted) somewhat wider than the normal (61) in FIG. 5b, for example several centimeters higher, and the fuselage line in FIG. 5b a little wider from the lower window (163) lead «! and possibly, as the dotted line 119 shows, extend downwards.
- the third option the normal one (61) in FIGS. 5b and 13, takes 2 identical volt strings, but with a smaller diameter of the cells (68), the diameter of the electrolyte (69) being 60% and that of the safety insert (65) being about 52 %, the outside diameter is about 63% of the type B1. In this way, with a smaller battery weight, significantly more battery peak power per kilogram of battery weight is achieved. The area of the electrolytes per watt would remain relatively the same, but the heat emitted by the cells would increase.
- cooling fins 66.671 FIG. 10
- Each cell has 6 neighboring cells (except on the edge) and 6 triangular cooling surfaces (67) between them.
- Figure 10 shows one (67) thereof.
- Around 24 slender cooling fins (66) begin within the cell (68) at relatively equal intervals directly in front of the electrolyte.
- cooling surface (67) each go to a "cooling surface (67), the outer (662) running approximately parallel to the inner (661) to get closer to the larger of the outer cooling fins (671) to give off more heat.
- the smaller cooling fins are closer together than the large ones, in order to reduce the disadvantage in this area to be shorter.
- the normal heat exchangers through which high-temperature oil flows are enlarged in accordance with the higher heat transfer capacity of these cooling fins (66,671).
- the battery takes cooling air from the passenger compartment and then leads it to the outside below the lower window ring (163) via a heat channel (611).
- the fourth possibility has the same principle as the third, but only a 50% diameter of the electrolytes.
- the immediately following security insert is by far thin and lighter, and is only used to transport electricity and to raise the liquid in the electrolyte.
- the outer diameter of the cell is thus 50% of B1.
- Cooling can be achieved 2.5 to 3 times as much peak power of the battery from Bll per kg battery weight, that is, with 4 volt strings about 31 to 37.5 kW peak output or, for example, over 0.47 to 0.56 kW power per kg battery weight.
- the volt strings are connected in parallel.
- both electric motors can also be extended slightly up and down, if necessary stretch the fuselage a little or push the entire lower engine down a little.
- the two motors (335, 336) can each be used with a battery with 2 volt strings, for example the fourth possibility above (dash-dotted line 63 in Fig. 5b) supply.
- the upper battery would replace the screw-on base (18) in FIG. 5b.
- the propeller jacket is extended a little upwards and its mounting plates are pushed along. All propellers have space. You get 4 rows of propellers in a row. In this case, the middle two rows preferably rotate in the same direction, and in the case of 2 such electric motors (335, 336), the middle 2 propellers drive the rotors of these electric motors.
- More than 0.2 KW / kg of power output is not only achieved with batteries that have ring-shaped cells as in Fig. 10, in which the diameter of electrolytes and the entire cell is reduced to such an extent that the battery is significantly more than 0.2 KW / kg or the cell wall (68) inside and / or outside cooling fins (66,671). You reduce compared to that
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Electrolytes simply reduce the amount and the space of the battery fluid in order to reduce the weight with the same power output and thus receive, for example, sodium / sulfur batteries from 0.3 KW / kg and zinc / air batteries, which are the same adjusts, over 0.47 KW / kg of power.
- this electric aircraft is fully designed for economical transport purposes with communication for air traffic control, enough payload capacity, cargo space, flight altitude, speed, low costs, etc.
- the entire vehicle and engine had to be ideally matched to it.
- the shape of the fuselage (1) was optimized and the engines (2, 3) integrated in such a way that the weight was low, the air resistance in the direction of the fuselage axis (12) was very small, and the aircraft was only in very short time due to the high speed d «air is.
- the aircraft goes up to Propell «(2), the 4 side fins (51, or in Fig.3 landing supports 52) and eventual mounting plates (43) of the shell approximately circularly around its fuselage axis (12). With a correspondingly stable lower part of the fuselage and a suitable landing platform, side fins can be dispensed with entirely. It can turn, take off and land at any angle around its fuselage axis (12), with relatively equal optimization.
- the aircraft has an entry door that opens outwards (13). On the opposite side there is a window (162) at the lower area of the entrance door, which also facilitates the landing approach. It also has a hatched line in the middle and lower part of the fuselage «!
- window ring going around the fuselage and here exactly in the line of the fuselage casing (11), above (161) at head height, below (163) just below the foot area of the pilot (80). If necessary, these 2 windows (161, 163) can have connecting straps (164) which connect the fuselage shell (11) above and below and thus free the windows from high tensile, compressive and bending loads. The upper one has on the inside of the ring 4 (160), the lower one on the outside of the ring 3 connecting straps (164). Both window rings are self-contained to hold themselves. It is not within the meaning of patent claim 3 that such an aircraft, according to Claim 3, must have window rings if the propeller is running approximately in the fuselage axis (12); even without it he claims the vertical-horizontal-vertical technology.
- the landing supports (52) in FIG. 3 enable landings without a separate platform. They (52) are attached approximately half to the fuselage shell below the lower window ring (163) and half to the connecting straps (164).
- the left landing support has 2 steps (53, 54), each of which has 5 grids in the direction of flow so that they have hardly any air resistance.
- the middle grate is identical to the normal landing support. The remaining upper grids are attached to the right of the fuselage (1, Fig. 3) or a connecting strap (164), on the left, like all of the "!
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Landing support (52) are anchored.
- this aircraft has a removable, pluggable cover (191), on which measuring and other work tools such as for height measurement and start target recognition are inserted. Most of these devices, cables, etc. have not been drawn in FIG. 5b. If this «cover is removed, the battery (6) can be inserted from below. You push it a little higher than its end position, insert the rubber ring (612) and let it sit on it (612). The Rump_hülle (ll) is reinforced on the side fins (51). There you fasten with screw «! (118) the upper ends of the 4-strut-shaped battery holders (64), the lower ends of which are screwed onto the battery and this (6) is suspended from above. Large pilots stand in the fuselage on the battery.
- additional standing surfaces (18) that can be screwed on using hand-turning screws (181), for example, can be installed. They (18) should have large recesses on the outside, possibly like a net or a wire mesh, so that the pilot can also see through the lower window (163) when landing. In order to always have firm ground contact, the base could also have a simple shoe binding (182), similar to that on skis. This makes it easier for many to control them by shifting their weight.
- the aircraft has no accompanying landing frame, but only 4 side fins (51), often or mostly also referred to as tail fins, which are seated on a suitable landing site, here a separate landing (91-99), before and after landing , where between the fins below the body part fits into a hole (91) in this platform.
- wings 41 FIGS. 5 a + 11
- wükaide parts can also be attached in the stand to sit on at the landing site.
- FIG. 5 a shows only the outer dimension of the fuselage (1) of the plane on the support (921), 2 wings (41) and 2 side fins (51). From this platform only two (Fig. 5 a and b) of many possibilities are shown. It has a «around its hole (91)!
- level 2 consists of 4/5 elements. At 5a they are at a 90 "angle to each other and are relatively wide, at 5b they start outside every 72 ° and are 36 ° wide. In between, halfway up is level 1 (96). Level 1 and 2 have outside ( 98 Fig.5b) and inside (97) a common supporting ring, the inner (97) to level 3 (94) has an attachment (971).
- a corresponding hole (901) can also be provided in the bottom (90). If it is deep enough, such aircraft with a much longer fuselage lower part can be attached or, for example, levels 1, 2 or 3 can be completely omitted.
- the battery (6) and / or the pilot (80) can also be in the stand at approximately the support (921) and a large part of the aircraft's flight or flight Stuff weight under the side fins (51) or below the upper end of the landing area enclosure, the rubber ring (92); or the hole (91) with its enclosure (92), and the aircraft (in the area of the hole) are coordinated with one another in shape, diameter and depth in such a way that they are relatively stable even when getting in and out and during a storm and doesn't fall over.
- the center of gravity should be lower, conversely it can be significantly higher.
- a pedestal is also understood in the sense of the claims if, for example, the rubber ring (92) does not protrude or only slightly protrudes beyond the other surroundings, the side fins (51) land, for example, approximately "at ground level", the fuselage underneath in a corresponding space, as if under a blanket, is sufficient, in the stand the support of the Seitai fins and possibly the battery can also sit above the entrance door, and for example stands on pillars so that the pilot stands below and can always get on and off at ground level with plenty of space.
- This platform is preferably connected to the telephone and power network. For example, it has protected under level 3 (94) on the attachment (971) 1 or 2 such sockets next to each other (in Fig. 5b the power socket 972 with cable 974 can be seen).
- a rotating socket (973, also with a cover) can be installed instead above level 3.
- the fuselage cover (11) has a flap (60 Fig. 2) through which cables (614) can be pulled outwards at the landing site to these sockets (972, 973).
- the rotating socket (973) With the rotating socket (973), the socket turns upwards when the train pulls the plane, then the plug pulls out through this train, rolls back into the plane, the cover of the socket closes and the socket turns down again , so that no water can flow into it.
- a small radio device (99) can also be attached under a step (96) between the rings (97, 98), which exchanges telephone data with the appropriate device (192) within the fuselage cover (191) with the aircraft.
- the landing site and / or aircraft both here have slopes (93, FIGS. 5 a + b) which catch the fuselage (1) or wing (41) or other parts of the aircraft on landing or in the desired position let slip.
- Aircraft-like, the lower fuselage cover (119) is reinforced for this and the lower window ring is already very steep to avoid damage from the rubber ring (92).
- the pilot (80) turns the aircraft into the approximate one by turning it himself
- wing catcher On level 3 (94) there is also a wing catcher which has bevels (93) with 2 blades (932) on each side, which finally turn the aircraft into a precisely predetermined angle when it is touched down.
- Each of the 2 blades (932) is attached here to a common ring (931) around the rubber ring (92). From this ring (931) the leaves first go up in an arc at an angle and then downwards outwards so that the wings can slide downwards from the inside to the top edge (933) until they reach the surface of the sheet and then turned become. Wings can also extend up to levels 1 to 3 or down to the ground (90 Fig. 5b), even touch down there.
- FIGS. 6-8 show a flight direction control by changing the position of at least one, here the upper propeller in all 4 directions.
- a pilot shift in weight! can this control even further «!.
- the average point of the engine's lifting power at take-off is above the center of gravity (17) of the take-off weight.
- the aircraft can be equipped with at least one propeller (21) in the upper front half of the aircraft, one or more approximately in the fuselage axis (12).
- the airline in at least 2 Riditungai, wherein in case that the / are * to tilt the front propella, according to particular execution, optionally, the whole tip (114) of the aircraft may be lifted from the normal trunk line (11) and a compression spring (77), which centers the tilting joint (26-28), can be attached between the tilting and the remaining area, in order to normally hold the engine (21) automatically in the middle.
- FIG. 8 shows the section through the center of the universal joint from above, a section of the propeller (21) with its curved holder (28), which goes through the center of the propeller, which line 214 marks in FIGS. 6 and 7, has been integrated into the drawing.
- the rotating fuselage shell (111) has a carrier (283, 284) on each side below and above, for example, compared to FIG. At the top, these are clamped together using a gorge «(285) to enable high speeds.
- This holder (28) ends as an end head (281) of a universal joint. This head (281) is connected to the starting head and universal joint connection (251) via scarf needles (27) and the intermediate piece (26) and above that to the drive shaft (25, FIG. 6).
- a hollow control shaft (71) which keeps a bearing (123) at a distance from the drive shaft.
- This shaft (71) has a claw (73) which is tightened with a screw (72) and opens into a ball head (74) rigidly attached to a bearing (75).
- the ball head (74) is moved up or down in the desired direction via the rotary shaft and the longitudinal displacement of the control shaft (71) and thus the universal joint (281), including the propeller, which is firmly connected to its bearing (75), is precisely angled about the universal joint axis (24).
- the dashed lines 76 show, for example, maximum angular deflections of this bearing (75).
- the compression spring (77) between this bearing (75) and the drive shaft (25) holds it The engine in the event of a failure of the control pulses automatically in the middle.
- the control shaft (71) is hollow here to enable lines to the aircraft tip (114), which does not rotate in line 6 in FIG. 6.
- the bearing (122) can guide it well relative to the rotating casing (111). It (122) is firmly connected to the 4 upper counter plates (29) via a ring (291). Since the tip (114) and the rotating fuselage shell (111) bend, they (111, 114) were set down a little. In addition, the latter (111) extends somewhat laterally from line 113 over the lower fuselage shell (11). Fig. 8 shows its (111) lower end with for easier delimitation. Because of the additional representation of the center of the propeller, the bearing 75 was only drawn in by the two rings 751 in FIG. In order to keep the casing in FIGS.
- this propeller has an arch on the outside (211). If the propeller is only to be angled in 2 directions, one only has to do without the rotatability of the control shaft and install the claw (73) in the desired direction!
- FIG. 9 shows the lower end of the non-rotating connecting shaft (85) attached to the lower electric motor housing to the upper electric motor. It (85) also serves as a guide tube for the hollow control shaft originating from Obergdenk, in order to secure it (71) at the lower end against lateral movement.
- the control shaft has an opening that extends slightly higher on the left (711) so that a power and control cable (87) for the upper electric motor and other purposes can enter on the left.
- the opening between the remaining front and rear parts accommodates the head (782) of the laik bar (78), which is therefore only partly dashed here.
- Both heads (782, 784) of the Laik rod (78) are fastened movably via cotter-pin bolts.
- a lever (88) consisting of 2 arms (one in front and one behind the laik bar (78)) holds the lower head (784) between them.
- This arm (891) of the laik wheel goes through the wall of the inner (81) laik cylinder, turns it (81) and the lever (88) horizontally, the lever additionally vertically.
- the Laik rod (78) passes through the Laik cylinder (81, 82) to allow full revolutions (as far as the cable 87 permits).
- the steering cylinder and its guide shaft (85), which is simply plugged onto the stop there and is screwed on with a nut (86), are therefore shown in section through their center.
- This holder also consists of 2 arms, which converge in a ring at their ends.
- D «inner steering cylinder (81) abuts ob « i against the «end wall of the outer (82), passes through this end wall in a constricted form and is secured above it with a locking ring (83) against falling.
- FIGS. 12 to 15 a second basic of many possible ways of executing the engine is explained with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15.
- the technology is roughly the same as the vorigai figures, but here the aircraft has 1 or 2 engines (2,3 Fig.12a), which show that 2 each go in opposite directions «! Propellers (21, 22), the motor (33) can also consist mainly of 2 counter-rotating drive units (331, 332, Fig. 12b), one (331) being a propeller (21), the other (332) the associated counter-rotating (22 ) drives, here in the case of the electric motor (3) turn the windings of both the rotor (331) and the stator (332) with respect to the fuselage (1).
- FIG 12a shows this engine standing from the side, with the jacket (42) cut open.
- Line 101 would be identical to that (105) in Figure 11.
- One motor (33) takes over both of the previous ones (31, 32).
- the electric motor (33) which also runs in the fuselage axis (12), extends up and down to lines 334 and laterally to fuselage line 36.11.
- his cooling fins (36) which consist here of thin aluminum strips, of which only a part is shown here for reasons of clarity and because they are surrounded by a casing (351) are only shown in dotted or dashed lines.
- the casing (351) ensures that the air does not flow away from the cooling fins due to centrifugal force when the housing rotates with the stator.
- propellers (22) can be attached directly to the housing. If the cooling fins did not turn, the propeller «(22) of the stator would be attached, for example, directly below or above the cooling fins, before the (21) of the rotor. Since they turn (35) and the air "flows" much faster in flight, you pull them (35) very steeply so as not to brake or slow down at high speeds.
- the casing (351) has approximately the same opening cross section at the air inlet as at the outlet.
- FIG. 14a shows half the section (left half) of a possible ScUdfring technique, which is installed, for example, below the electric motor in FIG. 12a, or the upper one in FIG. 13.
- the standing shaft (121), especially for Fig.12a below via an inclined bracket (124, e.g. made of 3 rods) leading to the fuselage shell, has in the area of the 4 large sleep rings (371) each for cooling and passing through electrical wires ( 38, 381, 382) bores (126). All slip rings (371, 372) go in a ring around the fuselage axis (12) and springs (391), annular plates (392) and screws (393) are pressed on.
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Large (3712) d "drive shaft hi” is also the rotor (341) of the auxiliary motor, and around which the stator (342) is arranged.
- the small slip rings (372) belong to the auxiliary motor.
- the auxiliary motor (34) enables the (same) propeller (2) to be driven by two motors (33, 34) in this aircraft engine or suitable aircraft, of which at least one drives electrically, preferably the smaller one.
- An electric driver (34) thus only has a fraction of the power of the other motor (33) and holds the propeller after the climb phase, in the event that it is switched off or "greatly reduced in power”! Main engine (33), at least running, so that it does not slow down the "sailing trip” and optionally also gives some thrust «.
- the duration of the electropulse in "gliding" can be greatly reduced in the pulse-controlled large electric motor (33), for example, so that the motor maintains a high speed and prevents the aircraft from braking, for example.
- At least 2 propellers (2) are then switched on / off in sections or driven strongly / weakly. If, for example, an auxiliary motor could sometimes not cope with an unbalanced "load or" excessive counter-speed of the wind, the main motor can always compensate by its own helping cycles.
- the separate clock generator uses known, conventional technology.
- the clock from another, from " * very small”! pulse-controlled electric motor, which is clocked in the desired form by the motor electronics.
- This small pulse motor preferably has a switch that connects it directly to a voltage regulator (manual control of the pilot) in the event of a power failure (for example in the event of a computer failure) and thus to the battery.
- the switch here consists, for example, of a non-conductive ceramic piston (378) which is pushed back and forth by an electromagnet (374) in a non-conductive ceramic tube (376).
- the ceramic tube has 4 curved plates (377) on each side, which are connected to their wires (38).
- the ceramic piston has 4 conductive rings (379) that conduct current from the lower to the upper wires when the electromagnet is switched off.
- the electromagnet receives current, the line is interrupted (as in Fig.15a + b). If the current fails, its spring (375) pushes the piston back to the lathe. This also applies if the electromagnet is no longer activated in the event of a computer failure.
- the rotor and stator also each have a sliding contact transmitter (373 Fig. 14) for the speed measurement, in order to enable ideal motor control even when the speeds of the two differ from the fuselage.
- the aircraft preferably starts very steeply and upwards until it has reached the desired speed or desired height. In this phase, with increasing speed, it only tips forward so far that the air resistance to the front remains minimal.
- the pilot tilts it forward to about the horizontal and switches off the main engine. It can now usually go "downhill" to the destination (eg with 150m / s horizontally). Depending on the wing size, it loses vertically at 0 to 34m / s. For example, if it falls from 1400m to 300m at 17m / s, it travels horizontally almost 10km at the same time.
- the pilot always straightens the aircraft until the fuselage is fully supported. Then the engine carries increasingly to the landing. All in all, it could already drive so many kilometers without wings in a one-off climb phase that it is sufficient for almost all short-distance trips, for example in cities. For larger distances, the starting height can be increased enormously (there is little traffic above, when almost everything flies for short distances in the city) or jacket (42 Fig. 1 + 11) and wing (41 in Fig. 11) anmon ⁇ animals «!. In the latter, height requirements and energy consumption are significantly reduced. If the one-off altitude is not sufficient, the aircraft is allowed to get on and "sail" again. By switching the electric motors on / off or strongly / weakly in sections, up to 90% of the energy can be saved.
- wings should be designed and placed so that the aircraft does not carry more at the rear than at the front. If additional payload is loaded in the pilot's leg region in Fig. 11, the vehicle weight only increases in the rear and the aircraft cannot fall head over heels. If you surround the propeller (2) with a jacket, you should create so much wing area behind the center of gravity (17 Fig. 1), for example similar to that in Fig. 11 (dashed line 41), that the carrying capacity of the vehicle is roughly horizontal and little Payload, front and rear almost balanced, but not top heavy. Even more additional wings are preferably installed in such a way that they generate about the same amount of lift in front of and behind the center of gravity of the aircraft.
- the wing and jacket are optimized for the sailing phase, they run, for example, linearly (parallel) to the fuselage axis or bent in a known manner in such a way that when sailing at maximum speed there is a maximum radio width per meter of height loss. If the jacket, wings, etc. are approximately linear to the fuselage axis, the vehicle would be optimized equally well for any horizontally driven speed.
- the battery and the electric motors produce, for example, 50 to 100% more peak power than continuous power, which is used primarily for the climbing phase.
- the engine delivers at least the hovering power as continuous output (+ previously required «braking power).
- Fig. 13 the system is used with 2 completely separate equally strong engines (e.g. 12.5KW each) preferably so that one alone takes over the levitation and braking performance in the event of failure of the other.
- a known "rubber hose" (193) can be attached to the end of the aircraft, which inflates and prevents the other suction effect at the tail.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU53691/94A AU5369194A (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-11-08 | Vtol-plane, aircraft drive, type of flight and landing area |
| DE4439791A DE4439791A1 (de) | 1992-11-06 | 1994-11-08 | Flugzeugtriebwerk und senkrecht startendes und landendes Flugzeug |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4237529 | 1992-11-06 | ||
| DEP4237529.0 | 1992-11-06 | ||
| DEP4237642.4 | 1992-11-07 | ||
| DE4237642A DE4237642A1 (de) | 1992-11-07 | 1992-11-07 | Senkrecht startendes Flugzeug |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994011246A2 true WO1994011246A2 (de) | 1994-05-26 |
| WO1994011246A3 WO1994011246A3 (de) | 1994-08-18 |
Family
ID=25920218
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1993/001060 Ceased WO1994011246A2 (de) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-11-08 | Senkrecht startendes und landendes flugzeug, flugzeugtriebwerk, flugart und landeplatz |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5369194A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1994011246A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016062921A1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-28 | Hohenthal Markus | Aircraft |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB597246A (en) * | 1945-05-23 | 1948-01-21 | Bell Aircraft Corp | Improvements in aircraft |
| US2807429A (en) * | 1953-11-30 | 1957-09-24 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Apparatus for facilitating the taking off and landing of vertical rising aircraft |
| US2953321A (en) * | 1956-02-27 | 1960-09-20 | Hiller Helicopters | Vertical take-off flying platform |
| GB1548893A (en) * | 1976-06-01 | 1979-07-18 | Nash Frazer Ltd | Clamping device |
| DE2628274A1 (de) * | 1976-06-24 | 1978-01-05 | Leon Schmelzer | Ein durch lenkbare elektromotoren angetriebenes, senkrecht startendes fluggeraet |
| FR2619354B1 (fr) * | 1987-08-11 | 1989-12-22 | Bernadat Georges | Aeronef a decollage et a atterrissage vertical |
-
1993
- 1993-11-08 AU AU53691/94A patent/AU5369194A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-11-08 WO PCT/DE1993/001060 patent/WO1994011246A2/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016062921A1 (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-04-28 | Hohenthal Markus | Aircraft |
| US10589856B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2020-03-17 | Lentola Logistics Oy | Aircraft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1994011246A3 (de) | 1994-08-18 |
| AU5369194A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
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