WO1999009657A2 - Systeme de telecommunications dynamiques sans fil - Google Patents

Systeme de telecommunications dynamiques sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999009657A2
WO1999009657A2 PCT/IL1998/000384 IL9800384W WO9909657A2 WO 1999009657 A2 WO1999009657 A2 WO 1999009657A2 IL 9800384 W IL9800384 W IL 9800384W WO 9909657 A2 WO9909657 A2 WO 9909657A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
user
coupled
data
mac
commutator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IL1998/000384
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English (en)
Other versions
WO1999009657A3 (fr
Inventor
Doren Koren
Sergey Toujikov
Lior Nabat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TELESCICOM Ltd
Original Assignee
TELESCICOM Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TELESCICOM Ltd filed Critical TELESCICOM Ltd
Priority to AU87463/98A priority Critical patent/AU8746398A/en
Publication of WO1999009657A2 publication Critical patent/WO1999009657A2/fr
Publication of WO1999009657A3 publication Critical patent/WO1999009657A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/10—Access point devices adapted for operation in multiple networks, e.g. multi-mode access points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H04W28/14—Flow control between communication endpoints using intermediate storage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/14—WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; RLL [Radio Local Loop]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wireless access systems, including wireless local loop systems in general and, in particular, to an add-on system for permitting data transmission and substantially increasing communication efficiency in wireless access systems.
  • Wireless local loop communication systems are well known in the art.
  • data are transmitted by a wireless transmitter from a central switching office via one or more base stations and received by a receiver at the home of each of a plurality of users.
  • Recent innovations in wired communication technology have led to tremendous increases in the rate of transfer of information over competitive wired systems.
  • these systems are all limited by the fact that the data must travel over wires, and by the fact that transmission and reception are symmetrical. In other words, even if there is no data to transmit, since each time slot or code is reserved for a particular uplink or downlink communication, empty bits (null bits) are transmitted in both directions.
  • a wireless access system particularly useful as a wireless local loop system including a plurality of user stations, and at least one base station coupled by RF transceiving apparatus to each of the user stations, the base station including a commutator including a base MAC (medium access controller) , a HUB or other User WAN/LAN interface, and a plurality of remote bridges or other interface converter coupled between the User WAN/LAN interface and the commutator.
  • a base MAC medium access controller
  • This wireless access system permits the transmission of data, in addition to telephony transmission, and dramatically increases the data rate of transmission by reducing the number of empty bits, but it is still limited by the fact that the commutator acts as a conventional commutator, having time slots of fixed predefined length for data transmission. Furthermore, the resource allocation between uplink and downlink communications is fixed, regardless of the traffic load in each direction, as in conventional wireless access systems.
  • Such dynamic resource allocation would permit the allocation of transmission resources in accordance with the load to and/or from each user station, and between uplink and downlink transmissions, without being restricted to predefined time slots.
  • a wireless access system including a plurality of user stations, and at least one base station coupled by RF transceiving apparatus to each of the user stations, the system including a plurality of interface converters in the base station, each associated with at least one of the user stations, a dynamic commutator coupled between the base station and the user stations, a smart buffer (SFIFO) coupled between each interface converter and the commutator, a user interface converter in each user station, and a SFIFO coupled between each user interface converter and the commutator.
  • SFIFO smart buffer
  • the base station includes a commutator including a base MAC (medium access controller) , a User WAN/LAN interface, and a plurality of interface converters coupled between the User WAN/LAN interface and the commutator, a radio transmitter and a radio receiver, wherein a smart buffer (SFIFO) is coupled between each interface covnerter and the commutator.
  • a base MAC medium access controller
  • a User WAN/LAN interface a User WAN/LAN interface
  • a plurality of interface converters coupled between the User WAN/LAN interface and the commutator
  • a radio transmitter and a radio receiver wherein a smart buffer (SFIFO) is coupled between each interface covnerter and the commutator.
  • SFIFO smart buffer
  • the wireless access system includes a wireless local loop system
  • the interface converters include remote bridges.
  • the commutator includes a MAC register, MAC logic coupled to the MAC register, a spooling state machine, a transmit state machine controllingly coupled to a RF module, and a transmit buffer coupled to the RF module.
  • each user station includes a User WAN/LAN interface, a user MAC, an interface converter coupling the user MAC to the computer and to the base MAC, a radio transmitter, a smart buffer (SFIFO) coupled between the interface converter and the transmitter, a radio receiver, and a data filter coupled between the receiver and the interface converter.
  • a User WAN/LAN interface a user MAC
  • an interface converter coupling the user MAC to the computer and to the base MAC
  • a radio transmitter a smart buffer (SFIFO) coupled between the interface converter and the transmitter
  • a radio receiver coupled between the receiver and the interface converter
  • a statistical multiplexer for use in wireless access systems including a commutator including a base MAC; a User WAN/LAN interface; a plurality of interface converters coupled between the User WAN/LAN interface and the commutator; and a smart buffer (SFIFO) coupled between each interface converter and the commutator.
  • the commutator includes a MAC register, MAC logic coupled to the MAC register, a spooling state machine, a transmit state machine controllingly coupled to a RF module, and a transmit buffer coupled to the RF module.
  • a method for wireless downlink communication over a wireless access system including at least one base station and a plurality of user stations, the method including the steps of at least partially filling a smart buffer with data packets to be transmitted from a source through interface converters in the base station to a user station; providing a signal from a commutator in the base station to each of a plurality of smart buffers in the base station to determine if it is empty and, if not, what is the load to be transmitted; registering the loads in each of the smart buffers which are not empty; calculating the percentage of resources to be allocated to each smart buffer as a function of the load in each buffer; causing each of the smart buffers to transmit data packets in accordance with the calculated allocation of resources to receivers in the user stations; and repeating the steps of providing through transmitting after a predetermined period of time.
  • the method further includes the steps of receiving the data packet in each user station; filtering address and destination information in the data packet in each user station to determine to which user station it is addressed; transferring the data packet to a smart buffer in the appropriate user station, while rejecting the data in all the other user stations.
  • a method for wireless uplink communication over a wireless access system including at least one base station and a plurality of user stations, the method including the steps of providing a signal from a smart buffer in each user station to a user MAC in that station indicating when it has a data packet to transmit to the base station and the data load; providing a signal from the user MAC to a base MAC in the base station indicating that it has a defined data load to transmit; registering the data loads in each user station; calculating the percentage of resources to be allocated to each user station as a function of the load in each station; causing each of the smart buffers in each user to transmit its data packets in accordance with the calculated allocation of resources to a receiver in the base station; and repeating the steps of providing through transmitting after a predetermined period of time.
  • the method further includes the steps of receiving the data packet in the base station; filtering address and destination information in the data packet in the base station to determine to which interface converter coupled to the base station it is addressed; and transferring the data packet to the smart buffer associated with the appropriate interface converter.
  • a method for dynamically allocating resources in real time between multiple sources of data packets in a wireless access system including the steps of inputting to a commutator an indication of data load from each of a plurality of sources, calculating in the commutator the percentage resources allocation for each source based on the data load in that source divided by the total data load for all sources, and allocating transmission resources in accordance with the calculated resources allocation.
  • a "source” refers to any interface converter in the base station or a user station which has data packets to transmit .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a wireless access system constructed and operative in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic electric circuit diagram of a commutator for the system of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a wireless local loop system constructed and operative in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of the system of the present invention in a downlink communication
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the operation of a user station of the present invention in an uplink communication
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart of the operation of a base station of the present invention in an uplink communication.
  • the present invention relates to wireless access systems having a significantly increased data rate.
  • the system is based on inserting a novel statistical multiplexer into a wireless access system, thereby permitting dynamic resource allocation in real time resulting in traffic flow according to the available data load, without transmitting partially or completely empty bits.
  • the statistical multiplexer includes a dynamic commutator, an array of interface converters coupled between the commutator and a User WAN/LAN interface of the wireless access base station, and a smart buffer (herein referred to as a Smart FIFO or SFIFO) disposed between each interface converter and the dynamic commutator.
  • the SFIFO is characterized in that it is capable of providing a signal to the base MAC of the quantity of data in the buffer at any given time, unlike conventional buffers, which can indicate only when they are full, half-full, or empty. This precise indication of load is utilized by the dynamic commutator to calculate the resource allocation between the various users based on the load to and/or from each station so as to transfer resources from those remote bridges having little or no load to those having large loads.
  • the device of the invention also permits dynamic resource allocation between uplink and downlink communications, which is not possible with conventional systems. It is a particular feature of the invention that the resource allocation is dynamic, and is carried out in real time so as to substantially continuously update the resource allocation as a function of the changing loads in the various smart buffers.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown a schematic illustration of a wireless access system constructed and operative in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system includes a wireless access base station 60 including a plurality of User WAN/LAN interfaces 62 for receiving communications from a communication system (not shown) .
  • An interface converter 66 is coupled to each User WAN/LAN interface 62 for interfacing between the communication system and a plurality of users.
  • a smart buffer 70 is coupled to each interface converter 66, for receiving therefrom data to be transmitted via the base station to an associated user station, and for transmitting thereto data received from the user station.
  • User WAN/LAN interfaces 62 can be any conventional User WAN/LAN interfaces, depending upon the particular external communication system.
  • Interface converters 66 can be any conventional interface converters, which serve to convert the form of the data received from the external communication system to a form which can be understood by the smart buffers.
  • Smart buffer 70 is a buffer including a data input, data output, a memory, a load meter, and control logic, so as to enable it to provide an output signal corresponding to the traffic load at any load level from empty to full. It will be appreciated that the input data rate is not necessarily the same as the output data rate.
  • a cumulative traffic load meter 68 is also provided associated with each SFIFO 70 to record the traffic load of each interface converter (and, thus, of each user station) over time.
  • Each SFIFO 70 is coupled to a commutator 72.
  • Commutator 72 is coupled to a radio transmitter 74, and to a radio receiver 76.
  • Commutator 72 includes a Medium Access Controller (base MAC) 80 which coordinates the transmissions throughout the system and which allocates transmission resources.
  • Base MAC Medium Access Controller
  • Commutator 72 is a device including a number of inputs/outputs at one side, and at least one output/input at the other side. In other words, the commutator is bi-directional, depending on the direction of data flow. For example, when data is sent from the base station to a user station, the commutator includes many inputs and at least one output. However, if data is flowing from a user station to the base station, the commutator functions with at least one input and a plurality of outputs.
  • the commutator 72 provides switching between the inputs and outputs according to a predefined switching pattern, which can be set by the base MAC, a user defined pattern, or any other conventional switching pattern. For example, the commutator can poll the inputs, one after another. Alternatively, it can perform statistical polling according to statistics input to the base MAC, or the commutator can operate according to any other pre-selected switching pattern.
  • the system further includes a plurality of user stations. Each user station includes a User WAN/LAN interface 46, belonging to individual users or applications.
  • Each User WAN/LAN interface 46 includes a user MAC 47 and is coupled to interface converters 48, which can be a remote bridge, and which, in turn, is coupled to a smart buffer 50, similar to the SFIFO 's in the base station.
  • Each SFIFO 50 is coupled to a radio receiver 52 through a data filter 53, and to a radio transmitter 54.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown a schematic electric circuit diagram of a dynamic commutator 22' for the system of the present invention.
  • Commutator 22' is coupled to each SFIFO 20' by a data bus 31 and a control line 32.
  • Bus 31 is coupled to a transmitter buffer 34 for transfer of data, and to a MAC register 36 and MAC logic 38 for indicating the data load in each SFIFO.
  • Transmitter buffer 34 is coupled, in turn, to an RF module 40, for transmitting outgoing data over transmitter 24.
  • Commutator 22' further includes a spooling state machine 42 coupled to control line 32 to check each SFIFO 20' to determine the data load in each, which it sends to MAC register 36.
  • MAC logic 38 computes the resource allocation in accordance with an algorithm described in detail hereinbelow, and orders each SFIFO 20' to fill transmit buffer 34 in accordance with the calculated resources allocation.
  • Commutator 22' also includes a transmit state machine 44 coupled to MAC logic 38, to the transmitter buffer 34, and to RF module 40.
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • a wireless local loop base station 10 including a HUB 12, or any other device with an interface to Ethernet, such as a Router, LAN switch, Switched HUB, bridge, etc., for receiving communications from a communications system (not shown).
  • a plurality of remote bridges 16 are coupled to HUB 12 for interfacing between the communications system and a plurality of users.
  • HUB 12 can be any conventional HUB, such as the Unmanaged HUB Model DFE- 812TX+, manufactured by D-Link Corporation, CA, USA.
  • Remote bridges 16 can be any conventional remote bridges, such as Remote Bridge Model Dl-1140, of D-Link Corporation.
  • a smart buffer 20 (hereinafter "SFIFO"), as described above, is coupled to each remote bridge 16, for receiving therefrom data to be transmitted via the base station to an associated user station, and for transmitting thereto data received from the user station.
  • a cumulative traffic load meter 18 is also provided associated with each SFIFO 20 to record the traffic load of each remote bridge (and, thus, of each user station) over time.
  • Each SFIFO 20 is coupled to a commutator 22, as described above.
  • Commutator 22, in turn, is coupled to a radio transmitter 24, and to a radio receiver 26.
  • Commutator 22 includes a Medium Access Controller (base MAC) 30 which coordinates the transmissions throughout the system and which allocates transmission resources.
  • Base MAC Medium Access Controller
  • Operation of the system of the present invention for downlink communication is as follows. Data is received from a communications system destined for several user stations 46. The data is received at several interface converters 66 and stored in the associated SFIFO' s 20'.
  • Spooling state machine 42 of commutator 22' checks each SFIFO to determine the data load in each and sends a signal corresponding thereto to the MAC register 36. When all the signals have entered MAC register 36, MAC logic 38 calculates the downlink user resources allocation (U n ) for each SFIFO (and, thus, for each ci) in accordance with the following algorithm: data in SFIFOn
  • n is the number of each particular user in turn.
  • the basic resource allocation (%) for each user is the data load in that user's SFIFO divided by the sum of downlink data loads in all the SFIFO' s.
  • spooling machine 42 orders each SFIFO, in order, to transfer its permitted data packets to transmitter buffer 34. When the transmitter is available, the transmitter buffer transmits the data packets in transmitter buffer 34.
  • spooling state machine 42 When transmitter buffer 34 is empty, spooling state machine 42 again determines the load in each SFIFO, again calculates the resources allocation for each SFIFO (which is now different than it was during the previous calculation) , and data packets are transferred to transmitter buffer 34 in accordance with the newly calculated resources allocation.
  • the algorithm for calculating the resources allocation can be altered so as to take into account minimum guaranteed data rate for certain users, as well as other special conditions.
  • Operation of the system for uplink communication is as follows. Data is received from several user stations 46 destined for the communications system. The data is received at the User WAN/LAN interface 46 in each user station, passed through interface converter 48, and stored in the associated SFIFO' s 50. Each SFIFO sends a signal to the user MAC 47 of its user station indicating that it has data to transmit and the size of the load. User MAC 47 transmits this information to spooling state machine 42 of commutator 22' in the base MAC. All communications between the user MACs and the base MAC are conducted over a communication channel, via frequency, code, or time slot.
  • Spooling state machine 42 sends a signal corresponding to the data load in each user SFIFO to the MAC register 36.
  • MAC logic 38 calculates the uplink user resources allocation (U n ) for the uplink communication for each SFIFO (and, thus, for each interface converter) in accordance with the following algorithm (essentially the same algorithm set forth above for downlink communications) .
  • n is the number of each particular user in turn.
  • the basic uplink resource allocation (%) for each user is the data load in that user's SFIFO divided by the sum of uplink data loads in all the SFIFO' s.
  • MAC logic 38 orders transmit state machine 44 to order each SFIFO, in order, to transfer its permitted data packets to transmitter buffer 34, in accordance with the percentage resource allocation for each user.
  • spooling state machine 42 again determines the load in each user SFIFO, again calculates the resources allocation for each SFIFO
  • the resources allocation described herein can be utilized for downlink communications alone, for uplink communications alone, or for a combination of all communications, both uplink and downlink. In the latter case, unlike conventional resources allocation, wherein resources are allocated in a fixed manner between uplink and downlink communication channels or time slots, the present invention permits the utilization of resources as needed, in either direction.
  • a user can be allocated more resources than the base station, when needed.
  • Each user's resources allocation for uplink or downlink communication can then be calculated accordingly as a percentage of the total uplink or downlink resources allocation.
  • U n is as follows:
  • FIG. 4 A flow chart of the operation of the commutator in a downlink communication from the base station to a user station is set forth in Fig. 4.
  • N is the total number of users (SFIFO' s)
  • n is the specific SFIFO.
  • Commutator 22' starts with the first smart buffer (SFIFO]_) and looks to see if it is empty. If yes, the commutator looks at the second smart buffer (SFIFO2) to see if it is empty. If yes, it continues to look at each SFIFO, in turn, until it looks at the last SFIFO n , at which point it starts again at SFIFO! #
  • MAC logic 38 calculates the percentage of resource allocation for each SFIFO, according to the appropriate algorithm.
  • the commutator then sends a signal to each SFIFO, in accordance with the calculated resources allocation, to transfer its data packets to the transmitter buffer.
  • the data packets in transmitter buffer are transmitted when downlink resources are available, in accordance with a transmit signal received from RF module 40. It is a particular feature of the present invention that if an interface converter is empty, when commutator 22' allocates resources, the empty interface converter will not be allocated any resources.
  • commutator 22' will skip over the empty interface converter until it is no longer empty. Furthermore, if a SFIFO has only a few data packets (i.e., is not half full or completely full), it is allocated resources according to the number of data packets it has. In this way, transmissions of empty data frames are practically eliminated.
  • the transmitted signals are received at the user stations by receivers 52 through data filters 53, which filter out those signals which are not addressed to the particular user, and transmits those signals which are addressed to computer 46' via SFIFO 50' to computer 46'. It will be appreciated that each user 46 sees a greatly increased data rate, since virtually no empty bits are transmitted between the base station and user stations.
  • a computer 46 wishes to send a data packet to the base station, it transfers the data packet to SFIFO 50 via interface converters 48, together with packet identification data.
  • User MAC 47 indicates to base MAC 30' that its SFIFO is not empty, and asks base MAC 18 for allocation of resources.
  • the data load in SFIFO 50 is entered into MAC register 36.
  • MAC logic 38 calculates the resources allocation percentage for each user SFIFO which has data packets to transmit.
  • Commutator 22' indicates to each SFIFO which has a data packet to transmit, in accordance with the calculated resources allocation, to transmit its data packet.
  • the data packet is transferred from SFIFO 50 to receiver 26, and the data packet is stored in transmitter buffer 34 of commutator 22'. According to the destination address on each data packet, the commutator transmits the data packet to the appropriate SFIFO.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention se rapporte à un système d'accès sans fil, qui comprend plusieurs stations d'utilisateur et au moins une station de base couplée par un émetteur/récepteur RF à chacune de stations d'utilisateur, ainsi que plusieurs convertisseurs d'interface installés dans la station de base et associés chacun à l'une des stations d'utilisateur, un commutateur dynamique qui permet de commuter entre plusieurs entrées/sorties d'un côté et au moins une sortie/entrée de l'autre côté et qui est couplé entre la station de base et la station d'utilisateur, une mémoire tampon intelligente (SFIFO) couplée entre chaque convertisseur d'interface et le commutateur, un convertisseur d'interface d'utilisateur installé dans chaque station d'utilisateur, et une mémoire SFIFO, couplée entre chaque convertisseur d'interface d'utilisateur et le commutateur.
PCT/IL1998/000384 1997-08-14 1998-08-13 Systeme de telecommunications dynamiques sans fil Ceased WO1999009657A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU87463/98A AU8746398A (en) 1997-08-14 1998-08-13 Dynamic wireless telecommunications system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL12154997A IL121549A (en) 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Dynamic wireless telecommunications system
IL121549 1997-08-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999009657A2 true WO1999009657A2 (fr) 1999-02-25
WO1999009657A3 WO1999009657A3 (fr) 1999-08-26

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IL (1) IL121549A (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009657A2 (fr)

Cited By (4)

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WO2000001190A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Procede et appareil permettant de gerer le transfert de donnees entre deux stations
WO2001093044A3 (fr) * 2000-05-29 2002-08-08 Honeywell Ag Systeme de transmission de donnees
EP1361711A1 (fr) * 2002-05-03 2003-11-12 Nokia Corporation Procédé et dispositif de traitement de données
EP1568142A4 (fr) * 2002-11-15 2010-06-02 Vanu Inc Systeme de communication

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CA1290020C (fr) * 1987-02-09 1991-10-01 Steven Messenger Reseau local sans fil
US5377327A (en) * 1988-04-22 1994-12-27 Digital Equipment Corporation Congestion avoidance scheme for computer networks
US5014265A (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-05-07 At&T Bell Laboratories Method and apparatus for congestion control in a data network
JPH06261043A (ja) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-16 Hitachi Ltd 無線ｌａｎシステム及びその制御方法
US5734825A (en) * 1994-07-18 1998-03-31 Digital Equipment Corporation Traffic control system having distributed rate calculation and link by link flow control
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000001190A1 (fr) * 1998-06-26 2000-01-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Procede et appareil permettant de gerer le transfert de donnees entre deux stations
US6751193B1 (en) 1998-06-26 2004-06-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for controlling data transfer between two stations
WO2001093044A3 (fr) * 2000-05-29 2002-08-08 Honeywell Ag Systeme de transmission de donnees
EP1361711A1 (fr) * 2002-05-03 2003-11-12 Nokia Corporation Procédé et dispositif de traitement de données
WO2003094445A1 (fr) * 2002-05-03 2003-11-13 Nokia Corporation Procede et circuits de traitement de donnees
US8223769B2 (en) 2002-05-03 2012-07-17 Nokia Siemens Networks Oy Method and circuitry for processing data
EP1568142A4 (fr) * 2002-11-15 2010-06-02 Vanu Inc Systeme de communication

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AU8746398A (en) 1999-03-08
IL121549A (en) 2000-09-28
WO1999009657A3 (fr) 1999-08-26
IL121549A0 (en) 1998-02-08

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