WO2000007424A2 - Gebäude mit einer mittelstrebe - Google Patents
Gebäude mit einer mittelstrebe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000007424A2 WO2000007424A2 PCT/DE1999/002362 DE9902362W WO0007424A2 WO 2000007424 A2 WO2000007424 A2 WO 2000007424A2 DE 9902362 W DE9902362 W DE 9902362W WO 0007424 A2 WO0007424 A2 WO 0007424A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rafters
- building according
- building
- stands
- spokes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
- E04B1/3408—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings
- E04B1/3412—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings mainly supported by a central column or footing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
Definitions
- the invention relates to a building with a central strut.
- Support column attached and offset from each other by uniform angles.
- the arrangement forms a self-supporting basket-like building skeleton.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a building that has a high stability even against strong deformation forces such as earthquakes.
- the pre-curved rafters are of essential importance, pre-bending to be understood as meaning an intended deflection in a vertical plane, for which a certain minimum degree of curvature is provided in a preferred embodiment.
- the intended curvature in the assembled rafters between the fastening points can be created or reinforced by the weight and weight of a roof covering.
- An intended curvature is preferably already present in the prefabricated rafters before assembly.
- a major effect of the curvature of the rafters is the insensitivity of the construction to strong shear forces, which can occur in particular in the event of an earthquake.
- Elastic yielding in the form of weakening and reinforcement of the curvatures allows peak values of the external force to be yielded without the forces occurring within the building construction leading to destruction of the structure. Shear forces and / or torsional forces caused by a storm are also advantageously absorbed.
- the pre-curvature of a rafter can be characterized, for example, by the dimensions of the arch formed by it between the fastening points on the central strut on the one hand and a stand on the other hand, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention the arch depth advantageously at least 4%, in particular at least 6% and a maximum of 30% , in particular a maximum of 20% of the length of the bowstring.
- the rafters are preferably elastically deformable, in particular with regard to the curvature, an elastic variability of the curvature up to a change in the arc depth of 20% of the chord length being advantageous.
- the elastic deformability enables it to yield against the effects of high external forces and, at the same time, provide a reliable return after the external forces cease to exist.
- the curved and advantageously elastically deformable rafters cause force components at the fastening points which are radially inwardly directed towards the central strut and which are absorbed by the spokes.
- the connecting points of spokes form Stands, rafters and central struts are almost a triangle with a curved side line in the shape of the rafters.
- the center strut and spokes are subjected to pressure.
- the stands which are arranged on the circumference of the building plan and are substantially vertically aligned are connected to one another by one or preferably a plurality of ring belt arrangements, in particular in the area of the fastening of the rafters and / or in the area of the connection with the spokes and / or in the area of the base points of the spokes.
- the ring belt arrangements preferably consist of segments, each bridging several stands and complementing each other to form a ring.
- the ring segments advantageously adjoin one another in an overlapping manner and are connected to one another in the overlap region.
- the stands comprise two outer wooden slats which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and accommodate the rafters and / or the spokes between them.
- the stands can be stiffened by filling elements between the spaced wooden slats.
- the ring belts can be inserted into recesses in the stands, which results in a continuous outer surface which is flush with the vertical outer longitudinal edges of the stands.
- the stands can also be used for external and / or internal wall cladding.
- the fields between adjacent stands can be stiffened by cross struts.
- the distance between adjacent stands is preferably between 1 m and 4 m, in particular between 1.5 and 2.5 m.
- the radial spokes are preferably horizontal and can then advantageously also serve as a ceiling and / or floor for floor separation.
- the angle between adjacent spokes is preferably at least 8 °, in particular at least 15 ° and preferably at most 40 °, in particular at most 35 °.
- at least one spoke can be interrupted by at least one change, which is supported on the adjacent spokes.
- the height difference of the fastening points of the rafters on the central strut on the one hand and the stands on the other hand is preferably between half and twice the radius for a stable construction, in particular between 0.7 times and 1.5 times the radius of the floor plan.
- the tangents applied to the curved rafters form an angle with the vertical at the fastening points on the central strut, which is preferably between 5 ° and 80 °, in particular between 20 ° and 60 °.
- the angle of the rafter tangent at the fastening points on the stands is preferably between 5 ° and 60 °, in particular between 10 ° and 40 °.
- the change in direction of the rafter tangent along a rafter is advantageously at least 10 ° and is preferably between 15 ° and 60 °.
- Wood is advantageously used as the building material for individual or preferably all of the construction elements, which is characterized by favorable handling, ecological advantages and elastic properties which are particularly favorable for the invention.
- the construction elements having rafters, rafters and ring belt segments are advantageously designed as glue binders, nail binders or the like.
- the building can have several spoke levels arranged one above the other as floor dividing levels.
- spoke levels arranged one above the other as floor dividing levels.
- one can also in the area of the base points of the stand and, if applicable, a ring belt attached there Spoke level can be used, which further stabilizes the construction, especially against earthquake forces.
- This lowest level of spokes can also form the support for a floor.
- the floor plan of the building preferably shows a circular circumference.
- a porch can advantageously be realized in such a way that the rafters are extended beyond the circumference of the building over a circumferential section and are supported once more at a distance from the circumference of the building and form a covering of an anteroom.
- the formation of dormer windows is also possible, it being possible for the dormer windows to be inserted in the roof structure, for example between two rafters, with the elimination of one or fewer rafters, with bridging one or more rafters, etc.
- the building structure can also be easily transported as a whole by using means attached to the top such as e.g. B. a suspension eye is raised.
- a suspension eye is raised.
- several diagonal struts for stiffening are advantageous.
- Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a building.
- Fig. 2 shows a stand arrangement in a tangential view
- Fig. 3 shows a stand arrangement in a radial view
- Fig. 4 shows a ring belt section in plan view
- Fig. 5 an attachment of a rafter to the central strut
- Fig. 6 is a view of the spoke assembly Fig. 7 shows a roof structure with a dormer
- Fig. 8 is a portable construction
- the building sketched in a vertical cross section in FIG. 1 is erected on a subsurface G (not described in more detail), in which the presence of foundations is required and a basement is possible as required.
- the building shows a vertical central strut MS to which rafters DS are fastened by means of a cover plate DP arranged in the upper region of the central strut.
- the rafters DS lie on stands ST which are arranged on the circumference of the building and which are supported on the ground and are oriented essentially vertically.
- the inward radial force exerted by the rafters on the uprights is intercepted by radial spokes SP attached to the central strut on the one hand and the uprights on the other.
- the preferably horizontally aligned spokes form a spoke level at a storey height hg above the ground G.
- the stands ST are raised by one knee stick relative to the spoke level, as a result of which the space above the spoke level can generally be used more flexibly.
- the fastening points of the rafters DS on the cover plate DP are one roof height hd above the fastening points of the rafters DS on the stands ST.
- the distance between the central strut MS and the stand ST is referred to as the radius R.
- the rafters DS show a curvature in the direction of the central strut MS and spokes SP.
- the extent of the curvature is characterized by the length of the bow chord between the fastening points of the rafters on the cover plate DP on the one hand and the stands ST on the other hand and the depth tb of the bow curvature compared to this bow chord.
- peak values of the force acting can be absorbed in that the rafters reduce the Stretch the curvature or compress it to increase the curvature.
- the building resumes its original shape due to the restoring force of the rafters.
- the elasticity of the rafters is dimensioned such that they allow low deformability without breaking within the maximum expected external forces.
- the side of the building in the sketch to the right of the central strut shows an extension of the rafters beyond the uprights ST to form a roof for an anteroom V.
- the elongated rafters are spaced apart from the uprights ST and supported by further struts VS.
- the anteroom V can also be open, for example, in the form of a covered terrace or a parking space for a vehicle and the like.
- the stand ST comprises two vertical wooden slats HL1 and HL2 spaced apart in the circumferential direction, between which a rafters DS is inserted at the upper end, which, as eaves, protrudes slightly below the circumference of the building. The distance of the
- Wooden slats HL1, HL2 can be specified by inserted filler wood FH, which at the same time stiffen the stator arrangement. The end of a radial spoke SP is also inserted into the space between the wooden slats. In the recesses of the wooden slats there are ring belts RG1, RG2 and RG3 in the area of the fastenings in different vertical positions
- Rafters, the fastenings of the spokes and the base points of the stands The outer surfaces of the ring belts are flush with the outer edges of the wooden slats, the spokes also end at the latest on the outer edges of the wooden slats.
- Rafters and spokes are included the stator ST by connecting bolts VB or the like. Connected in a conventional manner. Roof rafters DS and spokes SP can advantageously rest on the ring belts or on the fillers mentioned and show incisions and recesses for this purpose.
- Rafters DS and ring belts RG1, RG2, RG3 are preferably constructed as glue binders, nail binders or the like from several layers of wooden straps or the like.
- the cross-section of the rafters preferably shows a greater thickness sd than its width sb.
- the angle between the rafters tangent and the horizontal in the region of the fastening of the rafters to the uprights is designated by wh.
- the height of the knee between the level of the spokes and the attachment of the rafters to the uprights is denoted by hk.
- FIG. 4 shows a section of a ring belt arrangement in which two ring belt segments RGA and RGB abut one another and overlap over a length L with cutouts that are joined together. Toothed washers ZS can be inserted between the circumferentially parallel contact surfaces within the overlap area for the positionally secure connection of the two sections.
- the sections are in the overlap area
- Connecting elements VE such as bolts, screws or the like, are braced against one another, the toothed lock washers each digging into the material of the opposing contact surfaces.
- the two segments RGA and RGB are each made up of several layers as glue binders, nail binders or the like, which is indicated by the broken lines. In this way, several segments can be connected to form a closed ring belt.
- 5 shows an advantageous arrangement for fastening the rafters to the central strut.
- a cover plate DP is provided, which rests on top of the central strut and is connected to the central strut via holding plates PH leading downward.
- the cover plate is preferably made of metal and advantageously as a flat plate which projects laterally beyond the central strut.
- Openings PL are provided in the projecting ring section, into which a pin or bolt HB of a rafter-side fastening element DT can be inserted from above.
- the fastening element DT is fastened to the upper end of the rafter DS via connecting elements VD.
- the way in which the rafters are connected to the MS central strut enables simple assembly by simply hanging the rafters into the openings through the bolts.
- the bolt HB can have, for example, a screw thread onto which a locking nut can be screwed from below.
- the fastening element DT is preferably designed as an angled plate which carries the bolt HB on one leg and is connected to the end portion of the rafter DS by the other leg.
- a roofing section is advantageously also provided, which can be designed, for example, like a cone.
- FIG. 6 shows a top view of the spoke ring, a section in which a spoke SPW is interrupted by a double change W1, W2 and opens a passage through the spoke plane, in particular for a staircase.
- the changes are supported on the adjacent spokes.
- the section of the interrupted spoke SPW remaining on the side of the central struts and possibly also the section connected to it
- changes W2 may also be omitted, so that only a change W1 and a radially outer spoke section of the interrupted spoke SPW have to be provided.
- AS is the distance between two adjacent stands and ws is the angle between adjacent spokes.
- FIG. 7 An arrangement is sketched in FIG. 7, in which a roof dome DG projecting beyond the roof surface of the rafters DS is realized.
- the GS rafters rafters which in the sketched example are shorter than the DS rafters, are supported on the SP spokes by means of the GT racks. Especially with narrow dormer windows between two rafters, the dormer can also be supported on the rafters.
- a building construction is sketched in an embodiment prepared for transport.
- a suspension device for example a suspension eyelet OE at the top of the central strut MS, via which the structure can be lifted, for example by means of a crane, and loaded onto a transport platform or set down from there to the destination of the building.
- safety struts SS are inserted, which lead diagonally descending radially outwards and are supported in particular on the outside on the connections of the stands and spokes.
- a lower spoke level SPU in the area of the base points of the stands at the level of the lower ring belt (RG3 according to FIG. 2) is particularly advantageous.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19981447T DE19981447D2 (de) | 1998-08-06 | 1999-08-04 | Gebäude mit einer Mittelstrebe |
| AU64601/99A AU6460199A (en) | 1998-08-06 | 1999-08-04 | Gebaude mit einer mittelstrebe |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19835539.419980806 | 1998-08-06 | ||
| DE19835539A DE19835539A1 (de) | 1998-08-06 | 1998-08-06 | Gebäude mit einer Mittelstrebe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2000007424A2 true WO2000007424A2 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
Family
ID=7876655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1999/002362 Ceased WO2000007424A2 (de) | 1998-08-06 | 1999-08-04 | Gebäude mit einer mittelstrebe |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6460199A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19835539A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000007424A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004007249B3 (de) * | 2004-02-10 | 2005-09-22 | Heun, Gisela | Selbsttragende Gewölbekonstruktion |
-
1998
- 1998-08-06 DE DE19835539A patent/DE19835539A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-08-04 WO PCT/DE1999/002362 patent/WO2000007424A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-08-04 DE DE19981447T patent/DE19981447D2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-08-04 AU AU64601/99A patent/AU6460199A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19835539A1 (de) | 2000-02-10 |
| AU6460199A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
| DE19981447D2 (de) | 2000-11-16 |
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