WO2000077314A1 - Structure formed of foaming cement and lightweight steel, and a structure system and method of forming the structure system - Google Patents

Structure formed of foaming cement and lightweight steel, and a structure system and method of forming the structure system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000077314A1
WO2000077314A1 PCT/CN2000/000020 CN0000020W WO0077314A1 WO 2000077314 A1 WO2000077314 A1 WO 2000077314A1 CN 0000020 W CN0000020 W CN 0000020W WO 0077314 A1 WO0077314 A1 WO 0077314A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel
type
building
cement
foamed cement
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2000/000020
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhi Fan
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CNB008051712A priority Critical patent/CN1195135C/zh
Priority to AU25319/00A priority patent/AU2531900A/en
Priority to US10/018,146 priority patent/US6779314B1/en
Publication of WO2000077314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000077314A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US10/889,845 priority patent/US7040066B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/291—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures with apertured web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/292—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and sheet metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2481—Details of wall panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2496—Shear bracing therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction, and more particularly to a steel structure building system, which is a combination of a steel structural member and a foamed cement product.
  • the foamed cement products are used to surround the steel structural members to meet the fire-resistance requirements of the building, and at the same time, the building insulation system for building insulation, decoration and carrying requirements is completed.
  • steel structure buildings have the characteristics of fast installation speed and good seismic performance, and also have the advantages of easy program realization, diversification and industrial production.
  • the supporting steel structural enclosing materials are mostly made of metal profiled steel sheets, gypsum slate wool, glass wool, and steel buildings with such building materials, especially for residential buildings.
  • the building system still has shortcomings such as poor fire resistance, easy to produce cold bridges, and high overall cost, and the comfort of the house is also unpleasant.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel foamed cement material which can be organically combined with a steel structural member to form a building envelope which can bear vertical or horizontal building loads alone or together with a building column, and can
  • the light steel structural members are all contained in the foamed cement or foamed cement board, and the building insulation, decoration and building structure system satisfying the bearing requirements are formed by matching the roof panels, the ceiling panels and various floor panels.
  • the invention provides a type A building envelope structure which can withstand the building load alone or with the steel structure of the building body and has excellent comprehensive properties such as fire resistance, load bearing, waterproof, heat preservation, decoration and quick loading, and is foamed by using
  • the cement material is combined with the steel structure steel skeleton, and the steel skeleton is contained in the foamed cement material, and the formed A-shaped plate material having the bearing capacity is connected to each other.
  • the invention provides a B-type building envelope structure which can withstand the building load alone or with the steel structure of the building body and has excellent comprehensive properties such as fire resistance, load bearing, waterproofing, heat preservation, decoration and quick loading, and is foaming.
  • the cement material is combined with the steel structure steel skeleton, and the steel skeleton portion is included Among the foamed cement materials, the formed B1 type plate material is formed; and the foamed cement type B2 type plate is formed on the exposed side of the steel frame.
  • the invention provides a C-shaped plate material composed of a foamed cement material; and a steel structure steel skeleton between two C-shaped plates to form a C-type building envelope structure, which not only effectively solves the fire prevention of the steel structure , endurance problems, and at the same time have the performance of load bearing, insulation, sound insulation, decoration.
  • the invention provides a fabricated lightweight partition board which is bolted to the roof and the ground and can realize multiple disassembly and assembly of the partition wall.
  • the invention also provides a foamed cement as a refractory heat insulation and modeling base material, and is matched with a steel structural member and a cement surface layer, and can be completed with simple forming, light high strength, durable fire resistance, heat insulation and rich shape.
  • the various architectural molding methods are also provided.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a steel building with various lightweight panels to achieve heightening and renovation of old buildings, and at the same time, all the facilities of the old buildings can be completely improved, and the old buildings are newly renovated. New method of building a house.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a building structural system consisting of foamed cement and light steel structure is divided into a middle and low-rise building structure system and a middle-rise building structure system.
  • the middle and low-rise building structure system consists of A-type, B-type and C-type building envelopes, floor slabs, architectural decoration shapes, ceiling panels and fabricated partition wall panels.
  • the middle and high-rise building structural systems are of type A, type B and type C. It consists of building envelopes, steel columns, slabs, architectural framing, fabricated partition panels, and suspended ceiling panels.
  • the type A building envelope structure is composed of an on-site foaming type A enclosure structure and a factory-made A-type panel on-site assembly enclosure structure;
  • the type B building envelope structure is composed of a B1 type panel, The B2 type plate is assembled on site;
  • the C-type building envelope structure is composed of two C-shaped plates Cl and C2 sandwiched with a steel skeleton.
  • the A-type, B-type, and C-type building envelopes may also be constructed by mechanically fixing a steel-structured steel skeleton provided on the outer surface of the sheet material to the steel structure of the building body.
  • Type A, B and C building envelopes can be applied to walls and roofs.
  • the density of the foamed cement material is: 150kg/m3 - 400kg/m3 ; the thermal conductivity is: 0.035 ⁇ 0.08W/MK; and it does not require high temperature steaming; and it has water impermeability (ie, in foamed cement)
  • the surface of the body is dripped with water droplets, the water droplets do not immediately penetrate the pore wall and penetrate into the depth of the foamed cement body; and have a closed-cell cell structure (that is, the cells are separated by the cell walls, not Collusion).
  • the foamed cement material is a cement which is mainly composed of dicalcium silicate, anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate or calcium sulphate dihydrate, or a composite cement formed by adding a certain amount of tricalcium silicate to the above components.
  • the cementitious material is added with a foaming agent, a modifier, and foaming.
  • a suitable fiber material or an organic resin may be added to increase the toughness thereof; and the fiber-based material may be a polymer fiber, a glass fiber, a carbon fiber or a cellulose.
  • the foamed cement may also be composed of a mixture of foamed cement, foamed gypsum, lightweight insulation material and cementitious material having a specific gravity of more than 400 Kg/m3 and a thermal conductivity of more than 0.08 W/MK.
  • composition and content of the foamed cement material are: 10-70% of dicalcium silicate, 1-70% of anhydrous calcium sulphoaluminate, 10-70% of calcium sulfate dihydrate, and tricalcium silicate 0-90. %, 7K 10-50%; and adding foaming agent 1-10%, modifier 1-10%; and stirring and foaming.
  • the foamed cement surface layer may be composed of a surface layer having a certain elasticity, and no steel reinforcement rib may be disposed therein. Such as: resin cement surface layer, elastic coatings, etc.
  • the foamed cement surface layer can be formed into various shapes, such as: a brick stitch pattern, various stone patterns, a tile shape, various decorative lines, and other decorative patterns.
  • the foamed cement surface layer can also be made into various colors or used in combination with other various color decorative materials, for example: colored cement on the surface layer, various architectural paints, composite wood grain decoration, aluminum plate, aluminum Plastic decoration, FRP decoration, and ceramic, other metal, plastic decorative materials.
  • connection groove may be a lap joint groove, and the shape of the lap joint groove may be a wavy plate overlapping shape; the connection groove may also be a plug connection groove; or a docking type Connection slot.
  • a sealing material may be added to function as a waterproofing agent, such as: a sealant of various materials, and a polyurethane foam.
  • the reinforcing ribs may be reinforced trusses; or small-section steels; or small-section steels with holes in their walls.
  • the crack resistant material may be a steel mesh, a fibrous material, a fibrous material mesh, a cellulose or an organic resin.
  • the reinforced concrete reinforcing rib is composed of a steel bar formed by a steel bar and a certain thickness of cement surrounding the steel bar, and the steel bar should be combined with the reinforcing rib or other reinforcing bar having anchoring effect in the foamed cement. connection.
  • the reinforced concrete reinforcing ribs are integrated with the cement surface layer by the action of the surface layer crack-resistant material and the cement itself, which not only enhances the connection strength with the foamed cement, but also satisfies the protective layer of the steel bar in the surface layer. Thickness requirements.
  • the small section steel or reinforced truss reinforcement rib can be formed by other rib-like materials.
  • the profile steel in the profile steel frame can be formed by a truss and a truss frame made of a profiled steel having a smaller cross section.
  • the steel skeleton and the truss can also be constructed by a wooden skeleton, a truss and a combination thereof. to make.
  • the built-in connecting member can be disposed at any position around the center and the center of the sheet for connecting or riveting with the bolt (nail) of the steel skeleton; at the position of the fixing hole, the connecting nail will have the built-in connecting member and the steel skeleton fixed.
  • the fixing hole can be repaired twice.
  • the shape of the connecting groove can be reasonably selected, and the sealing glue and polyurethane foam can be used in the field to solve the waterproof problem of the seam.
  • the steel column can be made of various sections, such as: H-shaped, square steel pipe, round steel pipe; or concrete-filled steel tubular column; or " L , D, + type special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular column.
  • a type A building envelope structure The utility model is composed of a plurality of A-shaped plates; the building envelope structure is formed by mechanically fixing the steel-structured steel frame connecting members provided on the outer surface of the plate material; or mechanically fixing with the steel structure of the building body.
  • the A-type plate material is provided with a reinforcing rib in the foamed cement material; a cement surface layer reinforced by a crack-resistant material is provided on the outer surface layer; and a reinforced concrete may be disposed at a joint portion between the foamed cement and the cement surface layer Reinforcing rib; a steel structural steel skeleton mechanically fixed to the reinforcing rib in the foamed cement material; a steel structural steel skeleton connecting member on the outer surface of the plate; and a connecting groove at the periphery thereof.
  • the A-shaped plate can be formed into a profiled plate such as a curved surface, a gusset or a slot plate.
  • the type A building envelope structure can be completed by on-site cement foaming.
  • the inner and outer decorative panels may be partially connected to the reinforcing ribs, or the joint surface of the facing layer and the foamed cement may be made into a cement rib having an anchoring effect in the foamed cement.
  • the outer decorative panel may also be composed of various material pressing panels and corrugated panels; or the outer decorative panel may be composed of a flexible waterproof material.
  • the structural frame can be decomposed according to the requirements of the drawings and within the allowable dimensions of the transportation conditions, so that the steel skeleton and the foamed cement, the reinforced ribs, the crack-resistant material, the reinforced concrete reinforced concrete and the cement surface layer
  • the processing is completed in the factory; the lighting window can also be installed in the factory and the wall panel; and the assembly can be carried out by bolt or welding on the site; in the bolting scheme, the steel structural steel skeleton connector can be set in the cast-in-place In the cast-in-place layer of the slab; in the welding scheme, the column can be divided into two sections and welded at the site.
  • a type B building envelope structure is composed of two matched plates B1 and B2 respectively, and a foamed cement body is respectively arranged in the plates B1 and B2; and a reinforced concrete reinforcing rib and a reinforcing rib; and in the plate Bl
  • the outer surface of B2 is also provided with a cement surface layer reinforced by crack-resistant material; a steel-structured steel skeleton mechanically fixed with the reinforcing rib is provided in the foamed cement material of the plate B1, and a part of the steel structural steel skeleton is exposed;
  • the structural steel skeleton is mechanically fixed.
  • the B1 type plate is provided with a reinforcing rib in the foamed cement material, and a cement surface layer reinforced by a crack resistant material is provided on the outer surface layer of one side thereof; and a joint portion of the foamed cement and the cement surface layer is provided at a joint portion of the foamed cement and the cement surface layer Reinforced concrete reinforcing rib; in its foamed cement material, a steel structural steel skeleton fixed mechanically with the reinforcing rib is provided, and a part of the steel structural steel skeleton is exposed; and a steel structural steel skeleton connecting member is arranged thereon; There is also a connection slot.
  • the B2 type plate is provided with a reinforcing rib in the foamed cement material, and a cement surface layer reinforced by a crack-resistant material is provided on the outer surface layer of one side thereof; and a joint portion of the foamed cement and the cement surface layer is provided at a joint portion of the foamed cement and the cement surface layer Reinforced concrete rib; on the other side is provided with built-in connectors and fixing holes; there is also a connecting groove at the periphery.
  • the Bl and B2 plates can be made into curved plates, gussets, slot plates and the like.
  • the B2 plate can be constructed of other types of panels without cement foaming, for example:
  • the B2 panels can be constructed of gypsum board.
  • the B-type building envelope structure can be made into a wavy shape for the B1 board when used for roofing, the steel skeleton can be exposed, and the B2 board can be used.
  • the type B building envelope structure may be decomposed according to the requirements of its force and within the size allowed by the transportation conditions to determine the internal structure of the B1 type plate constituting the building envelope structure, which may be in the factory.
  • the Bl and B2 boards are separately produced.
  • bolts or welding methods are used to connect the steel structural steel skeletons of the B1 type plates according to the drawings; and various building pipelines are laid on the exposed parts of the steel skeleton, and then the built-in connecting parts on the B2 board are passed.
  • the B2 plate is fixed to the exposed steel frame by bolting or riveting.
  • the waterproofing of the external wall panel is completed by the sealing material of the lap type, plug-in type or docking type connecting groove on the side of the B-type board. Due to the B-wall panel's profiled steel skeleton, the connection node of the exposed steel skeleton can be placed at any position for easy connection.
  • the B-type building envelope structure of the invention is a large-scale lightweight building board and wall panel structure which can be welded or screwed, especially for the exterior wall, the household wall, the roof and the like in the civil building. Structure; It can be used in industrial buildings for exterior structures such as exterior walls, fire barriers and partition panels. (For details, please refer to the Chinese invention patent application of the present inventor: 0010 0542.1)
  • a type C building envelope structure consisting of two plates C1 and C2 matched with each other, and a foamed cement body is respectively provided in the plates C1 and C2.
  • the C-shaped plate material is provided with a reinforcing rib in the foamed cement material, and a cement surface layer reinforced by a crack-resistant material is provided on the outer surface layer of one side thereof; a built-in connecting piece is provided on the other side thereof;
  • the position of the built-in connector is also provided with a fixing hole; a reinforcing reinforced concrete rib is provided at a joint portion of the foamed cement and the cement surface layer; and a connecting groove is further provided at the periphery thereof.
  • the C1 board cement surface layer can be made into a watt-shaped shape, the steel-shaped skeleton can be exposed, and the C2 board can be omitted.
  • the C 1 plate may be composed of a pressed metal plate, a cement tile or the like to solve the waterproof problem of the roof; the C2 plate may become a heat-insulating fireproof ceiling plate to form
  • the Cl and C2 plates can be made into curved plates, gussets, slot plates and the like.
  • a vapor barrier may be provided on the inner side layer of the plate C1 to facilitate moisture protection when used as an outer wall in a severe cold area.
  • the C2 plate may be constructed of other types of panels without cement foaming, for example:
  • the C2 panels may be constructed of gypsum board.
  • the steel structural steel skeleton components in the C-type building envelope structure shall be produced in the factory and installed on site, and the various loads of the building shall be borne by the steel structural steel skeleton.
  • the steel structure steel frame can be installed first, and the plates Cl and C2 can be installed. During installation, different screws or rivets can be selected according to the force, and then the steel structure steel frame is fixed by the built-in connecting pieces and fixing holes provided on the plates C1 and C2; after fixing, special repairing materials can be used. Fill the fixing holes.
  • Special repair materials can be a mixture of cement and lightweight insulation materials, such as: a mixture of cement and perlite, a mixture of cement and polystyrene.
  • the hollow layer formed between the sheets Cl and C2 can be used for the installation of various pipelines during the construction process.
  • the invention also provides a special-shaped column structure, which is composed of a special-shaped steel tube concrete or a steel truss, which has the same thickness as the wall in the building structure, and can realize an L-shaped, ⁇ -type, +-shaped combination, which can replace the above-mentioned Steel column.
  • the special-shaped C3 type plate can be used to refractory decoration of the steel column; it can also be decorated with the scheme of decorative molding column.
  • the various load-bearing enclosures can be used in conjunction with each other, and form steel structures in various forms with steel columns, slabs, building trims, ceiling panels, and partition panels.
  • the steel column can be composed of ⁇ , ⁇ , + combined columns.
  • the steel column can cooperate with the A, B, C truss type building envelope structure and support the floor at the upper and lower ends at the same time; if it is staggered in different floors, it can form a large open house structure with double column spacing;
  • the refractory lightweight slab composed of the ceiling panels and the various load-bearing walls form a large open house.
  • the trusses can be steel and wooden trusses.
  • the floor slab may be cast in-situ reinforced concrete floor slab; or steel mold, wood mold, cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor slab; or prestressed laminated slab cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab; or foamed cement suspended ceiling and truss may be used Refractory lightweight floor slab.
  • the ceiling plate can be made of a C-shaped plate as a ceiling plate.
  • the invention provides a fabricated partition wall board which is provided with reinforcing ribs in foamed cement; a cement surface layer reinforced by crack-resistant material is provided on the surface of the foamed cement; and the cement surface layer and the foamed cement
  • the joint part is provided with reinforced concrete ribs; there are connection grooves on the left and right sides of the plate; bolt fixing parts are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the plate, and the bolt fixing parts are fixedly connected with the reinforcing ribs; holes are provided at corresponding positions on the roof and the ground Or grooved and bolted.
  • the assembled partition wall panel can be used, and various forms of the room pattern can be realized according to actual needs.
  • the present invention also provides an architectural molding forming process having fire resistance performance, which is accomplished by utilizing the characteristics of foamed cement which can be molded and processed in a mold.
  • Methods for interior and exterior architectural decoration and garden architectural modeling including:
  • the first step the reinforcing ribs and the small internal connecting pieces can be poured together with the foamed cement;
  • the second step processing the surface of the foamed cement into a shape required for decoration, and arranging a part of the reinforcing rib buried in the foamed cement according to the requirements of the reinforced concrete rib, and exposing to the surface of the foamed cement;
  • Step 3 Spray or coat the surface layer with crack-resistant material on the surface of the foamed cement.
  • This kind of foaming cement body is first prepared, and after the foamed cement body is solidified, the surface thereof is processed into various shapes, and at the same time, the steel bar which has been in the foamed cement is purposefully exposed, and the surface layer is sprayed to form a surface.
  • the reinforced concrete ribs are formed at the same time. In order to complete the styling, it is easy to realize various shapes, and the joint strength of the surface layer and the foamed cement is strengthened by the reinforced concrete bars.
  • This method can be used to make A-plate, B-plate, C-plate, surface layer and connecting groove, which can be used for processing various decorative patterns; various tile and tile roof drainage decoration for roofing Processing.
  • the architectural decoration shape is mainly composed of a closed-cell cement foam and a decorative surface layer; the main shape of the decorative body is determined by the steel skeleton; the reinforcing rib and the steel skeleton are mechanically fixed, and are disposed in the foamed cement body and decoration
  • the reinforced concrete ribs in the surface layer are connected; in the cement foam, a built-in connecting member and a fixing hole may be provided.
  • the architectural decoration shape can realize the decoration of various architectural shapes such as the mouth, the stigma, the sill, the pillar shape, the handrail, etc.; and can also be used for various indoor and outdoor styling decoration, for example: rockery stone, garden sculpture, scenery building and the like.
  • the invention provides a method for steel structure construction of an old building renovation, which is the basis of utilizing the original heavy-duty structural building, and selects the invention
  • the human A, B and C truss-type building envelopes are divided into walls, and the A, B and C building envelopes are external walls; the assembled partition panels are internal partitions;
  • the structure of the column, the slab, the architectural shape and the ceiling slab first connect the steel column with the old building structure system, start construction according to the light plan above the top floor of the original building, and apply the new light to the foundation if the basic technical conditions permit. Reconstruction of quality structures.
  • the old building is equipped with a variety of cast-in-place slabs to connect the steel columns to the building in a certain safe manner, and to provide temporary support and drawstrings to ensure the stability of the overall construction.
  • the number of layers that can be built in the new building is determined. From the roof of the old building, the house with the new pattern is built. As the height of the new building increases, the old building is top-down. Demolition and renovation, demolition and new construction must be carried out within the load range allowed by the building foundation, eventually the old buildings will be completely demolished, and the necessary foundations of the old buildings will be reconstructed. With this technology, the old building renovation project was completed on the basis of the original old building, the old building was demolished, and the new building was built.
  • another invention patent technology of the present inventor is also employed, that is, "a method for constructing a civil building" (patent application number: 99109102.7) is provided on a steel column of a steel main structural frame.
  • the technology of the cable stay structure ensures the stability during the construction process. It is provided with a steel shoe structure at the joint of the bottom steel column and the ground of the steel main structural frame to increase its contact with the ground. Surface to ensure stability under vertical load during construction.
  • the cable stay structure can be completed by an effective connecting steel structure between the single steel structure buildings.
  • the adjacent steel structures are connected together, so that the single building becomes a group.
  • newly remodeled buildings can be laterally connected to form a group of buildings to achieve a stable and diverse three-dimensional home in a wider range, and a sky garden, a shopping mall, a sports center, and the like can be constructed.
  • the steel structure connecting body in order to ensure the lateral stability of the new building which is completed on the basis of the original old building and is higher than the original building, the steel structure connecting body can be used, and the adjacent steel structure building The objects are connected together to transform the single building into a part of the structure of the group building to achieve the stability of the group building, so that the stability of each single building is also guaranteed.
  • the steel structural joints can be composed of three types of building envelopes, A, B and C, making them an airborne building. It can be temporarily fixed by pulling the rope during the construction process.
  • the connecting body may have various shapes, such as: a corridor, an arch bridge or a common type; the connecting body may also form a plurality of single building structures into a single piece.
  • the steel structure connecting body can be used to connect the adjacent steel structure buildings together, so that the single building becomes the whole structure of the group building. Part of the structure to achieve the stability of the group building, so that the stability of each individual building is also guaranteed.
  • the steel structure joints can be composed of three types of building envelopes: Type A, Type B, and Type C, making them an aerial structure. It can be temporarily fixed by pulling the rope during the construction process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a building structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2-1 is a schematic view of the A-type building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2-2-1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the lap type A plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2-2-2 is a schematic structural view of the plug-in type A plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 2-2-3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the docking type A plate of the present invention.
  • 2-3 is a schematic view of Embodiment 1 of a dense column type A building envelope structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2-4 is a schematic view of the second embodiment of the truss type A building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-1 is a schematic view of the B-type building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-2-1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the lap type B1 type board of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3-2-2 is a schematic structural view of the plug-in type B1 type board of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-2-3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the butt type B1 type board of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-3-1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the lap type B2 type plate of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3-3-2 is a schematic structural view of the plug-in type B2 type board of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3-3-3 is a schematic structural view of the butt type B2 type plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-4 is a schematic view showing the first embodiment of the dense column type B building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3-5 is a schematic view of the second embodiment of the truss type B building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4-1 is a schematic view of a C-type building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4-2-1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the lap type C-shaped board of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4-2-2 is a schematic structural view of the plug-in type C board of the present invention.
  • Figure 4-2-3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the butt type C-shaped board of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4-3 is a schematic view showing the first embodiment of the dense column type C building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic view of Embodiment 2 of the composite column C type building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • 4-5 is a schematic view showing the third embodiment of the truss type C building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 are schematic views of Embodiment 4 of the profiled C-type building envelope structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the assembled partition wall panel of the present invention.
  • Figure 6-1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the decorative molding embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6-2 is a schematic structural view of a decorative molding embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the steel structure construction method for the renovation of the old building of the present invention.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
  • the invention mainly comprises a load-bearing building envelope structure 111, a steel cylinder 222, a floor 333, a building decoration 444, a ceiling panel 555, and a partition wall panel 666.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the load-bearing building envelope structure 111 is composed of A type building envelope structure, B type building envelope structure, C type building envelope structure.
  • the A-type building envelope structure is composed of a plurality of A-shaped plates;
  • the B-type building envelope structure is respectively composed of two matched plates B1 and B2;
  • the protective structure is composed of two plates C1 and C2 which are matched with each other.
  • the type A building envelope structure of the present invention is provided with a reinforcing rib 6 in the foamed cement material 1, and a cement surface layer 4 reinforced by a crack-resistant material 3 on the outer surface layer; Foamed cement 1 and cement surface layer 4
  • the joint portion may be provided with a reinforced concrete reinforcing rib 2; a steel structural steel skeleton 5 mechanically fixed to the reinforcing rib 6 is provided in the foamed cement material 1; a steel structural steel skeleton connecting member 7 is provided on the outer surface of the plate; A connecting groove 9 is provided around the periphery.
  • a sealant may be added at the joint of the joint groove 9 to function as a waterproof.
  • the lap type A plate of the present invention is provided with a reinforcing rib 6 in the foamed cement material 1 and a cement surface layer 4 reinforced by the crack resistant material 3 on the outer surface thereof.
  • a reinforcing steel rib 2 is provided at a joint portion of the foamed cement 1 and the cement surface layer 4;
  • a steel structural steel skeleton 5 mechanically fixed to the reinforcing rib 6 is provided in the foamed cement material 1;
  • a lap joint groove 91 is provided at the periphery thereof.
  • the upper layer of the cement may be in the shape of a wavy, and the shape of the lap joint groove is a wavy plate overlapping shape.
  • the plug-in type A board differs from the lap type A type board in that it can be provided with a plug-in connection groove 92 at its periphery.
  • the butt-type A-plate differs from the lap-type A-plate in that it can be provided with a docking connection groove 93.
  • the dense column type A building envelope structure is composed of Al, A2, A3, and A4 plates, and each plate may be provided with a cross bar 51, a column 52, and a diagonal bar 53. , a cross bar connector 51 1 , a post connector 521 .
  • the column 52 can be replaced by a truss composed of columns to form a composite column, which can be located at the corner of the building, at the intersection of the outer wall and the inner wall, at the intersection of the inner partition wall, and at any position required for the building to be stressed.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 2-4, the integral truss type A building envelope structure is composed of Al and A2 plates, and the truss steel skeleton formed by the cross bar 51, the vertical rod 52 and the inclined rod 53 is disposed in the plate. At the joint of the plate, the trusses in the Al and A2 plates are connected as a whole through the connection of the steel frame connecting members 54, and the column structure 222 disposed at both ends forms a building structure system, wherein the columns can be various steel profiles. Columns, concrete-filled steel tubular columns, and "type, ⁇ , + shaped steel tubular concrete columns, and ", ⁇ , + type truss composite columns.
  • the B-type building envelope structure of the present invention is composed of two sheets B1 and B2 matched with the sheet, respectively.
  • B l and B2 are respectively provided with a foamed cement body 1; and a reinforced concrete rib 2, and a reinforcing rib 6; and a cemented surface layer 4 reinforced by a crack-resistant material 3 is further provided on the outer layer of the plates B1 and B2, It is characterized by: in the foamed cement material 1 of the sheet B1 a steel structural steel frame 5 mechanically fixed to the reinforcing ribs 6, and a part of the steel structural steel skeleton 5 is exposed; and a steel structural steel frame connecting member 71 is provided thereon; a built-in connecting member 72 is fixed in the plate B2 and fixed The hole 8 is further provided with a connecting groove 9 at the periphery of the plates B1 and B2; and a vapor barrier layer 10 is further disposed on the inner side layer of the plate B1 to facilitate moisture protection of the outer wall in the severe cold area.
  • the lap type B1 type plate of the present invention is provided in the foamed cement material 1
  • the strong rib 6 is provided with a cement surface layer 4 reinforced by a crack-resistant material 3 on the outer surface layer of one side thereof; a reinforced concrete reinforcing rib 2 is provided at a joint portion of the foamed cement 1 and the cement surface layer 4;
  • the material 1 is provided with a steel structural steel skeleton 5 mechanically fixed to the reinforcing ribs 6, and a part of the steel structural steel skeleton 5 is exposed; and a steel structural steel skeleton connecting member 71 is provided thereon; Connection groove 91.
  • the plug-in type B1 board differs from the lap type B1 type board in that it can be provided with a plug-in connection groove 92 at its periphery.
  • the docking type connection slot 93 can be provided around the periphery.
  • the B2 type plate of the present invention is provided with a reinforcing rib 6 in the foamed cement material 1, and is characterized in that: the outer surface layer on one side thereof is provided with a crack-resistant material 3 a cement surface layer 4; a reinforced concrete reinforcing rib 3 is provided at a joint portion of the foamed cement 1 and the cement surface layer 4; a built-in connecting member 72 and a fixing hole 8 are provided on the other side thereof; and a connecting groove is further provided at the periphery thereof 91.
  • the plug-in type B2 board differs from the lap type B2 type board in that it can be provided with a plug-in connection groove 92 at its periphery.
  • a docking type connection groove 93 may be provided around the periphery.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 3-4, a dense column type B building envelope structure: it is composed of a steel bar skeleton, a cross bar 51, a cross bar truss 511, a column 52, a diagonal bar 53, and a steel frame connecting member 71. B1 and B2 plates are formed.
  • the column 52 in the above-mentioned steel skeleton can be replaced by a truss formed by the column 52, and constitutes ⁇ , ⁇ ,
  • + type truss combination column located at the corner of the building, at the junction of the outer wall and the inner wall, at the intersection of the inner partition wall, and any position required for the building to be stressed.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in FIG. 3-5, the overall truss type truss wall structure: it is composed of a B1 and a ⁇ 2 plate composed of a steel bar and a crossbar 51, a vertical rod 52, a slanting rod 53, and a steel frame connecting member 71. .
  • Such wall structures should also be provided with steel cylinders 222 at both ends of the overall truss when used on the building.
  • the column can be various steel columns, concrete-filled steel tubular columns, and "type, type 1, + shaped steel tube concrete columns, and r, 1, + type truss composite columns. It can be located at the corner of the building.
  • the C-type building envelope structure of the present invention is respectively matched by two pieces.
  • the plate is composed of Cl and C2, and the foamed cement body 1 and the reinforced concrete reinforcing rib 2 and the reinforcing rib 6 are respectively arranged in the plates C1 and C2; and the crack-resistant material 3 is further strengthened on the outer layer of the plates C1 and C2.
  • a vapor barrier layer 10 may be further provided to facilitate moisture resistance when used as an outer wall in a severe cold area.
  • a sealant may be added to function as a waterproof.
  • the lap type C-shaped plate of the present invention is provided with a reinforcing rib 6 in the foamed cement material 1.
  • a reinforcing rib 6 in the foamed cement material 1.
  • the joint portion of the cement 1 and the cement surface layer 4 is provided with a reinforced concrete reinforcing rib 2; and a lap joint groove 91 is also provided at the periphery thereof.
  • the plug-in C-plate differs from the lapped C-board in that it has a plug-in connection slot 92 around it.
  • the butt-type C-plate differs from the lapped C-plate in that it can be provided with a docking connection groove 93.
  • Embodiment 1 As shown in FIG. 4-3, a dense column type C building envelope structure: it consists of a cross bar 51, a cross bar truss 51 1 , a vertical rod 52 , a diagonal rod 53 , and a laterally arranged plate C l , C2 constitutes.
  • Embodiment 2 As shown in Fig. 4-4, a dense column type + combined column type C building envelope structure: it is combined with a truss formed by a column to form a ", 1, + type combination column 54, a cross bar 51, The column 521 and the vertically arranged plates C1 and C2 are formed.
  • the combination column 54 can be disposed at the corner of the building, at the intersection of the outer wall and the inner wall, at the intersection of the inner partition wall, and the required force for the building. At any position, a ", 1, + type combination column is formed.
  • a foamed cement ceiling plate 555 and a truss 334 may be used to form a refractory lightweight floor 333.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in Fig. 4-5, the overall truss type C wall structure: it is composed of a cross bar 51, a vertical bar 52, a diagonal bar 53, and plates Cl, C2. Such building envelopes shall also be provided with steel cylinders 222 at both ends of the overall truss when used in construction.
  • the column can be various steel columns, concrete-filled steel tubular columns, and "type, ⁇ , + type special-shaped concrete-filled steel tubular columns, and ", ⁇ , + type truss composite columns. It can be located at the corner of the building. The intersection of the outer wall and the inner wall, the intersection of the inner partition, and any position required for the building to be stressed.
  • Embodiment 4 As shown in Fig. 4-6, a profiled C3 type plate: For a steel column 2 whose sectional size is larger than the thickness of the wall, the profiled C3 type plate can be used for refractory decoration of the steel column. As shown in FIG.
  • the assembled partition wall panel structure of the present invention is provided with a reinforcing rib 6 in the foamed cement 1; and a cement facing layer 4 reinforced by the crack-resistant material 3 is provided on the surface of the foamed cement 1;
  • a reinforcing steel rib 2 is arranged at a joint portion between the cement surface layer 4 and the foamed cement 1;
  • a connecting groove 9 is further provided on the left and right sides of the plate;
  • a bolt fixing member 5 is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the plate, and the bolt fixing member 5 is The reinforcing ribs 6 are connected and fixed. As shown in FIG.
  • the decorative molding embodiment of the present invention is a decorative molding column which is mainly composed of a closed-cell cement foam 1 and a decorative surface layer 4; it is defined by a steel skeleton 5 as a main body of the decorative body. Shape; the reinforcing rib 6 is mechanically fixed to the steel frame 5, and is connected to the reinforced concrete rib 2 disposed in the foamed cement body 1 and the decorative surface layer 4; the cement foam 1 may be provided with a built-in connection Piece 7 and fixing hole 8.
  • the decorative molding embodiment 2 of the present invention a stair railing, the main shape of which is determined by the steel skeleton 5; the reinforcing rib 6 is provided in the foamed cement body 1; and is provided on the surface thereof Crack resistant material 3 enhanced The decorative facing layer 4; and a reinforcing steel rib 2 is provided at the joint portion of the foamed cement body 1 and the decorative facing layer 4.
  • the above technical features jointly constitute a stair handrail decorative shape body with decorative and fireproof effects. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
  • the steel structure construction method for the renovation of the old building of the present invention is a lightweight steel structure building system, and because of the light weight of the overall structure, the foundation of the old building with heavy concrete structure can be reasonably used.
  • the number of existing buildings is increased, the internal structure is changed, and the plan of using the large truss building envelope structure 13 plus the outer steel column 222 is calculated according to the weight and the basic force, and the old building is removed every certain height.
  • Corresponding floors; A-type, B-type, and C-type truss-type building envelopes can be used as household walls;
  • the construction period of the invention is short; the design, production and construction are easy to standardize and industrialize; at the same time, it has many excellent properties such as heat preservation, load-bearing decoration, fire prevention, fire resistance, waterproofing, energy saving, etc.; low comprehensive cost; large use space, and can realize large Open room, equipped with partition wall panel can make any space combination; It is especially suitable for rapid development of real estate, urban transformation and village and town development; Because steel structure has good seismic performance, and the envelope structure is light structure, it is most suitable as Construction and disaster relief buildings in earthquake-prone areas; In the implementation of factory production, highly integrated buildings can be realized, heating, air conditioning, sound, kitchen, bathroom, health sports room, indoor and outdoor decoration, etc., possibly in the factory All the work done in the production is completed in the factory; or it is made into semi-finished products, which are simply installed on site, so that the building and decoration can be completed as much as possible to reduce the total cost of the house.

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Description

一种由发泡水泥与轻钢结构构成的建筑结构体系 技术领域 本发明属于建筑领域， 特别是指一种钢结构建筑体系， 它是一种将钢结构 件与发泡水泥制品有机的结合， 用发泡水泥制品包围钢结构构件而达到建筑耐 火要求， 并同时完成建筑保温， 装饰， 承载要求的建筑结构体系。 背景技术 目前， 钢结构建筑已具有了安装速度快、 抗震性能较好的特点， 同时也具 有易实现程序化、 多样化及产业化生产等优点。 但是， 与其相配套的建筑钢结 构围护材料， 大多是以金属压型钢板、 石膏板岩棉、 玻璃棉为主的建筑材料， 用此类建材配套钢结构建筑， 尤其是民用住宅所形成的建筑体系仍存在有耐火 性能差、 易产生冷桥、 综合造价较高等不足之处， 而且房屋的舒适感也令人感 觉不佳。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种新型发泡水泥材料， 它可与钢结构件有机的结 合在一起， 组成可单独或与建筑柱体一起承受垂直或水平建筑荷载的建筑围护 ， 且可将轻钢结构件全部夹含在发泡水泥或发泡水泥板之中， 并配套屋面板、 吊顶板及各种楼板而形成的建筑保温、 装饰、 满足承载要求的建筑结构体系。 它包括：
本发明提供一种可单独或与建筑主体钢结构一起承受建筑荷载的、 且具有 耐火、 承重、 防水、 保温、 装饰、 快装等优良综合性能的 A型建筑围护结构， 它是用发泡水泥材料与钢结构型钢骨架结合在一起， 并将型钢骨架包含在发泡 水泥材料之中， 所形成的具有承载能力的 A型板材而相互连接后构成。
本发明提供一种可单独或与建筑主体钢结构一起承受建筑荷载的、 且具有 耐火、 承重、 防水、 保温、 装饰、 快装等优良综合性能的 B型建筑围护结构， 它是用发泡水泥材料与钢结构型钢骨架结合在一起， 并将型钢骨架部分包含在 发泡水泥材料之中， 所形成的具有承载能力的 B1型板材； 且在型钢骨架外露侧 面， 并配套设置发泡水泥类 B2型板材而构成。
本发明提供一种由发泡水泥材料组成的 C型板材； 及在两个 C型板之间设有 钢结构型钢骨架而构成 C型建筑围护结构， 该结构不仅有效地解决钢结构的防 火、 耐久问题， 而且又同时具有承重、 保温、 隔音、 装饰的性能。
本发明提供一种与屋顶及地面靠螺栓连接的、 可实现隔断墙多次拆装组合 的装配式轻质隔墙板。
本发明还提供一种以发泡水泥作为耐火隔热及造型基体材料， 并配套钢结 构件、 水泥面层， 可完成具有成型简单、 轻质高强、 耐久耐火、 隔热保温、 造 型丰富等性能的各种建筑造型成型的工艺方法。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种用钢结构配套各种轻质板材对旧楼房实现 加高、 居室改造， 且可同时使旧楼房的各项设施均得到彻底改善的、 旧楼变新 楼的房屋建造新方法。 本发明的技术方案是：
一种由发泡水泥与轻钢结构构成的建筑结构体系， 分为中低层建筑结构体 系和中高层建筑结构体系。 中低层建筑结构体系由 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结 构、 楼板， 建筑装饰造型， 吊顶板， 装配式隔墙板所组成； 中高层建筑结构体 系由 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构、 型钢柱、 楼板， 建筑装饰造型、 装配式隔 墙板、 吊顶板所组成。
其中， 所述的 A型建筑围护结构， 由现场发泡 A型围护结构及工厂生产 A型 板现场组装围护结构所组成； 所述的 B型建筑围护结构， 由 B1型板、 B2型板现 场装配所组成； 所述的 C型建筑围护结构， 由两块 C型板 Cl、 C2夹含型钢骨架 所组成。
所述的 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构也可将设在板材的外表面上的钢结构 型钢骨架与建筑主体钢结构机械固定而构成。 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构可 应用于墙体及屋面。
所述的发泡水泥材料的密度为： 150kg/m3-400kg/m3 ; 导热系数为： 0.035 〜0.08W/MK; 且其不需要高温蒸养； 并其具有不透水性 （即在发泡水泥体的表 面滴上水珠， 水珠不会立刻穿过孔壁而渗透到发泡水泥体的深处） ； 及具有闭 孔泡孔结构 （即泡孔之间均为泡孔壁相隔， 不串通） 。
所述的发泡水泥材料， 是以硅酸二钙、 无水硫铝酸钙、 二水硫酸钙为主要 原料的水泥或在上述成份中再加入一定量硅酸三钙而形成的复合水泥作为胶凝 材料， 并加入发泡剂、 改性剂， 搅伴发泡而成。 在所述的发泡水泥中， 还可加入适当的纤维材料， 或有机树脂， 以增加其 韧性； 所述的纤维类材料， 可选用高分子纤维、 玻璃纤维、 碳纤维或纤维素。
所述的发泡水泥， 也可用比重大于 400Kg/m3、 导热系数大于 0.08W/MK的 此类或其它类发泡水泥、 发泡石膏、 轻质保温材料与胶凝材料混合物所构成。
所述的发泡水泥材料的组分及含量为： 硅酸二钙 10-70%、 无水硫铝酸钙 1- 70%、 二水硫酸钙 10-70%、 硅酸三钙 0-90%、 7K 10-50%； 并加入发泡剂 1-10%、 改性剂 1-10%; 且进行搅伴发泡而成。
所述的发泡水泥面层， 可以由具有一定弹性的面层构成， 其内可不设置钢 筋水泥加强筋。 如： 树脂水泥面层、 弹性涂料等。
所述的发泡水泥面层， 可以制作成各种形状， 例如： 砖缝图案、 各种仿石 图案、 瓦棱形状、 各种装饰线条及其它装饰图案。
所述的发泡水泥面层， 还可以制成各种颜色或与其它各种颜色装饰材料复 合使用， 例如： 面层使用彩色水泥， 涂刷各种建筑涂料、 复合木纹装饰、 铝 板、 铝塑料装饰、 玻璃钢装饰， 以及瓷砖、 其它金属类、 塑料类装饰材料。
所述的连接槽， 可以为搭接式连接槽， 且搭接式连接槽的形状可为瓦棱板 搭接形状； 所述的连接槽， 也可以为插接式连接槽； 或为对接式连接槽。
在所述的连接槽的结合处， 可以加入密封材料， 以起到防水的作用， 如： 各种材质的密封胶、 以及聚氨脂发泡沫体。
所述的加强肋， 可以是钢筋桁架； 或小截面型钢； 或在其壁上带孔洞的小 截面型钢。
所述的抗裂材料， 可以是钢丝网、 纤维材料、 纤维材料网格布、 纤维素或 有机树脂等。
所述的钢筋水泥加强筋， 是由钢筋及包含在钢筋周围的一定厚度的水泥所 形成的钢筋水泥型体所构成， 且钢筋应与加强肋或在发泡水泥中具有锚固作用 的其它钢筋相连接。
所述的钢筋水泥加强筋， 通过面层抗裂材料及水泥本身的作用与水泥面层 连成一整体， 既增强了与发泡水泥的连接强度， 又同时满足了面层内钢筋具有 一定保护层厚度的要求。
所述的小截面型钢或钢筋桁架加强肋可用其它类筋骨材料所构成。
所述的型钢骨架中的型钢， 可用比它更小截面的型钢做成的桁架及桁架拼 成的骨架所构成。
所述的型钢骨架、 桁架， 也可用木质骨架、 桁架及其组合成的骨架所构 成。
所述的内置连接件， 可在板材的四周及中心部位任意位置设置， 以用于实 现与钢骨架的螺栓 （钉） 连接或铆接； 在固定孔的位置， 连接钉将内置连接件 与钢骨架固定。 固定孔可二次修复。 当用于外墙板时， 可合理选择连接槽的形 式， 并可配合密封胶、 聚氨脂现场发泡， 以解决拼缝的防水问题。
所述的型钢柱， 可采用各种截面型钢， 例如： H型、 方钢管、 圆钢管； 或 钢管混凝土柱； 或" L、 丁、 +型异型钢管混凝土柱。 一种 A型建筑围护结构， 由若干块 A型板材构成； 该建筑围护结构是将设 在板材的外表面上的钢结构型钢骨架连接件相互机械固定； 或与建筑主体钢结 构机械固定而构成。
所述的 A型板材， 是在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋； 在其外表层设有抗裂 材料增强的水泥面层； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位可设有钢筋水泥加强 筋； 在发泡水泥材料内设有与加强肋机械固定的钢结构型钢骨架； 在板材的外 表面设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件； 在其周边设有连接槽。
所述的 A型板， 可做成曲面、 角板、 槽板等异形板。
所述的 A型建筑围护结构， 可通过现场水泥发泡的方法来完成。 首先， 进 行型钢骨架的施工； 连接牢固后， 将水泥面层先制作成各种内外装饰板， 或直 接采用其它种类或材质装饰板。 例如： 金属、 玻璃钢、 木材、 高分子等材质装 饰板。 再将内外装饰板通过防冷桥连接件与型钢及加强肋机械固定； 再将水泥 发泡浆液倒入内外饰板与钢骨架形成的空腔内发泡， 便形成了整个墙体。 此 时， 内外装饰板可与加强肋局部连接， 或面层与发泡水泥的结合面可做成在发 泡水泥中具有锚固作用的水泥筋。 此方法用于屋面时， 外装饰板也可由各种材 质压型板、 瓦棱板构成； 或外装饰板可由柔性防水材料构成。 （详见本发明人 的中国发明专利申请： 99109346.1 )
对于 A型建筑围护结构， 可将其结构框架按图纸的要求， 并在运输条件允 许的尺寸内分解， 使型钢骨架与发泡水泥、 加强肋、 抗裂材料、 钢筋水泥筋和 水泥面层均在工厂内加工完成； 采光窗也可在工厂内与墙板安装完毕； 而在现 场可采用螺栓或焊接的方法进行组装； 在螺栓连接方案中， 钢结构型钢骨架连 接件可以设置在现浇楼板的现浇层中； 在焊接方案中， 可将立柱分割为两个型 钢， 在现场焊接而成。
(详见本发明人的中国发明专利申请： 0010 0543.X ) 一种 B型建筑围护结构， 分别由两块相配合的板材 Bl、 B2构成， 在板材 Bl、 B2中分别设有发泡水泥体； 及钢筋水泥加强筋， 及加强肋； 且在板材 Bl、 B2的外表层还设有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在板材 B1的发泡水泥材料中设有 与加强肋机械固定的钢结构型钢骨架， 且钢结构型钢骨架的一部分外露； 并在 其上设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件； 在板材 B2内设有内置连接件及固定孔； 在板 材 Bl、 B2的周边还设有连接槽； 且 B2板中内置连接件与 B1板中的钢结构型钢 骨架机械固定。
所述的 B1型板材， 是在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其一侧的外表层设 有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位设有钢筋水泥 加强筋； 在其发泡水泥材料中设有与加强肋机械固定的钢结构型钢骨架， 且钢 结构型钢骨架的一部分外露； 并在其上设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件； 在其周边 还设有连接槽。
所述的 B2型板材， 是在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其一侧的外表层设 有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位设有钢筋水泥 加强筋； 在其另一侧设有内置连接件及固定孔； 在其周边还设有连接槽。
所述的 Bl、 B2板， 可做成曲面、 角板、 槽板等异形板。
所述的 B2板可以用没有水泥发泡的其它类板而构成， 例如： 用于外墙时， B2板可以用石膏板构成。
所述的 B型建筑围护结构， 在用于屋面时 B1板的水泥面层可以制作成瓦棱 形状， 型钢骨架可以外露， B2板可以不用。
所述的 B型建筑围护结构， 可根据其受力的要求， 且在运输条件允许的尺 寸内， 将其尺寸分解， 以确定组成建筑围护结构的 B1型板的内在结构， 可在工 厂内分别制作完成 Bl、 B2板。 在施工现场， 再采用螺栓或焊接的方法， 按图纸 要求将 B1型板中钢结构型钢骨架相互连接； 并将各种建筑管线铺设在型钢骨架 的外露部位， 再通过 B2板上的内置连接件， 用螺栓或铆接的方式， 将 B2板与外 露的型钢骨架固定。 外墙板的防水， 靠 B型板边的搭接式、 插接式或对接式连 接槽配套密封材料完成。 由于 B型墙板的型钢骨架外露钢骨架的连接节点可以 设在方便连接的任何位置。
本发明的这种 B型建筑围护结构是一种可以焊接或螺接方式连接的大型轻 质建筑板材及墙板结构， 特别是在民用建筑中用于外墙、 分户墙、 屋面等建筑 结构； 在工业建筑中可以用于外墙、 防火隔板及隔墙板等建筑结构。 (详见本发明人的中国发明专利申请： 0010 0542.1 ) 一种 C型建筑围护结构， 分别由两块与其配合的板材 Cl、 C2构成， 在板材 Cl、 C2中分别设有发泡水泥体； 及钢筋水泥加强筋， 及加强肋； 且在板材 Cl、 C2的外表层还设有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在板材 Cl、 C2之间设有钢结构型 钢骨架； 在板材 Cl、 C2内还设有内置连接件及固定孔； 在板材 C l、 C2的周边 还设有连接槽。
所述的 C型板材， 是在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其一侧的外表层设 有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在其另一侧设有内置连接件； 且在内置连接件的 位置还设有固定孔； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋； 在其周边还设有连接槽。
所述的 C型建筑围护结构在用于屋面时， 所述的 C1板水泥面层可以制作成 瓦棱形状， 型钢骨架可以外露， C2板可以不用。
所述的 C型建筑围护结构用于屋面时， 所述的 C 1板可由压型金属板、 水泥 瓦等材料构成， 以解决屋面的防水问题； C2板可成为保温防火吊顶板， 以形成
C型屋面系统。
所述的 Cl、 C2板， 可做成曲面、 角板、 槽板等异形板。
当 C型建筑围护结构做为外墙体使用时， 在板材 C1的内侧面层可设有隔汽 层， 以利于在严寒地区作为外墙体时的防潮。
所述的 C2板可以用没有水泥发泡的其它类板所构成， 例如： 用于外墙时， C2板可以用石膏板构成。
所述的 C型建筑围护结构中的钢结构型钢骨架的构件应在工厂内生产， 施 工现场安装， 建筑物的各种荷载均由钢结构型钢骨架所承受。 在施工现场， 可 先进行钢结构型钢骨架的安装， 再进行板材 Cl、 C2的安装。 在安装时可根据受 力的不同而选择不同的螺钉或铆钉， 再通过板材 Cl、 C2上的所设有的内置连接 件及固定孔， 与钢结构型钢骨架固定； 固定后， 可用专用修补材料将固定孔填 补。 专用修补材料可为水泥与轻质保温材料的混合物， 如： 水泥与珍珠岩的混 合物、 水泥与聚苯乙稀的混合物等。 此外， 在板材 Cl、 C2之间所形成的中空 层， 可用于施工过程中的各种管线的设置。
本发明还提供一种异型柱结构， 它是由异型钢管混凝土或型钢桁架组成， 在建筑结构中与墙体厚度相同， 并能实现 L型、 τ型、 +字型组合， 可替代所 述的型钢柱。 对于截面尺寸太于墙体厚度的型钢柱， 可选用异型 C3型板对钢柱进行耐火 装饰装修； 也可选用装饰造型柱的方案进行装修。
(详见本发明人的中国发明专利申请： 0010 0541.3 )
所述的各种承重围护结构可相互配合使用， 并与型钢柱、 楼板、 建筑装饰 件， 吊顶板、 隔墙板组成多种形式钢结构建筑。
型钢柱可由 Γ、 Τ、 +组合柱所构成。
型钢柱可与 A、 B、 C桁架式建筑围护结构配合， 并在其上端、 下端同时支 撑楼板； 若其在不同楼层中交错放置， 可组成双倍于柱距的大开间房屋结构； 桁架和吊顶板所组成的耐火轻质楼板与各种承重墙体一起组成大开间房屋。 其 中桁架可以为钢质及木质桁架。 所述的楼板， 可采用现场支模现浇钢筋混凝土 楼板； 或钢模、 木模、 现浇钢筋混凝土楼板； 或预应力叠合板现浇钢筋混凝土 楼板； 或可用发泡水泥吊顶板与桁架组成耐火轻质楼板。
所述的吊顶板， 可采用 C型板做吊顶板。 本发明所提供的一种装配式隔墙板， 它是在发泡水泥中设置加强肋； 在发 泡水泥的表面设有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 且在水泥面层与发泡水泥的结合 部设置钢筋水泥筋； 在板材的左右两侧还设有连接槽； 在板材的上下端设有螺 栓固定件， 且螺栓固定件与加强肋连接固定； 在屋顶及地面相应位置设有孔或 设有沟槽， 且用螺栓连接固定。
在大开间建筑中可选用装配式隔墙板， 可根据实际需要而实现房间格局的 各种形式的组合。
(详见本发明人的中国发明专利申请： 0010 0544.8 ) 本发明还提供一种具有耐火性能的建筑造型成型工艺方法， 它是利用发泡 水泥可在模具中成型和易加工的特点而完成各种内外建筑造型装饰及园林建筑 造型的方法， 包括：
第一步： 可先将加强肋及小内置连接件与发泡水泥浇注在一起；
第二步： 将发泡水泥表面加工成装饰所需的形状， 并将埋在发泡水泥中的 加强肋的一部分按照钢筋水泥筋的要求布置， 暴露在发泡水泥的表面；
第三步： 将带有抗裂材料的面层喷涂或涂刷在发泡水泥表面。 这种先制作发泡水泥体， 待发泡水泥体固化后将其表面加工成各种形状， 并同时将已在发泡水泥中的钢筋有目的的外露， 通过面层的喷涂， 在形成面层 的同时又形成了钢筋水泥筋， 以完成造型的方式， 既容易实现各种造型， 又通 过钢筋水泥筋加强了面层与发泡水泥的连接强度。
用此方法可以进行 A型板、 B型板、 C型板、 面层及连接槽的制作， 可完成 用于各种装饰图案的加工； 用于屋面时各种瓦棱及瓦状屋顶排水装饰的加工。
所述的建筑装饰造型， 主要由闭孔水泥发泡体与装饰面层构成； 由钢骨架 确定出装饰体的主体形状； 加强肋与型钢骨架机械固定， 并与设置在发泡水泥 体与装饰面层中的钢筋水泥筋相连接； 在所述的水泥发泡体中可设有内置连接 件及固定孔。
所述的建筑装饰造型， 可实现沿口、 柱头、 门楣、 柱子外形、 扶手等各种 建筑造型的装饰； 也可用于各种室内外造型装饰， 例如： 假山石、 花园雕塑、 布景建筑等。
(详见本发明人的中国发明专利： 专利申请号为： 00100545.6 ) 本发明提供的一种用于旧楼房改造的钢结构建筑的方法， 它是利用原有重 型结构楼房的基础， 选用本发明人的 A型、 B型、 C型桁架式建筑围护结构为分 户墙， A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构为外墙； 装配式隔墙板为内隔墙； 并配套 型钢柱、 楼板、 建筑造型、 吊顶板的结构形式， 先将钢柱与旧楼房结构体系相 连， 在原有楼房顶层以上开始按轻型方案建设， 并在基础技术条件允许情况 下， 对基础进行适用新轻质结构建筑的改造。 再配套各种现浇楼板， 将型钢柱 以一定的安全方式与楼房有一定的连接， 并设置临时支撑及拉绳， 保证整体建 筑的稳定性。 并根据旧楼房的基础情况而确定新楼可能建造的层数， 从旧楼的 楼顶上开始建造具有新格局的房屋， 随着新建筑楼房高度的增加， 同时对旧楼 房进行自上而下的拆除及改造， 拆除与新建必须在建筑基础允许承受的荷载范 围内实施， 最终将旧楼房全部拆除， 并对旧楼房的基础进行必要的改造。 用此 技术便完成了在原有旧楼房基础上， 拆除旧楼房， 建立新楼房的旧楼房改造工 程。
在本发明中还采用了本发明人的另一发明专利技术， 即： "一种民用建筑 物的建造方法" （其专利申请号为： 99109102.7 ) 中的在钢主体结构框架的钢 柱上设有斜拉索结构的技术， 以保证建设过程中的稳定性。 它是在钢主体结构 框架的最底层钢柱与地面的连接部位设有钢靴结构， 以增加其与地面的接触 面， 以保证建设过程中垂直荷载作用下的稳定性。 利用这一技术， 可实现在原 有的平房或矮楼层的顶上先搭建平台， 保证下层平房或矮楼的正常生活， 在平 台基础上建设上层房屋； 待上层房屋具备居住条件时， 再将下面居民搬至上 层； 再拆除下层旧建筑及下层及基础施工。
所述的斜拉索结构可以用单体钢结构建筑物间有效的连接钢结构所完成。 通过钢结构单体建筑中预先设计的、 可与主结构相连接的连接体， 并配套单体 建筑以外的钢结构件， 使相邻钢结构建筑物连接在一起， 使单体建筑变成群体 建筑整体结构中的部分结构， 以实现群体建筑的稳定性， 从而使每个单体建筑 的稳定性也同时得到保证。 在本发明中可将新改造的楼房横向连接在一起， 形 成建筑群， 以实现更大范围内的稳固及多样化的立体家居， 可建造空中花园、 商场、 运动中心等。
本发明这种用于旧楼房改造的钢结构建筑的方法， 为保证在原有旧建筑基 础上完成的比原楼房增高的新建筑的横向稳定性， 可用钢结构连接体， 将相邻 钢结构建筑物连接在一起， 使单体建筑变成群体建筑整体结构中的部分结构， 以实现群体建筑的稳定性， 从而使每个单体建筑的稳定性也同时得到保证。 钢 结构连接体可由 A型、 B型、 C型三种建筑围护结构所组成， 使其成为空中建 筑。 在施工过程中可用拉绳的方法临时固定。 其中， 所述的连接体可以为各种 形状， 如： 做成通廊、 拱桥或共字型； 所述的连接体也可以成片将若干栋单体 建筑连接为一体。
为保证在原有旧建筑基础上完成的比原楼房增高的新建筑的横向稳定性， 可用钢结构连接体， 将相邻钢结构建筑物连接在一起， 使单体建筑变成群体建 筑整体结构中的部分结构， 以实现群体建筑的稳定性， 从而使每个单体建筑的 稳定性也同时得到保证。 钢结构连接体可由 A型、 B型、 C型三种建筑围护结构 所组成， 使其成为空中建筑。 在施工过程中可用拉绳的方法临时固定。
(详见本发明人的中国发明专利： 专利申请号为： 00100 693.2 ) 附图的简要说明 图 1为本发明建筑结构体系结构示意图。
图 2-1为本发明的 A型建筑围护结构示意图。
图 2-2-1为本发明的搭接式 A型板的结构示意图。
图 2-2-2为本发明的插接式 A型板的结构示意图。
图 2-2-3为本发明的对接式 A型板的结构示意图。 图 2-3为本发明密柱式 A型建筑围护结构实施例 1示意图。
图 2-4为本发明桁架式 A型建筑围护结构实施例 2示意图。
图 3-1为本发明 B型建筑围护结构示意图。
图 3-2-1为本发明的搭接式 B1型板的结构示意图。
图 3-2-2为本发明的插接式 B1型板的结构示意图。
图 3-2-3为本发明的对接式 B1型板的结构示意图。
图 3-3-1为本发明的搭接式 B2型板的结构示意图。
图 3-3-2为本发明的插接式 B2型板的结构示意图。
图 3-3-3为本发明的对接式 B2型板的结构示意图。
图 3-4为本发明密柱式 B型建筑围护结构实施例 1示意图。
图 3-5为本发明桁架式 B型建筑围护结构实施例 2示意图。
图 4-1为本发明的 C型建筑围护结构示意图。
图 4-2-1为本发明的搭接式 C型板的结构示意图。
图 4-2-2为本发明的插接式 C型板的结构示意图。
图 4-2-3为本发明的对接式 C型板的结构示意图。
图 4-3为本发明密柱式 C型建筑围护结构实施例 1示意图。
图 4-4为本发明组合柱 C型建筑围护结构实施例 2示意图。
图 4-5为本发明桁架式 C型建筑围护结构实施例 3示意图。
图 4-6为本发明的异型 C型建筑围护结构实施例 4示意图。
图 5为本发明装配式隔墙板结构示意图。
图 6-1为本发明装饰造型实施例 1结构示意图。
图 6-2为本发明装饰造型实施例 2结构示意图。
图 7为本发明用于旧楼房改造的钢结构建筑方法示意图。 实施本发明的最任方式 下面结合实施例及说明书附图， 对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图 1所示， 本发明建筑结构体系结构：
本发明主要由可承重建筑围护结构 111 , 型钢柱体 222， 楼板 333, 建筑装 饰造型 444， 吊顶板 555， 装配隔墙板 666所组成， 其特征在于： 可承重建筑围护 结构 111是由 A型建筑围护结构、 B型建筑围护结构、 C型建筑围护结构组成。 其 中， 所述的 A型建筑围护结构， 由若干块 A型板材构成； 所述的 B型建筑围护结 构， 分别由两块相配合的板材 Bl、 B2构成； 所述的 C型建筑围护结构， 分别由 两块与其配合的板材 Cl、 C2构成。 如图 2- 1所示， 本发明的 A型建筑围护结构， 是在发泡水泥材料 1中设有加 强肋 6， 在其外表层设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4; 在发泡水泥 1与水泥面层 4 的结合部位可设有钢筋水泥加强筋 2; 在发泡水泥材料 1内设有与加强肋 6机械 固定的钢结构型钢骨架 5; 在板材的外表面设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件 7; 在其 周边设有连接槽 9。
此外， 在连接槽 9的结合处可加入密封胶， 以起到防水的作用。
如图 2-2-1所示， 本发明的搭接式 A型板， 是在发泡水泥材料 1中设有加强肋 6； 在其外表层设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4; 在发泡水泥 1与水泥面层 4的结 合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋 2 ; 在发泡水泥材料 1内设有与加强肋 6机械固定的 钢结构型钢骨架 5 ; 在板材的外表面设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件 7; 在其周边设 有搭接式连接槽 91。 当用于屋面时， 水泥上面层可为瓦棱形状， 搭接式连接槽 的形状为瓦棱板搭接形状。
如图 2-2-2所示， 插接式 A型板与搭接式 A型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设 有插接式连接槽 92。
如图 2-2-3所示， 对接式 A型板与搭接式 A型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设 有对接式连接槽 93。
本发明 A型建筑围护结构有二种最佳实施例：
实施例 1 ： 如图 2-3所示， 密柱式 A型建筑围护结构由 Al、 A2、 A3、 A4板 所构成， 每块板内可设有横杆 51、 立柱 52、 斜杆 53、 横杆连接件 51 1、 立柱连接 件 521。 立柱 52可由立柱组成的桁架替代， 构成组合柱， 可设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交叉处， 及建筑受力所需的任何位置。
实施例 2 : 如图 2-4所示， 整体桁架式 A型建筑围护结构由 Al、 A2板组成， 在板内均设置横杆 51， 竖杆 52， 斜杆 53所形成的桁架钢骨架， 在板接缝处通过 型钢骨架连接件 54的连接作用将 Al， A2板内的桁架连接成为整体， 并与两端设 置的柱体 222形成建筑结构体系， 其中， 柱体可以为各种型钢柱、 钢管混凝土 柱、 及「型、 丄型、 +型异型钢管混凝土柱、 及「、 丄、 +型桁架组合柱。 其 可设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交叉处， 及建筑受力所 需的任何位置。 如图 3- 1所示， 本发明的 B型建筑围护结构， 分别由两块与其配合的板材 Bl、 B2构成， 在板材 B l、 B2中分别设有发泡水泥体 1 ; 及钢筋水泥加强筋 2, 及加强肋 6; 且在板材 Bl、 B2的外表层还设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4， 其 特征在于： 在板材 B1的发泡水泥材料 1中设有与加强肋 6机械固定的钢结构型钢 骨架 5， 且钢结构型钢骨架 5的一部分外露； 并在其上设有钢结构型钢骨架连接 件 71 ; 在板材 B2内设有内置连接件 72及固定孔 8; 在板材 Bl、 B2的周边还设有 还设有连接槽 9; 在板材 B1的内侧面层上还设有一隔汽层 10， 以利于在严寒地 区外墙体的防潮。
此外， 在连接槽 9的结合处， 还可以加入密封胶， 以起到防水的作用。 如图 3-2-1所示， 本发明的搭接式 B1型板材， 是在发泡水泥材料 1中设有加 强肋 6， 在其一侧的外表层设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4; 在发泡水泥 1与水 泥面层 4的结合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋 2 ; 在其发泡水泥材料 1中设有与加强 肋 6机械固定的钢结构型钢骨架 5， 且钢结构型钢骨架 5的一部分外露； 并在其 上设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件 71； 在其周边还设有搭接式连接槽 91。
如图 3-2-2所示， 插接式 B1型板与搭接式 B1型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设 有插接式连接槽 92。
如图 3-2-3所示， 对接式 B1型板与搭接式 B1型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设 有对接式连接槽 93。
如图 3-3-1所示， 本发明的 B2型板材， 是在发泡水泥材料 1中设有加强肋 6， 其特征在于： 在其一侧的外表层设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4; 在发泡水泥 1与水泥面层 4的结合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋 3 ; 在其另一侧设有内置连接件 72 及固定孔 8; 在其周边还设有连接槽 91。
如图 3-3-2所示， 插接式 B2型板与搭接式 B2型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设 有插接式连接槽 92。
如图 3-3-3所示， 对接式 B2型板与搭接式 B2型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设 有对接式连接槽 93。
本发明 B型建筑围护结构有二种最佳实施例：
实施例 1： 如图 3-4所示， 密柱式 B型建筑围护结构： 它由横杆 51、 横杆桁 架 511、 立柱 52、 斜杆 53、 型钢骨架连接件 71为钢骨架构成的 B1及 B2板构成。 上述型钢骨架中的立柱 52, 可由立柱 52所形成的桁架所替代， 并组成 Γ、 ^、
+型桁架组合柱， 设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交叉 处， 及建筑受力所需的任何位置。
实施例 2 : 如图 3-5所示， 整体桁架式 Β型墙体结构： 它由横杆 51、 竖杆 52、 斜杆 53、 型钢骨架连接件 71为钢骨架构成的 B1及 Β2板构成。 此种墙体结构在建 筑上使用时还应在整体桁架的两端设有型钢柱体 222。 其中， 柱体可以为各种 型钢柱、 钢管混凝土柱、 及「型、 1型、 +型异型钢管混凝土柱、 及 r、 1、 +型桁架组合柱。 其可设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交 叉处， 及建筑受力所需的任何位置。 如图 4- 1所示， 本发明的 C型建筑围护结构分别由两块与其配合的板材 Cl、 C2构成， 在板材 Cl、 C2中分别设有发泡水泥体 1 ; 及钢筋水泥加强筋 2， 及加强 肋 6; 且在板材 Cl、 C2的外表层还设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4; 在板材 C C2之间设有钢结构型钢骨架 5; 在板材 Cl、 C2内还设有内置连接件 7及固 定孔 8; 在板材 Cl、 C2的周边还设有连接槽 9。 在所述的板材 C1的内层， 还可 设有一隔汽层 10, 以利于在严寒地区作为外墙体时的防潮。
此外， 在连接槽 9的结合处， 可以加入密封胶， 以起到防水的作用。
如图 4-2-1所示， 本发明搭接式 C型板， 它在发泡水泥材料 1中设有加强肋 6 ， 在其一侧的外表层设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4 ; 在其另一侧设有内置连 接件 7 ; 且在内置连接件的位置还设有固定孔 8 ; 在发泡水泥 1与水泥面层 4的结 合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋 2; 在其周边还设有搭接式连接槽 91。
如图 4-2-2所示， 插接式 C型板与搭接式 C型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设有 插接式连接槽 92。
如图 4-2-3所示， 对接式 C型板与搭接式 C型板所不同之处为： 其周边可设有 对接式连接槽 93。
本发明 C型建筑围护结构有四种最佳实施例：
实施例 1 : 如图 4-3所示， 密柱式 C型建筑围护结构： 它由横杆 51、 横杆桁架 51 1、 竖杆 52、 斜杆 53、 及横向布置的板材 C l、 C2构成。
实施例 2 : 如图 4-4所示， 密柱式 +组合柱式 C型建筑围护结构： 它由立柱形 成的桁架而相互组合成「、 1、 +型组合柱 54、 横杆 51、 立柱 521及竖向布置的 板材 Cl、 C2构成。 其中， 组合柱 54可设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界 处、 内隔墙的交叉处， 及建筑受力所需的任何位置， 而形成 「、 1、 +型组合 柱。 可用发泡水泥吊顶板 555与桁架 334组成耐火轻质楼板 333。
实施例 3 : 如图 4-5所示， 整体桁架式 C型墙体结构： 它由横杆 51、 竖杆 52、 斜杆 53、 及板材 Cl、 C2构成。 此种建筑围护结构在建筑上使用时还应在整体桁 架的两端设有型钢柱体 222。 其中， 柱体可以为各种型钢柱、 钢管混凝土柱、 及「型、 丄型、 +型异型钢管混凝土柱、 及「、 丄、 +型桁架组合柱。 其可设 在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交叉处， 及建筑受力所需的 任何位置。
实施例 4 : 如图 4-6所示， 异型 C3型板： 对于截面尺寸大于墙体厚度的型钢 柱 2 , 可选用异型 C3型板对钢柱进行耐火装饰装修。 如图 5所示， 本发明装配式隔墙板结构： 本发明是在发泡水泥 1中设置加强 肋 6; 在发泡水泥 1的表面设有抗裂材料 3增强的水泥面层 4; 且在水泥面层 4与发 泡水泥 1的结合部设置钢筋水泥筋 2; 在板材的左右两侧还设有连接槽 9 ; 在板 材的上下端设有螺栓固定件 5， 且螺栓固定件 5与加强肋 6连接固定。 如图 6- 1所示， 本发明装饰造型实施例 1 : 一种装饰造型柱， 它主要由闭孔 水泥发泡体 1与装饰面层 4构成； 它由钢骨架 5确定出装饰体的主体形状； 加强肋 6与型钢骨架 5机械固定， 并与设置在发泡水泥体 1与装饰面层 4中的钢筋水泥筋 2 相连接； 在所述的水泥发泡体 1中可设有内置连接件 7及固定孔 8。
如图 6-2所示， 本发明装饰造型实施例 2: —种楼梯扶手， 其主体形状由钢 骨架 5所确定； 在发泡水泥体 1内设有加强肋 6; 并在其表面设有抗裂材料 3增强 的装饰面层 4; 且在发泡水泥体 1与装饰面层 4的结合部设置钢筋水泥筋 2。 由上 述技术特征共同构成了具有装饰及防火效果的楼梯扶手装饰造型体。 如图 1、 图 7所示， 本发明用于旧楼房改造的钢结构建筑方法： 它是用轻 型钢结构建筑体系， 由于其整体结构重量轻， 可合理使用重混凝土结构旧楼房 的基础， 使原有楼房层数加高， 内部结构改变， 利用大桁架建筑围护结构 13加 外型钢柱体 222的方案， 根据重量及基础受力情况计算， 每加高一定层数便拆 掉旧楼房中相应楼层； 可选用 A型、 B型、 C型桁架式建筑围护结构为分户墙； A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构为外墙； 装配式隔墙板 66为内隔墙； 配套型钢柱 222、 楼板 333、 建筑造型 44、 吊顶板 555的结构形式， 随着新建筑楼房高度的增 加， 同时对旧楼房进行自上而下的拆除及改造， 而使得旧楼房的格局全部被替 换； 并可在施工时设置临时支撑 14及拉绳 15。
工业应用性 本发明施工周期短； 设计生产施工易标准化， 产业化； 同时具有保温、 承 重装饰、 防火、 耐火、 防水、 节能等多项优良性； 综合造价低； 使用空间大， 并能够实现大开间， 配套装配式隔墙板可以使空间任意组合； 特别适用于房地 产快速开发， 城市改造及村镇住宅开发； 由于钢结构具有很好的抗震性能， 且 围护结构为轻型结构， 最适于作为地震多发地区建筑及救灾建筑； 在工厂化生 产的实施方案中， 可以实现高度集成化的建筑， 可将采暖， 空调， 音响， 厨 房， 卫生间， 保健运动房， 室内外装饰等， 有可能在工厂化生产完成的工作全 部在工厂内完成； 或制作成半成品， 在现场进行简单地安装， 使建筑与装修尽 量一次完成， 以降低房屋的总造价。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种由发泡水泥与轻钢结构构成的建筑结构体系， 分为中低层建筑结构体 系和中高层建筑结构体系，
其特征在于： 中低层建筑结构体系由 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构、 楼板， 建 筑装饰造型， 吊顶板， 装配式隔墙板所组成； 中高层建筑结构体系由 A型、 B 型、 C型建筑围护结构、 型钢柱、 楼板， 建筑装饰造型、 装配式隔墙板、 吊顶 板所组成。
2、 如权利要求 1中所述的建筑结构体系，
其特征在于： 所述的 A型建筑围护结构， 由现场发泡 A型围护结构及工厂生产 A 型板现场组装围护结构所组成； 所述的 B型建筑围护结构， 由 B1型板、 B2型板 现场装配所组成； 所述的 C型建筑围护结构， 由两块 C型板 C l、 C2夹含型钢骨 架所组成。
3、 一种 A型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 由若干块 A型板材构成， 它是将设在板材的外表面上的钢结构型 钢骨架连接件相互机械固定； 或与建筑主体钢结构机械固定而构成。
4、 如权利要求 2或 3中所述的 A型板材，
其特征在于： 它在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其外表层设有抗裂材料增 强的水泥面层； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位可设有钢筋水泥加强筋； 在 发泡水泥材料内设有与加强肋机械固定的钢结构型钢骨架； 在板材的外表面设 有钢结构型钢骨架连接件； 在其周边设有连接槽。
5、 一种 B型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 分别由两块相配合的板材 B l、 B2构成， 在板材 Bl、 B2中分别设 有发泡水泥体； 及钢筋水泥加强筋， 及加强肋； 且在板材 B l、 B2的外表层还设 有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在板材 B 1的发泡水泥材料中设有与加强肋机械固 定的钢结构型钢骨架， 且钢结构型钢骨架的一部分外露； 并在其上设有钢结构 型钢骨架连接件； 在板材 B2内设有内置连接件及固定孔； 在板材 B l、 B2的周边 还设有连接槽； 且 B2板中内置连接件与 B1板中的钢结构型钢骨架机械固定。
6、 如权利要求 2或 5中所述的 B1型板材，
其特征在于： 它在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其一侧的外表层设有抗裂材 料增强的水泥面层； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋； 在其发泡水泥材料中设有与加强肋机械固定的钢结构型钢骨架， 且钢结构型钢 骨架的一部分外露； 并在其上设有钢结构型钢骨架连接件； 在其周边还设有连 接槽。
7、 如权利要求 2或 5中所述的 B2型板材，
其特征在于： 它在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其一侧的外表层设有抗裂材 料增强的水泥面层； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋； 在其另一侧设有内置连接件及固定孔； 在其周边还设有连接槽。
8、 一种 C型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 分别由两块与其配合的板材 Cl、 C2构成， 在板材 Cl、 C2中分别 设有发泡水泥体； 及钢筋水泥加强筋， 及加强肋； 且在板材 C l、 C2的外表层还 设有抗裂材料增强的水泥面层； 在板材 Cl、 C2之间设有钢结构型钢骨架； 在板 材 Cl、 C2内还设有内置连接件及固定孔； 在板材 Cl、 C2的周边还设有连接 槽。
9、 如权利要求 2或 8中所述的 C型板材，
其特征在于： 它在发泡水泥材料中设有加强肋， 在其一侧的外表层设有抗裂材 料增强的水泥面层； 在其另一侧设有内置连接件； 且在内置连接件的位置还设 有固定孔； 在发泡水泥与水泥面层的结合部位设有钢筋水泥加强筋； 在其周边 还设有连接槽。
10、 如权利要求 i或 2中所述的建筑结构体系，
其特征在于： 所述的 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围护结构也可将设在板材的外表面上 的钢结构型钢骨架与建筑主体钢结构机械固定而构成。 A型、 B型、 C型建筑围 护结构可应用于墙体及屋面。
11、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑结构体系，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥材料的密度为： 150kg/m3 - 400kg/m3 ; 导热系数 为： 0.035〜0.08W/MK; 且其不需要高温蒸养； 并其具有不透水性； 及具有闭孔 泡孔结构。
12、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥材料， 是以硅酸二^、 无水硫铝酸钙、 二水硫酸 钙为主要原料的水泥或在上述成份中再加入一定量硅酸三钙而形成的复合水泥 作为胶凝材料， 并加入发泡剂、 改性剂， 搅伴发泡而成。
13、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构， 其特征在于： 在所述的发泡水泥中， 还可加入适当的纤维材料， 或有机树脂， 以增加其韧性； 所述的纤维类材料， 可选用高分子纤维、 玻璃纤维、 碳纤维或 纤维素。
14、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥， 也可用比重大于 400Kg/m3、 导热系数大于 0. 08W/MK的此类或其它类发泡水泥、 发泡石膏、 轻质保温材料与胶凝材料混合 物所构成。
15、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥材料的组分及含量为： 硅酸二钙 10-70%、 无水硫 铝酸钙 10-70%、 二水硫酸钙 10-70%、 硅酸三钙 0-90%、 水 10-50%; 并加入发泡 剂 1-10%、 改性剂 1-10%; 且进行搅伴发泡而成。
16、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥面层， 可以由具有一定弹性的面层构成， 其内可 不设置钢筋水泥加强筋。
17、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥面层， 可以制作成砖缝图案、 各种仿石图案、 瓦 棱形状、 各种装饰线条或其它装饰图案。
18、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的发泡水泥面层， 还可以制成各种颜色或与其它各种颜色装 饰材料复合使用。
19、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的连接槽， 可以为搭接式连接槽， 且搭接式连接槽的形状可 为瓦棱板搭接形状； 所述的连接槽， 也可以为插接式连接槽； 或为对接式连接 槽。
20、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 在所述的连接槽的结合处， 可以加入密封材料， 以起到防水的作 用， 如： 各种材质的密封胶、 以及聚氨脂发泡沫体。
21、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的加强肋， 可以是钢筋桁架； 或小截面型钢； 或在其壁上带 孔洞的小截面型钢。
22、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的抗裂材料， 可以是钢丝网、 纤维材料、 纤维材料网格布、 纤维素或有机树脂。
23、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的钢筋水泥加强筋， 是由钢筋及包含在钢筋周围的一定厚度 的水泥所形成的钢筋水泥型体所构成， 且钢筋应与加强肋或在发泡水泥中具有 锚固作用的其它钢筋相连接。
24、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的小截面型钢或钢筋桁架加强肋可用其它类筋骨材料所构 成。
25、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的型钢骨架中的型钢， 可用比它更小截面的型钢做成的桁架 及桁架拼成的骨架所构成。
26、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的型钢骨架、 桁架， 也可用木质骨架、 桁架及其组合成的骨 架所构成。
27、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的内置连接件， 可在板材的四周及中心部位任意位置设置， 以用于实现与钢骨架的螺栓 （钉） 连接或铆接； 在固定孔的位置， 连接钉将内 置连接件与钢骨架固定。
28、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建^ [围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的型钢柱， 可采用各种截面型钢， 例如： H型、 方钢管、 圆 钢管； 或钢管混凝土柱； 或 1、 丁、 +型异型钢管混凝土柱。
29、 如权利要求 1至 10中所述的建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 所述的板材， 可做成曲面、 角板、 槽板等异形板。
30、 如权利要求 1至 3中所述的 A型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 密柱式 A型建筑围护结构由 Al 、 A2、 A3、 A4板所构成， 每块板 内可设有横杆、 立柱、 斜杆、 横杆连接件、 立柱连接件； 立柱 52可由立柱组成 的桁架所替代， 而构成组合柱， 可设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交叉处， 及建筑受力所需的任何位置。
31、 如权利要求 1至 3中所述的 A型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 整体桁架式 A型建筑围护结构由 AI 、 A2板组成， 在板内均设置横 杆， 竖杆， 斜杆所形成的桁架钢骨架， 在板接缝处通过型钢骨架连接件的连接 作用将 Al ， A2板内的桁架连接成为整体， 并在其与两端设有柱体。
32、 如权利要求 1或 5中所述的 B型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 密柱式 B型建筑围护结构由横杆、 横杆桁架、 立柱、 斜杆、 型钢 骨架连接件为钢骨架构成的 B1及 B2板构成。
33、 如权利要求 1或 5中所述的 B型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 整体桁架式 B型建筑围护结构由横杆、 竖杆、 斜杆、 型钢骨架连 接件为钢骨架构成的 B1及 B2板构成。
34、 如权利要求 1或 8中所述的 C型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 密柱式 C型建筑围护结构由横杆、 横杆桁架、 竖杆、 斜杆、 及横 向布置的板材 Cl、 C2构成。
35、 如权利要求 1或 8中所述的 C型建筑围护结构，
其特征在于： 密柱式 +组合柱式 C型建筑围护结构由立柱形成的桁架而相互组合 成 厂、 1、 +型组合柱、 横杆、 立柱及竖向布置的板材 Cl、 C2构成。
36、 如权利要求 1或 8中所述的 C型建筑围护结构， 其特征在于： 整体桁架式 C 型墙体结构由横杆、 竖杆、 斜杆及板材 Cl、 C2构成； 其柱体可以为各种型钢 柱、 钢管混凝土柱、 及「型、 丄型、 +型异型钢管混凝土柱、 及 r、 丄、 +型 桁架组合柱； 其可设在建筑物的角部， 外墙与内墙的交界处、 内隔墙的交叉 处， 及建筑受力所需的任何位置。
37、 一种异型柱结构，
其特征在于： 由异型钢管混凝土或型钢桁架组成， 在建筑结构中与墙体厚度相 同， 并能实现 L型、 丁型、 +字型组合， 可替代所述的型钢柱。
38、 一种装配式轻质隔墙板，
其特征在于： 在发泡水泥中设置加强肋； 在发泡水泥的表面设有抗裂材料增强 的水泥面层； 且在水泥面层与发泡水泥的结合部设置钢筋水泥筋； 在板材的左 右两侧还设有连接槽； 在板材的上下端设有螺栓固定件， 且螺栓固定件与加强 肋连接固定； 在屋顶及地面相应位置设有孔或设有沟槽， 且用螺栓连接固定。
39、 如权利要求 1或 38中所述的装配式轻质隔墙板，
其特征在于： 所述的板材形状可以根据需求制成为角形、 弧形状。
40、 如权利要求 1或 38中所述的装配式轻质隔墙板，
其特征在于： 所述的螺栓固定件起到隔断墙与屋顶及地板固定的作用， 可用铆 接、 插接等固接方法实现。
41、 一种具有耐火性能的建筑造型成型工艺方法，
其特征在于： 它是利用发泡水泥可在模具中成型和易加工的特点而完成各种内 外建筑造型装饰及园林建筑造型的方法， 包括：
a、 可先将加强肋及小内置连接件与发泡水泥浇注在一起；
b、 将发泡水泥表面加工成装饰所需的形状， 并将埋在发泡水泥中的加强肋 的一部分按照钢筋水泥筋的要求布置， 暴露在发泡水泥的表面；
c、 将带有抗裂材料的面层喷涂或涂刷在发泡水泥表面。
42、 如权利要求 41中所述的具有耐火性能的建筑造型，
其特征在于： 主要由闭孔水泥发泡体与装饰面层构成； 由钢骨架确定出装饰体 的主体形状； 加强肋与型钢骨架机械固定， 并与设置在发泡水泥体与装饰面层 中的钢筋水泥筋相连接； 在所述的水泥发泡体中可设有内置连接件及固定孔。
43、 如权利要求 41所述的具有耐火性能的建筑造型成型工艺方法，
其特征在于： 它可用于各种发泡水泥板材面层、 钢筋水泥筋及各种连接槽的制 作。
44、 如权利要求 41所述的具有耐火性能的建筑造型成型工艺方法，
其特征在于： 也可先制作发泡水泥体， 待发泡水泥体固化后将其表面加工成各 种形状， 并同时将己在发泡水泥中的钢筋有目的的外露， 通过面层的喷涂， 在 形成面层的同时又形成了钢筋水泥筋。
45、 如权利要求 41所述的具有耐火性能的建筑造型成型工艺方法，
其特征在于： 利用本发明这种方法可生产出许多以发泡水泥为造型的模型， 而 形成许多装饰防火制品。
46、 一种用于旧楼房改造的钢结构建筑的方法，
其特征在于： 它是用轻型钢结构建筑体系， 利用原有重型传统结构楼房的基 础， 可选用 A型桁架式墙体， B型桁架墙体， C型桁架式墙体为分户墙； A型、 B 型、 C型墙体为外墙； 装配式隔墙板为内隔墙； 配套型钢柱、 楼板、 建筑造 型、 吊顶板的结构形式， 随着新建筑楼房高度的增加， 同时对旧楼房进行自上 而下的拆除及改造， 而使得旧楼房的格局全部被替换； 为保证在原有旧建筑基 础上完成的比原楼房增高的新建筑的横向稳定性， 可用钢结构连接体， 将相邻 钢结构建筑物连接在一起， 使单体建筑变成群体建筑整体结构中的部分结构， 以实现群体建筑的稳定性， 从而使每个单体建筑的稳定性也同时得到保证， 在 施工过程中可用拉绳的方法临时固定。
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CN1195135C (zh) 2005-03-30
CN1344343A (zh) 2002-04-10
US20040255534A1 (en) 2004-12-23
US6871466B2 (en) 2005-03-29
AU2531900A (en) 2001-01-02
US7040066B2 (en) 2006-05-09
US6779314B1 (en) 2004-08-24

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