WO2000077265A1 - Acier resistant a l'usure et a la rupture - Google Patents

Acier resistant a l'usure et a la rupture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000077265A1
WO2000077265A1 PCT/NL2000/000414 NL0000414W WO0077265A1 WO 2000077265 A1 WO2000077265 A1 WO 2000077265A1 NL 0000414 W NL0000414 W NL 0000414W WO 0077265 A1 WO0077265 A1 WO 0077265A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel
carbonitriding
rolling
carburising
tempering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2000/000414
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Michael Beswick
Aidan Michael Kerrigan
Jan Ture Slycke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SKF Engineering and Research Centre BV
Original Assignee
SKF Engineering and Research Centre BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SKF Engineering and Research Centre BV filed Critical SKF Engineering and Research Centre BV
Priority to AU57144/00A priority Critical patent/AU5714400A/en
Publication of WO2000077265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000077265A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62Selection of substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80After-treatment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/36Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/62Low carbon steel, i.e. carbon content below 0.4 wt%

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the production of a part for a transmission, comprising the provision of a steel containing C, Si, Cr, Mn, Mo, and also Fe and customary impurities, carburising/carbonitriding, quenching, followed by further heating (re-hardening), quenching again and tempering.
  • a steel comprising above elements is known from US 5019182A. It is proposed to use such a steel for the production of gears in gearboxes of cars. After heat treatment the steel is subjected to shot peening, i.e. the surface structure is compressed by a bombardment of foreign particles. After that further mechanical treatment is not possible because the effect of the surface bombartment would be nullified.
  • this steel comprises .l-.4% by wt. C, .06-.05% by wt. Si, .3-1.0 by % wt. Mn, .9-1.2 by % wt. Cr, .6-.5 by % wt. Mo and remaing Fe.
  • Subject invention aims to provide a part of a toroidal IVT transmission.
  • the two most important parts are the disk and roller.
  • An example thereof is given in the British patent specification 2286023.
  • At least two opposed disks are provided between which at least two power rollers are provided.
  • the requirements for a INT are different from those for roller bearings in that friction is required in order to transmit torque from the engine to the wheels. In a lubricated contact, such as in a INT, friction can only be generated if there is slip.
  • the prior art discloses low-alloy steels for the production of parts for rolling bearings which also have a low carbon percentage. 0.2 % by wt. C may be mentioned as an example.
  • the core of parts for ball bearings produced from such a material is relatively tough because of the low carbon content.
  • carbon and/or nitrogen are introduced by carburising/carbonitriding. Rehardening is carried out after a treatment of this type.
  • a ball bearing steel containing 0.2 - 0.6 % by wt. C, 0.3 - 2.0 % by wt. Si, 0.5 - 2.5 % by wt. Cr, 0.3 - 1.7 % by wt. Mn and other customary elements is described in US Patent 5,085,733. It is claimed that a tempering treatment can be carried out immediately after carbonitriding.
  • the indicated range of contents is particularly broad so that it is not possible clearly to indicate which of the contents specified in this patent leads to a type of steel that, on the one hand, has adequate wear resistance and, on the other hand, does not display any fracturing or cracking, and, finally, can be produced relatively inexpensively. Because of the quantity of silicon used, such a type of steel will be appreciably more expensive than the types of steel described above which are generally known in the prior art.
  • a wear-and fracture-resistant ball bearing steel as described above, is known from GB-A-2,272,909.
  • the nitrogen to carbon ratio (N/C) in this specification is 0,8 to 2,0 i.e. the C/N ratio is 0,5 - 1,25. This means that a relatively low carbon content is combined with a relatively high nitrogen content. Because of that nitrides, retained austenite and carbonitrides will result. However, because of the low carbon percentage it is difficult to control the hardness of the surface of a ball bearing steel according to this British patent specification.
  • the invention aims to provide steel for an IVT component.
  • This aim is realised with a method as described above in that the steel comprises .37-.46% by wt. C, .01-.35% by wt. Si, .7-1.3% by wt. Cr, .60-1.2% by wt. Mn, .15- .30% by wt. Mo and remaining Fe and usual impurities, wherein said part of a toroidal IVT is subjected after retreatment to a polishing treatment. More particular at the surface of said part .95-1.25% by wt. Carbon is present. If carbonitriding is used, the nitrogen content will be .05-0.25 % by wt.
  • the steel described above is generally available as structural steel.
  • structural steel For example, it is known under the SAE designations 4140 and 4140H.
  • SAE designations 4140 and 4140H Such types of steel are used for a wide variety of structural components in general. Surprisingly, it has been found that if these types of steel are used for rolling structure parts on the one hand the resistance to wear is adequate and on the other hand there is no risk of cracking or fracturing at the hoop stress levels typically found in the application.
  • the surface of types of ball bearing steel obtained in this way will have a Rockwell hardness HRc of at least 58 and the hardness of the core is between HRc 45 and 60, whilst there is no or a negligible amount of retained austenite present in the core. With the method according to the invention the surface will comprise a considerable quantity of fine carbides. With carbonitriding sufficient nitrogen is present to obtain tempering resistance for use at elevated temperature.
  • the first quenching step can comprise quenching in oil at 50-80 °C or quenching in salt at 300-400°C, the second quenching step will be in oil at 50-80°C .
  • the hardness both of the surface and of the core are greater than is the case with generally known ball bearing steels having a low carbon content.
  • the resistance to wear is improved as a result. That is to say, if the lubricant used is contaminated, for example by metallic particles or other particles originating from the environment, this will not lead to failure of the bearing in the short term. Moreover, as a result of these measures the loading capacity of the bearing is increased, as a result of which the latter can be of smaller construction. The fatigue resistance on rolling contact also increases, so that the component life of the bearing can be extended.
  • the invention also relates to a ball bearing steel containing 0.37 - 0.46 % by wt. C, 0.1 - 0.29 % by wt. Si, 0.7 - 1.3 % by wt. Cr, 0.60 - 1.2 % by wt. Mn, 0.15 - 0.30 % by wt. Mo and also Fe and usual impurities, wherein the microstructure of the surface comprises martensite with a dispersion of hard carbides having a diameter of between 0.2 and 2.0 ⁇ m and a proportion of retained austenite, which will be inversely related to the tempering temperature .
  • the ball bearing steel described above has numerous applications. This steel can be used, for example, in the drying section of papermaking installations where bearings are subjected to high loads and contamination of the lubricant occurs, whereas when types of ball bearing steel containing a high percentage of carbon are used fracture and cracking may be encountered.
  • the further heating is carried out at at least 800°C for at least 0.4 hours.
  • said further heating step can take up to 1,5 hours.
  • the actual time is dependant on the temperature used and on the desired final structure. At a low temperature (830 °C) this time will be longer than at a somewhat higher temperature, such as 850 °C.
  • the various aspects must be matched to the tempering treatment that follows quenching. The tempering treatment takes place between 160 °C and 260 °C and takes 1,5-6 hours. The temperature for the further heating and re-hardening can be raised to 870 °C.
  • the various operations must be carried out such that the carbide dimensions are smaller than 2.0 ⁇ m, but in practice it has been found that the value of 0.2 ⁇ m mentioned above is easily achievable. As a consequence of these very fine carbides, the surface has a sufficiently high hardness and fatigue resistance whilst adequate hardness is guaranteed.
  • the actual tempering temperature and tempering time applied will be related to the application temperature and the application dimensional stability requirements.
  • carburising/carbonitriding is carried out at approximately 950°C. This is higher than suggested in the prior art, for example British patent specification
  • composition of a number of types of steel with which the invention can be employed is given in the table below. It will be understood that further types of steel are conceivable which fall within the scope of the appended claims and yield equally good properties.
  • INT steels are generally referred to by 1.
  • This comprises an output disc 3 which is driven by the power rollers 4.
  • the input disc 2 is driven by the engine.
  • three power rollers 4 are provided.
  • the power rollers are subjected to considerable loads near their engagement surface with the raceways 7.
  • the input and output discs are loaded in order to develop a friction force between the power rollers and the discs.
  • the slip will be set such that the required force (torque) is deliverd.
  • Area 8 is regarded as a critical area with respect to structural fatigue loads.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un acier pour roulements à rouleaux ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce pour une structure à rouleaux. Ledit acier contient entre 0,37 et 0,46 % en masse de C, entre 0,1 et 0,3 en masse de Si, entre 0,7 et 1,3 en masse de Cr, entre 0,6 et 1,2 en masse de Mn, entre 0,15 et 0,30 en masse de Mo, mais également du Fe et les impuretés habituelles. Après cémentation/carbonitruration, on effectue un traitement thermique supplémentaire (redurcissement) à la suite de la trempe initiale, ce traitement thermique étant suivi par un autre trempe et un revenu, ce qui donne lieu à une formation de martensite avec une dispersion de carbures durs à la surface.
PCT/NL2000/000414 1999-06-15 2000-06-15 Acier resistant a l'usure et a la rupture Ceased WO2000077265A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU57144/00A AU5714400A (en) 1999-06-15 2000-06-15 Wear-and fracture-resistant steel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1012329A NL1012329C2 (nl) 1999-06-15 1999-06-15 Slijt- en breukvast staal.
NL1012329 1999-06-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000077265A1 true WO2000077265A1 (fr) 2000-12-21

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ID=19769381

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PCT/NL2000/000414 Ceased WO2000077265A1 (fr) 1999-06-15 2000-06-15 Acier resistant a l'usure et a la rupture

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU5714400A (fr)
NL (1) NL1012329C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000077265A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1236932A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-09-04 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Disque pour une transmission continue du type torique et son procédé de fabrication
WO2005066383A1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2005-07-21 Caterpillar Inc. Procede de cementation d'un article en acier et article en acier ainsi obtenu presentant une resistance a l'usure amelioree
WO2006013055A1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-09 Ab Skf Procede de traitement thermique de pieces en acier
US7458495B2 (en) * 2004-10-13 2008-12-02 Asm Assembly Automation Ltd. Flip chip bonding tool
WO2012141639A1 (fr) 2011-04-13 2012-10-18 Aktiebolaget Skf Procédé de carbonitruration d'un composant en acier, composant en acier et utilisation du composant
CN103597101A (zh) * 2011-05-25 2014-02-19 Skf公司 热处理钢构件的方法
JP2020105547A (ja) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-09 大同特殊鋼株式会社 構造用部材及びその製造方法
CN111424220A (zh) * 2020-04-08 2020-07-17 吉林省维尔特隧道装备有限公司 一种隧道掘进机刀箱内刀座板材料及其制备方法和刀箱
CN114807759A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-07-29 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 一种新能源汽车齿轮箱轴承钢材料及其制造方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5019182A (en) * 1988-09-27 1991-05-28 Mazda Motor Corporation Method of forming hard steels by case hardening, shot-peening and aging without tempering
DE4419035A1 (de) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-01 Nsk Ltd Wälzlager
GB2286023A (en) * 1994-01-18 1995-08-02 Nsk Ltd Toroidal-type continuously variable transmission has power roller bearing elements of medium or high carbon carbonitrided, hardened and tempered steel
GB2293214A (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-03-20 Nsk Ltd Rolling bearing
DE19844156A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-01 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Wälzlager
DE19850867A1 (de) * 1997-11-04 1999-06-02 Nsk Ltd Stufenloses Toroidgetriebe

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5019182A (en) * 1988-09-27 1991-05-28 Mazda Motor Corporation Method of forming hard steels by case hardening, shot-peening and aging without tempering
DE4419035A1 (de) * 1993-05-31 1994-12-01 Nsk Ltd Wälzlager
GB2286023A (en) * 1994-01-18 1995-08-02 Nsk Ltd Toroidal-type continuously variable transmission has power roller bearing elements of medium or high carbon carbonitrided, hardened and tempered steel
GB2293214A (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-03-20 Nsk Ltd Rolling bearing
DE19844156A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-01 Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd Wälzlager
DE19850867A1 (de) * 1997-11-04 1999-06-02 Nsk Ltd Stufenloses Toroidgetriebe

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1236932A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-09-04 Koyo Seiko Co., Ltd. Disque pour une transmission continue du type torique et son procédé de fabrication
US6685596B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2004-02-03 Koyo Seiko Company, Ltd. Variator disc and a method of fabricating the same
KR100871949B1 (ko) * 2001-02-28 2008-12-08 가부시키가이샤 제이텍트 바리에이터용 디스크 및 그 제조방법
WO2005066383A1 (fr) 2003-12-22 2005-07-21 Caterpillar Inc. Procede de cementation d'un article en acier et article en acier ainsi obtenu presentant une resistance a l'usure amelioree
US7169238B2 (en) 2003-12-22 2007-01-30 Caterpillar Inc Carbide method and article for hard finishing resulting in improved wear resistance
WO2006013055A1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-09 Ab Skf Procede de traitement thermique de pieces en acier
US7458495B2 (en) * 2004-10-13 2008-12-02 Asm Assembly Automation Ltd. Flip chip bonding tool
WO2012141639A1 (fr) 2011-04-13 2012-10-18 Aktiebolaget Skf Procédé de carbonitruration d'un composant en acier, composant en acier et utilisation du composant
CN103547699A (zh) * 2011-04-13 2014-01-29 Skf公司 碳氮共渗钢构件的方法、钢构件以及该构件的使用
EP2697407A4 (fr) * 2011-04-13 2015-09-30 Skf Ab Procédé de carbonitruration d'un composant en acier, composant en acier et utilisation du composant
US20140209214A1 (en) * 2011-05-25 2014-07-31 Aktiebolaget Skf Method and steel component
CN103597101A (zh) * 2011-05-25 2014-02-19 Skf公司 热处理钢构件的方法
CN103597101B (zh) * 2011-05-25 2016-10-12 Skf公司 热处理钢构件的方法
US10202678B2 (en) * 2011-05-25 2019-02-12 Aktiebolaget Skf Method and steel component
JP2020105547A (ja) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-09 大同特殊鋼株式会社 構造用部材及びその製造方法
JP7261385B2 (ja) 2018-12-26 2023-04-20 大同特殊鋼株式会社 構造用部材及びその製造方法
CN111424220A (zh) * 2020-04-08 2020-07-17 吉林省维尔特隧道装备有限公司 一种隧道掘进机刀箱内刀座板材料及其制备方法和刀箱
CN111424220B (zh) * 2020-04-08 2021-09-07 吉林省维尔特隧道装备有限公司 一种隧道掘进机刀箱内刀座板材料及其制备方法和刀箱
CN114807759A (zh) * 2022-04-25 2022-07-29 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 一种新能源汽车齿轮箱轴承钢材料及其制造方法
CN114807759B (zh) * 2022-04-25 2024-01-09 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 一种新能源汽车齿轮箱轴承钢材料及其制造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1012329C2 (nl) 2000-12-19
AU5714400A (en) 2001-01-02

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