WO1998054304A2 - Chitinase - Google Patents
Chitinase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998054304A2 WO1998054304A2 PCT/DE1998/001497 DE9801497W WO9854304A2 WO 1998054304 A2 WO1998054304 A2 WO 1998054304A2 DE 9801497 W DE9801497 W DE 9801497W WO 9854304 A2 WO9854304 A2 WO 9854304A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- chitinase
- chitin
- new
- chitinases
- proteins
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01014—Chitinase (3.2.1.14)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2434—Glucanases acting on beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2442—Chitinase (3.2.1.14)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new chitinase, its preparation and its use. Areas of application of the invention are medicine and the food industry.
- Chitinases break down chitin into smaller oligomeric saccharides.
- Chitin one of the most common natural polymers alongside cellulose, is made up of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is an essential structural component in the outer skeleton of crayfish and insects and also part of the cell walls of most fungi.
- Chitinases are widespread in nature and have been found in bacteria, fungi, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. Chitinases play different roles in these organisms. In vertebrates they are part of the digestive system (small crabs of the sea as food for fish, insects as food for birds). In insects, crabs and fungi, chitinases primarily have morphogenetic functions (insects and crabs: partial degradation of the outer skeleton during the molting processes necessary for growth; fungi: growth of the mycelium). Bacteria secrete chitinases in order to gain energy from the breakdown of chitin. They play an essential role in the recycling of chitin from dead organisms.
- chitin is not found in plants, chitinases are found in many plants. These occur in plants both constitutively and induced by abiotic or biotic stress. In particular, the finding that infection of plants with fungal pathogens in plants induces the synthesis of chitinases led to the view that chitinases have a role in the defense against such pathogens. It has been shown that such chitinases can inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens both in vitro and in vivo (after constitutive expression in transgenic plants). Given the great importance of fungal pathogens for crops from this point of view there is considerable biotechnological interest in chitinases.
- chitin The main commercial source for chitin is in the shells of crabs and shrimps, which amount to more than 1 million tons a year from fishing waste. Chitin and its derivatives are of great interest for various applications in medicine, industry and food production.
- Chitinases for technical applications e.g. the conversion of process waste from shrimp processing to yeast protein, have so far been obtained from bacterial cultures, for which appropriate fermenter systems are required (Muzzarelli, RAA: Chitin, in: The Polysacharides, Vol. III. Publisher Aspinall, GO Academic Press New York, 1985).
- the invention has for its object to expand the spectrum of the existing chitinases and to provide a new chitinase that can be obtained in good yield from plant material.
- a chitinase was found in the seeds of the giant bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.).
- the giant bean or jack bean is a legume native to the tropics of South America, which can now be found in the entire tropical and subtropical belt of the world. This crop is used only to a minor extent for nutrition, it is often cultivated as a green manure and cover plant in tobacco, sugar cane, pineapple, cocoa and citrus plantations.
- the chitinase from the giant bean according to the invention extends the spectrum in that this enzyme is an endo-chitinase, while the microbial chitinases are exo-chitinases.
- the chitinase of the giant bean is accumulated in the ripe seed. These seeds can be stored for years so that the starting material is readily available.
- the isolation and purification of the chitinase from the seeds of the giant bean is carried out according to the invention in 4 steps: 1. Extraction of the proteins with buffer solution 2. Precipitation of the majority of the inactive storage proteins 3. Separation of the lectin concanavalin A (second most common protein) 4. Purification of the chitinase by cation and anion exchange chromatography. The purity thus achieved allows the enzyme to crystallize.
- the molecular weight is 26225, the isoelectric point pH 9.3, the pH optimum for the cleavage of chitin pH 6.0.
- the complete amino acid sequence was derived from cDNA clones and confirmed by sequencing the N-terminal end and internal peptides.
- chavinase from Canavalia ensiformis (derived from complete cDNA; sequenced peptides underlined) has the following structure:
- the amount of enzyme that can be isolated per gram of starting material is thus significantly higher in the case of chitinase from the giant bean than in the two previously known examples.
- the supernatant from this centrifugation is applied to a Sephadex G-75 column to which the lectin concanavalin A binds. This will remove the second most common protein from the extract.
- the unbound fraction is concentrated by ultrafiltration and buffered by dialysis in 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 6.4. This sample is applied to a cation exchange column (-S0 3 ⁇ ). Impurities are removed with the unbound fraction.
- the chitinase activity sought is eluted with a NaCl gradient at about 0.2 M NaCl. This fraction is again concentrated by ultrafiltration and buffered by dialysis in 0.05 M Tris / HCl buffer pH 9.5.
- This sample is separated on an anion exchange column (-N * (CH 3 ) 3 ).
- the pure chitinase is eluted in the unbound fraction, impurities are bound to the column. After concentration, the chitinase can be crystallized by vapor diffusion against ammonium sulfate solution, which gives a very stable form of the enzyme.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19722264A DE19722264A1 (de) | 1997-05-28 | 1997-05-28 | Neue Chitinase |
| DE19722264.1 | 1997-05-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998054304A2 true WO1998054304A2 (de) | 1998-12-03 |
| WO1998054304A3 WO1998054304A3 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
Family
ID=7830692
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1998/001497 Ceased WO1998054304A2 (de) | 1997-05-28 | 1998-05-27 | Chitinase |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19722264A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1998054304A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107854511B (zh) * | 2016-09-21 | 2021-02-23 | 伟翔生技开发股份有限公司 | 关刀豆在制备用于保护膀胱避免损伤的药物中的用途 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0418695A1 (de) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-03-27 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Regulatorische DNA-Sequenz |
-
1997
- 1997-05-28 DE DE19722264A patent/DE19722264A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-05-27 WO PCT/DE1998/001497 patent/WO1998054304A2/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1998054304A3 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
| DE19722264A1 (de) | 1998-12-03 |
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