WO1994018449A1 - Procede et appareil de regulation de l'injection de carburant - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de regulation de l'injection de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994018449A1
WO1994018449A1 PCT/FI1994/000041 FI9400041W WO9418449A1 WO 1994018449 A1 WO1994018449 A1 WO 1994018449A1 FI 9400041 W FI9400041 W FI 9400041W WO 9418449 A1 WO9418449 A1 WO 9418449A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
injection
fuel
needle
set forth
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1994/000041
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Reijo Mononen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sampower Oy
Original Assignee
Sampower Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sampower Oy filed Critical Sampower Oy
Priority to EP94905128A priority Critical patent/EP0681649A1/fr
Priority to AU58869/94A priority patent/AU5886994A/en
Priority to JP6517688A priority patent/JPH08506159A/ja
Publication of WO1994018449A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994018449A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/04—Pumps peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the injection of fuel, in which method the fuel is delivered under pressure to an injection nozzle, the injection being effected therefrom by using the power of a piezoelectric actuator for operating a needle shutting off the nozzle.
  • the invention relates also to an apparatus for controlling the injection of fuel from an injection nozzle provided with a high-pressure fuel pump and an opening mechanism for a needle, including a piezoelectric actuator.
  • a particular application of the invention is a method for controlling the injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a free-piston engine for gaining a complete control over the action of a free-piston engine by regulating the rate and/or timing of fuel injection.
  • US Patent publication 4,628,881 discloses several different solutions for an injection nozzle, wherein a solenoid valve controlled by an electric signal admits pressurized fuel into a hydraulic pressure booster or directly into a pressure accumulator. The amount of fuel is measured in the pressure booster or by the timing of a signal shutting off the solenoid valve.
  • Patent publications DE-1751543, EP-0218895 and EP-0219669 disclose the use of a piezoelectric actuator in a needle opening mechanism. These involve the use of piezolelectric tablets made of a hard, brittle ceramic material. The expansion of a single tablet is small and it is difficult to make a pile of tablets capable of withstanding the loads involved.
  • the cited publications pay no particular attention as to how it is possible to synchronize the timing and rate control of fuel injection accurately to the actions of an engine piston and the requirements of a varying load.
  • An object of the invention is to develop an improved method and apparatus providing a simple and robust mechanism for achieving an all-round and accurate control over the injection of fuel. This object is achieved by means of the invention on the basis of the characterizing features set forth in the annexed claims.
  • the injection control process can be readily governed by means of electronics.
  • the piezoelectric actuator provides a high operating speed and, if necessary, it is possible to produce pulse-width modulated opening cycles e.g. for a stratified feed or so-called pre-injection.
  • the piezoelectric actuator can be built inside an injection nozzle as a compact unit, which is supplied with pressurized fuel and control pulses.
  • the invention offers an excellent solution to this problem in that the timing and/or rate of injection is controlled or regulated by the power of a piezoelectric actuator and the piezoelectric actuator is controlled by means of electric pulses, whose timing is determined by means of a signal delivered by a transducer sensing the position of the engine piston.
  • fig. 1 shows a simplified basic view of of an apparatus of the invention for the injection of diesel fuel and for controlling the injection;
  • fig. 2 shows an example of how the fuel feeding rate may vary as a function of time, such that the actual injection (I) is preceded by a pre-injection (PI).
  • the figure also shows injection control pulses, whose pulse width is modulated to match the injection rate;
  • fig. 3 shows various embodiments for fitting a piezoelectric actuator in relation to the needle of an injection nozzle
  • fig. 4 shows schematically a free-piston engine, wherein the injection of fuel is controlled with a method and apparatus of the invention.
  • An injection nozzle 1 shown in fig. 1 included a needle 2 provided with a plunger 4, having therebelow a pressurized fuel chamber 3 and above a spring 5 for pressing the needle 2 to a shut-off position.
  • the needle 2 rises against the force of spring 5 and the nozzle opens.
  • the rise of said needle 2 is partially or completely prevented by means of a piezoelectric actuator 6 until the opening rise of needle 2 is allowed by the control of actuator 6.
  • the pulse-width modulation of control pulses being delivered to the piezoelectric film package 6 can be used for the accurate and high-speed control of the length of said film package 6, whereby the commencement, rising speed, and rising distance of the opening rise of needle 2 can be accurately and speedily adjusted.
  • the arrangement may be such that the film package 6 extended by a large pulse width prevents the rise of needle 2 partially or completely and reducing the pulse width serves to control the shortening of film package 6 and the rise of needle 2.
  • the control pulses are delivered from an electronic unit 7 via a control line 8.
  • the electronic unit 7 includes a necessary control logic for the timing and rate regulation of injection. If the question is about the injection of diesel fuel into a free-piston engine, the electronic unit 7 receives the information (in addition to the preset parameters) required for timing from a transducer 9 sensing the location and operating speed of the free piston.
  • fig. 1 discloses an embodiment of the invention in which an injection pump 10 is also operated by the power of a piezoelectric actuator.
  • a cylinder space 11 contains a piston 12 carrying a flange 14 at the end of its piston rod 13.
  • piezoelectrically extensible and reducible elements 15, 16 either one of which can also be replaced by a spring. Since piezoelectric elements are capable of producing very significant forces, the length of stroke can be increased by means of a lever mechanism, if necessary.
  • the injection of fuel is initiated by a pumping stroke performed by the piston 12 and produced by the electric control pulses of the piezoelectric elements 15, 16 received from the electronic unit 7.
  • a one-way valve 18 prevents the discharge of pressure through a fuel feeding pipe 19 and the cylinder space 11 receives more fuel through a one-way valve 17.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 6 If the piezoelectric actuator 6 is not supplied with any control pulses at all or the width of control pulses is very narrow, the needle 2 will be able to open partially or completely as a result of a pressure stroke received from the pump 10.
  • the pump 10 serves as a piezoelectric actuator, which determines the opening moment and speed of needle 2.
  • the accurate control over injection can be best achieved by means of the piezoelectric actuator 6 having a direct effect on the control of needle 2.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative arrangement, wherein a piezoelectric actuator 6a, upon extending, carries a needle 2 in the opening direction against the force of a spring 5'.
  • the spring will be able to operate as a sort of relief valve at the malfunction of the piezo- system and, in that case, the injection nozzle only operates at an opening pressure higher than normal.
  • the top end of needle 2 is provided with a flange 2a between piezoelectric actuator 6a and spring 5'.
  • Fig. 3b illustrates the preparation of the piezoelectric element 6a by winding a piezoelectric film material in a spiral fashion around the needle 2. In fig.
  • the piezoelectric element 6a is prepared from a film tape by pleating and the needle 2 extends through a hole in the middle.
  • Such piezoelectric film materials are commercially available products.
  • One example is the KYNAR piezo film which is available in varying thicknesses, the final element consisting of several laminated film layers.
  • a piezoelectric material e.g. PVDF, whose dimension changes slightly in one or more predetermined directions as a voltage is switched on between the electrically conducting film sheets. The change of dimension is directly proportional to the strength of voltage and inversely proportional to the thickness of a film sheet.
  • the change of dimension corresponds to the effective value of the voltage instead of the peak value of an individual pulse.
  • the change of dimension of a piezoelectric element 6, 6a can be regulated by modulating the width of the control pulses.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a basic example, wherein the narrow pulses delivered to a piezoelectric actuator 6a are used for achieving the pre-injection "Pi" of fuel and the wide pulses are used for achieving the actual injection "I".
  • the use of pre-injection results in a cleaner and more complete combustion.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates an application of the invention relating to a free-piston engine.
  • the opposite ends of a piston rod 22 are fitted with engine pistons 23 and 24.
  • the piston assembly 22, 23, 24 operates in a reciprocating fashion and produces power directly in a hydraulic form by means of a hydraulic cylinder 25 mounted on the piston rod 22.
  • the actions of said piston assembly 22, 23, 24 is monitored e.g. by means of an incremental transducer 9a, 9b, which delivers a number of pulses proportional to the operating distance of the piston assembly.
  • the pulse transducer includes a screw-threaded axle 9a, which is carried along with the piston assembly and has the passes of the ridges of its threading identified by means of a magnetoresistive identification transducer 9b.
  • the number of pulses received from the transducers 9b can be used as a basis for accurately determining the location of the piston assembly.
  • the speed determination for the piston assembly can be effected by calculating the number of pulses received from transducer 9b per unit time. A change in the speed of the piston assembly can be determined by monitoring the changes of pulse rate.
  • An electronic unit 7 is used for carrying out an analysis on the operating status of the piston assembly and, on the basis of this analysis, the piezoelectric actuator 6 is controlled in such a manner that the timing and rate of fuel feeding are related to the operating status of the piston. For example, if the piston 23 approaches the cylinder gable at a faster-than-normal speed, the pre-injection of fuel is initiated with plenty of time left and at a sufficient rate so that the piston can be stopped in order to avoid a gable-hitting stroke. The actual injection for a working stroke is not initiated until after the combustion of pre- injected fuel has sufficiently decelerated the action of the piston.
  • the control of fuel injection of the invention responses quickly and over its entire control range during the course of a single compression stroke and, thus, the actions of a piston assembly are always controlled despite quick and major fluctuations in the load.
  • the case shown in fig. 4 involves the use of mechanical injection pumps 20, which are disposed in a manner such that the axially operating pumping elements thereof receive their driving force from the collision of the skirts of pistons 23 and 24.
  • the fuel to be injected can be provided with a correctly timed pressure pulse and the actual fine tuning of the injection is effected according to the invention by means of a piezoelectric actuator 6 or 6a. If the axial extension of the illustrated engine unit is fitted with another engine unit (the end of which is shown by dash-and-dot lines), the fuel injection pumps 21 of this other engine unit are controlled on the basis of the actions of the same piston assembly 22, 23, 24, whereby the piston assemblies of different engine units can be operated simultaneously in the opposite directions.
  • the piezoelectric pump 10 and the injection nozzle 1 can be designed as a single compact unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé et à un appareil de régulation de l'injection de carburant pour moteur diesel. L'ouverture d'une aiguille (2) située dans un ajutage (1) d'injection est soumise à une action mécanique par un actionneur piézoélectrique (6). Ainsi, le réglage de la temporisation et du débit de l'injecton peut être commandé par un dispositif électronique (7) qui délivre des impulsions de commande électriques à l'actionneur (6). L'invention peut s'appliquer à un moteur sans piston dont le fonctionnement est commandé par le réglage de la temporisation et du débit de l'injection de carburant.
PCT/FI1994/000041 1993-02-01 1994-01-31 Procede et appareil de regulation de l'injection de carburant Ceased WO1994018449A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94905128A EP0681649A1 (fr) 1993-02-01 1994-01-31 Procede et appareil de regulation de l'injection de carburant
AU58869/94A AU5886994A (en) 1993-02-01 1994-01-31 Method and apparatus for controlling the injection of fuel
JP6517688A JPH08506159A (ja) 1993-02-01 1994-01-31 燃料の噴射を制御する方法及び装置

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI930425A FI930425A7 (fi) 1993-02-01 1993-02-01 Menetelmä ja laite dieselpolttoaineen ruiskutuksen ohjaamiseksi
FI930425 1993-02-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994018449A1 true WO1994018449A1 (fr) 1994-08-18

Family

ID=8537086

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1994/000041 Ceased WO1994018449A1 (fr) 1993-02-01 1994-01-31 Procede et appareil de regulation de l'injection de carburant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0681649A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08506159A (fr)
AU (1) AU5886994A (fr)
FI (1) FI930425A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994018449A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000025020A1 (fr) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-04 Daimlerchrysler Ag Dispositif de commande constante d'actionneurs piezo-electriques pour systemes d'injection de carburant
WO2002031349A1 (fr) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Ensemble compensateur muni d'une soupape sensible a la pression destine a etre accouple a un actionneur a solide situe dans un injecteur de carburant
US6749127B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-06-15 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Method of filling fluid in a thermal compensator
US6991187B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2006-01-31 Siemens Automotive Corporation Magneto-hydraulic compensator for a fuel injector
EP1717439A1 (fr) * 2005-04-18 2006-11-02 Dell'orto S.P.A. Système d'injection de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne
CN105327835A (zh) * 2015-12-07 2016-02-17 常州高凯精密机械有限公司 一种压电串联式柱塞喷射点胶装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1810146B1 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2009-03-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procede et dispositif de separation du traitement de codes de programme dans un systeme d'ordinateur comportant au moins deux unites d'execution

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3391680A (en) * 1965-09-01 1968-07-09 Physics Internat Company Fuel injector-ignitor system for internal combustion engines
DE1809465A1 (de) * 1968-11-18 1970-09-24 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Elektrisch steuerbares Einspritzventil
US4649886A (en) * 1982-11-10 1987-03-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3391680A (en) * 1965-09-01 1968-07-09 Physics Internat Company Fuel injector-ignitor system for internal combustion engines
DE1809465A1 (de) * 1968-11-18 1970-09-24 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Elektrisch steuerbares Einspritzventil
US4649886A (en) * 1982-11-10 1987-03-17 Nippon Soken, Inc. Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 11, No. 175, M-596; & JP,A,62 007 967 (TOYOTA MOTOR CORP), 14 January 1987 (14.01.87), details 26-28, 40. *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000025020A1 (fr) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-04 Daimlerchrysler Ag Dispositif de commande constante d'actionneurs piezo-electriques pour systemes d'injection de carburant
US6328019B1 (en) 1998-10-23 2001-12-11 Daimlerchrysler Ag Device and constant control of piezoelectric actuators for fuel injection systems
WO2002031349A1 (fr) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Ensemble compensateur muni d'une soupape sensible a la pression destine a etre accouple a un actionneur a solide situe dans un injecteur de carburant
WO2002031344A1 (fr) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-18 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Ensemble compensateur a double ressort pour injecteur de carburant et procede associe
US6676035B2 (en) 2000-10-11 2004-01-13 Siemens Automotive Corporation Dual-spring compensator assembly for a fuel injector and method
US6739528B2 (en) 2000-10-11 2004-05-25 Siemens Automotive Corporation Compensator assembly having a flexible diaphragm and an internal filling tube for a fuel injector and method
US6755353B2 (en) 2000-10-11 2004-06-29 Siemens Automotive Corporation Compensator assembly having a pressure responsive valve for a solid state actuator of a fuel injector
US6991187B2 (en) 2000-11-13 2006-01-31 Siemens Automotive Corporation Magneto-hydraulic compensator for a fuel injector
US6749127B2 (en) 2002-02-11 2004-06-15 Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation Method of filling fluid in a thermal compensator
EP1717439A1 (fr) * 2005-04-18 2006-11-02 Dell'orto S.P.A. Système d'injection de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne
CN105327835A (zh) * 2015-12-07 2016-02-17 常州高凯精密机械有限公司 一种压电串联式柱塞喷射点胶装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI930425L (fi) 1994-08-02
FI930425A0 (fi) 1993-02-01
JPH08506159A (ja) 1996-07-02
FI930425A7 (fi) 1994-08-02
EP0681649A1 (fr) 1995-11-15
AU5886994A (en) 1994-08-29

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