WO1999044340A1 - Rate control system of tcp layer - Google Patents
Rate control system of tcp layer Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999044340A1 WO1999044340A1 PCT/JP1999/000949 JP9900949W WO9944340A1 WO 1999044340 A1 WO1999044340 A1 WO 1999044340A1 JP 9900949 W JP9900949 W JP 9900949W WO 9944340 A1 WO9944340 A1 WO 9944340A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1809—Selective-repeat protocols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
- H04L1/188—Time-out mechanisms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/19—Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer
- H04L47/193—Flow control; Congestion control at layers above the network layer at the transport layer, e.g. TCP related
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/32—Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/33—Flow control; Congestion control using forward notification
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/37—Slow start
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
- H04L69/163—In-band adaptation of TCP data exchange; In-band control procedures
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
- H04L69/168—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] specially adapted for link layer protocols, e.g. asynchronous transfer mode [ATM], synchronous optical network [SONET] or point-to-point protocol [PPP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
- H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
- H04L69/326—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the transport layer [OSI layer 4]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0273—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control adapting protocols for flow control or congestion control to wireless environment, e.g. adapting transmission control protocol [TCP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0284—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control detecting congestion or overload during communication
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
- H04W8/04—Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
- H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rate control method of a TCP layer in communication in which one terminal is connected to another terminal via radio.
- TCP Transmission Control Protocol
- OSI Open System
- TCP uses a slow rate function (a function that starts transmission at a low transmission rate (rate) first and then gradually increases the transmission rate) for retransmission control and window control, causing network congestion. And achieves high reliability.
- the slow start function is an algorithm that recovers from a congestion state by once lowering the transmission rate and then gradually increasing the transmission rate when packet discarding occurs. It has become.
- this slow start function causes waste and lowers the throughput, so its improvement is desired.
- the slow start function which is a feature of TCP rate control, is a method in which the transmission speed is reduced when a bucket is discarded, and the transmission speed is gradually increased by a good (ACK) response from the other party. I do.
- Fig. 1 shows an example of conventional TCP rate control.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents transmittable data size (WS: window size).
- the vertical dotted line indicated by a in the upper part of the figure indicates the change in the limit depending on the window (data size that can be received by the other party), and the multiple vertical solid lines bl to bn indicate the data size transmitted by the sender.
- the circles separating the vertical bars indicate the maximum segment size of TCP, and the data sent from TCP is divided into at most this size before being sent.
- data equivalent to the window size can be sent at once, but to avoid network congestion due to a sudden increase in the rate, a slow start is performed.
- the transmission rate indicated by b1 is transmitted, and upon receiving an ACK response from the other side, the transmission rate is increased as indicated by b2, b3, etc. ( (See A in Fig. 1). In the same way, the transmission speed is increased in the same way, but the limitation due to the slow start is relaxed each time an ACK is received, and the control gradually shifts to window control (see B in Fig. 1). Thus, if the packet is discarded while the transmission is continued at the transmission speed of bn, an ACK response from the other party is not returned, and the retransmission timeout (expressed as RTO: Retran smi ssi on Ti) me— ⁇ ut) occurs.
- RTO Retran smi ssi on Ti
- a laptop is connected via a modem to a mobile terminal that has exploded in voice communication such as a mobile phone or PHS, and data communication over a wireless link is performed.
- Communication modes for communication are also spreading.
- TCP does not take into account the fact that a wireless link is applied to the physical layer, and is a protocol designed on the assumption that the physical line is wired.
- the above-mentioned slow start function is based on the concept of congestion avoidance (Congestions on avoid ance), and aims to recover from congestion by lowering the transmission rate.
- congestion avoidance Congestions on avoid ance
- it is an algorithm introduced based on the assumption that the cause of packet discard is congestion.
- the conventional TCP layer rate control method has a problem that when packet loss occurs, the transmission rate is reduced even if no effect can be expected at all. there were.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a TCP layer rate control method suitable for a wireless environment that can avoid a useless decrease in throughput even in wireless communication. Disclosure of the invention
- the discard of the packet is notified to a layer having a slow start function. ing.
- the packet when discard of a packet transmitted by radio is detected, the packet is retransmitted without performing slow start.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional TCP rate control
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitting device and a receiving device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a system configuration in which the invention of FIG. 3 is implemented.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a first example of a connection configuration to be performed
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a terminal having a wireless function
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a base station having a wireless function
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a first example of a connection configuration to be performed
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a terminal having a wireless function
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a hardware
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process in the wireless layer on the receiving side
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a process in the TCP layer on the receiving side
- FIG. 10 is a second diagram of a connection configuration for performing wireless discard notification.
- FIG. 11 shows an example.
- FIG. 11 is a flow chart showing processing in the base station shown in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another notification method in the connection configuration of FIG. 10
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a process in the base station of FIG. 12
- FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a method of discard notification from the wireless layer to TCP
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a first example of a method of notifying wirelessly of packet discard between terminals
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a second example of a method of notifying a packet discarded by radio between terminals
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a first example of processing of a TCP layer on a transmitting side
- FIG. 19 is a flow chart showing a second example of the processing of the TCP layer on the transmitting side.
- FIG. 20 is a time chart showing the processing of FIG. 19, and FIG. 21.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the connection configuration in FIG. 21, and
- FIG. 23 is a system configuration for performing radio discard notification
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a connection configuration example of FIG. 23, and
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a transmitting device and a receiving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration realized by using the above. BEST MODE FOR
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitting device and a receiving device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmitting device 101 includes a transmitting device 102, a receiving device 103, and a retransmitting device 104
- the receiving device 105 includes a packet discard detecting device 106 and a packet Disposal notification means 107 is provided.
- the transmission device 101 performs communication according to a protocol having a slow start function.
- the transmitting means 102 transmits a bucket via wireless communication by slow start
- the receiving apparatus 105 receives the bucket transmitted from the transmitting means 102.
- the bucket discard detecting means 106 detects whether or not the packet has been discarded.
- the packet discard detection means 106 detects discard of the packet transmitted from the transmission means 102
- the packet discard notification means 107 notifies the transmission device 101 of the discard of the bucket. Notice.
- the retransmitting means 104 retransmits the bucket without performing a mouth-to-mouth start.
- the transmitting device 101 is a transmitting terminal, a base station, or the like.
- 5 is a receiving terminal or a base station.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a transmitting terminal
- 2 is a base station which is connected to the transmitting terminal by wire and communicates with the receiving terminal wirelessly
- 3 is a receiving terminal which communicates with the base station wirelessly.
- 10 of the transmitting terminal 1 is a TCP control unit
- 11 is a radio discard receiving unit
- 12 is a retransmission control unit
- 13 is a transmission rate control unit.
- 30 in the receiving terminal 3 is a radio control unit
- 30 a is a radio discard detection unit provided in the radio control unit 30.
- control is performed by a protocol of the TCP layer.
- the packet transmitted from the base station 2 If there is an error and the receiving terminal 3 cannot recover the error
- the wireless discard is detected by the wireless discard detector 30a of the wireless controller 30.
- the detected discard information is notified from the receiving terminal 3 to the transmitting terminal 1 via the base station 2.
- the transmitting terminal 1 receives the radio discard notification at the radio discard receiving unit 11 of the TCP control unit 10, it drives the retransmission control unit 12.
- the retransmission control unit 12 When the retransmission control unit 12 is started by the radio discard receiving unit 11, the retransmission control unit 12 is discarded using the transmission rate (and window control) and the window size held immediately before in the transmission rate holding unit 13 Retransmitted packets. In this way, when discarding occurs by radio, the slow start function is not operated as in the past, so that the throughput can be improved.
- the transmitting terminal 1 is connected to the base station 2 by wire, and the radio between the base station 2 and the receiving terminal 3 is wireless, but the radio between the transmitting terminal 1 and the base station 2 is wireless. Even in the case of more connections, communication can be performed without using the slow sleep function according to the same principle.
- FIG. 4 shows a system configuration in which the embodiment of FIG. 3 is implemented.
- 1a is a personal computer (called a personal computer)
- lb is a workstation
- 2 is a wireless base station
- 3a is a wireless terminal
- 3b is a PHS terminal that wirelessly communicates with the base station 2
- 3c Is a personal computer (PC) connected to
- 4 is a wired network.
- FIG. 5 shows a first example of a connection configuration for performing wireless discard notification.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a transmitting terminal, which corresponds to the personal computer 1a or workstation 1b in FIG. 4, and 2 denotes a wired connection with the transmitting terminal 1 (including the wired network 4 in FIG. 4).
- the base station 3 connected via) is a receiving terminal that communicates wirelessly with the base station 2, and corresponds to the wireless terminal 3a in FIG. 4 or the personal computer 3b including a PHS.
- FIG. 5 mainly shows a protocol control function provided in each of the terminals 1 and 3 or the base station 2.
- Terminals 1 and 3 each have a protocol control function of mainly four layers, and the second layer (data base).
- Terminal 1 is an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) protocol, which represents a transfer protocol based on cell-based transmission.
- Terminal 3 is a wireless layer (indicated by WL: W ire 1 ess Layer).
- the third layer of terminal 1 and terminal 3 is a protocol based on IP (Internet Protocol 1), the upper layer (transport layer) of IP is a protocol based on TCP, and the highest layer in this example is an application. Layer (denoted by App).
- the base station 2 has a data link layer and a network layer as protocol control functions necessary for realizing the relay function.
- the wired side of the data link layer is an ATM, and the wireless side is a wireless layer (WL). Indicated by: W ireless Layer), and the network layer has the same IP as terminal 1 and terminal 3.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a hardware configuration of the terminal 3 having a wireless function.
- the terminal 3 corresponds to the wireless terminal 3a in FIG. 4, and includes a CPU 34, a protocol control unit 31 for controlling a protocol corresponding to each layer, a memory 32 for storing programs and data, and a wireless interface.
- a bucket sending / receiving unit 33 for sending and receiving packets is provided.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a hardware configuration of the base station 2 having a wireless function.
- Base station 2 It includes a CPU 20, a protocol control unit 21, a memory 22, a bucket transmitting / receiving unit 23 provided for a wireless interface, and a bucket transmitting / receiving unit 24 provided for a wired interface.
- the radio communication between the base station 2 and the receiving terminal 3 may cause a bit error due to the influence of fading or the like. For this reason, a packet having an error correction function such as CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is often added to a packet passing through the wireless section. If the error is large, the error cannot be corrected in the wireless layer (WL) of the receiving terminal 3, and the bucket may be discarded in the wireless layer. That is, the receiving terminal 3 can recognize whether or not bucket discarding due to a radio error has occurred in the radio layer. Therefore, the wireless layer notifies the TCP layer of the packet discard due to a wireless error. A method of notifying the bucket discard by wireless will be described later. Thereby, the control of the TCP layer of the receiving terminal 3 notifies the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal 1 of the bucket discard due to the radio error.
- CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
- the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal 1 When the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal 1 receives the notification of the packet discard due to the radio error, it determines that the packet discard in this case is not due to congestion, and retransmits the packet without performing a slow start. As a result, it is possible to prevent the slow start from working even when congestion does not occur, and it is possible to prevent a useless decrease in throughput.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing processing in the wireless layer on the receiving side.
- the wireless layer (WL) of the terminal 3 on the receiving side in FIG. 5 receives a packet from the base station 2 by radio (step S1), it checks and checks for errors using CRC and the like. If an error is detected, error correction is performed to determine whether the error can be corrected (step S2). If possible, the error is corrected and transmitted to the upper layer (step S3). If it finds out, it discards the received packet (step Step S4), wireless discard is detected (Step S5). In this case, a notification packet for radio discard to the upper layer (TCP layer of terminal 3) is generated (step S6), and the notification packet is transmitted to the upper layer (step S7).
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing processing in the TCP layer on the receiving side.
- the TCP layer of the terminal 3 on the receiving side shown in FIG. 5 sets a flag on when receiving a notification packet of wireless discard from the wireless layer of the terminal 3 (step S11).
- Step S12 it is determined whether ACK (response message to the transmission source) is scheduled (Step S13), and if ACK is not scheduled, ACK is scheduled (Step S14). Thereafter, when an ACK transmission event occurs in the terminal 3 on the receiving side (step S5), it is determined whether or not the flag in step S12 is on (step S16).
- the notification bit (the bit in the ACK, which is determined as a bit indicating radio discard in advance) is set to ON (Step S17), and the ACK is transmitted to the source terminal (Step S18). .
- the bucket discard due to a radio error is notified by using the bit in the ACK header.
- the packet discard can be notified by the packet data. The specific notification method will be described later.
- FIG. 10 shows a second example of a connection configuration for performing wireless discard notification.
- reference numeral 5 denotes a transmitting terminal, which corresponds to the wireless terminal 3a (or the personal computer 3b including the PHS 3c) in FIG. 4, and 6 communicates with the transmitting terminal 5 by radio.
- a base station corresponds to the base station 2 in FIG. 4, and a receiving terminal 7 communicates with the base station 6 by wire, and corresponds to the personal computer 1a or the workstation 1b in FIG.
- transmitting terminal 5 in FIG. 10 has the same hardware configuration as terminal 3 in FIG. 6, and base station 6 has the same hardware configuration as base station 2 in FIG.
- the receiving terminal 7 has the same configuration as the transmitting terminal 1 in FIG.
- packet discard on the radio is recognized in the radio layer (WL) of the base station 6.
- a notification of packet discard is sent from the wireless layer (WL) of the base station 6 to the TCP layer of the receiving terminal 7 in the forward direction (the traveling direction of the signal).
- the notification method of the packet discard will be described later.
- FIG. 11 is a processing flow in the base station 6 corresponding to FIG.
- the base station 6 receives a packet wirelessly from the transmitting terminal 5 (step S21)
- the base station 6 checks the received packet, and if an error of the packet is detected, determines whether error correction by CRC or the like is possible (step S21).
- Step S22) If error correction is possible, send the received packet to the forward direction (terminal 7 on the receiving side in Fig. 10) (step S23) . If error correction is not possible, discard the received packet. Discard (step S24).
- wireless discard is detected (step S25), a notification packet for notifying wireless discard is generated (step S26), and the notification packet is transmitted in the forward direction (step S27).
- FIG. 12 shows another notification method in the second example of the connection configuration.
- the transmitting terminal 5 is connected to the base station 6 by radio and the base station 6 is connected to the receiving terminal 7 by wire.
- the radio device discards the bucket from the radio layer of the base station 6 to the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal 5 in the backward direction (the direction of the transmission source). Notice.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the processing in the base station 6 corresponding to FIG.
- the processing in FIG. 13 is performed in step S 2 of the flow shown in FIG.
- the other processes are the same, only the process of 7 is different. That is, in the case of FIG. 11, the notification packet is transmitted in the forward direction (terminal 7 on the receiving side) (step S28), whereas in the case of FIG. 13, the notification packet is transmitted in the backward direction. (Send to terminal 5) (Step S28).
- FIG. 14 shows a method of discard notification from the wireless layer of the terminal or the base station to the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal or the receiving terminal, and the transmission from the WL layer shown in the configurations of FIGS. 5, 10, and 12 to the TCP layer. It can be used in the discard notification to the layer and the discard notification in the processing flow of FIGS. 8, 11 and 13. That is, this notification packet is newly generated in the radio layer.
- This notification packet has the configuration shown in Fig. 14, and aims at the target terminal in the same way as a general packet. When it arrives at the target terminal, it passes through the WL layer, IP layer, and then to the TCP layer.
- bit string for discard notification which is defined in advance as packet discard by wireless, is described in the payload of the TCP packet.
- FIG. 15 shows a first example of a method of wirelessly discarding a packet between a sending and receiving terminal between TCPs.
- the wireless transmission of the packet discard notification between terminals is used when the packet discarding is notified from the receiving terminal to the transmitting terminal in each of the configurations shown in FIGS. 5 and 10.
- wireless discard is notified using the header of the TCP packet.
- the radio discard is notified by binary "0" and "1" (only one bit indicates whether bucket discard has occurred).
- the radio discard occurs, the ACK of the bucket received before that is sent back, and the radio discard can be notified only by setting the reserved bit, so that the bandwidth can be used effectively.
- FIG. 16 shows a second example of a method of notifying wireless terminals of packet discard between terminals.
- the reserved field of the TCP header is used for notification of radio discard, but it is necessary to change the inside of the header. Therefore, in the notification method of Fig. 16, a bit string defined in advance between the sending and receiving TCPs is inserted into the data part, regardless of the TCP header, and the wireless discard is notified using the data of the TCP packet. Things.
- a bit string defined between terminals in advance using the data part of the TCP packet is used.
- This method is the same as the method of discard notification from the wireless layer in the same terminal to the TCP layer shown in Fig. 14, but by using different bit strings in the data part of the TCP packet, the wireless The notification from the layer to the upper layer and the notification of the TCP layer between terminals can be transmitted simultaneously.
- the terminal 1 on the transmitting side shown in FIG. 5 or the terminal 5 on the transmitting side shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 receives a wireless packet discard notification from the terminals 3, 7 or the base station 6 on the receiving side. Perform retransmission control of transmission.
- the terminals 1 and 5 on the transmitting side can execute different control such as whether or not to execute the timer-one control, which will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 20.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the processing of the TCP layer on the transmitting side
- FIG. 18 is a time chart of the retransmission operation corresponding to FIG.
- the processing in FIG. 17 is composed of two operations. First, when the transmitting terminals 1 and 5 receive the radio discard notification packet from the receiving terminals 3 and 7 or the base station 6 (step S41), Set a radio discard flag (step S42). After this, the timeout of RTO (Retrans smi ssi on Time-Out) from the evening image When an event occurs (step S43), it is determined whether the radio discard flag is on (step S44). If the radio discard flag is on, the slow start is not started (step S45), and the discarded packet is discarded. Is retransmitted (step S46), but if the radio discard flag is not on (including discard due to congestion) (step S46), a slow start is activated (step S47) to discard the discarded packet. Is resent.
- FIG. 18 is a time chart in the case of the processing of FIG. 17. Normally, packet transmission is started with a slot start (see A in FIG. 18), but after receiving the radio discard notification, After a time out due to an RTO event, packet retransmission is started without a slot start, and the window restriction is applied as before (see Fig. 18B).
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing another process of the TCP layer on the transmission side.
- the transmitting terminals 1 and 5 receive the wireless discard notification packet from the receiving terminals 3 and 7 or the base station 6 (step S51), the slots start. Without doing so (step S52), the discarded packet is retransmitted (step S53).
- the RTO timer remains set, there is a possibility that double retransmission will be performed, so the RTO is reset (step S54).
- FIG. 20 is a time chart in the case of the processing of FIG. 19, and the point that transmission of a packet is normally started with a slow start is the same as that of FIG. 18 (see A in FIG. 20).
- Fig. 20 upon receiving the radio discard notification, retransmission is started immediately, and at that time, slow start control is not performed (see part B of Fig. 20). In this case, wasteful waiting time is eliminated as compared with the case according to the time chart of FIG.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a second example of a system configuration for performing wireless discard notification.
- one terminal communicates with the base station 2 by wire, and the other terminal communicates with the base station 2.
- the communication with the base station 2 is performed wirelessly has been described, in the example of FIG. 21, both one terminal and the other terminal wirelessly communicate with the base station.
- FIG. 21 41 is a portable information terminal and 42 is? 1 "13, 43? ⁇
- a notebook PC connected to ⁇ 42, 44 is a base station, and the portable information terminal 41 and the notebook PC 43 communicate wirelessly via the base station 44.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the connection configuration in FIG. 21.
- reference numeral 41a denotes a transmitting terminal that wirelessly communicates with the base station 44a, and corresponds to the portable information terminal 41 in FIG. 21, and a WL layer is provided in the data link layer
- the transport layer has a TCP layer.
- Reference numeral 43a denotes a receiving terminal that wirelessly communicates with the base station 44a.
- the receiving terminal 43a corresponds to the notebook PC 43 including the PHS 42 in FIG. 21, and has a data link layer provided with a WL layer and a transformer.
- the TCP layer is provided in the port layer.
- Reference numeral 44a denotes a base station, which corresponds to the base station 44 in FIG. 21.
- a WL layer is provided on both the transmitting and receiving sides of the data link layer.
- the receiving terminal 43a When the receiving terminal 43a receives the bucket wirelessly transmitted from the transmitting terminal 41a via the base station 44a, the receiving terminal 43a checks whether to discard the bucket. When discarding the packet, the packet discard is transmitted to the TCP layer of the receiving terminal 43a. Upon receiving the packet discard notification, the TCP layer of the receiving terminal 43a notifies the discard of the packet to the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal 41a. When the TCP layer receives the packet discard notification, the transmitting terminal 4la stops the slow start function realized by the protocol of the TCP layer and can retransmit the packet.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a third example of a system configuration for performing wireless discard notification.
- the case where one terminal and the other terminal perform wireless communication via a base station is shown, but in the example of FIG. 23, one terminal and the other terminal And wirelessly communicate with each other without passing through a base station.
- 51 is a notebook computer connected to PHS 52, and 52, 53? 113 and 54 are notebook computers connected to the PHS 53, and the notebook computers 51 and 54 directly communicate with each other by wireless.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of the connection configuration in FIG.
- reference numeral 51a denotes a transmitting-side terminal that performs wireless communication, corresponds to the notebook computer 51 including the PHS 52 in FIG. 23, and has a WL layer provided in the data link layer, A TCP layer is provided in the transport layer.
- Reference numeral 54a denotes a receiving terminal that performs wireless communication, and corresponds to the notebook computer 54 including the PHS 53 shown in FIG. 23.A WL layer is provided in the data link layer and a TCP layer is provided in the transport layer. ing.
- Receiving terminal 54a upon receiving the packet wirelessly transmitted from transmitting terminal 51a, checks whether to discard the packet. When the packet is discarded, the discard of the packet is transmitted to the TCP layer of the receiving terminal 54a. Upon receiving the packet discard notification, the TCP layer of the receiving terminal 54a informs the TCP layer of the transmitting terminal 51a of the discard of the packet. When the TCP layer receives the packet discard notification, the transmitting terminal 51a can stop the slow start function realized by the protocol of the TCP layer and retransmit the packet.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration in which a transmitting device and a receiving device according to one embodiment of the present invention are realized using software.
- reference numeral 61 denotes a central processing unit (CPU) that performs overall processing
- 62 denotes a read-only memory (R ⁇ M)
- 63 denotes a random access memory (RAM)
- 64 denotes a communication interface
- 65 denotes a communication interface.
- Communication network, 66 in and out Input interface, 67 is a display for displaying the transmission data, reception data, etc.
- 68 is a printer for printing the transmission data, reception data, etc.
- 69 is the data temporarily read by the scanner 70.
- 70 is a scanner that reads input images, etc.
- 71 is a keyboard
- 72 is a pointing device such as a mouse
- 73 is a driver that drives a storage medium
- 74 is a hard disk
- 75 is an IC memory card
- 76 is A magnetic tape
- 77 is a floppy disk
- 78 is an optical disk such as CD-ROM or DVD-ROM
- 9 is a bus.
- Communication programs under TCP control, transmission data, reception data, and the like are stored in storage media such as a hard disk 74, an IC memory card 75, a magnetic tape 76, a floppy disk 77, and an optical disk 78. Then, by reading a communication program or the like under TCP control from these storage media into the RAM 63, communication processing can be performed. Further, a communication program under TCP control or the like can be stored in the ROM 62.
- a communication program under TCP control, transmission data, reception data, and the like can be extracted from the communication network 65 via the communication interface 64.
- the communication network 65 connected to the communication interface 64 for example, LAN (Loca1AreaNetwork), WAN (WideAreaNetwork), Inuichi Net, analog Wireless networks such as a telephone network, digital telephone network (ISDN: Integral Service Digi- ter 1 Ne two rk), PHS (personal handy system) and satellite communication can be used.
- the CPU 61 transmits the packet while performing the slow start control.
- the TCP layer receives the notification of the discard of the bucket transmitted by radio
- the slow start control is stopped and the bucket is retransmitted.
- the CPU 61 detects whether or not the bucket is discarded when the bucket is received by the radio layer.
- the packet is discarded, the fact is notified to the TCP layer on the receiving side, and the TCP layer on the receiving side notifies the TCP layer on the transmitting side of the discarding of the bucket.
- a reduction in throughput can be avoided by realizing the rate control of the TCP layer suitable for the radio environment. That is, when a packet is discarded due to radio fading or the like, retransmission can be performed efficiently without lowering the rate by controlling the TCP layer, and is suitable for use in a communication device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99905323A EP1061699A4 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF A TCP PROTOCOL LAYER |
| US09/623,222 US6754200B1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2000-08-25 | Rate control system of TCP layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10/44725 | 1998-02-26 | ||
| JP4472598A JPH11243419A (ja) | 1998-02-26 | 1998-02-26 | Tcpレイヤのレート制御方式 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/623,222 Continuation US6754200B1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 2000-08-25 | Rate control system of TCP layer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999044340A1 true WO1999044340A1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
Family
ID=12699427
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1999/000949 Ceased WO1999044340A1 (en) | 1998-02-26 | 1999-02-26 | Rate control system of tcp layer |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6754200B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1061699A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH11243419A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1999044340A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6754200B1 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
| JPH11243419A (ja) | 1999-09-07 |
| EP1061699A1 (en) | 2000-12-20 |
| EP1061699A4 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
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