WO1999012068A1 - Transmission illuminator for microscopes - Google Patents
Transmission illuminator for microscopes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999012068A1 WO1999012068A1 PCT/JP1998/003853 JP9803853W WO9912068A1 WO 1999012068 A1 WO1999012068 A1 WO 1999012068A1 JP 9803853 W JP9803853 W JP 9803853W WO 9912068 A1 WO9912068 A1 WO 9912068A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical system
- lens
- illumination
- pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
- G02B21/08—Condensers
- G02B21/086—Condensers for transillumination only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transmission illumination device applicable to various microscopes. Background art
- phase contrast observation method a differential interference observation method, a modulation contrast method, an oblique illumination method, and the like have been proposed so that various colorless and transparent phase samples can be visualized and observed.
- a ring slit is arranged at a position ⁇ of the illumination optical system of the microscope, and a phase film conjugated with the ring slit is arranged on the pupil of the imaging optical system at a position conjugate with the ring slit.
- the advantages of this observation method are that the difference in refractive index between structures is small, and even for specimens and granular microstructures of cells, an observation image with high contrast and a clear contrast with detection sensitivity can be obtained. It is.
- the disadvantage of this observation method is that it is difficult to confirm the outline of the structure due to a phenomenon called halo, where the edges of the structure of the specimen appear to glow white.
- the ring slit arranged in the illumination optical system and the phase film arranged on one side of the observation optical system must be projected and matched, and the aberration performance of the pupil from the Linda slit to the phase film surface must be reduced. It needs to be good.
- observation at high magnification is not a problem.
- observation at low magnification or very low magnification cannot correct the pupil aberration performance well.
- the phase contrast observation method is only possible up to a 4x objective lens.
- the differential interference observation method two orthogonal polarized lights generated by a birefringent crystal are illuminated slightly shifted on a sample surface, and these are caused to interfere with each other to observe a minute structure of the sample.
- the advantage of this observation method is that it can perform observation with a very high contrast and a three-dimensional effect.
- the disadvantage of this observation method is that it is expensive due to the use of birefringent products, and because it is an observation using polarized light, it is not accurate if it is made of a substance that affects the polarization state. Observed images cannot be obtained. For example, plus Chick dishes are not suitable for differential interference observation. This is because polarization is disturbed by the birefringence of plastic.
- a slit is arranged at a position ⁇ of an illumination optical system of a microscope, and a light is transmitted to an arbitrary position of an imaging optical system.
- a plurality of different regions are arranged.
- an absorption film having an appropriate transmittance is arranged in a region conjugate to the slit, and one side adjacent to the absorption film is a transmission region, and the other ⁇ is an oblique light region.
- the area through which light passes differs depending on the magnitude of refraction due to the structure in the sample, and the transmittance changes accordingly, so that a three-dimensional image with black and white shading can be obtained.
- the advantage of this observation method is that, with a relatively inexpensive configuration, a three-dimensional image can be obtained by shading the phase object. Further, since there is no halo seen in the phase difference observation method described above, it is easy to observe the outline of the structure, and it is suitable for manipulation of cells and the like. On the other hand, the disadvantages of this observation method are that the detection sensitivity is inferior to that of the phase difference observation method, and that microstructures are difficult to confirm. Moreover, every time the objective lens is replaced, a complicated operation of aligning the slit with the direction of the absorbing film is required. Furthermore, since the slit is projected onto the absorption film of the observation optical system, it is necessary to improve the aberration of the optical system that projects the pupil, as in the phase difference observation method. For this reason, a low-magnification or ultra-low-magnification objective lens cannot satisfactorily correct pupil aberration, making it unsuitable for observation.
- the oblique illumination method there are two types of illumination methods for visualizing the phase specimen: the oblique illumination method and the ⁇ field illumination method.
- FIGS. 1D to 1D are schematic diagrams of a condenser lens in a general oblique illumination method, respectively.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an aperture stop
- reference numerals 2a and 2b denote lenses
- reference numeral 3 denotes a sample.
- the aperture stop 1 restricts the aperture of the illumination, has a variable circular aperture, and moves in a plane perpendicular to the illumination optical axis O to control the angle of illumination with respect to the specimen 3. .
- FIG. 1C shows the state of the pupil when the aperture stop 1 is narrowed down
- FIG. 1D shows the state of the pupil when the aperture stop 1 is moved with the aperture stop 1 opened.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic view of a condenser lens in a general ⁇ field illumination method.
- an aperture 1a having an inner side shielded and a slit opened in an outer orbicular zone is disposed near an aperture stop.
- the aperture la has an area 1b that shields light at the center, and the area lb prevents illumination light from being directly incident on the objective lens and the specimen 3
- dark-field observation becomes possible.
- by selecting the shape of the aperture 1a according to the numerical aperture of the objective lens dark-field observation using various objective lenses becomes possible.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing the transmitted illumination device disclosed in this publication. As shown in Fig. 3A, this device guides the light from the light source 5 to the mirror 18 through the collector lens 6 and the ground glass 7, and places the light beam reflected by the mirror 8 on the sample through the capacitor lens 9. The sample 10 a on the transparent member 10 is illuminated and guided to the objective lens 12. By rotating the mirror 8 and changing the angle, the ratio of the dark part 13 a to the bright part 13 b of the pupil 13 of the left and right objective lenses shown in FIG. 3B can be adjusted. .
- Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 41-58008 discloses a transmission illumination device for a stereomicroscope that can selectively perform oblique illumination and ⁇ field illumination.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining this. As shown in Fig. 4 ⁇ , this device guides the light from the light source 5 to the mirror 8 through the collector lens 6 and the ground glass 7, and the light reflected by the mirror 8 to the condenser. It is configured to irradiate the sample 10a via the lens 9 and guide it to the objective lens 12. Further, a knife edge 15 for cutting a light beam is provided in the vicinity of the ground glass 7 arranged at a position conjugate with the pupil of the objective lens 12.
- oblique illumination and oblique illumination can be selectively performed. it can.
- the above-mentioned phase difference observation method, differential interference observation method, and modulation contrast observation method that can observe a transparent object such as a phase sample require a dedicated observation optical system.
- the aperture stop 1 In the oblique illumination method shown in FIG. 1A described above, if the aperture stop 1 is moved and stopped down as shown in FIG. 1C, the resolution and the brightness of the illumination light become insufficient. When moved as shown in Fig. 1D, it is difficult to adjust the degree of freedom of oblique illumination, that is, the ratio of illumination light that directly enters the objective lens and illumination light that does not. This is because the aperture stop is configured to form a circular aperture.
- the angle of the dark field illumination light changes depending on the width of the annular slit and the position of the aperture position I.
- the pupils of the left and right objective lenses are illuminated only on one side, so that only one type of contrast can be obtained.
- the effect of oblique illumination can be obtained by limiting the aperture of the pupil of the objective lens.
- the slit shape or slit is used. Because of the fixed arrangement, it is not possible to freely adjust the intensity and angle of illumination light freely according to changes in the thickness and refractive index of various specimens. As described above, the conventional microscope illumination device is not sufficient as an illumination method for visualizing a phase sample with good contrast when observing in the low to extremely low magnification region.
- the frosted glass (diffusion plate) must be enlarged in order to enlarge the field of view, and the deflection mirror must also be enlarged. For this reason, the illumination optical system becomes thick, and it is impossible to achieve both a wide field of view and a low sample size.
- Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Sho 4-5-1105 discloses an illuminator capable of performing bright-field illumination and ⁇ -field illumination as shown in FIG.
- the light source 100 is arranged below the objective lens 101 and the sample 102, and in dark-field illumination, the shirt 103 is closed and the direct light entering the sample 102 is closed. And the light from the light source 100 is reflected by the cylindrical mirror 105 so as to be obliquely incident on the sample 102.
- the shutter 103 is opened to allow light from the light source 100 to directly enter the sample.
- the optical path is short, and there is no space for mounting an optical member such as a filter. If an optical member is to be mounted on the optical path, this configuration makes the entire device thicker. In addition, because the optical path is short, it is not possible to uniformly illuminate a wide field of view. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a phase sample that can be contrasted and visualized in a low-magnification to extremely-constant-magnification region without arranging an optical element or the like in the observation optical system, and specify its structure and distribution.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device for a microscope. That is, for samples with various thicknesses and refractive indices, the contrast is continuously changed, It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmissive illumination device that gives optimal illumination to books.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a transmitted illumination device which makes it possible to lower the sample mounting surface, that is, to reduce the height from the bottom surface of the microscope main body to the sample mounting surface. is there.
- Still another object of the present invention is to enable observation of a specimen while changing the bright-field optical system and the dark-field optical system by one, and to reduce the height from the bottom surface of the microscope main body to the specimen mounting surface.
- FIGS. 1A to 1D are schematic diagrams of a condenser lens in a general oblique illumination method, and diagrams showing an aperture shape of a pupil formed by each aperture stop;
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing a condenser lens in a general dark-field illumination method
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a shape of an aperture
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a conventional transmitted illumination device
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an opening shape of a pupil of left and right objective lenses
- FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of another conventional transmitted illumination device
- FIG. 4B is a diagram showing a relationship between a pupil of the left and right objective lenses and a knife edge;
- Figure 5 shows a conventional microscope with a switchable brightfield and darkfield illuminator
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the appearance of a stereomicroscope to which the transmission illumination device of the present invention can be applied;
- FIG. 6A is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the optical system of the stereomicroscope shown in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8B is a diagram schematically illustrating a condenser lens and an objective lens in a bright-field illumination state, and
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating a pupil state at that time;
- FIG. 9A is a diagram schematically showing a light shielding body, a condenser lens, and an objective lens in the optical system shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a pupil state at that time;
- OA is a diagram showing a state where the light shielding body is moved in the configuration shown in FIG. 9A, and FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a state of the pupil at that time;
- FIG. 11A is a diagram showing a state in which the light shielding body is moved in the configuration shown in FIG. 9A
- FIG. 10B is a diagram showing a state of the pupil at that time
- FIGS. 12A to 12D correspond to FIGS. 8B to 11B, respectively, and show the positions of the pupil and the light shield when the optical system shown in FIG. 7 is applied to a stereoscopic microscope.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing an example of a drive mechanism of a light shield provided in the microscope main body
- FIG. 14 is a view showing a second configuration example of a drive mechanism of the light shield;
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing a third configuration example of the light-shielding body driving mechanism, where FIG. 15A is a plan view, and FIG. 15B is a side view;
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams showing a fourth configuration example of the light-shielding body driving mechanism.
- FIG. 16A is a plan view
- FIG. 16B is an XVI B of FIG. 15A. — Sectional view along line XVI B
- FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B are diagrams showing a configuration for partially controlling the light intensity with respect to the aperture formed on the ⁇ of the objective lens.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing an outline of the optical system
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing the relationship between the light shield and ⁇
- FIG. 17C is a diagram showing another configuration example of the light shield;
- FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams each showing another configuration example in which the intensity of light is partially controlled with respect to the aperture formed in the aperture of the objective lens;
- FIGS. 19A and 19B are diagrams illustrating another configuration example for controlling the shape of the aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram schematically illustrating an optical system.
- B is a diagram showing the relationship between the light-shielding body;
- FIGS. 20A and 20B are diagrams showing another configuration example for controlling the shape of the opening formed on the ⁇ of the objective lens.
- FIG. 19 ⁇ is a diagram showing an outline of the optical system.
- B is a diagram showing the relationship between the shading body and the pupil;
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a relationship between a light shield and a pupil in a stereomicroscope, showing a configuration in which the intensity of light is partially controlled with respect to an aperture formed in a pupil of an objective lens;
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the light-shielding body portion in FIG. 21;
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another configuration example in which the intensity of light is partially controlled with respect to an aperture formed in a pupil of an objective lens
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing another configuration example in which light intensity is partially controlled with respect to an aperture formed in a pupil of an objective lens
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another configuration example for controlling the shape of the mouth, and FIG. 25A is a diagram schematically showing an optical system; Figure 25B is a diagram showing the relationship between the shade and the pupil;
- FIGS. 26A and 26B are diagrams illustrating another configuration example for controlling the shape of the opening formed in the pupil of the objective lens in the stereomicroscope
- FIG. 26A is a diagram schematically illustrating the optical system
- Figure 26B is a diagram showing the relationship between the shade and the pupil;
- FIG. 27A to FIG. 27E are diagrams illustrating another configuration example of the light shield, and are diagrams illustrating an example of a positional relationship when two light shields move;
- FIG. 28A and FIG. 28B are diagrams illustrating another configuration example of the light shield, and are diagrams illustrating an example of a positional relationship when two light shields move;
- FIG. 29A to FIG. 29C are diagrams showing another configuration example of the light shield
- FIG. 29 ⁇ is a diagram showing the configuration of one light shield
- FIG. 29B and FIG. Figure showing an example of the positional relationship when two light shields move;
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing another configuration example of the transmitted illumination optical system
- Figure 31 shows a high-magnification core used in the transmission illumination optical system of the present study.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a second configuration of the high-magnification condenser lens
- FIG. 33 shows a low magnification core used in the transmission illumination optical system of the present invention.
- FIGS. 34A and 34B show the configuration of a switchable capacitor lens used in a microscope transmission illumination device, and FIG. 34A shows the configuration of a high-magnification condenser lens. Is a diagram showing the configuration of a condenser lens for low magnification;
- FIGS. 35A and 35B show a second configuration of a replaceable capacitor lens used in a microscope transmission illumination device, and FIG. 35A shows a configuration of a high-magnification condenser lens.
- Fig. 35B is a diagram showing the configuration of a condenser lens for low magnification;
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 36;
- FIG. 38 ⁇ is a diagram showing a third embodiment of the microscope transmission illumination device of the present invention, and is a diagram mainly showing a bright field optical system, and FIG. 38B is a diagram showing the shape of a convex lens;
- FIG. 39A is a cross-sectional view mainly showing a dark-field optical system in the configuration shown in FIG. 38 ⁇ , and FIG. 39B is a view showing a shape of a convex lens;
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an optical system switching mechanism;
- Figure 41 shows the filter insertion and removal mechanism
- FIGS. 42A and 42B are diagrams illustrating the operation and effect of the third embodiment
- FIGS. 43A and 43B are diagrams illustrating a modification of the filter insertion / removal mechanism
- FIG. 44A is a diagram showing a first modified example of the third embodiment, mainly showing a bright-field optical system
- FIG. 44B is a diagram showing the shape of a convex lens
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing an optical system switching mechanism in a first modification
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a filter switching mechanism in a first modified example.
- embodiments of the present invention will be described using a normal microscope as an example.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an optical system of a microscope.
- the optical system includes a transmission illumination optical system that irradiates a sample, and an observation optical system that observes a sample.
- the transmission illumination optical system includes a light source 20 such as a halogen lamp, a collector lens 21 for converting light from the light source 20 into a substantially parallel light beam, and a diffusion plate (ground glass) 2 for diffusing light from the collector lens. 2, a field stop 23 for restricting the light beam from the diffuser plate, a deflection mirror 24 for deflecting the light beam passing through the field stop upward, and a projection lens 25 for projecting a light source image from the deflection mirror.
- a light source 20 such as a halogen lamp
- collector lens 21 for converting light from the light source 20 into a substantially parallel light beam
- a diffusion plate (ground glass) 2 for diffusing light from the collector lens. 2
- a field stop 23 for restricting the light beam from the diffuser plate
- a condenser lens 26 for irradiating the specimen 30 with the light from the projection lens as a substantially parallel light flux.
- the light source image from the projection lens 25 is projected on the pupil position P1 of the transmission illumination optical system which is the front focal position of the condenser lens 26, and illuminates the sample 30.
- the observation optical system is composed of an objective lens 31, an imaging lens 32, and an eyepiece 33, and the focal position of the objective lens 31 which is the pupil position of the observation optical system P2 has a conjugate relationship with the ⁇ position P1, which is the focal position of the condenser lens described above.
- the light transmitted through the specimen 30 passes through the objective lens 31 and the imaging lens 32 and is observed by the eyepiece 33.
- At least two light shields are provided at a position conjugate to the pupil position P 2 of the objective lens 31 (that is, the pupil position P 1) or at a position near the conjugate position.
- 40 a and 40 b are arranged so as to be independently movable. This By moving these light shields 40a and 40b, the shape of the opening formed in the pupil of the objective lens 31 is controlled as described in detail below. That is, by changing the angle of the illumination light that illuminates the sample 30, it is possible to adjust the ratio of the intensity of the illumination light directly incident on the objective lens 31 to the intensity of the diffracted light emitted from the sample 3 °.
- FIGS. 8A, 9A, 10A, 11 ⁇ are diagrams schematically showing the optical system, respectively
- FIGS. 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B are diagrams respectively.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a light-shielding body and a triangle in a microscope.
- the circle indicated by the symbol A indicates the maximum numerical aperture of the condenser lens 26 that can be illuminated
- the circle indicated by the symbol C indicates the objective of the microscope at the pupil position P1 of the condenser lens 26.
- the pupil corresponding to the numerical aperture of the lens 31 is shown.
- the circle indicated by the symbol B indicates the light incident state at the ⁇ position of the objective lens 31 (the shape of the aperture; the black parts are the light shielding bodies 40a, 40a). (part shielded by b).
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show a state in which no light-shielding body is present, which is a so-called bright-field illumination state.
- at least two light-blocking points are provided at the position Pl of the condenser lens 26 or at a position near the position Pl (about several mm in the optical axis direction from the pupil position P1).
- the bodies 40a and 40b are arranged so that they can move independently.
- the aperture stop 41 may be arranged adjacent to the light shield.
- each light shield can be configured to have a rectangular shape, move independently as indicated by an arrow, and shield the above-described ⁇ C. That is, when the light shields 40a and 40b are positioned as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, an aperture shape (illumination state) as shown by the pupil B is obtained.
- the area shielded by the light shield 40a (shown by oblique lines) corresponds to the black area on the left side of the pupil B
- the area shielded by the light shield 40b is the right side of the pupil B Corresponding to the black area.
- FIG. 10B shows a state in which the light shielding body 40b is further moved from the state shown in FIG. 9B to the light shielding body 40a side to narrow the gap between the two.
- the illumination light directly incident on the specimen 30 is the narrow beam on the left side of the pupil B in the figure Only the long, narrow, and area (the slender area on the upper side of the observer when observed with the microscope shown in Fig. 6).
- an effect as oblique illumination can be obtained, and by changing the distance between the light shields 40a and 40b, An effect as a brightness stop can be obtained.
- the ratio of the intensity of the illumination light directly incident on the objective lens to the intensity of the diffracted light emitted from the sample can be continuously adjusted by continuously changing the angle and the amount of the illumination light irradiating the sample 30.
- Optimum observation can be performed according to the specimen.
- Fig. 11B by moving each of the light shields 40a and 40b to shield ⁇ C, the direct light incident on the objective lens is cut, and the scattered light from the specimen is cut. Observation of ⁇ can be used as field illumination. In this case, the amount and angle of illumination of the ⁇ field illumination light can be adjusted by changing the distance and position of the light shields 40a and 40b while shielding ⁇ C.
- FIGS. 12A to 12D correspond to FIGS. 8B, 9B, 10B, and 11B, respectively.
- FIGS. 12A to 12D show the case where the above-described optical system is applied to a stereomicroscope.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a positional relationship with a light shielding body.
- circles denoted by reference numerals C1 and C2 indicate ⁇ corresponding to the apertures of the left and right objective lenses of the stereomicroscope, and denoted by reference numerals B1 and B2.
- the circles indicate the incident state of light at the ⁇ positions of the left and right objective lenses.
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing the entire configuration of the stereo microscope.
- the microscope 200 has a lever 210 for switching light shields (210 b), a filter lever 202, a volume knob 203, and a mirror tilt adjustment provided as necessary.
- Transmission illumination frame 205 having lever 204, lamp house LII, focusing unit F, focusing handle FH, lens barrel K, lens body KB, objective lens container T, eyepiece Has EO.
- the sample S is placed on the surface of the transmission illumination table, and is observed through the two right and left eyepieces EO.
- each of the light shields 40 a and 40 b independently penetrates the wall surface of the housing main body 205 a constituting the transmission illumination stand 205 shown in FIG.
- the two slideable levers 210a and 210b are mounted inside the tips.
- Each of the levers 210a and 210b can be operated independently in the direction of the arrow, and as a result, as shown in FIGS. It can be moved in a direction orthogonal to the direction parallel to the plane including the optical axes of the left and right observation optical systems (the front-back direction with respect to the observer).
- a translation mechanism (not shown) may be provided at the rear end of each of the levers 210a and 210b so that both light shields may be interlocked.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the light shielding body and its driving mechanism.
- Each of the light shields 40a and 40b penetrates the side wall of the housing body 205a independently in an oblique direction, and can slide independently in the direction of the arrow. It is attached inside the tip of 11a, 211b.
- the operation lever that moves each light shield can be attached to an arbitrary position on the side wall of the housing body 205a, and the shape of each light shield can be arbitrarily determined according to the attachment position. (The configuration shown is a pentagon.) Also in this configuration example, a translation mechanism may be provided at the rear end of each of the levers 21a and 21b so that the two light shields may be interlocked.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams showing a third configuration example of the light shielding body and its driving mechanism.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view and
- FIG. 15B is a side view.
- the light shields 40a and 40b have elongated holes 40a1, 40a2 and 4Obi, 40b extending in oblique directions (Y1, Y2 directions), respectively.
- B2 is formed, and elongated holes 40a3, 40b3 extending in the left-right direction are formed.
- the side wall of the housing body 205 a is provided with two levers 2 1 2 a and 2 12 b which can be independently penetrated and can slide. Pins 21a and 21b are formed to engage with the long holes 40a3 and 40b3 formed in the light shielding members 40a and 40b. Further, the bottom surface of the housing body 205a is connected to the long holes 40a1, 40a2 and 40b1, 40b2 formed in the light shields 40a, 40b. Matching links 2 15 a, 2 15 b, 2 15 c, and 2 15 d are provided.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams showing a fourth configuration example of the light shielding body and its driving mechanism.
- FIG. 16B is a plan view and FIG. 16B is a side view.
- This drive mechanism includes a cam mechanism in addition to the link mechanism as described above.
- a cam shaft 220 that is movable in the axial direction and that can be rotated is provided through the side wall of the housing body 205a.
- the cam shaft 220 is provided with cam followers 22 1 a and 22 1 b to which light shields 40 a and 40 b are attached, respectively.
- Each of the cam followers -2 2 1a and 2 2 1b is provided with a rotation fixed shaft 22 2a and 2 2 2b, and one end thereof is provided with a holding portion formed on the housing body 205 a. Engagement with the long hole 225a formed in 225 regulates the rotation of the cam followers 221a and 221b.
- each of the light shields 40a and 40b can be integrally moved in the axial direction.
- the light shields 40a, 4 ⁇ b can be moved closer to and away from each other, and the distance between them can be changed.
- each pupil of the left and right objective lenses in the stereomicroscope can be evenly narrowed in the front-back direction. Since the left and right pupils are evenly squeezed, the left and right images look even, and a stereoscopic effect can be obtained with the left and right parallax, which is a characteristic of the stereo microscope.
- it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the ratio of the direct light and the diffracted light with respect to the sample, and perform observation while continuously changing the contrast. it can. Further, by bringing the light shields 40a and 40b closer to each other, the light is cut directly, and observation as a visual field becomes possible.
- the contrast can be controlled more freely, and by adding oblique light, the contrast can be further enhanced and it can be applied to a wide range of specimens.
- the driving mechanism as described above can be applied to a normal microscope.
- FIG. 178 to FIG. 17C show a configuration in which the intensity of light is partially controlled with respect to the I port formed on the side of the objective lens.
- an optical member for controlling the intensity of light for example, an ND (Neutraldensity) filter 45 is movably disposed near one light shield 40a.
- the filter 45 is movable in the direction of the arrow, and is configured to be movable independently of the movement of the light shield 40a.
- the area where the pupil C is shielded by the respective light shields 40a and 40b is indicated by oblique lines, and the area where light passes through the filter 45 is indicated by grid lines.
- the pupil B regions with different light amounts can be formed in the ⁇ of the objective lens (in ⁇ B, the portion indicated by the symbol D is the aperture, and the grating indicated by the symbol E is The line indicates the region where the light is suppressed by the filter 45 in the opening).
- the angle of the illumination light illuminating the sample is changed, and the illumination light directly incident on the objective lens and the diffraction emitted from the sample are changed. You can finely adjust the proportion of light.
- the filter 45 described above is arranged so as to overlap the light shield 40a, as shown in FIG. 17C, by separately disposing the light shield 40b as well, the illumination can be further improved.
- the degree of freedom can be increased.
- FIG. 18 shows another configuration example in which the intensity of light is partially controlled with respect to the aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens.
- two ND filters 45a and 45b with different dimming ratios are superimposed near one light shield 40a, and can move independently of each other. They are arranged so that they can move independently of 40a and 40b.
- the intensity of light can be adjusted for the same size aperture, increasing the degree of freedom of illumination and visualizing phase specimens, etc., allowing for finer adjustment of contrast. I can do it.
- the filters 45a and 45b having the same configuration may be arranged on the light shield 4Ob side.
- the ND filter is used as a member for adjusting the light intensity.
- the intensity at the opening can be arbitrarily adjusted even by using a polarizing element.
- a rotatable polarizing plate 46a covering the entire area of the pupil ⁇ of the condenser is arranged adjacent to the light shields 40a, 40b and shielded.
- a polarizing plate 46b is arranged near the optical body 40a so as to be movable in the direction of the arrow.
- the condenser lens is configured to include the aperture stop 41 as shown in FIG.
- the condenser lens includes the aperture stop 41, control of the aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens will be described with reference to FIGS. 19A and 19B.
- the aperture stop 41 is configured to stop down the pupil A having the maximum numerical aperture that the condenser lens 26 can illuminate. Therefore, by adjusting the aperture stop 41 together with the light shields 40a and 40b, the light in the regions G and H can be increased as shown in the figure. That is, by narrowing the aperture stop 41, the aperture area of the pupil B of the objective lens can be limited in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the field illumination light can be adjusted without directly entering the objective lens.
- the arrangement of the aperture stop 41 can be applied to all the above-described configuration examples.
- each objective lens can be rotated even if it is configured to rotate and move each light shield around axes 40 p and 40 q extending in the left-right direction. It is possible to effectively control the pupil aperture shape.
- FIGS. 17 to 20 have been described using a stereo microscope as an example, the optical system shown in each drawing is similarly applicable to a stereo microscope.
- the positional relationship between the pupil and the light shield in the stereomicroscope is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 11, and if arbitrarily shown in FIG. 11, they are as shown in FIGS. 21 to 26, respectively.
- FIG. 27 to FIG. 29 are diagrams showing modified examples of the light shielding body. These modifications are applied to a normal microscope.
- one light shield 40c has an L-shape
- the other light shield 40d has a rectangular shape.
- the light shields 40c and 40d having such a shape are configured to be movable back and forth, left and right, and the light shield 40d is further configured to be rotatable in a plane orthogonal to the light beam.
- FIGS. 27 ⁇ to 27 D it is possible to continuously adjust the aperture shape of the pupil of the objective lens, that is, the illumination light directly incident on the objective lens (in each of the drawings).
- the shaded portion of the pupil C is a portion that is shielded by the light shields 40c and 40d). Furthermore, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 28 shows a configuration example in which four square light shields 40 e are arranged at a position conjugate to (or near) the pupil position of the objective lens.
- FIG. 28A and Fig. 28B by moving each light shield in the front-rear and left-right directions, the incident angle of the illumination light is changed from bright field illumination to oblique illumination and further to dark field illumination.
- the degree of freedom of illumination can be increased by configuring each shade 40 e to be rotatable, or by providing a separate aperture stop, and the degree of automation of observation of the phase specimen can be increased. improves.
- FIG. 29 shows that, as shown in FIG. 29 ⁇ , the rectangular light shield 40 f having the 1Z4 circular notch 40 h is conjugated with the pupil position of the objective lens (or That (In the vicinity) is shown.
- the light shield when the light shields are brought into contact with each other, the light shield has a circular opening formed in the center as a whole, and can perform oblique illumination of the circular opening. Further, by moving each light shielding body in the direction of the arrow, for example, as shown in FIG. 29C, various opening shapes can be realized.
- the aperture shape of the pupil of the objective lens can be arbitrarily controlled even if the number of the light shields is two or more, or the shape is not rectangular, and the transparent phase sample can be obtained. Visualization allows continuous adjustment of the contrast.
- the area of ⁇ of the objective lens is D1
- the area of the opening formed in the pupil of the objective lens by the various light-shielding bodies is D2
- each light shield By satisfying condition 1, transparent phase samples can be visualized with good contrast. That is, the ratio of D 1 to D 2 (D 2 ZD 1) is the ratio of the direct light that passes through the sample and directly enters the objective lens, and the diffracted light by the sample, and is a numerical value that indicates the degree of oblique illumination. It is. By satisfying the above conditions, diffracted light from the sample is taken in, and the illumination becomes oblique illumination or dark-field illumination in which the proportion of direct light is suppressed, so that a transparent sample can be visualized with good contrast.
- an illumination optical system including a condenser lens capable of taking a large illumination angle, such as oblique illumination / field illumination, is required. Further, it is important that the phase sample can be visualized at a low magnification, that is, as the illumination range of the condenser lens becomes wider, and the observation efficiency can be improved by increasing the observation range ffl.
- the maximum numerical aperture of the condenser lens that can be illuminated is N ⁇ 1, and the number of apertures of the objective lens that can observe the maximum illumination range of the condenser lens is ⁇ 2.
- the transmitted illumination optical system includes a condenser lens satisfying the following condition.
- Illumination light components include dark-field illumination.
- two or more light shields are moved to move from oblique illumination to ⁇ field illumination.
- the contrast of the transparent phase specimen can be continuously changed from observation of the low-magnification objective lens, and as the magnification of the objective lens increases, the number of apertures increases.
- the area of oblique illumination including field illumination decreases, which satisfies condition 2 not only at low magnification but also at other magnifications. It is important.
- FIG. 30 shows a configuration in which the design of the transmitted illumination optical system is changed from the optical system shown in FIG. 7 (the same members as those in FIG. 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals).
- relay lenses 60 and 61 are provided between the diffusion plate 22 and the deflection mirror 24 shown in FIG.
- the light emitted from the light source 20 is converted into parallel light by the collector lens 21, and then a primary light source image (an imaging position is indicated by reference numeral P 3) is formed by the relay lens 60. Then, this primary light source image is projected on the front focal position of the condenser lens 26 via the relay lens 61, the deflection mirror 24, and the projection lens 25 (secondary light source image).
- the stop 23 is a field-of-view stop, and the stop 41 functions as an aperture stop.
- the light shields 40a, 40b (It may be a light-shielding body having another configuration described above).
- the effect of the oblique illumination or the ⁇ field illumination can be obtained by moving each light shielding body so as to satisfy Condition 1 described above.
- the position conjugate with the pupil position of the objective lens 31 corresponds to the field stop 23 which is the front focal position of the projection lens 25, the position described above or near the position of the field stop 23 is described above.
- the same effect can be obtained by arranging the light shield of the configuration so as to be movable.
- the deflection mirror 24 may be configured to be rotatable.
- the turning of the deflecting mirror 24 can be performed by operating the mirror tilt adjusting lever 204 in the case of the stereomicroscope shown in FIG.
- the deflection mirror 124 by configuring the deflection mirror 124 so as to be rotatable, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the angle of the illumination light applied to the sample during the oblique illumination and the visual field illumination.
- the condenser lens used in the transmitted illumination optical system is configured to be switchable according to the magnification of the objective lens. That is, at least one lens group between the aperture stop of the condenser lens and the specimen is detachable or switched to another lens group according to the low-magnification objective lens and the high-magnification objective lens. It is configured to be used.
- the illumination method according to the present invention does not always provide correct information for a sample obtained at a high magnification with a large aperture, but at low magnification, the scattered light due to illumination rather than the diffraction phenomenon is obtained. Close to an elephant.
- it is important to visualize the contrast by changing the contrast continuously rather than focusing on resolution.
- a light shield for controlling an aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens at the pupil position of the condenser lens at the time of low magnification it is possible to change the illumination continuously from bright-field illumination to oblique illumination, and then to dark-field illumination, so that the contrast of the phase sample can be changed continuously.
- a universal condenser which is a capacitor lens capable of phase difference observation and differential interference observation.
- the structure and distribution of the entire phase specimen are visualized with good contrast using the above-mentioned illumination method. It can be configured so that microstructure can be observed using differential interference.
- At least one lens ⁇ between the aperture stop and the specimen is attached or detached according to low magnification or high magnification, or switched to another lens ⁇ ;
- the focal length of the condenser lens at high magnification is F1
- the focal length of the condenser lens at low magnification is F2.
- Figure 31 shows a capacitor used for high magnification.
- a special observation turret disk such as a phase difference ring slit, differential interference prism, and dark field Linder slit (not shown) is provided at the jH aperture stop 7 mm and the condenser lens pupil position 1. ing.
- the specimen is placed on slide glass 72 and placed on the stage surface.
- Light shield 7 4 configured as described above! , 74b are movably arranged near the pupil position P1.
- d 1, d 2,... are the air gap or the thickness of the glass material
- ndl, nd2,... are the d-line refractive indices of each lens
- v l, V 2, ... are Abbe numbers of each lens.
- the aperture stop (70) is located 10.4 on the light source side from the first surface.
- & (P I) is located 5.40 on the light source side from the first surface.
- the diameter of the condenser lens is sufficiently large with respect to the pupil diameter of the objective lens on the low magnification side, and the oblique illumination component including the dark field illumination for irradiating the specimen can be secured.
- a transparent W phase sample and the like can be visualized and intermittently.
- the contrast can be changed.
- the condenser lens in addition to the illumination device according to the present invention, it is possible to perform phase difference! Insight, differential interference observation, and visual field observation, etc., thereby providing an illumination optical system that can support various observation methods. .
- the same effect can be obtained by arranging and moving the light shields 74a and 74b in the turret disk.
- FIG. 32 shows a condenser lens used for high magnification.
- the lens system is composed of lens groups L1, L2 and L3.
- special observation turrets such as a phase difference ring slit, a differential interference prism, and a visual field ring slit (not shown) are provided. It has a task disk.
- the specimen is placed on slide glass 72 and placed on the stage surface. In this case, the space between the lens L3 and the stage is filled with oil for Shan Shan. Further, the light shields 74a and 74b configured as described above are movably disposed near the arbitrary position P1.
- r 1, r 2, ' are the radii of curvature of the lenses arranged in order from the light source side
- d 1, d 2, ' is the air gap or the thickness of the glass material ndl, nd2,... are the d-line refractive indices of each lens
- v1, v2, ... are the Abbe numbers of each lens (the aperture (70) is located 5.25 from the first surface toward the light source).
- the pupil (P 1) is located at 0.25 on the light source side from the first surface.
- the pupil diameter of the condenser lens is sufficiently large with respect to the diameter of the objective lens on the low magnification side, and an oblique illumination component including dark field illumination for irradiating the specimen can be secured.
- a transparent phase sample, etc. can be visualized by movably disposing a light shield that controls the shape of the aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens in the vicinity of the aperture stop. Can be changed.
- phase difference observation, differential interference observation, dark field observation, and the like can be performed, and the illumination optical system can correspond to various observation methods.
- light shields 74a and 74b are arranged in the turret disk. A similar effect can be obtained with a configuration in which it is placed and moved.
- Fig. 33 shows a condenser lens used at low magnification, and light shields 74a and 74b that control the shape of the aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens are movably provided.
- This condenser lens is composed of an aperture stop 70 and five lenses including a junction in a lens system.
- the sample is placed on a slide glass 72 and placed on the stage surface.
- the light shields 74a and 74b are arranged near an aperture stop 70 near the pupil position.
- r1, r2, ... are arranged in order from the light source side.
- d 1, d 2,... is the air gap or the thickness of the glass material
- ndl, nd2,... are the d-line refractive indices of each lens
- the pupil diameter of the condenser lens is sufficiently large with respect to the pupil diameter of the extremely low-magnification objective lens, and the oblique illumination component including the field illumination for irradiating the sample can be secured.
- a transparent phase specimen can be visualized by continuously disposing a light shield that controls the shape of the aperture formed inside the objective lens in the vicinity of the aperture stop. Can be changed.
- this magnification range there is no illumination that visualizes the phase sample and changes the contrast. .
- Fig. 34 shows the configuration of a condenser lens that is used by switching at least one lens between the aperture stop and the sample according to the high and low magnifications.
- Figure 34A shows a configuration that can be used at high magnifications
- Figure 34B shows a configuration that can be used at low magnifications.
- the condenser lens used for ffl is the same as that shown in Fig. 31. Then, at low magnification, the lens units L2 and L3 move from the illumination light path, and the lens St; L4 is inserted into the illumination light path instead.
- Light shields 74a and 74b, which control an aperture formed in the pupil of the objective lens, are movably disposed near the fellow position P1 at low magnification.
- the illumination range at high magnification corresponds to 10 to 100 times, and the illumination range at low magnification corresponds to 1.25 to 4 times.
- r 1, r 2, ... are the [III radius of each lens arranged in order from the light source side,
- d1, d2,... are the air gap or the thickness of the glass material
- ndl, nd2,... are the d-line refractive indices of each lens, v 1, v 2, ... is a Tsu number base (
- the aperture stop (70) is located 10.4 on the light source side from the first surface.
- ⁇ (P1) is 5.40 on the light source side from the first surface.
- the aperture stop (70) is located 10.4 on the light source side from the first surface.
- ⁇ (P1) is located at 24.3 on the light source side from the first surface.
- the condenser lens as described above, the light shield near the pupil position at low magnification With this arrangement, the phase sample can be visualized and the contrast can be continuously changed from 1.25 to 4 times. As a result, in the range from extremely low magnification to low magnification, the phase sample can be visualized and observed with the above-described low-magnification condenser lens, and at high magnification, the phase difference, differential interference, and darkness can be observed. Visual field observation can be performed.
- FIG. 35 shows the configuration of a condenser lens that is used alternately according to the high and low magnifications.
- FIG. 35A shows a configuration used at a high magnification
- FIG. 35B shows a configuration used at a low magnification.
- the condenser lens used at high magnification is the same as the configuration shown in Fig. 31, and the condenser lens used at low magnification is used.
- the configuration is the same as the configuration shown in FIG.
- r 1, r 2,... are the peak I-radius of each lens arranged in order from the light source side
- d 1, d 2, ... are the air gaps or the thickness of the glass material
- ndl, nd2,... are the d-line refractive indices of each lens
- v l, V 2, ... are Abbe numbers of each lens.
- the aperture stop (70) is located 10.4 on the light source side from the first surface.
- the pupil (P1) is located 5.40 on the light source side from the first surface.
- the aperture stop (70) and pupil (P 1) are located at 20.0 from the fourth surface to the specimen side.
- the condenser lens described above the light-shielding body is placed near the ⁇ position at low magnification, so that phase samples etc. can be visualized from 1.25 to 4 times.
- the condenser lens can be changed continuously at high magnification by placing the optical element for phase difference observation and differential interference observation at the pupil position of the condenser lens. Such observation becomes possible.
- the phase sample can be visualized and observed with the low-magnification type condenser lens as described above, and at high magnification, phase difference observation, differential interference observation, And (4) It is an illumination optical system that can perform field-of-view observation, etc., and can respond to various observation methods. Also, the positions of the light shields 74a and 74b arranged at the time of low magnification, Five
- the transmission illumination optical system as described above can be used in combination with an epifluorescence microscope (not shown). Unlike an objective lens for phase difference observation, there is no need to dispose a phase film at the pupil position of the objective lens, so that there is no loss in the objective lens and bright light can be observed. In the case of a fluorescent-stained transparent phase specimen, it is possible to visualize cells with good contrast using the above-mentioned transmission illumination system, and observe cells and the like that have been fluorescent-stained by epi-illumination fluorescent illumination.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a transmission illumination optical system in a stereo microscope.
- the transmitted illumination optical system includes a parallel light member 82 such as a collector lens that converts the light of the light source 80 such as a halogen lamp into a substantially parallel light beam, and frosted glass that diffuses the light beam from the parallel light beam member 82.
- the first light diffusing plate 83, the first light condensing member 85 such as a convex lens for condensing the diffused light from the first light diffusing plate 83, and the light from the first light condensing member 85 A second diffusing plate 86 made of ground glass to diffuse, a deflecting mirror 87 that deflects light from the second diffusing plate 86 upward, and a veining light from the deflecting mirror 87.
- the second diffusion plate 86 and the deflecting mirror 87 are provided with a second condensing member 88 such as a convex lens for irradiating the sample 90 on the sample mounting glass 89 with the c .
- the first auxiliary convex lens 91 is disposed so that it can be inserted and removed from the optical path, and the second auxiliary convex lens 92 can be inserted and removed between the mirror 87 and the second lighting member 88. Placed That.
- the first and second light-shielding members 95a and 95 which are configured in the same manner as the light-shielding member of the above-described embodiment. 5b is movably arranged. Further, between the second diffusing member 86 and the second auxiliary convex lens 91, light shields 95c and 95d having the same configuration are movably arranged.
- the light emitted from the light source 80 is efficiently converged by the parallel light beam member 82 to be converted into substantially parallel light, and is incident on the first diffusion plate 83.
- the first diffusion plate 83 serves as a substantially uniform light source having a large area to satisfy the illumination visual field.
- the light diffused by the first diffusion plate 83 is collected by the first light collection member 85.
- First The condensing member 85 has a function of collecting the light diffused in the diverging direction by the first diffusing plate 85 in a converging direction effective for illumination.
- the light incident on the second diffusion plate 86 is further diffused along the direction of convergence.
- the second diffusion plate 86 diffuses light to satisfy the numerical aperture, and becomes a final light source.
- the light diffused by the second diffusing plate 86 is deflected upward by the deflecting mirror 87, enters the second focusing member 88, and passes the sample 90 through the sample mounting transparent member 89. Light up.
- the first auxiliary convex lens 91 inserted between the second diffusing plate 86 and the deflecting mirror 87 strengthens the light convergence for the high-magnification objective lens with a narrow illumination field of view and a large numerical aperture. It plays a role in increasing the light use efficiency.
- the second auxiliary convex lens 92 inserted between the deflecting mirror 87 and the second light collecting member 88 increases the power of the convex lens together with the first light collecting member 88 to provide illumination. It serves to narrow the field of view and illuminate the sample 90 with light with a large angle.
- the illumination optical system can be switched according to the magnification of the objective lens, so that observation can be performed under optimal illumination conditions.
- the high-power objective lens has a short focal length, the conjugate position in the illuminator is as close as possible to the second light-collecting member 88, and the low-power objective lens moves away from it and deflects it. It is customary that the pupil conjugate position exists before the position where the optical axis is turned back at the mirror 87. Therefore, light-shielding bodies 95a, 95b, and 95c, 95d are respectively arranged at those positions, and each light-shielding body is independently perforated with respect to the optical axis. An aperture can be formed, and further, by arbitrarily displacing each light shield from the optical axis, oblique illumination becomes possible.
- the above-mentioned light shields 95a, 95b (95c, 95d) can be moved by the driving mechanism shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 12B to 12D and FIGS. 21 to 26, both pupils of the objective lens are evenly narrowed from the vertical direction. Since the left and right pupils are evenly squeezed, the left and right images appear evenly, and a stereoscopic effect can be obtained naturally due to the parallax between the left and right, which is a characteristic of stereo microscopes. Also, as in the above-described embodiment, by moving the light shield, the ratio of the direct light incident on the objective lens or the like and the diffracted light can be controlled, and the contrast can be emphasized or the continuous light can be continuously emitted.
- FIG. 37 shows a modification of the configuration shown in FIG. This modified example is different from the configuration shown in FIG. 36 in that the deflection mirror 87 is configured to be rotatable and the light shields 95 c and 95 d on the low magnification side are removed. Is a point.
- the rotating directional mirror 87a can provide a large field of view with a sufficient illumination effect (oblique illumination) in the conventional contrast.
- oblique illumination a sufficient illumination effect
- the cost can be reduced.
- ⁇ oblique illumination at medium magnification where the conjugate relation of the ⁇ position is insufficient can be performed with the directional mirror 87a, so that it is easy to use.
- the illumination system in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 36 and 37 is used for oblique illumination to satisfy the illumination field of view at high magnification and low magnification, and to satisfy the number of BH apertures (I deer).
- This is an example. Therefore, even if the above-described light-shielding member is arranged at the pupil position of the known bright-field illumination device, the oblique illumination can be sufficiently performed.
- it is preferable to combine the above-mentioned illumination system or a wider illumination field of view with an optical system having a large numerical aperture. Les ,.
- the first and second diffusion plates 83 and 86 are integrated, and the first and second diffusion plates are eliminated by eliminating the first light collecting member 85. It is also possible to distribute the lens effect. Instead of inserting the first and second auxiliary convex lenses 91 and 92, the focal lengths of the first and second condenser members 85 and 88 can be changed. Can also be changed.
- At least two light shields are movably arranged at two locations conjugate to the high magnification pupil position and the low magnification ⁇ position of the zoom stereo microscope. According to such a configuration, optimal oblique illumination can be realized at high magnification and low magnification.
- the optical system shown in the figure is provided with another deflecting member for deflecting the emitted light ⁇ from the light source upward, and tilting the deflecting member to deviate the illumination light beam.
- FIG. 38A is a side view showing the transmission illumination optical device arranged on the transmission illumination base ⁇ of the stereomicroscope. Since the stereo microscope has the configuration as shown in FIG. 6, its entire shape is not shown.
- the transmission illumination optical device of this embodiment is configured so that the clear-field optical system and the ⁇ -field optical system can be exchanged by an optical system conversion mechanism described later.
- FIG. 38A shows the bright-field optical system. Shows the system.
- a light source 401 such as a halogen lamp is provided in the housing 300.
- the light emitted from the light source at 4 ° is converted into a substantially luminous flux by the collector lens 402, and then deflected by the polarizing member (deflecting mirror) 406.
- the sample 309 arranged on the sample mounting glass (sample mounting glass) 408 provided in the opening 301 a formed in the upper part 301 is illuminated.
- the collector lens 402 is disposed so that the emission optical axis of the light source 401 is inclined obliquely downward from the horizontal direction by about 5 to 10 degrees (6 degrees in the present embodiment). ing.
- filters 411, 411, 412 On the optical axis between the light source 401 and the deflecting member 406, there are provided filters 411, 411, 412, which can be inserted into and removed from the light ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ by a filter insertion / extraction mechanism described later;
- a diffusing plate 4 15 and a convex lens 4 20 having a substantially elliptical shape (see FIG. 38B) in which the upper and lower portions of a circular lens are cut off are provided.
- a convex lens 407 having a Fresnel surface 407a and a diffusion surface 407b is provided between the deflection member 406 and the sample mounting glass 408.
- the switchable portions as the bright-field optical system are the deflecting member 406, the convex lens 407, and the diffusion plate 415.
- Figure 39A shows the darkfield optics.
- the visual field optical system deflects the light emitted from the light source 401 upward, and irradiates the sample 309 obliquely with the deflected light.
- a light shielding member 4 35 a light shielding member 4 35.
- the light-shielding member 435 is provided with a conical reflection mirror 435, which is upward, so as to reflect the light reflected by the second deflecting member toward the outer periphery around the optical axis.
- a circular light-shielding plate 4 3 7 attached to the bottom of 4 3 6 and a cylindrical mirror that reflects the light reflected from the reflective mirror 4 3 6 so as to be obliquely incident on the sample 3 9 Reflective Mira 1
- a ring aperture with a large aperture is created by 438, and the sample 309 is illuminated in the dark field through the sample mounting glass 408.
- the above-mentioned second deflecting member 430 and the light-shielding member 435 can be integrally formed by, for example, a resin. Or, if aluminum vapor deposition that reflects light is applied, it is good.
- the switchable portions as the dark-field optical system are the second deflecting member 430 and the light-blocking member 435.
- FIG. 40 is a view showing the optical system switching mechanism in FIG. 38 ⁇ ⁇ and FIG. 39 ⁇ when the bottom plate 302 of the housing is removed and viewed from the ⁇ direction.
- reference numerals 440 and 450 denote a bright-field optical system and a ⁇ -field optical system, respectively.
- the bright-field optical system 440 includes the diffusion member 415, the deflection member 406, and the convex lens 407, as described above. It is integrally connected to the bright field side support member 460 having 0a. Also, the ⁇ field of view ’optical system 450 includes the second deflecting member 430 and the light blocking member 435 as described above, and these are provided at the base end with an annular mounting portion 463. It is integrally linked to the dark-field-side support member 463 having a.
- a columnar shaft 470 is vertically fixed on a top surface 301 of the housing 300 opposite to the light source 401.
- the shaft 4700 has a mounting section 4 6 for the bright field side support member 4 0a and the mounting portion 463a of the dark field side support member 463 are rotatably inserted.
- the shaft 470 is provided rotatably with an annular mounting portion 480a formed at the base end of the operating lever 480.
- the mounting portions 460a and 463a are fixed by fixing portions (not shown).
- the distal end of the lever 480 forms a grip portion 480b, and the grip portion is formed by a lever driving slot hole 303 formed in the bottom surface 303 of the body 300. It is protruding.
- the grip portion 480b of the lever 480 along the long hole 303b, the bright-field optical system 440 is positioned on the optical axis, or the ⁇ -field optical system is moved.
- the switching operation is performed so that 450 is positioned (the state shown in FIG. 40 indicates a state where the dark-field optical system is positioned on the optical axis).
- each filter is configured to move horizontally and deviate from the optical axis.
- FIG. 41 is a view in which the bottom plate 302 of the housing is removed from FIG. 38A and viewed from the B direction.
- the filters 4 10, 4 11, and 4 12 are optical axes defined as described above.
- Each filter is supported on one end of a supporting arm 5110, 511, 512, respectively, and the other end of each supporting arm is connected to three vertical fixed to the upper surface of the housing 300. It is rotatably supported on shafts 52 0, 52 1, and 52 2.
- the housing 300 is provided with three operation shafts 530 to 532 so that only predetermined strokes can be taken in and out corresponding to the support arms 5110, 511, and 512, respectively.
- a pin is fixed to one end of each operation shaft. (In the figure, only the pin 532a of the operating axis 532 is shown). Each pin is inserted into a slot formed in each support arm 5110, 511, 512 (only the slot 512a in the support arm 512 is shown in the figure). It has been inserted.
- the optical path from the light source to the sample is long, and in particular, the optical path in the horizontal direction can be long, so that the top surface of the stage on which the sample is placed and the bottom surface of the housing
- An optical element such as the above-described filter can be disposed without increasing the height of the optical filter.
- the housing since each filter is configured to rotate in a horizontal plane and to be moved in and out of the optical axis, the housing does not become high. In other words, the filters 410, 411, and 412 mentioned above do not rotate in the horizontal direction, and do not change position in the height direction. There is no.
- each filter is connected to each operation shaft 530, 531, 5332 by the link mechanism as described above, the insertion / removal of each filter with respect to the optical axis requires a small operation amount ( Operation amount of the operation axis).
- the diffusing member 415 greatly contributes to determining the illumination visual field, and a wide illumination visual field can be covered by increasing the degree of diffusion, and a narrow illumination field can be covered by decreasing the degree of diffusion. In this way, by inserting and removing the diffusion member, the range of the field of view can be controlled, and the illumination can be made bright when the field of view is narrow.
- the substantially elliptic convex lens 420 has a shape in which a circumferential portion in the vertical direction is forcibly applied. This is because when observing a sample with a stereomicroscope, the illumination in the left and right direction must be sufficient, and a large-diameter lens is necessary to increase the numerical aperture.
- the diameter is not required c, that is, even if the diameter of the lens in the vertical direction is reduced, the illumination in the horizontal direction can be sufficiently ensured.
- a small optical system in the vertical direction can be assembled.
- such a lens can be molded with resin.
- the convex lens 407 a Fresnel lens
- the lens thickness can be reduced even if the lens is large, and the diffusion of the diffusion plate 415 can be strengthened to produce a large divergent light.
- the light is bent in the convergent direction on the Fresnel surface 407a and passes through the diffusion surface 407b, so that the illumination field of view of the ordinary stereomicroscope device is about ⁇ 35. , 0.60 to ⁇ 70 illumination field of view can be secured. That is, approximately four times the area can be illuminated.
- the diffusing member 4 15 is removed from the optical path, and the light that has not been diffused is converged by the convex lens 420, and the second deflecting member 4 30 and the light shielding member 4 3 Oblique illumination of the specimen 309 via 5 is realized.
- the circular light blocking plate 437 blocks light leaking from below and darkens the background of the dark field. Even when switching to either the bright-field optical system or the ⁇ -field optical system, both the bright-field ⁇ optical system and the ⁇ -field optical system can use all the light collected by the collector lens 402 without waste.
- the illumination light path can be extended while including the visual field illumination system, and the wide visual field can be illuminated with less unevenness.
- a very large field of view can be illuminated by providing a diffusing surface 407b on the final surface of the bright field.
- each support arm can be arranged so as to overlap in the optical axis direction, so that a plurality of filters can be compactly supported.
- each filter may be, for example, a sliding system other than the rotating system as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIGS. 43A and 43B, the filter 410 is held at one end of the operation plate 550, and the other end is projected from the upper surface 301 of the housing. A structure in which the end is gripped and operated in the range of the stroke L may be used.
- the height of the housing that is, the sample
- the dimensions from the mounting surface to the bottom surface can be made thin.
- the upper surface of the transparent member on which the sample is placed can be made wide and thin.
- the illumination can be changed without moving the sample 309, and such filters do not affect the thickness of the device. Absent.
- the luminous flux emitted from the light source 401 can be used without waste and can be brightly illuminated.
- the optical path can be designed to be long, so that a wide, non-uniform illumination field can be obtained without difficulty.
- a preferable illumination method of the bright-field optical system and the ⁇ -field optical system can be easily selected depending on the sample. In this case, the light is bright during dark-field observation and can be evenly illuminated during bright-field observation.
- each optical system is configured to be switched by rotating in the horizontal direction, the thickness of the device can be reduced.
- the optical device can be made thin.
- the ⁇ -field optical system in this modification is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 39A, and the bright-field optical system is configured as shown in FIG. 44A.
- the optical axis is configured to be inclined by 10 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction.
- a second diffusion plate 570 is arranged behind the convex lens 420, and the light deflected by the deflecting member 406 is collected by the convex lens 580. It is configured to emit light.
- the first diffusing plate 415, the second diffusing plate 570, the deflecting member 406, and the convex lens 580 are configured to be integrally rotated by a switching mechanism.
- the filter insertion / removal mechanism of this modification is configured as shown in FIG.
- Each of the filters 410, 411, and 412 is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis inclined by 10 degrees, and arranged so that the height positions are different from each other.
- Each filter is supported on one end of a support arm 510, 511, 512, and the other end of each support arm is connected to three vertical axes 520, 521, 522 fixed to the upper surface of the housing 300. It is rotatably supported. Rotating knobs 730, 731, and 732 are rotatably mounted on the housing 300 so that they can be rotated from the outside. A question about each rotating knob and the vertical axis 520, 521, and 522 is provided. Are connected by a ring-shaped belt 750. By rotating each of the rotary knobs, each of the filters 410, 411, and 412 can be switched to a two-dot chain line position or a solid line position.
- the case where the inclination angles of the emission optical axis of the light source 401 are 6 degrees and 10 degrees has been described. According to the experimental results, if the inclination angle is about 5 degrees to 10 degrees, The operation and effect as described above can be obtained. In this case, if the inclination angle of the light axis emitted from the light source 401 is too small, the thinning effect is lost, and if the inclination angle of the light axis emitted from the light source 401 is too large, the illuminating light beam is emitted from the upper surface of the sample mounting transparent member. It goes out to a higher position and restricts the sample mounting transparent member.
- the mirrors 436 and 438 of the above-mentioned (1) field-of-view optical system may collect and diverge at curved portions other than the conical and cylindrical shapes shown in the figure, respectively. It may be processed with.
- the bright-field optical system is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be arbitrarily combined with other optical members.
- the switching of the diffusion member is not performed by the above-described optical system switching mechanism.
- a configuration similar to that of the insertion / removal mechanism described above may be a configuration that can be independently inserted into / removed from the optical axis.
- a gear may be used instead of the belt 750 of the filter insertion / removal mechanism in FIG.
- the lens lens 407 allows the thickness to increase, it can be composed of a normal lens 580 as shown in Fig. 44 44, in which case the diffusion plate 570 performs the same function as the diffusion surface 407b. .
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69836030T DE69836030T2 (de) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-28 | Mikroskop |
| EP98940615A EP1008884B1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-28 | Transmission illuminator for microscopes |
| US09/514,863 US6396628B1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2000-02-28 | Microscope transmitted-illumination apparatus |
| US10/114,529 US6643061B2 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2002-04-01 | Microscope transmitted-illumination apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9/234784 | 1997-08-29 | ||
| JP9/234070 | 1997-08-29 | ||
| JP23407097 | 1997-08-29 | ||
| JP23478497A JP4231561B2 (ja) | 1997-08-29 | 1997-08-29 | 実体顕微鏡透過照明装置 |
| JP24040398A JP4503716B2 (ja) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-26 | 顕微鏡透過照明装置 |
| JP10/240403 | 1998-08-26 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/514,863 Continuation US6396628B1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2000-02-28 | Microscope transmitted-illumination apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999012068A1 true WO1999012068A1 (en) | 1999-03-11 |
Family
ID=27332073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1998/003853 Ceased WO1999012068A1 (en) | 1997-08-29 | 1998-08-28 | Transmission illuminator for microscopes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6396628B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1008884B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1145820C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69836030T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1999012068A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6738193B2 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2004-05-18 | Nikon Corporation | Stereomicroscope and transmission illumination apparatus |
| JP2019095293A (ja) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-06-20 | 株式会社アサヒビジョン | レンズチェッカー |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1008884B1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
| DE69836030D1 (de) | 2006-11-09 |
| US20020191281A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
| US6643061B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 |
| CN1269022A (zh) | 2000-10-04 |
| US6396628B1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
| EP1008884A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
| CN1145820C (zh) | 2004-04-14 |
| EP1008884A4 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
| DE69836030T2 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
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