WO1998024275A1 - Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage de voie publique - Google Patents

Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage de voie publique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998024275A1
WO1998024275A1 PCT/DE1997/002788 DE9702788W WO9824275A1 WO 1998024275 A1 WO1998024275 A1 WO 1998024275A1 DE 9702788 W DE9702788 W DE 9702788W WO 9824275 A1 WO9824275 A1 WO 9824275A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microcontroller
lamp
underfloor
circuit
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1997/002788
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Schmidt
Hans Werner Otto
Henning Woock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP97949976A priority Critical patent/EP0941635A1/fr
Priority to CA002273015A priority patent/CA2273015A1/fr
Publication of WO1998024275A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998024275A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • H05B47/21—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel
    • H05B47/22—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in parallel with communication between the lamps and a central unit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/18—Controlling the light source by remote control via data-bus transmission

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for monitoring, controlling and regulating underfloor lights of a street lighting system, in which each underfloor light has at least one lamp, each of which is associated with a transceiver device with a microcontroller, which is connected via a power supply line and a router a control center which has a transmitting / receiving part and a control computer, is connected and can be acted upon from there with control commands.
  • the present invention is based on the object, on the basis of the above-mentioned prior art, to provide a device for monitoring, controlling and regulating underfloor lights of a street lighting system, by means of which a large number of lamps in underfloor lights are particularly advantageous, but nevertheless can be controlled, monitored and regulated centrally without the need for additional lines, whereby high demands are placed on the security-relevant transmission technology and the hardware-related design of the components used decentrally.
  • microcontrollers of the underfloor lights are components of a LON (locally operating network) which contains application-specific components, e.g. Switching and monitoring elements.
  • LON locally operating network
  • the microcontroller is designed as a one-chip controller, which leads to leads to considerable savings in terms of technical, constructive and economic expenditure.
  • the microcontroller advantageously has an EEPROM, a RAM, three CPU, a clocking and control block with clock / timer elements, an application input / output block and a communication port, the EEPROM, the RAM, the three CPU , the application input / output block and the communication port by means of an internal address bus and an internal data bus and the EEPROM, the RAM, the three CPU, the application input / output block, the communication port and the clocking and control -Block are connected to each other by means of a timing and control line.
  • the microcontroller's EEPROM expediently has 512 bytes, wherein network parameters and application programs can be stored in it.
  • the three CPUs of the microcontroller should advantageously each be designed as an 8-bit CPU.
  • the other two CPUs of the microcontroller can be used.
  • LONTALK protocol processing can be used, whereby the processable protocols have all seven layers of the reference model according to ISO / OSI.
  • the application input / output block can advantageously be used as a parallel interface to an external microprocessor with eight data and three control lines.
  • the application input / output block of the microcontroller has a 16-bit Load register, a counting device, a latch, a clock source, four 20 mA sink curling pins four, a programmable pull-up and possibly other elements.
  • the communication port of the microcontroller advantageously has five network interface pins, by means of which it connects to a baseband medium, e.g. can be connected to a twisted pair cable, or to an external transceiver.
  • the microcontroller can have a low-voltage detector and reset circuit, by means of which faulty operation or faults in the EEPROM can be prevented if the applied voltage is less than 4.1 VDL +/- 300 mV tolerance.
  • microcontroller does not have a ROM, it is useful if it has an external memory interface.
  • the RAM of the microcontroller can then have advantageous 2048 bytes.
  • the microcontroller has a RAM with 1024 or 2048 bytes and a ROM with 10240 bytes.
  • Each microcontroller has a unique, captive identification number, by means of which the lamp function status can be linked to an address, which preferably has 48 bits and for which 6 bytes of the EEPROM can be used.
  • the microcontroller should expediently have a service pen, so that an effective network device is possible.
  • Each underfloor light should have a lamp brightness control circuit that sets a predetermined lamp current setpoint via a pulse width modulation element and adjusts the actual value that is set.
  • This lamp brightness control circuit is advantageously designed for load dependency and line length compensation of the drop voltage or the voltage drop.
  • a switching power supply is advantageously provided which has a toroidal core transformer as the separating element which, in cooperation with the pulse width modulation element, determines the transmitted power.
  • each underfloor light is expediently provided with a disconnection circuit, which brings about a rapid disconnection in the event of impermissible currents and after troubleshooting, e.g. by lamp replacement, this separation cancels.
  • a measuring circuit is provided, via which a disconnection and a re-connection can be detected by the microcontroller.
  • all the loop functions can be detected by means of the measuring circuit and entered into the microcontroller, in which the actual lamp values are comparable with the lamp setpoints.
  • each underfloor light has a supply circuit by means of which the lamp current can be adapted to the supply voltage.
  • Each underfloor light should advantageously have an actuator circuit by means of which a signal can be generated, by means of which the true functional state of the lamp, for example lamp defect, line break or short circuit, can be reported back.
  • Each underfloor light should also be provided with a further supply circuit for the microcontroller, which ensures that a differentiated message can be sent to the LON in the event of faults in the lamp circuit.
  • function data on the state of the individual circuits can be reported to the control center by means of the microcontroller, which leads to considerable savings in maintenance and repair.
  • the individual underfloor lights are connected to the main power supply line via a detachable connection, in particular via a pressure water-protected first plug connection, which is preferably designed as a Schuko plug connection.
  • the lamp of the underfloor light can have an internal second plug connection, which is preferably designed as a two-pole FAA plug connection, and by means of which it is connected to elements of the underfloor light connected upstream of it.
  • the individual underfloor lights can expediently be lifted out of their seat in the street and separated from the main power supply line by means of the first plug connection.
  • the affiliation of individual underfloor lights to predefinable underfloor fire groups or underfloor fire chains, whereby the respective affiliation can be configured via the power supply line, ensures great variability and adaptation. ability of the street lighting system to meet different requirements.
  • the communication on the power supply line should be feasible in the C-band according to CENELEC, so that the standards applicable in Europe can be met.
  • the underfloor lights are advantageously connected in parallel on the power supply line.
  • the microcontrollers and the other switching and monitoring components of the underfloor light which are connected upstream of the lamp, are arranged on a circuit board which is adapted to the shape of a housing of the underfloor light and is fastened in the underfloor light so that it is shock and vibration-proof.
  • Each underfloor light advantageously has a module part which has the microcontroller and the switching and monitoring components connected upstream of the lamp of the underfloor light. This part of the module enables quick repairs in the event of malfunctions, since it can be easily replaced.
  • each underfloor light can be connected to the main power supply line by means of the pressurized water-protected plug connection and to the lamp of the underfloor light by means of the internal second plug connection.
  • each underfloor light has a metallic, earthed housing. If the circuit board is crescent-shaped, it can be arranged around the lamp of the underfloor light, which results in a flat design of the underfloor light.
  • the module part is cast in watertight, a cable tail being provided for each of the two plug connections.
  • the module part is advantageously arranged next to or around the lamp of the underfloor light, and the housing can be adapted to the crescent-shaped configuration of the circuit board.
  • the inventive device means that an almost potential-free operation of the underfloor light is possible with minimal energy consumption, with very low energy consumption occurring in standby mode.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of a device according to the invention for monitoring, controlling and regulating
  • Underfloor lighting of a street lighting system 2 shows a block diagram of a module part and a lamp of an underfloor light; 3 shows the spatial arrangement of underfloor lights, with multiple underfloor lights being provided; 4 shows a microcontroller of an underfloor light of the device according to the invention; 5 shows a schematic diagram of the underfloor light and its connection to the power supply line; 6 shows a plan view of a module part of the device according to the invention; 7 shows a bottom view of the module part shown in FIG. 6; and FIG. 8 shows a plan view of an underfloor fire of the device according to the invention.
  • a device shown in principle in FIG. 1 for monitoring, controlling and regulating underfloor lights of a street lighting system is subdivided into data communication within a LON (Local Operating Network) 1, into the control and monitoring by means of a control center designed as a PC 2 in the exemplary embodiment shown and the function of a module part 3 shown in detail in FIG. 2, of which each underfloor light 4 has one.
  • LON Local Operating Network
  • the data communication between the module part 3 of the underfloor light 4 and the PC 2 forming the center is implemented in the LON.
  • the transmission method is based on a differential Manchester code with a bit synchronization that can be adapted to the respective communication medium.
  • a CSMA procedure with access priorities realizes the collision avoidance. Priorities can be assigned for important messages.
  • routers 8 While data communication within operating buildings preferably takes place via twisted two-wire lines 5, since a high transmission rate is required there, routers 8 are installed in the area of the main low-voltage distributors, by means of which data protocols are integrated into one or more
  • Supply networks 6 can be coupled.
  • a star-shaped feed into the distribution level can take place.
  • the transmitters 9 for the power supply line 6 and the routers 8 via the twisted two-wire lines 5 to the LON 1 operate in the C-band according to CENELEC, which is approved for Europe.
  • the PC 2 forming the central unit takes over the central configuration, control and monitoring of the lights of the underfloor lights 4 which may have several lamps 10 via the module parts 3 thereof. It is possible to integrate several PC 2 without hierarchy at different locations in the LON, which then work redundantly and can monitor each other.
  • each module part 3 is configured with the PC 2 with regard to its affiliation with the underfloor fire chains 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 shown in FIG.
  • the corresponding data are loaded into the respective module parts 3 of the underfloor light 4, where they are stored captively.
  • the underfloor fire chains 11 and 13 form a transition from a carriageway 17 to an adjacent carriageway 18, and thus an underfloor fire chain group 11, 13.
  • the underfloor fire chains 12 and 14 form a transition from the carriageway 18 to the Road 17 and thus an underfloor fire chain group 12, 14. Because of the overlapping underfloor fire chains 11, 12, 13, 14, underfloor lights 4A are provided, which belong to different underfloor fire chains and underfloor fire chain groups.
  • a graphic user interface on the PC 2 takes over the representation of the module parts 3, different colors of the symbols of the module parts 3 signaling the different operating and error states of the module parts 3 with their connected lamps 10.
  • a history function makes it possible to record the on-time of all module parts 3 and the lamps 10 assigned to them and automatically gives maintenance instructions for replacing lamps.
  • the lamp work is taken as a basis here, since there is an extension of the service life when operating below the nominal data.
  • All history and maintenance data are stored in a file that can be expanded from the system of the facility.
  • Operating times, malfunctions and selection messages of the module parts 3 can be freely combined with a PC 2 in groups and arranged according to priorities; these can be further processed via data traffic with other control room computers and automatically forwarded to the maintenance companies.
  • the assembly date of the respective lamp 10 and the total operating time can be determined from each module part 3 according to the working history.
  • a "service terminal” function is available, with which the new module part 3 is assigned the data of the defective module part 3 by a PC 2, so that the work within the street lighting system is based solely on changing the Module part 3 limited.
  • All module parts 3 can be individually controlled by the PC 2 for test purposes with variable illuminance levels.
  • a traffic control computer can use a PC to call up 2 freely programmable scenarios relating to the actuation of the underfloor fire chains 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16; however, the PC 2 can also function as a traffic control computer.
  • the computer coupling to external systems is implemented, for example, by an RS 232 interface.
  • the module part 3 shown in FIG. 2 in its block diagram serves to control and monitor one lamp 10 of an underfloor light 4.
  • a isolating circuit 17 is provided in the series lamp circuit with the lamp 10, which ensures rapid separation of the lamp circuit part downstream from it and the lamp 10 of the underfloor light 4 also following it in the event of impermissible currents.
  • the isolating circuit 17 switches after a fault has been rectified, e.g. by means of a lamp exchange, the lamp circle again.
  • the separation of the lamp circuit downstream of the isolating circuit 17 is carried out by a microcon- troller 19 detected because there is an impermissible deviation of the actual value from the target value via a connecting line 20 in the microcontroller 19. This inadmissible deviation is available in the power supply line 6 or in the LON 1 by means of the transmitter 9. The same function applies to the return of the lamp circuit from the fault, for example after the lamp replacement has ended.
  • a supply circuit 21 adjusts the lamp voltage to the supply voltage when using low-voltage halogen lamps. Potential isolation can then be provided in such a lamp circuit.
  • An actuator circuit 22 enables the level of the current flowing through the output to be influenced by the lamp 10 when the lamp circuit is terminated.
  • the actuator circuit 22 receives its manipulated variable via a connecting line 23 from the microcontroller 19, in which a constant comparison of the current setpoint value with the lamp current actual value is carried out becomes. With this procedure, not only is the returned actual lamp current value checked, but the true functional state of the lamp 10 is also reported via the transformer 9 into the energy supply line 6 or the LON 1.
  • the microcontroller 19 contains the captive one
  • the desired functional operating state which the microcontroller 19 from the transmitter 9 from the supply network 6 or the LON 1, e.g. received by the PC 2 as an instruction, the microcontroller 19 can acknowledge via a connecting line 26, it must execute the instruction and then report the true state of the functional data via a connecting line 25 and the transmitter 9 into the LON 1 with address.
  • the module part 3 shown in principle in FIG. 2 is used in the case of the street lighting system according to the invention as a transmitter / receiver device for the underfloor light 4 and is via the LON 1, router 8 and the twisted two-wire lines 5 with the PC 2 acting as the central unit, which has a corresponding transmitting / receiving part and has a control computer in connection.
  • the microcontroller 19 of the module part 3 is designed as a one-chip controller.
  • the microcontroller 19 has an EEPROM 27, a RAM 28, three CPUs 29, 30, 31, a clocking and control block 32, an application input / output block 33 and a communication port 34, which is described via that described in FIG Transmitter 9 can connect to the LON.
  • the EEPROM 27, the RAM 28, the three CPU 29, 30, 31, the application input / output block and the communication port 34 are by means of an internal 16-bit address bus 35 and by means of an internal 8-bit data bus 36 connected to each other.
  • the EEPROM 27, the RAM 28, the three CPU 29, 30, 31, the application input / output block 33, the communication port 34 and the clocking and control block 32 are connected to one another by means of a timing and control line 37.
  • the EEPROM 27 of the microcontroller 19 has at least 512 bytes. Network parameters and application programs can be stored in it.
  • the three CPU 29, 30, 31 of the microcontroller 19 are each designed as an 8-bit CPU.
  • the first CPU 29 is used for application programs.
  • the two other CPU 30, 31 of the microcontroller 19 are used for LONTALK protocol processing.
  • 19 has eleven input / output connections 38 to 45 or 46, 47, 48, of which eight 38 to 45 can be used as data lines and three 46, 47, 48 as control lines if the application input / output block 33 is used as a parallel interface to an external microprocessor.
  • the application / input / output block 33 has a 16-bit load register, a counter, a latch, a clock source, four 20 mA sink curling pins, four programmable pull-ups and possibly other elements.
  • the communication port 34 of the microcontroller 19 has five network interface pins 49, by means of which it connects to a baseband medium, e.g. a twisted two-wire line, or can be connected to an external transceiver.
  • a baseband medium e.g. a twisted two-wire line
  • the clocking and control block 32 has a control block 50, a clock / timer block 51; the microcontroller can further have a low voltage detector and reset circuit 52.
  • the latter prevents erroneous operation or incorrect EEPROM values if the applied voltage is below a minimum voltage.
  • the control block 50 of the service block 32 has a reset and a service connection.
  • the clock / timer block 51 has a connection via which standard clock inputs of 20 MHz, 10 MHz, 5 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 1.25 MHz and 625 kHz are possible.
  • Two programmable 16-bit counters or timers are provided.
  • the microcontroller 19 can be connected to an external memory interface 53, which is shown in FIG. 4 only by the corresponding reference symbol.
  • the RAM 28 of the microcontroller 19 has 2048 bytes.
  • the RAM 28 of the microcontroller 19 has 1024 bytes and an additional ROM provided in the microcontroller 19 has 10240 bytes.
  • each module part 3 there is a unique identification number which is stored in a captive manner and by means of which a network address of the respective lamp 10 of the underfloor light 4 can be linked; the identification number has 48 bits; 6 bytes of EEPROM 27 can be used for this.
  • the microcontroller 19 also has a service pen.
  • FIG. 5 shows the connection of an underfloor light 4 to the power supply line 6.
  • a sleeve or a branch 54 is provided on the power supply line 6, the branching cable section 55 of which is connected to the module part 3 of the underfloor light 4 via a first plug-in connection 56, which is designed as a shockproof plug connection.
  • the module part 3 has a cable section 57, at the free end of which the first plug 56 on the module part side is provided.
  • the module part 3 On its side facing the lamp 10 of the underfloor light 4, the module part 3 likewise has a cable section 58, at the free end of which a second plug-in connection 59 inside the underfloor light is provided, by means of which the module part 3 can be connected to the lamp 10.
  • the second connector 59 is designed as a two-pole FAA connector.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a top view and a bottom view of a circuit board 60 having the functional elements of the module part 3.
  • the circuit board 60 has a curved configuration so that, as can be seen from FIGS. 6 and 7, it is more or less crescent-shaped. Due to this crescent-shaped design of the circuit board 60, the module part 3 can practically be at the same level as the lamp 10 of the underfloor light 4 can be arranged around the lamp 10. This results in an overall particularly flat design of the underfloor light 4, with the result that it can be arranged in the pavement and bitumen area of a street, whereas underlying foundation elements of the street are not required for the arrangement of the underfloor light 4.
  • the circuit board 60 with the functional elements arranged on it is advantageously provided with a metallic housing 61, which is shown in FIG. 8 only in principle by the dashed line.
  • the circuit board 60 with the functional elements arranged on it can be cast in plastic in order to avoid any malfunctions due to moisture or the like. sure to rule out.
  • the cable ends 57, 58 protrude from the metallic housing 61 of the circuit board 60 or the module part 3, by means of which the module part 3, on the one hand, connects to the lamp 10 of the underfloor light 4 shown in FIG. 8 and, on the other hand, to the power supply line, not shown in FIG 6 can be connected.
  • the underfloor light 4 has a housing 62 which can be lifted out of its seat in the street and can be separated from the power supply line 6 by the first plug connection 56.
  • a lamp 10 e.g. a 65 watt lamp can be used.

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de contrôle, de commande et de régulation d'éclairage affleurant d'un système de balisage de voie publique, dans lequel chaque moyen d'éclairage affleurant présente au moins une lampe (10). Les moyens d'éclairage affleurant présentent un dispositif émetteur/récepteur (3) doté d'un microcontrôleur et connecté à un centrale (2) présentant un élément émetteur/récepteur et un ordinateur de commande, par l'intermédiaire d'une ligne d'alimentation en énergie (6) et d'un routeur (8); des ordres de commande sont envoyés de la centrale, au dispositif émetteur/récepteur (3). L'invention a pour but de réaliser un système de balisage et un dispositif du type précité avec un minimum de moyens de construction et un minimum de frais. Ce but est atteint grâce au fait que le microcontrôleur de chaque moyen d'éclairage affleurant fait partie d'un réseau local (LON) (1), lequel présente, en outre, des composants spécifiques d'application, par exemple, des éléments de commutation et de contrôle.
PCT/DE1997/002788 1996-11-28 1997-11-28 Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage de voie publique Ceased WO1998024275A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97949976A EP0941635A1 (fr) 1996-11-28 1997-11-28 Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage de voie publique
CA002273015A CA2273015A1 (fr) 1996-11-28 1997-11-28 Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage de voie publique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19649371A DE19649371C1 (de) 1996-11-28 1996-11-28 Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur zentralen Überwachung, Steuerung und Regelung einer großen Anzahl von Glüh- oder Halogenlampen in Feuern
DE19649371.4 1996-11-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998024275A1 true WO1998024275A1 (fr) 1998-06-04

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1997/002787 Ceased WO1998024274A1 (fr) 1996-11-28 1997-11-28 Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage d'aeroports
PCT/DE1997/002788 Ceased WO1998024275A1 (fr) 1996-11-28 1997-11-28 Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage de voie publique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1997/002787 Ceased WO1998024274A1 (fr) 1996-11-28 1997-11-28 Dispositif de controle, de commande et de regulation d'eclairage affleurant d'un systeme de balisage d'aeroports

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0941635A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE232040T1 (fr)
CA (2) CA2273015A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19649371C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0941634T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2191868T3 (fr)
WO (2) WO1998024274A1 (fr)

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GB2372160A (en) * 2001-02-09 2002-08-14 Larry Taylor Street light management
US6714895B2 (en) * 2000-06-28 2004-03-30 A.L. Air Data, Inc. Lamp monitoring and control unit and method

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FR2823947A1 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-25 Automatique & Ind Dispositif de commande, de controle et de regulation d'une vague lumineuse dans un systeme d'eclairage
DE10146191A1 (de) * 2001-09-17 2003-04-10 Ackermann Albert Gmbh Co Verfahren zur Leuchtmittelüberwachung von Lichtrufsystemen und Lichtrufsystem
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Also Published As

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EP0941634B1 (fr) 2003-01-29
DE19649371C1 (de) 1998-04-02
WO1998024274A1 (fr) 1998-06-04
DK0941634T3 (da) 2003-05-26
EP0941635A1 (fr) 1999-09-15
ATE232040T1 (de) 2003-02-15
CA2273015A1 (fr) 1998-06-04
ES2191868T3 (es) 2003-09-16
EP0941634A1 (fr) 1999-09-15
CA2273013A1 (fr) 1998-06-04
DE59709244D1 (de) 2003-03-06

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