WO2000077449A1 - Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustible - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000077449A1
WO2000077449A1 PCT/EP2000/004959 EP0004959W WO0077449A1 WO 2000077449 A1 WO2000077449 A1 WO 2000077449A1 EP 0004959 W EP0004959 W EP 0004959W WO 0077449 A1 WO0077449 A1 WO 0077449A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier gas
oxygen carrier
combustion chamber
primary
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2000/004959
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Juergen Kruczek
Hartmut Seifert
Detlef Altemark
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOn Ruhrgas AG
Original Assignee
Ruhrgas AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ruhrgas AG filed Critical Ruhrgas AG
Publication of WO2000077449A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000077449A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/32—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid using a mixture of gaseous fuel and pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for burning fluidförmigem or fluidisable, preferably gaseous fuel in a understöchiome- trical primary zone while supplying the carrier gas of a primary oxygen and carrier gas in a subsequent superstoichiometric rule ⁇ secondary zone under supply of a secondary oxygen.
  • the entire combustion technology strives to improve efficiency and limit pollutant emissions.
  • This is also the object of the invention, in particular when applied to high-temperature processes.
  • the method mentioned at the outset is characterized according to the invention in that the primary oxygen carrier gas is introduced into the primary zone without swirl and in that the combustion products of the primary zone are subjected to an abrupt cross-sectional expansion on their way to the secondary zone.
  • a swirling combustion leads to a short, hard flame with intensive conversion and, depending on the swirl strength, also to an internal exhaust gas recirculation in the flame. According to the invention, however, a long, soft flame with slow conversion forms in the primary zone.
  • the invention offers the possibility of achieving an increase in performance and an increase in temperature while doing so at the same time to minimize pollutant emissions, in particular the generation of NO x .
  • High-temperature processes with temperatures above 1000 ° C are used in many different ways in technology, for example when melting metals, glass or ceramics and when performing sintering processes.
  • the aim is to heat up the materials to be heated as quickly as possible, which requires correspondingly high temperatures and high outputs.
  • the invention largely meets these requirements.
  • the secondary oxygen carrier gas is blown into the secondary zone in one to three jets, preferably in a single jet.
  • the reaction in the secondary zone is therefore initiated at a few points, preferably at a single point, and proceeds accordingly cheaply, namely relatively slowly.
  • This also contributes to blowing the secondary oxygen carrier gas into the secondary zone at a lateral distance from the primary zone and essentially parallel to its combustion products. After leaving the primary zone, the combustion products of the primary zone undergo a cross-sectional expansion essentially in a bulbous form. The secondary oxygen carrier gas is blown into this cross-sectional expansion, also without swirl.
  • Air can readily be used as the secondary oxygen carrier gas. On the other hand, it is more advantageous to use oxygen or air enriched with oxygen. The higher the proportion of oxygen, the lower the proportion of nitrogen that must be heated up without promoting the combustion process. A corresponding increase in temperature and performance is the result.
  • the mixing of the reactants and the stabilization of the flame can also be improved in the swirl-free combustion process in that the fuel flows into the primary gas in crossflow to the primary oxygen carrier gas. zone is introduced. Compared to a swirling combustion, sufficient mixing can thus be achieved in an energetically favorable manner.
  • the cross flow angle can be chosen arbitrarily. Particularly good results are achieved by introducing the primary oxygen carrier gas axially into the primary zone and blowing in the fuel at an angle of 45 °, specifically centrally.
  • Oxygen or air enriched with oxygen can also be used as the primary oxygen carrier gas. However, it is advantageous to work with normal ambient air in the primary zone.
  • the air ratio of the primary zone can easily be reduced to 0.2 if only oxygen is injected into the secondary zone. As a rule, one will work at 0.5 to 0.7.
  • the total air ratio is preferably close to stoichiometric at 1.05 to 1.2.
  • the invention offers the advantageous possibility of generating an atmosphere with an adjustable oxygen content, by selecting the oxygen-nitrogen ratio of the secondary oxygen carrier gas accordingly.
  • the burner for fluid or fluidisable, in particular gaseous fuels, to which the invention is further directed, is provided with a flame holder and a combustion chamber adjoining the flame holder, the flame holder having at least one passage opening for the fuel and at least one passage opening for a primary oxygen carrier gas having.
  • this burner is characterized in that the passage opening formed in the flame holder for the primary oxygen carrier gas is oriented such that the primary oxygen carrier gas enters the combustion chamber without swirl and that the combustion chamber has a sudden cross-sectional widening downstream of the flame holder .
  • This burner makes it possible to achieve the advantages discussed in connection with the method according to the invention. It can be operated in any position.
  • the passage opening for the primary oxygen carrier gas can be, for example, a continuous or interrupted annular gap. Any pattern of passage openings can also be used, for example of bores or radial gaps. It is essential that the passage openings do not generate any swirl.
  • An outlet opening, which opens next to the combustion chamber outlet, is preferably provided for a secondary oxygen carrier gas which essentially exits parallel to the combustion chamber. The oxygen carrier gas is therefore introduced into the combustion products of the primary zone at a single point, and only after the combustion chamber. So there is a strong slowdown in the combustion reaction. Possibly. the secondary zone can work without a visible combustion reaction, i.e. flameless.
  • the passage opening for the primary oxygen carrier gas formed in the flame holder can in principle have any shape, for example as an annular slot or pattern of bores and / or slots. It can also be inclined to the axis of the combustion chamber. It is advantageously aligned axially, a plurality of centrally arranged, outwardly inclined passage openings for the fuel preferably being provided. In this way, sufficient mixing is achieved with a minimum of mixing energy.
  • the abrupt cross-sectional expansion of the combustion chamber is a circumferential radial step.
  • This step which is preferably sharp-edged, serves to stabilize the flame sufficiently and to fix it to the flame holder.
  • the stage brings about a recirculation of the combustion products in the outer area of the combustion chamber, with a certain proportion possibly the furnace atmosphere can be sucked into the combustion chamber.
  • the cross section of the combustion chamber tapers, starting from the flame holder towards the sudden cross-sectional expansion and preferably also starting from the sudden cross-sectional expansion towards the combustion chamber outlet.
  • the mode of operation can therefore approach that of a pulse burner.
  • the tapering can be arched.
  • a frustoconical design is more advantageous.
  • the combustion chamber is advantageously formed in a ceramic burner block, which preferably has a channel for the secondary oxygen carrier gas which runs essentially parallel to the combustion chamber.
  • a ceramic burner block which preferably has a channel for the secondary oxygen carrier gas which runs essentially parallel to the combustion chamber.
  • the burner block into a housing which is penetrated by a channel or a lance for the secondary oxygen carrier gas.
  • the entire burner can be made in one piece from ceramic.
  • the burner has a housing 1, in which a
  • Burner stone 2 is arranged. The latter forms a combustion chamber 3, which connects to a flame holder 4.
  • the housing 1 has an air duct 5 which is connected to the combustion chamber 3 via passage openings 6. Furthermore, the housing 1 contains a gas guide 7, which
  • the passage openings 6 are aligned axially. So you let the primary air enter the combustion chamber 3 without swirl.
  • the openings 8 are arranged centrally in the flame holder 4 and at an angle of 45 ° inclined radially outwards. The gas also enters the combustion chamber 3 without swirl.
  • a lance 10, which is aligned parallel to the combustion chamber 3, ensures the supply of a secondary oxygen carrier gas, which in the present case is oxygen.
  • the outlet opening 11 of the lance 10 lies at the level of the combustion chamber outlet.
  • the secondary oxygen carrier gas is therefore mixed into the combustion products of the primary zone at a single point and, moreover, at a lateral distance from the combustion chamber outlet.
  • the combustion reaction in the secondary zone is therefore very slow, which leads to low NO x emissions.
  • the circumferential radial stage 9 which otherwise causes a certain recirculation, divides the combustion chamber 3 into two sections, namely a first section 12, which lies between the flame holder 4 and the stage 9, and a second Section 13, which extends from stage 9 to the combustion chamber outlet. Both sections are tapered in the shape of a truncated cone, so that the flow velocity of the combustion products is accelerated for the first time when passing stage 9 and a second time at the combustion chamber outlet.
  • the combustion chamber 3 is formed by the burner block 2, which, in contrast to the illustration according to FIG. 1, can also contain a channel for the secondary oxygen carrier gas.
  • the conical taper in one or both of the combustion chamber sections can thus be dispensed with.
  • the number should be limited in order not to accelerate the combustion reaction in the secondary zone too much.
  • a wide variety of variants are possible for the flame holder, as far as the shape of the passage openings for the primary air and the gas is concerned. It is essential, however, that the primary zone works without swirl. Instead of simple air, oxygen-enriched air can also be blown into the primary zone.
  • Pure oxygen or air with a high oxygen content has proven itself as a secondary oxygen carrier gas.
  • Simple air can also be used, provided that it is not a question of creating a hot furnace atmosphere with a high oxygen content.
  • the use of one or more lances for the secondary oxygen carrier gas is only one of the design options for feeding the secondary zone.
  • the secondary oxygen carrier gas reaches the secondary zone at one point or at most only a few points, namely at a lateral distance from the combustion chamber outlet. Overall, the invention allows combustion without temperature peaks with a uniform distribution of the flame in the room.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

Le combustible est brûlé dans une zone primaire au-dessous du seuil de stoechiométrie et dans une zone secondaire adjacente au-dessus du seuil de stoechiométrie. La combustion dans la zone primaire se produit de manière irrotationelle, un épaulement radial circulaire constituant un élargissement brusque de la section transversale, et stabilisant la flamme irrotationnelle. De l'air enrichi à l'oxygène est introduit dans la zone secondaire en tant que gaz secondaire porteur d'oxygène, en un seul site, latéralement à proximité de l'orifice de sortie des produits de combustion de la zone primaire. Le procédé selon la présente invention permet la production de hautes températures pour un rejet minimal de substances polluantes.
PCT/EP2000/004959 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustible Ceased WO2000077449A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19926403A DE19926403A1 (de) 1999-06-10 1999-06-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff
DE19926403.1 1999-06-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2000077449A1 true WO2000077449A1 (fr) 2000-12-21

Family

ID=7910747

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2000/004959 Ceased WO2000077449A1 (fr) 1999-06-10 2000-05-31 Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustible

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE19926403A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000077449A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103912874A (zh) * 2012-12-30 2014-07-09 梁燕龙 预混式燃气烧嘴及方法
FR3030689B1 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2016-12-23 Air Liquide Oxy-bruleur pour gaz combustible a bas pouvoir calorifique et son utilisation
WO2019049046A2 (fr) 2017-09-05 2019-03-14 John Zink Company, Llc Procédé et appareil associés à un brûleur de combustion à faibles émissions de nox et de co

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551637A1 (de) * 1966-06-14 1970-04-23 American Air Filter Co Heizvorrichtung
EP0462695A2 (fr) * 1990-06-19 1991-12-27 A.O. Smith Corporation Plaque de rétention de flamme pour brûleur
US5407345A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-04-18 North American Manufacturing Co. Ultra low NOX burner
US5431559A (en) * 1993-07-15 1995-07-11 Maxon Corporation Oxygen-fuel burner with staged oxygen supply
EP0737837A2 (fr) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-16 Eclipse, Inc. Buse d'injection à utiliser dans un brûleur

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60235910A (ja) * 1984-05-09 1985-11-22 Nippon Furnace Kogyo Kaisha Ltd 低負荷燃焼対策のバ−ナ
US4854853A (en) * 1986-12-04 1989-08-08 Kirox, Inc. Waste combustion system
DE3814619A1 (de) * 1987-04-30 1988-11-10 May Michael G Verfahren und einrichtung zum verbrennen von brennstoff

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1551637A1 (de) * 1966-06-14 1970-04-23 American Air Filter Co Heizvorrichtung
EP0462695A2 (fr) * 1990-06-19 1991-12-27 A.O. Smith Corporation Plaque de rétention de flamme pour brûleur
US5407345A (en) * 1993-04-12 1995-04-18 North American Manufacturing Co. Ultra low NOX burner
US5431559A (en) * 1993-07-15 1995-07-11 Maxon Corporation Oxygen-fuel burner with staged oxygen supply
EP0737837A2 (fr) * 1995-04-10 1996-10-16 Eclipse, Inc. Buse d'injection à utiliser dans un brûleur

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Publication number Publication date
DE19926403A1 (de) 2000-12-14

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