WO2000003008A2 - Rekombinante haploide oder diploide yarrowia lipolytica zellen zur funktionellen heterologen expression von cytochrom p450 systemen - Google Patents
Rekombinante haploide oder diploide yarrowia lipolytica zellen zur funktionellen heterologen expression von cytochrom p450 systemen Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
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- the invention relates to recombinant haploid or diploid Yarrowia (Y.) lipolytica cells for the functional heterologous expression of cytochrome P450 (P450) systems, plasmids for transforming the cells, a method for producing the cells and the use of these for converting substances.
- Y. recombinant haploid or diploid Yarrowia
- P450 cytochrome P450
- Monooxygenases of the cytochrome P450 type are common in organisms on the entire phylogenetic scale. They catalyze NAD (P) H and independent reactions in a variety of anabolic and catabolic pathways.
- Cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyze the oxidation of numerous physiological substrates such as steroids, fatty acids, eicosanoids and others. Lipid metabolites. Many forms of P450 metabolize xenobiotics such as drugs, alcohol, procarcinogens, antioxidants, organic solvents and anesthetics. The primary sequences of more than 600 different P450 forms are currently known. They are combined into a super gene family (CYP) based on characteristic sequence features (reviews by Nelson et al. 1993 DNA Cell Biol 12: 1-38; Nelson et al. 1996 Pharmacogenetics 6: 1-42).
- P450 systems are characterized by their high regio- and stereoselectivity and by the oxidation of a wide variety of mostly hydrophobic substrates. P450-catalyzed biotransformation reactions are therefore of particular interest for biotechnological applications.
- heterologous expression of cytochrome P450 cDNA's or genes in a suitable host is a promising way to use the variety of the catalytic activity of P450 enzymes in biotransformation systems.
- yeasts are well suited due to their eukaryotic cell structure to functionally actively expand ER-bound P450 forms. Furthermore, due to their relatively simple technological handling and genetic and genetic engineering manipulation, they offer favorable conditions for the creation of biotransformation systems.
- the yeast cells can also be used as "recombinant cell factories" Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has so far been used mainly for the functional heterologous expression of membrane-bound P450 forms from suckers, plants and eukaryotic microorganisms to high cell concentrations (high cell density fermentation) and used for biotransformation
- ADH1- Promotors (Oeda et al 1985 DNA 4 203-210) were a large number of different P450 forms (ER-standing and mitochondrial P450 isoforms) in S cerevisiae under the control of various strong promoters (ADH1, CUP1, PH05, GAL7, GAL10, GAL-CYC , PGK et al.) Functionally expanded (reviews by Yabusaki and Oh
- the yeast S cerevisiae has the disadvantage that the relatively low concentrations and activities of its own microsomal electron transport components (NADPH-P450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b 5 reductase, cytochrome b 5 ) can become a limiting factor for the catalytic activity of high concentrations of a heterologous P450 Therefore, different strategies and successes were attempted to increase the effectiveness of the microsomal electron transfer to the P450 - by additional expression of the genes of different NADPH-P450 reductases and in selected cases of cytochrome b 5 or by fusion of the reductase and P450 structural genes ( Urban et al 1990 Biochemie 72 463-472, Sanglard et al 1990 Biocatalysis 4 19-28, Sakaki et al 1990 DNA Cell Biol 9 603-614, Yabusaki and Ohkawa 1991 In Frontiers in Biotransformation, Ruckpaul K, Rein H, eds, Vol 4, pp 87-126, Akade
- Saccharomyces yeasts A particular disadvantage of Saccharomyces yeasts is the relatively low absorption capacity or absorption rate for lipophilic compounds such as fatty acids and alkanes (Kohlwein and Paltauf 1984 Biochim Biophys Acta 792 310-317, Dell'Angeiica et al 1992 Comp Biochem Physiol 102B 261-265, Dell'Angeiica et al 1996 Biochem Mol biol Int 39 439-445)
- the catalytic performance of heterologous P450 in S cerevisiae is therefore usually low, which is evident from a insufficient substrate and electron transport in this yeast is related.
- yeast Kluyveromyces lactis functional expression, but with low activity, of P450 scc and of adrenodoxin under the control of the lactase promoter has been reported (Mencke et al. 1990, 19th th FEBS meeting, Budapest August 1990, abstracts).
- the alkane-utilizing yeasts e.g. Candida maltosa, C. tropicalis or Y. lipolytica
- Candida maltosa e.g. Candida maltosa, C. tropicalis or Y. lipolytica
- Y. lipolytica e.g. Candida maltosa, C. tropicalis or Y. lipolytica
- Well-developed host-vector systems are available for the yeasts Y. lipolytica and C.
- Candida yeasts are overall not very suitable hosts for the functional heterologous expression (Zimmer and Schunck 1995 Yeast 11: 33-41; Sugiyame et al Yeast 11: 43-52; overview in Mauersberger et al. 1996 Chapter 12.
- Candida maltosa In: Non-conventional Yeasts in Biotechnology, Wolf K, ed, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 411 -580). The C.
- maltosa system is therefore only good for the expression of homologous P450 under the control of the homologous promoters GAL1-GAL10, PGK1 and ALK suitable, but not for the expression of heterologous proteins (Ohkuma et al. 1995 Biochim Biophys Acta 1236: 163-169).
- the alkane-utilizing yeast Y. lipolytica has been intensively investigated biochemically, genetically and molecular biologically in the past years (reviews in Weber and Barth 1988, CRC Crit Rev Biotechnol 7: 281-337; Gaillardin and Heslot 1988 J Basic Microbiol 28: 161-174; Barth and Gaillardin 1996 Chapter 10 Yarrowia lipolytica In: Wolf K / Ed / Non-conventional Yeasts in Biotechnology, Springer Verlag Berlin, pp 313-388; Barth and Gaillardin 1997 FEMS Microbiol Rev 19: 219-237).
- Another problem is the fact that natural high-copy plasmids as found in S. cerevisiae are not known in Y. lipolytica and only artificial, autonomously replicating low-copy plasmids exist.
- the autonomously replicating plasmids of the type plNA237 (LEU2 CEN-ARS18) or plNA443 (URA3 ARS68-CEN) carry / ARS / CE / V sequences and therefore only occur with 1-2 copies per cell. Plasmids carrying only the / ARS sequences can occur with multiple copies per cell.
- transformants carrying such plasmids are relative unstable and lose these plasmids after a few generation changes (Fournier et al.
- Plasmids that are integrated into the genome are characterized by high stability even under non-selective cultivation conditions.
- the known plasmids of this type are generally integrated into the mutated genes Ieu2, Iys5, ura3 or xpr2 [locus: mutated genes LEU2, LYS5, URA3 or XPR2] and complement the corresponding mutation. These plasmids are integrated into the genome as a copy.
- the vectors suitable as integrative multi-copy plasmids carry the selection marker gene URA3, the promoter function of which is restricted by deletion (URA3d).
- URA3d the promoter function of which is restricted by deletion
- the first integrative multi-copy plasmids plNA764 to plNA774 described for Y. lipolytica (Le Dali et al. 1994 Curr Genet 26: 38-44; Barth and Gaillardin 1996 Chapter 10 Yarrowia lipolytica In: Wolf K / Ed / Non-conventional Yeasts in Biotechnology, Springer Verlag Berlin, pp 313-388; Barth and Gaillardin 1997 FEMS Microbiol Rev 19: 219-237) are incorporated into the chromosomal repetitive sequences of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA G unit, Fournier et al. 1986 Gene 42: 273-282) integrated.
- the URA3d gene whose deleted promoter regions are only 41 to 6 base pairs "upstream" from the start codon ATG, serves as the selection marker gene.
- the average stable copy number is between 5 (plNA767) and 13 (plNA772) copies per cell. With plasmid plNA773, originally 20-60 copies per cell could be integrated.
- a decisive disadvantage of these plasmids is that no stable copy numbers could be obtained under inducing and non-selective expression conditions or the integrated plasmid copies were lost.
- a further disadvantage of these plasmids is the use of the plasmid pBR322 as a base vector for the amplification in E. coli, which requires a low number of plasmids, which can only be increased by adding chloramphenicol. This makes the extraction of the plasmids more complex and lengthy.
- the plasmids plNA1066 and plNA1067 are suitable for the expression of homologous and heterologous proteins under the control of the XP 2 promoter.
- these plasmids also have the same disadvantages as the vectors pNA776 to pNA773. Furthermore, they have no "multiple cloning site".
- the expression cassette can be completed using the interfaces Srfl, Apa ⁇ and BglU. An exchange of expression cassettes for the expression of proteins under the control of other promoters is only possible in several cloning steps. It is therefore of great interest to develop plasmids which allow an exchange of DNA modules (expression cassettes, gene banks, etc.) and are suitable for multiple integration into the genome.
- the task now is to provide a new, easy-to-use system for the heterologous functional expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the yarrow Yarrowia lipolytica.
- the object is achieved by recombinant haploid or diploid Y. lipolytica cells with the features mentioned in claim 1.
- Advantageous configurations of the cells result from the dependent subclaims 2 to 11.
- the invention is further solved by plasmids for the production of recombinant haploid or diploid Y. lipolytica cells with the features mentioned in claim 12.
- Advantageous designs of the plasmids result from the dependent subclaims 13 to 19.
- the invention is also achieved by a method for producing recombinant haploid or diploid Y. lipolytica cells with the features mentioned in claim 20.
- Advantageous variants of the method result from the dependent subclaims 21 to 23.
- Uses of the recombinant haploid or diploid Y. lipolytica cells are described in claims 24 and 25.
- new low-copy and high-copy plasmids suitable for autonomous replication or for the multiple integration of expression cassettes which are under the control of an adjustable promoter (for example the ICL1 gene, coding for the isocitrate lyase) of the yeast Y. lipolytica recombinant haploid or diploid Y. lipolytica cells are produced.
- an adjustable promoter for example the ICL1 gene, coding for the isocitrate lyase
- yeast Y. lipolytica recombinant haploid or diploid Y. lipolytica cells are produced. It was surprisingly found that these plasmids integrate with a high copy number into the genome and can be obtained in Yarrowia // o / yf / ca transformants regardless of the integration sites and cultivation conditions.
- the cells obtained in this way are suitable for the microbial oxidation of hydrophobic compounds and, by simple cultivation of the recombinant yeasts, lead to good yields of the oxidation product, in particular steroids and other hydrophobic compounds.
- the yeast V. lipolytica is changed by transformation with new expression vectors (plasmids carrying expression cassettes) into the genome in such a way that Y. lipolytica cells are able, by simple culture control on media with a suitable carbon source, for the functional expression of heterologous proteins, in particular cytochrome P450 Enzymes to get.
- heterologous proteins in particular cytochrome P450 Enzymes to get.
- the plasmids also provide vectors which are easy to handle and which can be stably integrated into the genome of the yeast Y. lipolytica in high copy numbers and thereby allow the concentration of the protein to be expressed heterologously to be increased.
- a particular advantage of these plasmids is that The presence of a "multiple cloning site", so that different types of DNA modules (expression cassettes) can be inserted into the vectors quickly and easily.
- the plasmids can be integrated into the repetitive sequences of Y. lipolytica (LTR element ZETA, rDNA cluster). The task is solved in an advantageous manner by constructing suitable plasmids for multiple integration into the genome of Y. lipolytica and thereby increasing the number of copies of expression cassettes with controllable strong promoters (for example ICL1 promoter).
- the expression cassettes for the heterologous expression of proteins in Y. lipolytica consisting of the functionally active promoter and terminator (for example from ICL1) and the heterologous genes to be expressed, are converted into autonomously replicating low-copy plasmids or integrative high-copy plasmids the yeast is transformed and expressed.
- the object is advantageously achieved by monooxygenase systems which consist of cytochrome P450 and corresponding NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, which are simultaneously expressed in Y. lipolytica.
- monooxygenase systems consist of cytochrome P450 and corresponding NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, which are simultaneously expressed in Y. lipolytica.
- a homologous or heterologous NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase can also be co-expressed with the P450 under the control of a suitable promoter.
- the hydrophobic compounds are brought into the culture solution from such genetically modified Y. lipolytica cells, as a result of which the expressed enzymes bring about selective hydroxylation. After the reaction, the hydroxylation products are separated off.
- the transformants of the yeast Y. lipolytica used for the invention can be cultivated on long- and medium-chain n-alkanes or ethanol for the induction of the expression of the heterologous genes.
- Preferred enzyme systems are steroid hydroxylating cytochrome P450 forms, a NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase from Y. lipolytica or other origin.
- the recombinant yeast cells cultured on n-alkane in particular show the highest specific conversion rates (per cell or per molecule of P450 enzyme) for the substrate progesterone in 17 ⁇ -hydroxy-progesterone in comparison with cells cultivated on ethanol.
- the hydrophobic substrates in particular steroid compounds, are treated in cultures of intact cells (cell suspensions).
- the substances to be hydroxylated are finely ground to the cell cultures or added dissolved in organic solvents, for example hexadecane or ethanol. The process is carried out at low temperatures between 28-32 ° C.
- the conversion of at least 0.22 g substrate / L cell culture is usually largely completed after 10 to 30 hours of culture.
- the reaction is terminated by direct extraction of the culture fluid with isobutyl methyl ketone (MiBK) or dichloromethane (DCM) or after acidification with dilute sulfuric acid.
- the conversion can be checked by means of chromatography during the cultivation period.
- Contents of the invention are recombinant Yarrowia lipolytica transformants and the new vectors pBD64, p64zb, pBD67 and p67zb or their derivatives with a promoter p64ICLpro and p67ICLpro or functional expression cassettes (for example p64IL43, p67IL43, p64IC17 ⁇ or p67IC17 ⁇ ) into the gene of multiple integration Y. lipolytica are suitable.
- the structure of these vectors is shown in Fig. 3-7.
- the production of the recombinant Yarrowia // po / yfrca transformants is advantageously solved by the construction of a series of new vectors based on an E. co // vector with a multiple cloning site, which contains a marker gene for the selection of multi-copy transformants and others contain chromosomal DNA segments from Y. lipolytica, which are used for multiple integration into the genome of the yeast Y. lipolytica.
- vectors carry the ampicillin resistance gene (amp R ) as selection markers for the amplification of the plasmid DNA in E. coli and can be easily prepared from E. coli in high yields due to their high copy number.
- the sequences for integration into the genome of the yeast Y. lipolytica (rDNA, ZETA) and the selection marker gene URA3d4 are obtained by cloning from the plasmids plNA1064 and plNA1067 (Fig. 2). DNA modules, for example expression cassettes, can be cloned into the "multiple cloning site" well.
- the resulting basic plasmids pBD64 (rDNA) and pBD67 (LTR ZETA, Figs. 3 and 4) according to the invention can be easily obtained in an advantageous embodiment of the invention in a few steps
- Expression cassettes preconstructed into the "multiple cloning site" consisting of a strong and easily regulated homologous promoter (eg ICL 7 promoter), a heterologous gene (eg lacZ or CYP17) and a homologous terminator (eg ICL1 terminator), easy to insert
- a strong and easily regulated homologous promoter eg ICL 7 promoter
- a heterologous gene eg lacZ or CYP17
- a homologous terminator eg ICL1 terminator
- these new plasmids are then used for the multiple integration of the expression cassettes into the genome (chromosomal sequences of the rDNA or LTR ZETA) from V lipolytica.
- the transformants produced in this way have a stable copy number of the expression cassettes (from about 10-14)
- they show a significantly higher expression of heterologous proteins compared to autonomously replicating plasmids (copy number 1-2), as is the case for the reporter protein ß-galactosidase (lacZ gene from E coli, Fig. 11) and the cytochrome P45017 ⁇ (CYP17 gene of the Beef, Fig. 13-14) can be shown
- a special feature important for the implementation of the invention is that the transformants obtained can be crossed with other Y lipolytica strains with a high copy number of the expression cassettes. This enables advantageous natural traits to be crossed or the expression cassettes of at least two heterologous genes to be co-expressed in one host
- diploid strains obtained in this way are also distinguished by the stability of the expression cassettes and, surprisingly, are particularly well suited to the P450-catalyzed biotransformation during growth on n-alkane and ethanol
- the method according to the invention with recombinant Y lipolytica cells is distinguished by high hydroxylation rates.
- the steroid progesterone is characterized by Y. lipolytica better than with the previously investigated recombinant cells of S. cerevisiae, which also express a steroid hydroxylating P45017 ⁇ .
- Yarrowia lipolytica strains B204-12A-213 (MATB Ieu2 ura3 leaky) PO1 d (MATA leu2-270 ura3-302 xpr2-322 SUC2)
- T4 PO1 d p67IC17 ⁇ T4
- T4 for short integrative transformants T4 of the strain PO1d with the plasmid p67IC17 ⁇ (URA3d4 ZETA) linearized in the ZETA element, which is approx. 8-10 Copies of the expression cassette
- A1-5 (MATB with Alk + ) natural isolate.
- A15T4 Alk + , prototrophic) - diploid strain, created by crossing the two parent strains A1-5 (MATB met ' Alk * ) PO1 d (p67IC17 ⁇ T4) Saccharomyces cerevisiae: GRF18 (MAT ⁇ his3-11 his3-15 leu2-3 Ieu2-112 can R )
- YEp51 (Broach JR, Li YY, Wu L-CC, Jayaram M, 1983, Vectors for high-level inducible expression of cloned genes in yeast. In: Experimental Manipulation of Gene Expression [Inoye M, ed], Academic Press New York, 83-117) contains the LEU2 gene of this yeast as a selection marker, the GAL1-GAL 7O promoter and sequences from the 2 ⁇ plasmid of S cerevisiae as a termination area and for ensuring high levels (50-100) copy numbers of these ARS plasmids YEp5117 ⁇ (high-copy plasmid, see Fig.
- the copy number of this vector in Y lipolytica is 1 -3 per cell (Fournier et al 1993 Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 90 4912-4916)
- plNA1064 and plNA1067 are based on the E co // vector pBR322 and carry the multi-copy selection marker gene URA3d4.
- the l / P43 promoter consists of 8
- the plNA1064 carries the rDNA sequence for the integrative transformation into the host's rDNA sequence (G unit) (Fournier et al 1986 Gene 42 273-282).
- the plNA1067 carries the sequence of the LTR ZETA (long terminal repeat) of the retrotransposon Ylt1 from Y lipolytica (Le Dali et al 1995 abstract "First Yarrowia lipolytica International Meeting” Pans-G ⁇ gnon)
- the cDNA for the CYP17 was obtained from the plasmid pCMV17 ⁇ (J Biol Chem 266 5898-5904, 1991) and encoded for the cytochrome P45017 ⁇ of the adrenal gland Beef. This plasmid was kindly provided by Prof. M. Waterman (Vanderbilt University Nashville).
- M Minimal medium (M) for the cultivation of Y. lipolytica in the fermenter (Scheller U et al. 1996 Methods Enzymol 272: 65-75).
- the E co // vector pUCBM21 was completely digested with the restriction endonuclease ⁇ / del.
- the single-stranded ends of the digested DNA were treated with polymerase I (Klenow fragment) padded.
- the DNA was cleaved with ßamHI.
- the vector prepared in this way was ligated in each case with the EcoRI / ⁇ amHI fragments from the vectors plNA1064 (3178 bp) and plNA1067 (2423 bp).
- the vectors pNA1064 and 1067 (Fig. 2) were digested with EcoRI and the single-stranded ends were filled in with the Klenow fragment.
- the DNA was then digested with ßamHI.
- the resulting vectors are the plasmids pBD64 (with rDNA as the target sequence) and pBD67 (with ZETA element as the target sequence) (FIG. 3). These plasmids were now suitable for incorporating DNA fragments (eg expression cassettes) into the "multiple cloning site”.
- the plasmids p64ICLpro and p67ICLpro (carry ICL 7 promoter)
- the plasmids pBD64, pBD67 and pYLI131 D (Juretzek et al. 1997 DE 195 25 282 A1) were digested with the residual endonucleases ßamHI and Kpnl.
- the 2162 bp ßamHI / pni fragment containing the ICL1 promoter was ligated with the pnl / ßamHI opened plasmids pBD64 and pBD67.
- the resulting vectors were p64ICLpro and p67ICLpro.
- These plasmids contain the ICL1 promoter (Fig. 5).
- the plasmids p64ICLpro and p67ICLpro were digested with ßamHI and then dephosphorylated.
- the 3833 bp ⁇ amHI fragment was isolated from the plasmid plL43 (Juretzek et al. 1995 DE 195 25 282 A1) and ligated to the opened vectors.
- the resulting plasmids were p64IL43 and p67IL43 (Fig. 6) and contain the expression cassette / C - / - promoter // acZ gene // C • / terminator.
- cytochrome P45017 ⁇ from the bovine adrenal cortex
- the cloning of the expression cassette for the heterologous expression of CYP17 (bovine) under the control of the ICL 1 promoter was carried out in several partial steps, by recloning the CYP17 cDNA into the vector pYLI131 D and by amplifying DNA which indicated the correct fusion of the CYP17 ORF enables the ICL 7 promoter.
- the part of the CYP17 cDNA coding for the C-terminus was extracted from the vector YEp5117 ⁇ (Fig.
- Amplification ICL 7 promoter / intron fragment Primer 1, 5'-TAGATCTGGGGATCCCCAGTAGACTGACCAAGC-3 '; Primer 2, 5'-CACTGGGTTAGTACGGG-3 '.
- Amplification of the CYP17 fragment :
- the fragments were recombined at overlapping sequences and amplified with primers 1 and 4.
- the recombined PCR product was inserted into the preliminary construct as a ⁇ gr / II fragment and the autonomously replicating low-copy vector plC17 ⁇ (FIG. 9) was obtained.
- the vectors p64IC17 ⁇ and p67IC17 ⁇ were obtained by cloning as an ul / pnl fragment into the vectors p64IL43 or p67IL43 (FIG. 6).
- the vectors pBD64 and pBD67 were partially hydrolyzed with the restriction endonuclease Hind ⁇ , the free DNA ends were filled in with the enzyme Klenow fragment and religated.
- the plasmids with a / - // ndlll site in the multiple cloning site were isolated and hydrolyzed again with H / ndlll.
- the linearized fragments were dephosphorylated and ligated with H / ' ll digested PCR fragments described below.
- the corrective vectors p64zb and p67zb were isolated.
- the PCR fragment for insertion into the vector pBD64 was amplified from the same plasmid with the oligonucleotides 5'-attaagcttcggtatgataggaagag-3 'and 5'-tggaagcttgggagaccccaagg-3'.
- the oligonucleotides 5'-tgtaagcttcgtacgggagagttagtcatccgac-3 'and 5'-aagaagcttaagggaggtgtcctgtccac-3' the plasmid pBD67 was used to synthesize the PCR fragment for insertion into the vector pBD67.
- the third ⁇ / of1 site (plasmid p67zb) or Sacll site (plasmid p64zb) must be eliminated by inserting expression cassettes into the multiple cloning site since hydrolysis with the respective enzymes involves the separation of the E. co // - containing DNA is done.
- the total DNA of the investigated transformants was isolated and completely digested with ßamHI.
- the DNA obtained in this way was separated by gel electrophoresis in 0.8% agarose and blotted on a nylon membrane.
- 32 P-radioactively labeled DNA of the known ICL 7 intron from Y. lipolytica was used as the probe.
- the distribution of the radioactivity and its intensity was analyzed by means of the phosphorimager "Storm" (MD).
- the copy number was determined from the ratio of the intensity of the 3833 bp band (integrated / acZ expression cassette) and the 2281 bp band (chromosomal homologous ICL1 gene).
- the number of copies found was between 4 and 38 copies per cell (Fig. 10).
- the average number of copies is 10 to 14 copies per cell.
- Transformants with lower number of copies grew more slowly than the wild type.
- Transformants with average or higher number of copies grew comparatively quickly to the wild type.
- Embodiment 9 Expression of the ⁇ -galactosidase activity of multi-copy transformants
- the transformants were pre-cultivated on selection medium with glucose for 28 h at 28 ° C. and after washing twice with medium without a C source on selection medium with ethanol to form the ⁇ -galactosidase implemented.
- the optical density (OD 6 oo) at the start of the induction was 0.7-1.
- samples were taken every 30 minutes for 13 hours (Reynolds and Lundblad 1994 In: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Ausubel et al. / Eds / J Wiley, New York, Vol 2, Unit 13.6. 1 ).
- the expression of the ⁇ -galactosidase was determined using the low-copy expression system plL43 (Juretzek et al. 1995 D195 25 282 A1) in the strain PO1 d (Fig. 11).
- transformants were cultivated in non-selective full medium (YPD), in minimal medium YNB with uracil and glucose and in minimal medium with uracil and ethanol over 20 generations. The number of copies was determined as in point 5. After 20 generations, the tested transformants carried as many copies as the original transformants. Transformants with 10 to 14 copies per cell grow normally and the copy numbers are stable in the cell population.
- the cells in the shake flask were in Minimal medium (M) cultivated with inducing and non-inducing C sources. At the time of starting the main culture and every 3 h for 25 h, samples were taken and the OD 6 oo was adjusted to an OD 6 oo of 2 to 4 by adding the appropriate medium. 100 nmol of 3 H-progesterone (dissolved in ethanol) were added to 1 ml of this dilution and the cultures were cultured in a shaking incubator at 28 ° C. and 240 rpm for 30 min and 60 min, respectively.
- M Minimal medium
- 3 H-progesterone dissolved in ethanol
- the diploid strain A15T4 was generated by crossing the strains A1-5 and T4 (diploidization according to Barth and Gaillardin 1996) The dimorphic fungus Yarrowia lipolytica. in: Nonconventional Yeasts in Biotechnology, Wolf K, ed, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp 313-388). This strain was used to convert progesterone to 17 ⁇ -hydroxprogesterone in a 1 liter bioreactor (Fig. 15).
- M Minimal medium (M) for the cultivation of Y. lipolytica in the fermenter (Scheller U et al. Methods in Enzymology 272: 65-75 1996).
- Variant A 1) 900 ml M (0.2% glucose) - Start with 100 ml 2nd preculture Start-ODeoo approx. 1 -1.5
- Fig. 1 Detection of the repetitive sequences rDNA and ZETA in different Y. // po / yf / ca strains by Southern hybridization.
- chromosomal DNA 0.5 ⁇ g was digested with the restriction enzyme EcoRI and separated by gel electrophoresis.
- the ZETA sequence (A) from the plasmid p67ICLpro or rDNA (G-Unit) sequence (B) from the plasmid p64ICLpro were used as fluorescein-labeled probes.
- Fig. 2 Restriction maps of the starting plasmids for the construction of new vectors for multi-copy integration into the genome of Y. lipolytica.
- the plasmid plNA1067 contains the URA3d4 gene, which is greatly shortened in the promoter region, as a selection marker for the multi-copy integration, the sequence of the ZETA element of the LTR (long terminal repeat) from the retrotransposon Ylt1 from Y. lipolytica as the destination for the integration and the promoter and Terminator of the XPR2 gene, the alkaline protease from Y lipolytica.
- the plasmid plNA1064 contains a fragment from the rDNA gene (G unit) from Y. lipolytica for integration into the genome. Both plasmids were developed by Dr. J.-M. Nicaud (INRA-CNRS, Thiveral-Grignon, France) received.
- Fig. 3 Restriction maps of the newly constructed basic plasmids pBD67 and pBD64 for multi-copy integration into the genome of Y. lipolytica.
- the plasmids are based on the E coli vector pUCBM21. They carry the URA3d4 gene, which is defective in the promoter, as a multi-copy selection marker.
- the plasmid pBD64 is suitable for integration into the rDNA (G unit), the plasmid pBD67 can be used for integration into the LTR element ZETA (long terminal repeat) of the retrotransposon Ylt1.
- rDNA rDNA fragment from Y. lipolytica G unit
- URA3d4 defective URA3 gene from Y. lipolytica
- amp R ampicillin resistance gene
- ZETA LTR (long terminal repeat) of the retrotransposon Ylt1.
- Vector is based on the plasmid pBD67 (Fig. 3) and additionally carries a shortened ZETA element. After digestion with the residual endonuclease ⁇ / of1, the DNA originating from the bacterium E coli can be separated.
- URA3d4 selection marker
- ZETA LTR of the retrotransposon Ylt1 from Yarrowia lipolytica
- ZETA ' part of the LTR of the retrotransposon Ylt1 from Yarrowia lipolytica amp R - ampicillin resistance gene
- Fig. 5 Restriction maps of the multi-copy vectors p64ICLpro and p67ICLpro.
- the plasmid p64ICLpro contains the rDNA fragment and the ⁇ JRA3d4 gene from plNA1064 and the ICL - / - promoter.
- the Sac // site in the rDNA can be used to linearize the plasmid for an integrative transformation into the rDNA cluster (G unit).
- the plasmid p67ICLpro contains the ZETA element and the URA3d4 gene from the plasmid plNA1067 and the / CL 7 promoter.
- the NotI site can be used to open the plasmid for subsequent integration into the ZETA elements of the LTR (long terminal repeat of the retrotransposon Ylt1) of the host genome.
- Heterologous genes (lacZ or CYP17) can easily be inserted into these plasmids after fusion with the ICL1 terminator. This creates complete expression cassettes in the derived plasmids (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, explanations of the abbreviations see also Fig 3)
- Fig. 6 Restriction maps of the multi-copy vectors p64IL43 and p67IL43 for the heterologous expression of the lacZ gene from E. coli in the yeast Y. lipolytica.
- the vectors are based on the plasmids pBD64 and pBD67 (see FIG. 3) and carry the expression cassette for the lacZ gene under the control of the ICL1 promoter and terminator.
- RDNA rDNA fragment from Y lipolytica G unit
- URA3d4 defective URA3 gene
- amp R ampicillin resistance gene
- ICLpro / C ⁇ promoter
- ICLI ICL1- ⁇ ntron
- ICLt / C / _ 7 " terminator
- ZETA LTR ZETA (long terminal repeat) of the retrotransposon Ylt1 from Y lipolytica Fig.
- the vectors are based on the plasmids pBD64 and pBD67 (see FIG. 3) and carry the expression cassette for the CYP17 P450 gene under the control of the ICL1 promoter and terminator. Explanations of the abbreviations see Fig. 6.
- Fig. 8 Transformation efficiency of competent cells from the strains PO1d and E129 cells were transformed with 200 ng linearized plasmid DNA and 5.0 ⁇ g carrier DNA. The transformants were observed after 3-14 days.
- Fig. 9 Restriction maps of the autonomously replicating plasmids YEp5117 ⁇ and plC17 ⁇ for the heterologous expression of the cytochrome P45017 ⁇ of the adrenal gland of the bovine in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- the vector YEp5117 ⁇ was developed by Dr. W.-H. Schunck (MDC Berlin-Buch) provided.
- the cDNA for the CYP17 from the plasmid pCMV17 ⁇ was cloned in several steps into the high-copy yeast shuttle vector YEp51 (LEU2, 2 ⁇ ARS, copy numbers from 50-100).
- the vector YEp5117 ⁇ allows galactose-inducible expression of P45017 ⁇ in the yeast S. cerevisiae under the control of the GAL10 promoter.
- the cDNA for the CYP17 was obtained from the plasmid pCMV17 ⁇ (J Biol Chem 266: 5898-5904, 1991) and codes for the cytochrome P45017 ⁇ of the bovine adrenal gland. This plasmid was kindly provided by Prof. M. Waterman (Vanderbilt University Milwaukee).
- the plasmid plC17 ⁇ is based on the autonomously replicating Iow copy vector plNA237 (ARS18 / CEN, ensures 1-3 copies per cell) for Y. lipolytica and contains an expression cassette for the cytochrome P45017 ⁇ (CYP17) under the control of the ICL1 promoter (ICLp / ICLi / CYP77 / ICLt).
- the cDNA CYP17 coding for the cytochrome P45017 ⁇ of the bovine, was used in several steps in the Iow-copy vector pYLI131 D for Y. lipolytica instead of the ICL1 structural gene.
- the cDNA was recombinant PCR directly at the T 3 6oG 3 6i of the 3 'end of the Introns fused in the ICL - / - promoter.
- the resulting plasmid plC17 ⁇ allows expression of the P45017 ⁇ under the control of the regulated ICL1 promoter after correct splicing of the intron and reforming of the translation start
- Fig. 10 Copy numbers of the expression cassettes for the lacZ gene under the control of the ICL1 promoter in integrative multi-copy transformants of the Y. lipolytica strain PO1d with the plasmid p64IL43.
- Selected transformants with the integrative plasmid p64IL43 were cultivated in YNB / glucose medium.
- the copy number was determined by Southern blot hybridization with the 32 P-labeled ICL 7 intron as a probe.
- the copy number was calculated from the ratio of the band intensity at 3.8 kb (lacZ cassette) and 2.2 kb (ICL1 as one copy per genome).
- a transformant with the autonomously replicating ARS / CEN plasmid plL43 served as a comparison.
- Fig. 11 Dependence of the maximum specific ß-galactosidase activity on the copy number of the expression cassettes in transformants from Yarrowia lipolytica PO1d, which were transformed by the Iow-copy replicative plasmid plL43 or by the multi-copy integrative plasmid p64IL43.
- a comparison of the maximum specific ß-galactosidase activities after 10 to 12 h of cultivation in minimal medium with 1% ethanol as an inducing C source is shown.
- the ⁇ -galactosidase activity was determined as Miller units.
- the copy number of the expression cassette was determined in each transformant with cells from the glucose preculture (cf. FIG. 10).
- Fig. 12 Evidence of the functional expression of cytochrome P45017 ⁇ of the adrenal gland in a transformant of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica with the Iow-copy ARS / CEN plasmid plC17 ⁇ under the control of the ICL "/ promoter.
- Fig. 13 Comparison of the expression systems for cytochrome P45017 ⁇ in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (Iow-copy plasmid plC17 ⁇ and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (multi-copy plasmid YEp5117 ⁇ ) when using autonomously replicating plasmids.
- Fig. 14 Comparison of the specific content of cytochrome P45017 ⁇ after heterologous expression in the yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae of plasmids with a high copy number.
- Fig. 15 Cultivation of the diploid Yarrowia lipolytica strain A15T4 on hexadecane (C16) and biotransformation of progesterone in 17 ⁇ -hydroxy-progesterone. Pre-culture on 1% glucose, culture in 1 L bioreactor on 1% C16. After 14 h of cultivation, add 0.5 g of progesterone in 10 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) and add 2% of C16.
- DMF dimethylformamide
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19830905.8 | 1998-07-10 | ||
| DE19830905 | 1998-07-10 |
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| WO2000003008A2 true WO2000003008A2 (de) | 2000-01-20 |
| WO2000003008A3 WO2000003008A3 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
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| PCT/DE1999/002174 Ceased WO2000003008A2 (de) | 1998-07-10 | 1999-07-09 | Rekombinante haploide oder diploide yarrowia lipolytica zellen zur funktionellen heterologen expression von cytochrom p450 systemen |
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| WO (1) | WO2000003008A2 (de) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6351745B1 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 2002-02-26 | Netzero, Inc. | Communication system for distributing such message as advertisement to user of terminal equipment |
| US6639608B1 (en) | 1996-01-23 | 2003-10-28 | Yuichiro Itakura | System for displaying two independent images received from network |
| WO2004009828A1 (de) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-29 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verfahren zur biotechnologischen herstellung von citronensäure mit einer genetisch veränderten hefe yarrowia lipolytica |
| US6711551B1 (en) | 1996-06-05 | 2004-03-23 | Netzero, Inc. | Information provider, terminal and system and recording medium for the terminal |
| CN114807182A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-29 | 天津大学 | 降解长链烷烃的酵母菌株及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19963690A1 (de) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-06-13 | Rhein Biotech Proz & Prod Gmbh | Vektoren und Verfahren zur Herstellung rekombinanter Proteine in Pilzen |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19507546C2 (de) * | 1995-03-03 | 2001-05-03 | Max Delbrueck Centrum | Verfahren zur regioselektiven Hydroxylierung von langkettigen Alkanen, Fettsäuren und anderen Alkylverbindungen |
| DE19525282A1 (de) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-01-02 | Max Delbrueck Centrum | Expressionskassetten zur heterologen Expression von Proteinen in der Hefe Yarrowia lipolytica unter Kontrolle des regulierbaren Promotors der Isocitratlyase |
-
1999
- 1999-07-09 WO PCT/DE1999/002174 patent/WO2000003008A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-09 DE DE19932811A patent/DE19932811A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6639608B1 (en) | 1996-01-23 | 2003-10-28 | Yuichiro Itakura | System for displaying two independent images received from network |
| US6351745B1 (en) | 1996-02-28 | 2002-02-26 | Netzero, Inc. | Communication system for distributing such message as advertisement to user of terminal equipment |
| US6711551B1 (en) | 1996-06-05 | 2004-03-23 | Netzero, Inc. | Information provider, terminal and system and recording medium for the terminal |
| WO2004009828A1 (de) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-29 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verfahren zur biotechnologischen herstellung von citronensäure mit einer genetisch veränderten hefe yarrowia lipolytica |
| CN114807182A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-07-29 | 天津大学 | 降解长链烷烃的酵母菌株及其应用 |
| CN114807182B (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-07-25 | 天津大学 | 降解长链烷烃的酵母菌株及其应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19932811A1 (de) | 2000-01-20 |
| WO2000003008A3 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
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