WO1999002508A1 - Process for producing 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxazolidinone compounds - Google Patents
Process for producing 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxazolidinone compounds Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999002508A1 WO1999002508A1 PCT/JP1998/002129 JP9802129W WO9902508A1 WO 1999002508 A1 WO1999002508 A1 WO 1999002508A1 JP 9802129 W JP9802129 W JP 9802129W WO 9902508 A1 WO9902508 A1 WO 9902508A1
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- oxazolone
- methyl
- oxazolidinone
- methoxy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/44—Two oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
- C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
- C07D263/24—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by oxygen atoms, attached to other ring carbon atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a 4-alkoxycarboxy-2-oxazolidinone compound, which is useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals or synthetic pesticides of agricultural chemicals.
- 4-Alkoxycarbonyl 2-oxazolidinone compounds can be prepared, for example, according to the method described in Journa 1 of American Chemicals Society 18, page 3584-3590 (1996). By carrying out alkaline hydrolysis using an aqueous solution of a compound, it is possible to easily lead to a /?-Hydroxy-1- ⁇ -amino acid compound useful as a drug or a drug intermediate or a raw material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a novel 4-alkoxycarbonyl 2-oxazolidinone compound useful as a raw material for synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals and as an intermediate.
- the present invention provides a compound represented by the general formula (I):
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of Ci Cuj which may be substituted, a cycloalkyl group of C 3 to C 10 which may be substituted or C 2 to C 1 () which may be substituted.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C Cw alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group or an unsubstituted c 2 Represents an alkenyl group of ⁇ c 1 () ,
- R 3 is optionally substituted (: ⁇ (: 10 alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group optionally C 3 -C 10 substituted, optionally substituted C 2 -C 10 alkenyl Le group (However, excluding a 2-alkenyl group) or a phenyl group which may be substituted
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of c 2 to c 20, an optionally substituted c 3 to c 10 chosen cycloalkyl group, a substituted 2 may c be the to c 20 alkynyl group, optionally substituted C 6 -C 20 Ariru group, from optionally substituted N, 0 and S A 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring group containing one or two heteroatoms, an optionally substituted C 6 alkoxycarbonyl group, an acetyl group or a benzoyl group,
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxazolidinone compound represented by the formula: BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- the production method of the present invention comprises, for example, the following reaction formula (I)
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 have the same meaning as described above
- R 1 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C i C! O alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 3 10 cycloalkyl group, alkenyl group optionally substituted C 2 ⁇ C 1 () or It represents a phenyl group which may be substituted.
- R 1 The “optionally substituted alkyl group of C! To j.” Represented by R 1 includes (1) an “alkyl group of C i C! O having no substituent”, or (2) A C i -C 10 alkyl group having a substituent ”.
- Examples of the “(1)” “substituted (alkyl)” include, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group (including isomers), a butyl group (including each isomer), and a pentyl group. (Including each isomer), hexyl group (including each isomer), heptyl group (including each isomer), octyl group (including each isomer), nonyl group (including each isomer), or decyl And straight-chain or branched alkyl groups of (:, to (:.) Such as groups (including each isomer).
- the substituent of the "alkyl group C having a substituent" of (2) for example, Shiano group, Benjiruokishi group, Futaruimino group, Ashiruamino group, linear or branched C, alkyl ⁇ C 6 Alkoxycarbonyl group having a moiety, same or different, linear or branched ( ⁇ to ( ⁇ trialkylsilyloxy group having an alkyl moiety, halogen atom, optionally substituted aryl group)
- Optionally substituted “5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S hereinafter also referred to as“ heteroaromatic group ”)” or substituted And an alkoxy group of C 1 ()
- the number and position of the substituents are not limited.
- the “optionally substituted aryl group” as a substituent of the “substituted to C 10 alkyl group” of (2) includes: (2-1) “aryl group having no substituent”; Or (2-2) “aryl group having a substituent”.
- Examples of the “aryl group having no substituent” in (2-1) include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group and a phenanthryl group.
- Examples of the substituent of the “aryl group having a substituent” of (2-2) include a nitro group; a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a linear or branched alkyl group moiety of (, to (: 6.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not limited.
- the “optionally substituted heteroaromatic ring group” as a substituent of “(:! To (: 10 ) alkyl group having a substituent” in (2) means (2-3) A heteroaromatic group having no substituent ”, or (2-4)“ a heteroaromatic group having a substituent ”.
- heteroaromatic ring group of the “heteroaromatic group having no substituent” in (2-3) examples include, for example, a furyl group, a phenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a 2 H-pyrrolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, and a thiazolyl group.
- a furyl group a phenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a 2 H-pyrrolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, and a thiazolyl group.
- isothiazolyl group imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, viranyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazyl group, pyrimidyl group or pyrazinyl group.
- Examples of the substituent of the “heteroaromatic group having a substituent” in (2-4) include a nitro group; a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a linear or branched C 6 -alkyl group; parts alkoxycarbonyl group having !; were identical or different, linear or branched C trialkylsilyl O alkoxy group having an alkyl group moiety of the Cs; halogen atom; straight chain or branched-Ji 6 Alkyl group; straight-chain or branched alkoxy groups of c 6 .
- the number and positions of the substituents are not limited.
- C having no substituent group, an alkoxy group having -C 10" in - (2 5) (including isomers) If, main butoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group example, a butoxy group (including isomers ), Pentyloxy group (including each isomer), hexyloxy group (including each isomer), heptyloxy group (including each isomer), octyloxy group (including each isomer), nonyloxy group (including each isomer) Or d-d, such as decyloxy groups (including each isomer). It is possible to raise the alkoxy group.
- Examples of the substituent of the “alkoxy group of CiC! O having a substituent” in (2-6) include a benzyloxy group; a phenoxy group; a methoxetoxy group; the same or different, linear or branched And a trialkylsilyloxy group having a C Ce alkyl group portion or a linear or branched C, to C 6 alkoxy group.
- the number and position of the substituent are not particularly limited.
- the “optionally substituted cycloalkyl group” represented by R 1 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) may be (3) an unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group. or (4) has the same meaning as "cycloalkyl group C 3 -C 10 having a substituent".
- Examples of the (C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group having no substituent) of (3) include, for example, cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, such as Bol two group or Adamanchiru group, as possible out and a cycloalkyl group of C 3 ⁇ C i 0.
- Examples of the substituent of the “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group having a substituent” in (4) include a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a benzosulfonyl group; an acylamino group; An alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkyl group portion of C 6 ; the same or different, linear or branched c, ⁇ ⁇ : a trialkylsilyloxy group having an alkyl portion portion of 6 ; a halogen atom; Or a branched C Ce alkyl group; a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a linear or branched c 6 alkoxy group.
- the number and position of the substituent are not particularly limited.
- C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group represented by R 1 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is represented by (5) “C 2 -C 10 unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 has the same meaning as the alkenyl group "C 2 -C 10 having an alkenyl group” force ,, or (6) "substituent.
- the “C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group having no substituent” in (5) includes, for example, an ethynyl group, a propenyl group (including each isomer), a butenyl group (including each isomer), Pentenyl group (including each isomer), hexenyl group (including each isomer), heptenyl group (including each isomer), octenyl group (including each isomer), nonenyl group (including each isomer) included) or decenyl group (including isomers), may be mentioned alkenyl groups of linear or branched C 2 -C 1 ().
- Examples of the substituent of the “substituted C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group” in (6) include a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a linear or branched C i Ce alkyl group.
- the number and position of the substituent are not particularly limited.
- the “optionally substituted phenyl group” represented by R 1 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) means a phenyl group or a “phenyl group having a substituent”.
- substituent of the “phenyl group having a substituent” include ( ⁇ to ( ⁇ a linear or branched alkyl group, nitro group, benzyloxy group, halogen atom, acylamino group, it can be exemplified Jo or branched alkoxy group of C i to C 6. Note that the number and position of the substituent is not limited.
- R 1 examples include a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, and the like.
- R 2 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C i -C 1 Q alkyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group or It represents an unsubstituted alkenyl group of c 2 to c 1 () .
- the “optionally substituted C 1 to C 10 alkyl group” represented by R 2 includes: (7) “an alkyl group of Ci Cio having no substituent”, or (8) “Ci having a substituent” To an alkyl group of Ci.
- alkyl group of C i C! O having no substituent in (7), the above-mentioned “C! .
- Examples of the substituent of the “alkyl group having a substituent C to...” in (8) include a phthalimid group; a benzyloxy group; and a linear or branched C! Cs alkyl group moiety.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not limited.
- the “aryl group which may be substituted” as a substituent of the “alkyl group of” is (8-1) an “aryl group having no substituent”, or (8-2) “an aryl group having no substituent”.
- Aryl group ".
- Examples of the “aryl group having no substituent” in (8-1) include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the substituent of the “aryl group having a substituent” in (8-2) include:
- the number and positions of the substituents are not limited.
- the “optionally substituted heteroaromatic group” as a substituent of the “alkyl group having a substituent (s) to (.)” Of (8) is (8-3) “having no substituent”.
- heteromatic group having no substituent examples include a furyl group, a chenyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isooxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an indolyl group, and an imidazolyl group.
- the heteroaromatic group of the “heteroaromatic group having a substituent” of (8-4) has the same meaning as the “heteroaromatic group having no substituent” of (8-3).
- Examples of the substituent of the “heteroaromatic group having a substituent” in (8-4) include straight-chain or branched ⁇ C! .
- an alkoxycarbonyl group having a halogen atom or a linear or branched C to C 6 alkyl group moiety are not limited.
- the “optionally substituted phenyl group” represented by R 2 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) means a phenyl group or a “phenyl group having a substituent”.
- substituent of the “phenyl group having a substituent” include a benzyloxy group; a halogen atom; a linear or branched C i Cg alkoxy group; an acylamino group or the same or different, linear or Branched Cj ⁇ As possible out and the like trialkylsilyl O alkoxy group having an alkyl moiety of C 6.
- the number and positions of the substituents are not limited.
- the “unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group” represented by R 2 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is, for example, a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group. it can be mentioned alkenyl groups of C 2 ⁇ C 1 0.
- R 2 examples include, for example, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, Xyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 3-methoxycarbonylpropyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbutyl, 1-trimethylsilyloxethyl, benzyl Methoxymethyl group, 1 benzyloxyl group, 1 benzyloxyl pill group, 1-benzyloxybutyl group, methoxymethyl group, 1 tert-butoxyl group, 1 ethoxyl group, 1- Xyloxyshethyl group, Isopropoxymethyl group, 1_n-propoxymethyl group, 2-methyl
- R 3 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is an optionally substituted C 10 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group, It represents an optionally substituted C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group (however, excluding a 2-alkenyl group) or an optionally substituted phenyl group.
- the “optionally substituted C i -C 10 alkyl group” represented by R 3 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is defined as (9) “an unsubstituted C ⁇ -C 10 alkyl groups ”or (10)“ Ci Cio alkyl group having a substituent ”.
- Examples of the “C> to C 10 alkyl group having no substituent” in (9) include, for example, And a straight-chain or branched alkyl group of C, to C, o.
- C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group represented by R 3 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is defined as (11) “C 3 having no substituent” ⁇ cycloalkyl group "or (1 2) to C 10 means a" cycloalkyl group having C 3 -C 10 having a substituent ".
- the “unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group” in (11) is the same as the “unsubstituted C 3 -C 1 () cycloalkyl group” described in (3). has the meaning, "cycloalkyl group C 3 -C 10 having a substituent", (4) described in the "cycloalkyl group C 3 -C 10 having a location substituent” in (1 2) Has the same meaning.
- the “optionally substituted C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group (excluding 2-alkenyl group)” represented by R 3 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) is represented by (13 ) "alkenyl group having no C 2 -C 10 substituent (provided that 2-alkenyl excluding group)” or (1-4) "alkenyl C 2 -C 10 having a substituent (provided that 2 one Excluding alkenyl groups) ”.
- Examples of the “alkenyl group of C 2 to C! Having no substituent (excluding 2-alkenyl group)” in (13) include, for example, linear or branched c 2 to c And 10 alkenyl groups (excluding 2-alkenyl groups).
- Examples of the substituent of the “C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group having a substituent (excluding 2-alkenyl group)” in (14) include, for example, a benzyloxy group; a linear or branched C! An alkoxycarbonyl group having a C 6 to C 6 alkyl group; an acylamino group; a halogen atom; which may be substituted according to (described in (8-1) and (8-2)) Aryl group or an alkoxy group of C to (: 10 ) described in (2-5).
- the number and position of the substituents are not limited.
- the “optionally substituted phenyl group” represented by R 3 in the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) means a phenyl group or a “phenyl group having a substituent”.
- substituent of the “phenyl group having a substituent” include ( ⁇ to (: 6 linear or branched alkyl groups, nitro groups, and the aforementioned halogen atoms.
- R 3 as, for example, a methyl group, Echiru group, a propyl group, Isopuropiru group, butyl group, Isobuchiru group, sec- butyl group, tert- butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group Octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl group, 3-methoxycarbonylpropyl group, 4-methoxycarbonylbutyl group, 1-benzyloxyshethyl group, 3-benzyloxypropyl group , 3-benzyloxyisobutyl group, 2-methoxyl group, 2-tert-butoxyl group, 2-ethoxyl group, 2-hexoxyl group, 2-isopropyl group Poxyshetyl, 3-n-propoxypropyl, 2-trifluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-chloroethyl,
- 1- (4-chlorophenyl) ethyl group 1- (1-naphthyl) ethyl group, 1- (2-naphthyl) ethyl group, diphenylmethyl group, di (4-chlorophenyl) methyl group, di ( 4-Methoxyphenyl) methyl, trityl, 2-phenylethyl, 2- (4-benzyloxyphenyl) ethyl, ethynyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 3-butenyl 1-pentenyl group, 3-pentenyl group, 4-pentenyl group, 5-hexenyl group, 6-heptenyl group, 7-octenyl group, 8-nonyl group, 9-decenyl group, 3-methoxycarbonyl 1 1 — Propenyl group, 1-methoxycarbonylethynyl group, 2-benzyloxymethylethynyl group, 3-chloro
- the compound (I) represented by the general formula (I) include, for example, 3-benzyl-5-methoxy-2 (3H) oxazolone, 3-benzyl-4-methyl-1-5-methoxy-2 (3H) oxazolone, 3- (4-nitrobenzyl) -1-5-ethoxy-1 (3H) oxazolone, 3-benzyl-1-5- ( ⁇ ) -menthyloxy 2 (3 ⁇ ) -oxazolone, 3- (4 —Methylbenzyl) 1 4-Methyl-1 5-Methoxy-1 2 (3 ⁇ ) —oxazolone, 3— (1-phenylethyl) _5 _Methoxy 2 (3 ⁇ ) —oxoxalone, 3— ((S) — 1— (Phenylenyl) 1-5-isopropoxy 1 2 (3 ⁇ ) -oxazolone, 3-((R) — 1-phenylethyl) 1-5-methoxy-1 2 (3 ⁇ ) 1-year
- reaction formula 2 The 5-alkoxy-2 (3H) one-year-old xazolone (compound (I)) represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention is produced according to the method of the reaction formula (2) described below. (Reaction formula 2)
- the first step is a step of producing a compound represented by the general formula (H) (hereinafter, also referred to as compound (II)), wherein an N-substituted monoamino acid ester compound represented by the general formula (W) ( (Hereinafter, also referred to as compound (W)) in a solvent in the presence of an inorganic base such as sodium carbonate or an organic base such as triethylamine with a carbonyl carbonylating agent such as phosgene or trichloromethylchloroformate.
- an inorganic base such as sodium carbonate or an organic base such as triethylamine
- a carbonyl carbonylating agent such as phosgene or trichloromethylchloroformate.
- Compound (I) can be obtained by subjecting the represented compound to an intramolecular cyclization reaction.
- R 4 in the compound ( ⁇ ) represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) is a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted (: :. Alkyl group, an optionally substituted c 2 -c
- substituted heteroatoms 1 if Ku selected from Good N, 0 and S have the two containing 5 or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring group, - which may be substituted (: 6 Al of It represents a carbonyl group, an acetyl group or a benzoyl group.
- the “optionally substituted C 20 alkyl group” represented by R 4 includes (15) “a C 20 alkyl group having no substituent”, or (16) “substituent Having a C i -C 20 alkyl group ”.
- the “unsubstituted (alkyl group of ⁇ to (:)” includes, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group (including isomers), a butyl group (including each isomer) , Pentyl group (including each isomer), hexyl group (including each isomer), heptyl group (including each isomer), octyl group (including each isomer), nosyl group (including each isomer) ), Decyl group (including each isomer), pendecyl group (including each isomer), dodecyl group (including each isomer), tridecyl group (including each isomer), tetradecyl group (including each isomer) ), Pentadecyl group (including each isomer), hexadecyl group (including each isomer), heptadecyl group (including each isomer), octadect
- ⁇ C 2 Linear or branched alkyl group.
- substituent of the ( ⁇ -(: 20 alkyl group) having a substituent in (16) include a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a phthalimino group; and a linear or branched alkyl group portion of Ci Ce.
- the “optionally substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl group” represented by R 4 in the compound ( ⁇ ) represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) is defined as (17) “C 2 -C having no substituent”. 20 alkenyl group "of, or (1 8) has the same meaning as” alkenyl C 2 -C 20 which may have a substituent ".
- Examples of the “unsubstituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl group” in (17) include, for example, linear or branched C 2 -C i. And the alkenyl group of
- substituent of the “C 2 -C 20 alkenyl group having a substituent” of (18) for example, a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; an acylamino group; a linear or branched C!
- alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkyl moiety of to c 6 the same or different, a trialkylsilyl O alkoxy group having a linear or branched alkyl moiety of the C i ⁇ C 6; halogen atom; "(2 — 3), (2-4)) aryl group; C 3 to C i. Or a heteroaromatic group.
- Examples of the (C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group having no substituent) of (19) include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclononyl group or A cyclodecyl group can be mentioned.
- substituent of the “C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl group having a substituent” in (20) for example, a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a linear or branched Ci-C 6 alkyl group An alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkyl group portion; the same or different, linear or branched C!-(: A trialkylsilyloxy group having an alkyl group portion of 6 ; an acylamino group; a halogen atom; an aryl group Or a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group of C 1 to C 6.
- the number and position of the substituents are not limited.
- the “optionally substituted C 2 -C 20 alkynyl group” represented by R 4 in the compound ( ⁇ ) represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) is defined as (21) “C-substituted C 20 having no substituent.
- ⁇ Rukiniru group "force, or (22) has the same meaning as alkynyl group” C 2 -C 20 having a "substituent.
- Examples of the substituent of the “substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl group” in (22) include, for example, a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; an acylamino group; a linear or branched C 6 -alkyl group.
- the “optionally substituted C 6 -C 20 aryl group” represented by R 4 in the compound ( ⁇ ) represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) is defined as (23) “C 6 -C 20 having no substituent”. (24) has the same meaning as (24) “C 6 -C 20 aryl group having a substituent”.
- Examples of the “C 6 -C 20 aryl group having no substituent” in (23) include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthranyl group and a phenanthryl group.
- the aryl group of the “C 6 -C 20 aryl group having a substituent” in (24) has the same meaning as (23) “C 6 -C 2 having no substituent. Aryl group”.
- Examples of the substituent of the aryl group of the “C 6 -C 20 aryl group having a substituent” in (24) include a nitro group; a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; (3 (: an alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkyl group portion of 6 ; the same or different, a linear or branched trialkylsilyloxy group having an alkyl group portion of C! Cs; a halogen atom; Chain or branched C Cs alkyl group or linear or Is a branched (: alkoxy group).
- a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S which may be substituted represented by R 4 in the compound ( ⁇ ) represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) Is (5) a 5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic ring group containing one or two heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S having no substituents, or (26) A 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, 0 and S.
- heteroaromatic ring group of (5) a “5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, ⁇ , and S having no substituent”
- examples of the heteroaromatic ring group of (5) a “5- to 6-membered heteroaromatic group containing 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from N, ⁇ , and S having no substituent” include, for example, furyl Group, chenyl group, pyrrolyl group, 2H-pyrrolyl group, oxazolyl group, isooxazolyl group, thiazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, imidazolyl group, pyrazolyl group, viranyl group, pyridyl group, pyridazyl group, pyrimidyl group or birazinyl group And the like.
- Examples of the substituent of the “5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic group having a substituent” in (26) include a nitro group; a cyano group; a benzyloxy group;
- the number and position of the substituents are not limited.
- Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group of the “unsubstituted C alkoxycarbonyl group” in (27) include a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, an n-propyloxycarbonyl group, and an isopropyloxycarbonyl group. Linear or branched, such as n-butoxycarbonyl group, tert-butoxycarbonyl group, n-pentyloxycarbonyl group, n-hexyloxycarbonyl group And C! Cs alkoxycarbonyl group.
- Examples of the substituent of the “substituted ( ⁇ to ( ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl group)” in (28) include a nitro group; a cyano group; a benzyloxy group; a linear or branched C! C an alkoxycarbonyl group having an alkyl group portion of s; the same or different, a straight-chain or branched trialkylsilyloxy group having a C i Cs alkyl group portion; a halogen atom; the alkoxy group of C i to C 6, etc. can ani gel. Note that the number and position of the substituent is not limited.
- R 4 examples include a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, and a n-butyl group.
- the compound (II) a compound comprising a combination of substituents described as R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 can be mentioned.
- Specific examples of the compound (m) include the following compounds.
- the Lewis acid catalyst used in the present invention is, specifically, an organic gold of a group 2 (na group) to a group 14 (IVa) element (excluding carbon) of the following periodic table.
- a genus compound, a halide, trifluoromethanesulfonate, a halide of a lanthanoid element, and trifluoromethanesulfonate can be used. Specifically, the following equation (IV):
- R 5 represents an alkyl group of C to ( 1 () , an aryl group of C 6 to C 20 ;
- X represents a halogen atom;
- M represents A and represents B, Sn, T i;
- n represents a number of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 respectively, provided that m + n is 2, 3 or 4;
- the aryl group represented by R 5 in the compound (IV) represented by the general formula (IV) has the same meaning as the aryl group described in “(23) and (24)”.
- X in the compound (IV) represented by the general formula (IV) represents, for example, a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and a palladium atom.
- M represents A then B, 511 or 1 ⁇ .
- m and n indicate the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, respectively. However, m + n is 2, 3 or 4.
- the compound (IV) represented by the general formula (IV) include, for example, trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tripropylaluminum, Trialkylaluminum such as triisopropylaluminum, trin-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, trisec-butylaluminum, tritert-butylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, trihexylaluminum, trioctylaluminum, tridecylaluminum; Dialkylaluminum hydrides, such as chilled aluminum chloride, getylaluminum chloride, getylaluminum amide, diisobutylaluminum chloride; dialkylaluminum hydrides, such as getylaluminum hydride and diisobutylaluminum hydride ; Methyl aluminum dichloride, ethyl aluminum dichloride, isobutyl aluminum dichloride Aluminum dihalides
- R 6 represents an alkyl group of C 1, to (: 10 , an aryl group of C 6 to C 20 ;
- X represents a halogen atom;
- M represents A and represents B, Sn, T i;
- n ' represent the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, respectively, provided that m, + n, is 3 or 4,
- X in the compound (V) represented by the general formula (V) represents, for example, a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and a pseudo atom.
- M represents A and B, Sn or Ti.
- m 'and n' each represent a number of 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Where m, + ⁇ 'is 3 or 4.
- Specific compounds of the compound (V) represented by the general formula (V) include, for example, trichloromethoxytitanium, trichloromouth ethoxytitanium, trichloromouth isopropoxytitanium, trichloromouth ⁇ -butoxytitanium, tribromoethoxytitanium, tribromoethoxy Alkoxytitanium trihalides such as isobutoxytitanium; dialkoxytitanium dihalides such as dichlorodimethoxytitanium, dichloroethoxytitanium, dichlorodi ⁇ -butoxytitanium, dichlorodiisopropoxytitanium and dibromodiethoxytitanium; chlorotrimethoxytitanium, chlorotriethoxytitanium , Chlorotri ⁇ -butoxytitanium, trialkoxy titanium halides such as bromotriethoxytitanium; titanium (IV)
- R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are each independently from C to C.
- X ′ represents a C 6 to C 20 aryl group; X ′ represents a halogen atom or OS ⁇ 2 CF 3 ;
- the aryl group represented by R has the same meaning as the alkyl group represented by (:, to (:!.) And C 6 to (: 20 represented by R 5 .
- X and X represent, for example, a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an oxidized atom, or a —0 S0 2 CF 3 group.
- Specific examples of the compound (VI) represented by the general formula (VI) include, for example, trimethylsilyl chloride, trimethylsilyl bromide, trimethylsilyl chloride, triethylsilyl chloride, triethylsilyl bromide, and triethylsilyl.
- Trialkyls such as chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride, tert-butyldimethylsilylpromide, tertbutyldimethylsilyl chloride, triisopropylsilyl chloride, triisopropylsilyl bromide, and triisopropylsilyl chloride Silyl halide; trialkylsilyl triflate such as trimethylsilyl triflate, triethyl silyl triflate, tert-butyl dimethyl silyl triflate, trisoprovir silyl triflate; triphenyl silyl chloride Triarylsilyl halides, such as triphenylsilyl bromide and triphenylsilyl chloride; triphenylsilyl triflate, etc.
- Tert-butyldiphenylsilyl chloride tert-butyldiphenylsilyl bromide, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl bromide, methyldiphenylsilyl chloride, methyldiphenylsilyl bromide, methyldiphenylsilyl chloride
- alkylarylsilyl triflates such as tert-butyldiphenylsilyl triflate and methyldiphenylsilyl triflate.
- zirconium chloride (IV), zinc chloride ( ⁇ ), zinc bromide ( ⁇ ), iron chloride (m), iron chloride ( ⁇ ), iron bromide (no, iron bromide ( ⁇ ), iron iodide (M), metal halides or triflates such as iron iodide ( ⁇ ), magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, tin triflate ( ⁇ ); lanthanum ( ⁇ ) triflate, lanthanum ( ⁇ ) chloride, praseodymium ( ⁇ ) triflate Neodymium ( ⁇ ) triflate, samarium ( ⁇ ) triflate, samarium ( ⁇ ) eord, samarium (m) chloride, europium (in) triflate, gadolinium ( ⁇ ) triflate, dysprosium (m) triflate, holmium (In) Triflate, erbium ( ⁇ ) Triflate, ytterbium ( ⁇ ) Triflate, lutechiu Ru can be given or
- the 4-alkoxycarbonyl-12-oxazolidinone compound represented by the compound (II) is produced according to the method of the above reaction formula (1).
- the compound () is produced by subjecting a 5-alkoxy-12 (3H) one-year-old xazolone compound represented by the general formula (I) and an aldehyde compound represented by the general formula ( ⁇ ) to a Lewis reaction. It is achieved by reacting in a solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- the amount of the Lewis acid catalyst to be used is usually 0.001 to 5.0 equivalents per 1 mol of the compound (I), and preferably 0.005 to 0.5 equivalents. Percentage.
- the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as it does not directly participate in the reaction.
- examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, benzene, dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, and chlorobenzene.
- Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc., ethers such as dimethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ester, dimethoxetane, tetrahydrafuran, dioxane, dimethyl formamide, Dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, water and the like can be mentioned.
- toluene, xylene, dimethylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetonitrile and propionitrile are used.
- the amount of the solvent used is 100 to 5000 milliliter, preferably 300 to 3000 milliliter, per mole of compound (I).
- the step of synthesizing the compound (m) is preferably performed under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium, and the reaction temperature is preferably ⁇ 100 to 10 ° C. , preferably 180 to 80 ° C.
- the reaction time is a force s that can be appropriately selected depending on the reaction temperature, the concentration of the charged raw material, the type of the charged raw material, and the like, and is usually 1 to 10 hours. )),
- the compound ( ⁇ ) power is 0.8 to 3 times mol, preferably 0.9 to 1.2 times mol.
- a method for obtaining a reaction mixture containing the compound (III) produced in the present invention may be performed by a combination of ordinary washing and separation operations.
- the salt produced is removed by a filtration operation, and the filtrate is removed by dehydration with a pilot, a drying agent, concentration of an organic solvent, or the like, to obtain a crude compound (II).
- it may be purified by a known means such as column chromatography and recrystallization.
- the compound (II) of the present invention can also be obtained by applying the specific production methods described in Examples.
- the yield of the obtained product in the form of cis / trans was 1Z99, and the ratio of the diastereomer in the form of trans was 7030.
- the yield based on 3- (1-phenylethyl) -1-5-methoxy-2 (3H) oxazolone was 98%.
- 3-((R)-1-phenylethyl) 15-methoxy-1 2 (3H) oxazolone ll Omg (0.5 mmo 1) is dissolved in 3 ml of methylene chloride, and the temperature is 78 ° C. After cooling, 53.1 mg (0.5 mmo 1) of benzaldehyde and 0.05 Ml (0.05 mmo 1) of 1.0 M trimethylsilyl triflate in methylene chloride were added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction was performed.
- Oxazolone 110 mg (0.5 mmo 1) was dissolved in 3 ml of methylene chloride, and 78. After cooling to C, 53.1 mg (0.5 mm o 1) of benzaldehyde and 1.05 ml (0.05 mmo 1) of 1.OM—BBr methylene chloride solution were added, and 1 TJP
- the mixture was stirred for an hour to react.
- the cis / trans form of the product was 1/99 and the diastereomer ratio of the trans form was 75/25.
- the yield based on 3-((S) -11-phenylethyl) -5-isopropoxy-12 (3H) oxazolone was 97%.
- the resulting product was found to have a cis / trans form ratio of 7:93, and according to 'H-NMR analysis, the trans form diastereomer ratio was 8614.
- the yield based on 3- (1-phenylethyl) -1-5-methoxy-2 (3 ⁇ ) oxazolone was 84%.
- Example 2 1 Synthesis of 3-((R) -1- (1-naphthyl) ethyl) 1-4-methoxycarbonyl-1-5-phenyl-1-oxazolidinone Under argon atmosphere, dissolve 3 _ ((R)-1- (1-naphthyl) ethyl) 1-5-methoxy-1 2 (3H) oxazolone 1 3 5 mg (0.5 mmo 1) in 3 ml of methylene chloride After cooling to 78 ° C, benzaldehyde 53.1 mg (0.5 mm 0 1) and 1.0 M trimethylsilyl triflate methylene chloride solution 0.05 m1 (0.05 mmo 1) were added. The reaction was performed with stirring for 1 hour.
- the production ratio of 1 s / trans body was 10/90.
- the yield based on 3-diphenylmethyl-15-methoxy-12 (3H) oxazolone was 70%.
- the formation ratio of the product in the trans-isomer was 3Z97, and the diastereomer ratio in the trans-isomer was 9278.
- the yield based on 3- (1- (1-naphthyl) ethyl) -1-5-methoxy-2 (3H) oxazolone was 99%.
- the yield based on 3-((R) -1 -phenylethyl) _4-methyl-5-methoxy-12 (3H) oxazolone was 44%.
- 3-benzyl-1-methyl-5-methoxy2 (3H) Oxazolone II Omg (0.5 mm o 1) was dissolved in 3 m 1 of methylene chloride, cooled to 178 ° C, and then 53.1 mg of benzaldehyde (0.5 mm o 1) and 1. 0 M—trimethylsilyl triflate salt dimethylene solution (0.05 ml) (0.05 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour to react.
- 3-diphenylmethyl-1-methoxy-2- (3H) oxazolone 14 1 mg (0.5 mmo 1) was dissolved in methylene chloride 2 ml and cooled to 78 ° C.
- 0.5 ml of 0.5 M methyl glyoxylate methylene chloride solution (44 mg (0.5 mm o 1) as methyl glyoxylate) and 1.0 M trimethylsilyl triflate methylene chloride solution 0.05 ml (0. 05 mm 01) stirred for 1 hour to react. Further, the temperature was raised to room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for 15 hours.
- 3-diphenylmethyl-5-methoxy-2- (3H) oxa Zolone 14 mg (0.5 mm o 1) was dissolved in 2 ml of methylene chloride salt, cooled to 1 78 ° C, and then 0.5 ml of methylene chloride solution of methylene glyoxylate 1 ml (44 ml) mg (0.5 mmo 1)) and 1.0 M—BF 3 'Et 20 methylene chloride solution 0.05 m 1 (0.05 mmo 1) were added, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours to carry out a reaction.
- Example 41 1 Synthesis of 3-diphenylmethyl-14-methoxycarbonyl-15- (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) -12-oxazolidinone
- Example 4 2 Synthesis of 3-((R) -1-(1-naphthyl) ethyl) 1-4-methoxypropanol-5- (3,4 dimethoxyphenyl) 1-2-oxazolidinone 3- (( R) — 1— (1—naphthyl) ethyl) 1—5—Methoxy 2 (3 H) oxazolone 0.135 g (0.5 mm 0 1) and 3,4—dimethoxybenzaldehyde 0.03 g (0.5 mmo 1) was dissolved in 3 ml of methylene chloride and cooled to ⁇ 78 ° C. in an atmosphere of argon, and a solution of trimethylsilyl triflate in 0.1 N—methylene chloride 0.5 ml (0.5 ml) was added. 5mmo1) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes to react.
- the resulting product had a cis / trans form ratio of 2Z98, and according to ' ⁇ ⁇ -NMR analysis, the diastereomer ratio of the trans form was 86/14.
- the yield based on 3-((R) -111- (1-naphthyl) ethyl) -1-5-methoxy-2- (3H) oxazolone was 86%.
- Example 50 Synthesis of 3-((R) -1- (1-naphthyl) ethyl) 1-4-methoxycarbonyl- 5- (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) 1-2-oxazolidinone
- Example 52 3-((S) -1-Phenylethyl) 1-141 (ii) -menthoxycarbonyl) 1-5- (3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl) 1-2 —Synthesis of lyxazolidinone
- 3-phenyl-1- 4-methyl-5-methoxy-2- (3H) oxazolone 102.6 mg (0.5 mmo 1) was dissolved in methylene chloride (3 ml) and cooled to -78 ° C. Thereafter, 53.1 mg (0.5 mmo 1) of benzaldehyde and 0.5 ml (0.05 mmo 1) of a 0.1 M solution of trimethylsilyl triflate salt in dimethylene were added, and the mixture was reacted for 1.0 hour. After the temperature was raised to room temperature, 15 ml of an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added, and the mixture was extracted with 15 ml of methylene chloride.
- the formation ratio of the cis / trans form was determined by ' ⁇ -NMR.
- the is form: trans form 29: 71, and each was a single diastereomer.
- the yield based on 3-benzyl-1-5-((1S, 2S, 5R) _5-methyl-2- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) cyclohexyloxy) 1-2 (3H) -oxazolone is 98.2% Met.
- 3-Diphenylmethyl-5 _ ((1S, 2S, 5R) —5-Methyl-1- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) cyclohexyloxy) 1-2 (3H) oxoxazolone (0.24 g 0.5 mm 01) and Benzaldehyde (0.053 g; 0.5 mmo 1) were dissolved in 4 ml of methylene chloride, cooled to 178 ° C, and 15 mg of triisopropyl-pyrsilyl triflate was added. In addition, the mixture was reacted by stirring at ⁇ 78 ° C. for 3 hours.
- Example 5 7 3-diphenylmethyl-1-41 ((1S, 2S, 5R) —5-methyl—2— (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) cyclohexyloxycarbonyl) -5- (2— Synthesis of phenyl-2-ethyl-2-oxazolidinone
- 3-diphenylmethyl _ 5— ((1 S, 2 S, 5 R) — 5-methyl-1- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) cyclohexyloxy) 1-2 (3 H) -oxoxazolone (0.24 g; 0.5 mm 01) and hydrocinnamaldehyde (0.067 g; 0.5 mmo 1) were dissolved in 4 m 1 of methylene chloride, cooled to 78 ° C, and BF 3 After adding 210 mg, the mixture was stirred and reacted at 178 ° C for 2 hours.
- reaction solution was charged with 15 ml of a saturated aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, and further extracted with 20 ml of Shiridani methylene.
- the organic layer is washed with a saturated saline solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure, and 3-diphenylmethyl-1-((1S, 2S, 5R) —5-methyl-2- (1-methyl-1 0.27 g of (1-phenylethyl) cyclohexyloxycarbonyl) -15-isopropyl-12-oxosazolidinone was obtained as white crystals.
- a 4-alkoxycarbonyl-12-oxazolidinone compound by reacting a 5-alkoxy-12 (3H) one-year-old xazolone compound with an aldehyde compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. It can. 4- ⁇ Rukokishikarubo two Lu 2 Okisazorijinon compound obtained is used as active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates and raw materials beta - hydroxy one alpha - useful as a raw material for amino acid compounds.
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Description
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/480,558 US6414160B1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-05-14 | Process for producing 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxazolidinone compound |
| EP98919595A EP1000937A4 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-05-14 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING 4-ALKOXYCARBONYL-2-OXAZOLIDINONE COMPOUNDS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9/185150 | 1997-07-10 | ||
| JP18515097 | 1997-07-10 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999002508A1 true WO1999002508A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1998/002129 Ceased WO1999002508A1 (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1998-05-14 | Process for producing 4-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxazolidinone compounds |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6414160B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1000937A4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1999002508A1 (ja) |
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| JP2002155086A (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-28 | Ube Ind Ltd | 7a−アルコキシ−4H−ピラノ[3,2−d]−オキサゾール−2(3H)−オン類、及びその製造法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4186129A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1980-01-29 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | 5-(Substituted phenyl)-oxazolidinones and their sulfur analogs |
| JPS6034955A (ja) * | 1983-08-05 | 1985-02-22 | Showa Denko Kk | 2−オキソオキサゾリジン−4−カルボン酸類の製造法 |
| JPH01228946A (ja) * | 1988-03-09 | 1989-09-12 | Suntory Ltd | β−ヒドロキシフェネチルアミン類の合成法 |
| US5384412A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1995-01-24 | The Scripps Research Institute | Saccharide intermediates in the formation of the calicheamicin and esperamicin oligosaccharides |
| WO1998022449A1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-28 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | 5-alkoxy-2(3h)-oxazolone compounds and process for the preparation thereof |
-
1998
- 1998-05-14 US US09/480,558 patent/US6414160B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-14 WO PCT/JP1998/002129 patent/WO1999002508A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-05-14 EP EP98919595A patent/EP1000937A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4186129A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1980-01-29 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | 5-(Substituted phenyl)-oxazolidinones and their sulfur analogs |
| JPS6034955A (ja) * | 1983-08-05 | 1985-02-22 | Showa Denko Kk | 2−オキソオキサゾリジン−4−カルボン酸類の製造法 |
| JPH01228946A (ja) * | 1988-03-09 | 1989-09-12 | Suntory Ltd | β−ヒドロキシフェネチルアミン類の合成法 |
| US5384412A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1995-01-24 | The Scripps Research Institute | Saccharide intermediates in the formation of the calicheamicin and esperamicin oligosaccharides |
| WO1998022449A1 (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-28 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | 5-alkoxy-2(3h)-oxazolone compounds and process for the preparation thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1000937A4 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1000937A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
| US6414160B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
| EP1000937A4 (en) | 2003-02-05 |
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