WO1999012972A1 - Anticorps monoclonal contre des monocytes humains - Google Patents
Anticorps monoclonal contre des monocytes humains Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999012972A1 WO1999012972A1 PCT/JP1998/004035 JP9804035W WO9912972A1 WO 1999012972 A1 WO1999012972 A1 WO 1999012972A1 JP 9804035 W JP9804035 W JP 9804035W WO 9912972 A1 WO9912972 A1 WO 9912972A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cells
- human
- antibody
- monoclonal antibody
- mononuclear cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
Definitions
- Monoclonal antibodies against human mononuclear cells TECHNICAL FIELD-The present invention relates to a monoclonal antibody against human mononuclear cells, which is useful for studying and treating inflammatory responses, and which inhibits extravasation of human mononuclear cells after vascular endothelial cell culture, and a monoclonal antibody against the same. It relates to the produced hybridoma. Background art
- the inflammatory response is the most important biological response in host defense, minimizing tissue damage due to bacterial and viral infections and promoting power and tissue repair.
- inflammatory reactions can also cause progressive damage to the body, such as intractable diseases of unknown origin, such as autoimmune diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanism and pathology of the inflammatory response is essential for the treatment of these intractable diseases.
- migration of peripheral circulating leukocytes to extravascular tissues is the earliest phenomenon of inflammation, and its control is an important goal of therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory diseases.
- T lymphocytes which play a central role in the immune response, are completely unknown. Blood after adhesion of T lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells Regarding extravasation, not all adherent cells migrate, and the selectivity is clearly working. It is strongly presumed that such selectivity factors play an important role in the development and progression of chronic inflammation. Determining the identity and function of these factors is crucial for inflammation research and the development of inflammation treatments, and many researchers have been waiting for. To study such a factor, it is useful to obtain a monoclonal antibody against the factor, but to date it has not been obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a monoclonal antibody against a factor involved in extravasation of human leukocytes, particularly monocytes, after adhesion of vascular endothelial cells. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and found that human mononuclear cells having adhesiveness to human vascular endothelial cells, and human vascular endothelial cells cultured in a monolayer on a collagen gel were used as gels.
- antigen-screening is performed by determining the inhibition of T lymphocyte adhesion and migration using vascular endothelial cells cultured on collagen gel.
- the inventors have found that a monoclonal antibody that inhibits extravasation after endothelial cell adhesion can be obtained, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention provides a monoclonal antibody against human mononuclear cells, which has the ability to inhibit extravasation of human mononuclear cells after adhesion of vascular endothelial cells.
- the present invention also provides a hybridoma that produces the above monoclonal antibody.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the fluorescence intensity (reactivity with the monoclonal antibody of the present invention) of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes of healthy subjects.
- the hybridoma producing the monoclonal antibody of the present invention is a cell fusion method using human mononuclear cells as an antigen, i.e., fusion of mammalian antibody-producing cells immunized with human mononuclear cells and mammalian myeloma cells.
- the mammal to be immunized here is more preferably a mouse, a heron, a rat, a goat, a chick or the like, and a mosquito or a mouse.
- the antigen may be human mononuclear cells.
- Human mononuclear cells (a) that adhere to human vascular endothelial cells, and human monocytes that migrated into the gel from human vascular endothelial cells monolayer cultured on collagen gel. It is preferable to use in combination with the nucleus (b), and it is particularly preferable to use (a) as the sensitizing antigen and (b) as the final immunizing antigen.
- Human mononuclear cells can be obtained from peripheral blood, synovial fluid, pleural effusion, etc., but those collected from peripheral blood are preferred.
- the immunization method can be in accordance with a general method.
- the antigen mononuclear cells described above are suspended in a normal buffer solution / physiological saline. The same operation may be repeated as necessary after administration to the animal by an appropriate route such as intraperitoneal or subcutaneous stimulation and temporary stimulation.
- the dose of the mononuclear cell used as the antigen is appropriately determined according to the route of administration, the type of mammal, etc., but when administered intraperitoneally or intravenously to mice, the usual dose is 1X per dose. it is appropriate to the 1 0 7 cells / mouse about.
- antibody-producing cells such as spleen cells, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood are collected.
- Spleen cells are preferred as antibody-producing cells.
- Myeloma cells include various well-known cell lines that have already been established, for example, P3 / NSl / l-Ag4-KNSl in mice), SP2 / 0-Agl4 (SP2), ⁇ 3 ⁇ 63-Ag8 (x63) , P3 / x63-Ag8.Ul CP3Ul), F0, MCP-11, x63.653, S194, etc. Agl. 2.3 (Y3) etc. can be used.
- the fusion reaction between the antibody-producing cells and the myeloma cells is performed by a known method, for example, a polyethylene glycol method, an electrofusion method, or the like.
- the selection of hybridomas that have acquired the antibody-producing ability and the proliferation ability is performed, for example, by culturing for several days to several weeks in a HAT medium. -- ⁇ Search for the antibody-producing strain of interest from the hybridomas obtained in this way. The search for the target antibody-producing strain is performed by measuring the migration ability of human mononuclear cells after adhesion of vascular endothelial cells. That is, a hybridoma that does not inhibit the adhesion between human mononuclear cells and vascular endothelial cells and that inhibits migration after adhesion is selected.
- Cloning of the selected hybridoma is preferably carried out by a limiting dilution method—a force that can be carried out by the so-called overnight loan method, or by an ultra dilution method.
- the thus obtained hybridomas can be subcultured in a normal medium, and can be easily and stably stored in liquid nitrogen for a long period of time.
- Production of the monoclonal antibody of the present invention from the above-described hybridoma is carried out by culturing the hybridoma according to a conventional method and separating it from the culture supernatant, or administering the hybridoma to a mammal compatible therewith, It can be carried out by a usual method such as a method of growing and separating from ascites of the animal.
- the former method is particularly suitable for obtaining high purity, and the latter method is suitable for mass production.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention produced as described above can be further purified, for example, by immunoglobulin fractionation by ordinary separation means such as ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration such as DEAE cellulose column chromatography.
- the monoclonal antibody of the present invention can be obtained by isolating the components.
- Antigen is co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells before immunizing animals with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- the remaining mononuclear cells (a) except the non-adherent mononuclear cells were used.
- nuclei were added to human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured monolayer on type 1 collagen gel, and after 5 hours, mononuclear cells migrated into the collagen gel under the monolayer endothelial cells (b ) was used as an antigen. That is, a gel culture medium with a final concentration of type 1 collagen of 0.8 mg ZTT was prepared in a 60-ml plastic petri dish, and a human umbilical vein suspended in a culture medium containing endothelial cell growth factor was placed on top of this.
- Endothelial cells were added and cultured to form a monolayer. After a complete monolayer, mononuclear cells were added and cultured. After a certain time, the endothelial cells on the collagen gel and the mononuclear cells that did not migrate into the gel were removed with 0.4% EDTA, then the collagen gel was treated with collagenase, and the mononuclear cells migrated into the gel. (B) was isolated.
- the mononuclear cells (a) were suspended in phosphate buffer, a 1 XI 0 7 cells per animal for mice were injected into the peritoneal cavity. This was repeated at least 4 times every 2 to 4 weeks.
- For the final immunization about 1 ⁇ 10 7 migrating monocytes (b) isolated from the collagen gel as described above were directly administered to mice intravenously.
- the spleen was excised from the mouse, and 1 ⁇ 10 3 spleen cell suspensions containing antibody-producing cells were prepared and subjected to fusion with a myeloma cell line. This cell line was subcultured in RPMI-164 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), and 5 to 10 min of the number of spleen cells prepared.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- the cell pellet was prepared in HAT medium supplemented with inleukin 6 so that the spleen cells became 1 ⁇ 10 / m &, and 0.1 per each well was spread on a 96-well flat bottom plastic plate. The cells were cultured at 37 ° C. until the hybridomas proliferated sufficiently. -— ⁇ — ⁇
- the culture supernatant of the selected hybridoma group was screened for a hybridoma producing the desired antibody using a system for measuring the migration of human mononuclear cells after adhesion of vascular endothelial cells. That is, the method described in (1) was applied, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells cultured monolayer on collagen gel 50 / ⁇ added to a 96-well flat bottom plastic plate were used. To the plate thus prepared, 50 ⁇ of the hybridoma supernatant and 50 ⁇ of the human mononuclear cell suspension were added and cultured.
- Cloning of the selected hybridomas was performed by limiting dilution. By repeating the limiting dilution method three to four times, selecting a hybridoma with a high antibody titer, and selecting the hybridoma strain producing the antibody with a high migration inhibition rate and a hybridoma producing an antibody. And
- the obtained hybridoma strain was suspended in a growth medium containing IL-16 and allowed to grow, and then injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice of the same strain to obtain ascites. Next, protein The IgG fraction was purified from the ascites fluid using an A column.
- the monoclonal antibody 4C8 obtained above has an isotype of IgG3 and 1
- the migration of monocytes, including lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, under the endothelial cells after endothelial cell adhesion was inhibited by approximately 80% to 90%.
- the characteristics of the obtained ⁇ monoclonal antibody of the present invention were discussed. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ .
- NK cells Reacts with human lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, granulocytes including eosinophils, and vascular endothelial cells.
- a 96-well flat-bottomed plastic plate was prepared by treating 3 to 30 zgZ of purified anti-4C8 antibody or control IgG3 with 100 // Zwel 1 for 18 hours at 4 ° C. .
- Mononuclear cells are collected from the blood of a healthy person by specific gravity centrifugation, and then the fraction passed through a nylon wool column is used as lymphocytes. The cells were suspended in 1 ⁇ 1-1640 medium. Was added to each well of lymphocyte 3 X 1 0 5 pieces of prepared plates were incubated at 1-3 hours 3 7 ° C. After the culture, the cells were well sprayed with a pipette and collected, and the cells were washed once with PBS.
- Phal loidin specifically binds to polymerized actin, that is, filament actin, so fluorescently-labeled Phal loidin is treated on 3% varaformaldehyde-fixed mononuclear cells, and the degree of binding is determined by flow cytometry. I checked in one. "Results: In the lymphocyte fraction gated by flow cytometry, the number of Phal loidin-positive cells was around 20% for control IgG3, but concentration-dependent for the plate treated with anti-4C8 antibody. In the meantime, the number of Phal loidin-positive cells increased to reach a maximum of 65%, indicating that stimulation through the 4C8 antigen induces actin polymerization in lymphocytes.
- Anti-4C8 antibodies were used as ligands to determine whether stimulation of 4C8 antigen on lymphocyte surface induced lymphocyte migration. Ie 9 6 holes . Create the Kola one Gengeru that mixed in various concentrations of anti-4 C 8 antibody flat bottom plate is,; the Ml 9 9 lymphocytes 3 X 1 0 5 cells was suspended in serum-free medium to each well in Les Was added. After culturing for 3 hours, 0.4% EDTA was added to remove lymphocytes attached to the gel, and the number of lymphocytes per unit area migrated into the gel was counted under a phase-contrast microscope.
- the plate treated with the anti-4C8 antibody as shown in 2) was further treated with 3% BSA for 2 hours at 37 ° C. This, 51 C r labeled human lymphocytes 3 X 1 0 5 cells were added in 1 hour, were cultured in 3 7 ° C. After the culture, non-adherent cells were removed, and the adherent cells were lysed with 1 N Na ⁇ H, and the radioactivity was measured with a gamma counter. The difference between the radioactivity of the whole cells added and the radioactivity in the control well as the denominator, and the difference between the radioactivity in the 4C8 antibody-treated well and the radioactivity in the control well as the numerator was 100 times The result was defined as% adhesion.
- a plate treated with an anti-4C8 antibody was prepared as shown in 2), and human lymphocytes prepared in the same manner were added thereto. After culturing for 1 hour, lymphocytes are collected, stained with a fluorescent-labeled anti-CD69 monoclonal antibody, and then subjected to flow cytometry for fluorescence. The light intensity was measured.
- the 4C8 antigen is not expressed on healthy human granulocytes, but is expressed on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, granulocytes were collected from such patients and examined whether stimulation of the 4C8 antigen activated granulocytes. That is, peripheral blood was mixed with 1% dextran sulfate at a ratio of 1: 0.75, allowed to stand for 40 to 50 minutes, and then the upper layer was taken. This was overlaid on the Ficoll-Conray solution. After centrifugation for 30 minutes, the supernatant was aspirated, and the cell pellet was further washed with PBS three times at 4 ° C. Finally, the granulocytes were suspended in RPM I-164 medium.
- Anti-rheumatic drug administration suppresses 4C8 expression of mononuclear cells and granulocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
- Mononuclear 4C8 antigen is attenuated, especially in rheumatoid patients who responded successfully to anti-rheumatic drugs, compared to untreated or active patients. Was significantly attenuated. In addition, some active rheumatic patients 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇
- the present invention has revealed that these mechanisms It has become possible to analyze the order at the cellular, protein, and molecular levels.
- the expression of the molecule recognized by the antibody of the present invention is related to various disease states and diseases, it can be applied to clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002303431A CA2303431A1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 1998-09-09 | Monoclonal antibody against human monocytes |
| EP98941774A EP1013668A1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 1998-09-09 | Monoclonal antibody against human monocytes |
| US09/508,071 US6515111B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 1998-09-09 | Monoclonal antibody which inhibits transendothelial migration of human mononuclear leukocytes |
| JP2000510777A JP3593032B2 (ja) | 1997-09-10 | 1998-09-09 | ヒト単核球に対するモノクローナル抗体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9/245203 | 1997-09-10 | ||
| JP24520397 | 1997-09-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999012972A1 true WO1999012972A1 (fr) | 1999-03-18 |
Family
ID=17130167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1998/004035 Ceased WO1999012972A1 (fr) | 1997-09-10 | 1998-09-09 | Anticorps monoclonal contre des monocytes humains |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6515111B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1013668A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3593032B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2303431A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1999012972A1 (ja) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004087210A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha | 抗cd52抗体による調節性t細胞分化誘導・増殖方法およびそのための医薬組成物 |
| JP2007527242A (ja) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-09-27 | カイロン コーポレーション | 治療剤の患者耐容性を予測するためのインビトロ試験システム |
| JP2007537732A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-12-27 | バックスデザイン コーポレイション | 人工免疫システム:作製および使用方法 |
| US8003385B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2011-08-23 | Sanofi Pasteur Vax Design Corp. | In vitro germinal centers |
| US8030070B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-10-04 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Artificial lymphoid tissue equivalent |
| US8062889B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-11-22 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Methods of evaluating a test agent in a diseased cell model |
| US8071373B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-12-06 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Co-culture lymphoid tissue equivalent (LTE) for an artificial immune system (AIS) |
| US8080416B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-12-20 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Method for determining the immunogenicity of an antigen |
| US8119403B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-02-21 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Disease model incorporation into an artificial immune system (AIS) |
| US8288159B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-10-16 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. et al. | Artificial immune system: methods for making and use |
| US8298823B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-10-30 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Methods for antibody production |
| US8298824B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-10-30 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Methods of evaluating a test agent in a diseased cell model |
| US8647837B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2014-02-11 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Artificial tissue constructs comprising alveolar cells and methods for using the same |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003102471A (ja) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-04-08 | Kirin Brewery Co Ltd | 調節性t細胞の分化誘導・増殖促進方法 |
-
1998
- 1998-09-09 EP EP98941774A patent/EP1013668A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-09-09 CA CA002303431A patent/CA2303431A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-09 US US09/508,071 patent/US6515111B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-09-09 WO PCT/JP1998/004035 patent/WO1999012972A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-09-09 JP JP2000510777A patent/JP3593032B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| NAZIRUDDIN B., ET AL.: "A HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-MONOCYTE SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (SK2H10) INDUCES INTRACELLULAR CA3 FLUX IN MONOCYTES.", THE FASEB JOURNAL, FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETIES FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, US, vol. 09., no. 03., 1 January 1995 (1995-01-01), US, pages 499., XP002915359, ISSN: 0892-6638 * |
| TAKAHASHI M., ET AL.: "INVOLVEMENT OF ADHESION MOLECULES IN HUMAN MONOCYTE ADHESION TO ANDTRANSMIGRATION THROUGH ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO.", ATHEROSCLEROSIS., ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD, IE, vol. 108., no. 01., 1 January 1994 (1994-01-01), IE, pages 73 - 81., XP002915358, ISSN: 0021-9150, DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90038-8 * |
| ZWADLO G., SCHLEGEL R., SORG C.: "A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO A SUBSET OF HUMAN MONOCYTES FOUND ONLY IN THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND INFLAMMATORY TISSUES.", THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF IMMUNOLOGISTS, US, vol. 137., no. 02., 1 January 1986 (1986-01-01), US, pages 512 - 518., XP002915360, ISSN: 0022-1767 * |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004087210A1 (ja) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-10-14 | Kirin Beer Kabushiki Kaisha | 抗cd52抗体による調節性t細胞分化誘導・増殖方法およびそのための医薬組成物 |
| JP2007527242A (ja) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-09-27 | カイロン コーポレーション | 治療剤の患者耐容性を予測するためのインビトロ試験システム |
| US8080416B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-12-20 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Method for determining the immunogenicity of an antigen |
| US8119403B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-02-21 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Disease model incorporation into an artificial immune system (AIS) |
| JP2015180202A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2015-10-15 | サノフィ パスツール ヴァックスデザイン コーポレーション | 人工免疫システム:作製および使用方法 |
| US8030070B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-10-04 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Artificial lymphoid tissue equivalent |
| US8062889B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-11-22 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Methods of evaluating a test agent in a diseased cell model |
| US8071373B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2011-12-06 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Co-culture lymphoid tissue equivalent (LTE) for an artificial immune system (AIS) |
| US8697371B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2014-04-15 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Methods for testing an immune response using cultures of T cells, B cells and dendritic cells |
| US9625444B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2017-04-18 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Artificial immune system: methods of use |
| JP2007537732A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2007-12-27 | バックスデザイン コーポレイション | 人工免疫システム:作製および使用方法 |
| US8288159B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-10-16 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. et al. | Artificial immune system: methods for making and use |
| US8298823B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-10-30 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Methods for antibody production |
| US8298824B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2012-10-30 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Methods of evaluating a test agent in a diseased cell model |
| JP2013208120A (ja) * | 2004-04-28 | 2013-10-10 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp | 人工免疫システム:作製および使用方法 |
| US8962319B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2015-02-24 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Methods for testing an immune response using cultures of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells |
| US8722402B2 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2014-05-13 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Artificial immune system: methods of use |
| US8247226B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2012-08-21 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Methods of evaluating an immune response to an antigen |
| US8669105B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2014-03-11 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Methods for assaying responses to vaccines |
| US8003387B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2011-08-23 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | In vitro germinal centers |
| US8003385B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2011-08-23 | Sanofi Pasteur Vax Design Corp. | In vitro germinal centers |
| US8647837B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2014-02-11 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corp. | Artificial tissue constructs comprising alveolar cells and methods for using the same |
| US9566250B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2017-02-14 | Sanofi Pasteur Vaxdesign Corporation | Artificial tissue constructs comprising alveolar cells and methods for using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6515111B1 (en) | 2003-02-04 |
| CA2303431A1 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
| EP1013668A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
| JP3593032B2 (ja) | 2004-11-24 |
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