WO2001003192A1 - Solid state image sensing device and production method thereof - Google Patents
Solid state image sensing device and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001003192A1 WO2001003192A1 PCT/JP1999/003601 JP9903601W WO0103192A1 WO 2001003192 A1 WO2001003192 A1 WO 2001003192A1 JP 9903601 W JP9903601 W JP 9903601W WO 0103192 A1 WO0103192 A1 WO 0103192A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- film
- solid
- imaging device
- state imaging
- light receiving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/805—Coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
- H10F39/189—X-ray, gamma-ray or corpuscular radiation imagers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/331—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for filtering or shielding light, e.g. multicolour filters for photodetectors
- H10F77/334—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for filtering or shielding light, e.g. multicolour filters for photodetectors for shielding light, e.g. light blocking layers or cold shields for infrared detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device, and more particularly, to a high-sensitivity solid-state imaging device with good output image quality and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the mainstream of solid-state imaging devices uses CCDs (charge-coupled devices) for reading out signal charges.
- CCDs charge-coupled devices
- a transfer electrode is formed via a dielectric film on a semiconductor substrate on which a photodiode is formed as a light receiving portion, and further thereon, an interlayer insulating film, and a light shielding having an opening above the light receiving portion. It has a structure in which a film and a surface protection film are sequentially laminated.
- light incident from an opening of the light-shielding film is photoelectrically converted by a photodiode and integrated as signal charges. The signal charges are read out by CCD and transferred to an output amplifier.
- the incident light reaches the photodiode because the incident light is reflected on the substrate surface due to the difference in the refractive index between the silicon oxide film used as the insulating film and the silicon constituting the substrate.
- an antireflection film made of a silicon oxide film is provided between the substrate and the interlayer insulating film to reduce the loss of incident light using the multiple interference effect and improve sensitivity. It has been proposed (see JP-A-63-144466, Hei 4—15 2674 Publication).
- a charge which is thermally generated even when light does not enter the photodiode a so-called dark current
- the dark current mixes with the signal charge in response to the incident light and hinders the transmission of a signal that accurately responds to the incident image, causing a sense of roughness in the output image.
- this dark current can be reduced by supplying hydrogen to the substrate surface.
- Such supply of hydrogen is performed by hydrogen generated when forming a silicon nitride film as a surface protective layer, and more certainly, heat treatment of the substrate in a hydrogen atmosphere in a solid-state imaging device manufacturing process.
- the silicon nitride film used as an anti-reflection film in the conventional solid-state imaging device has poor hydrogen permeability due to its dense crystal structure, and the hydrogen transfer to the substrate necessary to reduce dark current is difficult. There was a problem that the supply was hindered and it was difficult to sufficiently improve the image quality.
- the silicon nitride film has a large intrinsic stress, there is a problem that "white scratches", which are defects in image quality, are likely to occur due to the effect of concentrated stress at steps and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-sensitivity solid-state imaging device having good image quality of an output image and a method of manufacturing the same, in order to solve the above-described conventional problems.
- a solid-state imaging device includes a semiconductor substrate, a light receiving portion formed in the semiconductor substrate, and an antireflection film formed above the light receiving portion.
- the film is made of an oxide having a refractive index of 1.9 or more.
- the constituent material of the anti-reflection film has a lower internal stress than the silicon nitride film that has been used in the past. Since the force is small, defects in image quality such as white scratches can be reduced. In addition, since hydrogen permeability is good, it is possible to sufficiently supply hydrogen to a substrate necessary for reducing dark current. In addition, since the refractive index is high, the sensitivity can be improved by the antireflection effect.
- the shape of the film is limited in order to ensure the permeability of hydrogen, but such a limitation is not required in the present invention. Therefore, it is possible to design the shape of the antireflection film in various ways, and by devising the shape, there is also an advantage that the sensitivity can be further increased and the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the antireflection film is preferably made of an oxide of at least one metal selected from titanium, zirconium, tantalum, zinc, and niobium.
- the preferred thickness of the antireflection film is
- the refractive index of the antireflection film is preferably at least 2.1, and particularly preferably at least 2.3.
- an interlayer is provided between an electrode for transferring the charge accumulated in the light-receiving portion and a light-shielding film formed above the electrode so that an opening is formed above the light-receiving portion.
- An insulating film is interposed, and the interlayer insulating film is preferably formed on the antireflection film above the light receiving portion, and preferably has a lower refractive index than the antireflection film.
- the thickness of the interlayer insulating film is preferably from 30 ⁇ m to 600 nm, particularly preferably from 30 nm to 100 nm. According to these preferred examples, it is possible to further increase the sensitivity of the solid-state imaging device.
- a surface protective film having a higher refractive index than the interlayer insulating film is formed on the interlayer insulating film.
- the film thickness of the surface protective film is preferably 100 nm or more and 300 nm or less, particularly preferably 100 nm or more and 180 nm or less.
- a silicon oxide film is interposed between the semiconductor substrate and the antireflection film.
- the antireflection film is preferably formed so as to cover at least the entire region where the light receiving unit is formed, and at least a part of the region where the electrodes are formed. More preferably, it is formed so as to cover. According to these preferred examples, a more reliable antireflection effect can be obtained. As described above, when the anti-reflection film is formed after the electrodes are formed, it is possible to prevent the anti-reflection film from becoming a source of contamination of the electrodes, so that a high-quality solid-state imaging device can be obtained.
- a method for manufacturing a solid-state imaging device includes a step of forming a light receiving section in a semiconductor substrate, and a step of forming an antireflection film above the light receiving section.
- the prevention film is formed of an oxide having a refractive index of 1.9 or more.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an example of the configuration of the solid-state imaging device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X 'of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y 'of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing another example of the configuration of the solid-state imaging device of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line Y-Y 'in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of measuring the light reflectance of the solid-state imaging device manufactured in Example 1.
- Figure 8 shows the results of measuring the light reflectance of a conventional solid-state imaging device. You.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of measuring the light reflectance of the solid-state imaging device manufactured in Example 2.
- FIG. 10 shows the result of measuring the light reflectance of another solid-state imaging device similarly manufactured in Example 2.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view in the XX ′ direction of FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the YY ′ direction of FIG.
- illustration of the upper structure such as the light shielding film 17 is omitted.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 is provided with a light receiving section 12 which is a photodiode, and the light receiving section 12 has a plurality of light receiving sections arranged alternately with a CCD section (not shown). Thus, they are two-dimensionally arranged on the substrate surface.
- interdigitated transfer electrodes 14 a and 14 b as shown in FIG.
- a metal light-shielding film 17 is formed thereon to prevent light from entering a region other than the light-receiving portion such as the CCD portion.
- An opening is formed in the metal light-shielding film in a portion corresponding to an upper part of the light-receiving section in order to secure light incident on the light-receiving section.
- a surface protective film 18 is formed thereon. Materials and methods conventionally used can be applied to the formation of each of the above members.
- an antireflection film 15 is formed between the light receiving section and the interlayer insulating film in the area where the light receiving section 12 is formed.
- the material of the anti-reflective coating 15 must be sufficiently permeable to hydrogen
- a metal oxide having a refractive index of 1.9 or more, for example, 1.9 or more and 2.7 or less is used.
- the metal oxide include titanium oxide (refractive index 2.2 to 2.7; the refractive index is shown in parentheses below), zirconium oxide (2.0 to 2.1). , Tantalum oxide (1.9 to 2.2), indium oxide (1.9 to 2.1), niobium oxide (2.1 to 2.3), and the like. Since these oxide films have excellent hydrogen permeability, the above-mentioned ⁇ current reduction processing can be effectively advanced. In addition, since the internal stress is smaller than that of the silicon nitride film, it is possible to reduce white flaws generated in an output image.
- the titanium oxide film (refractive index: 2.2 to 2.7) has a sufficiently high refractive index compared to the silicon nitride film (refractive index: 2.0), so that the antireflection effect can be obtained more reliably.
- titanium oxide has a higher refractive index in the short wavelength region (eg, 400 nm) in the visible light region than in the long wavelength region (eg, 700 nm). Since the refractive index of silicon has a similar tendency in the visible light region, a good antireflection effect can be obtained over a wider wavelength region by using titanium oxide as the antireflection film.
- the antireflection film 15 may have a multilayer structure in which a plurality of oxide films as illustrated are stacked. Further, as described above, the antireflection film is preferably formed after forming the electrode in order to avoid that the constituent material becomes a source of contamination of the electrode.
- a preferred embodiment of the multilayer dry film including the anti-reflection film as described above and formed on the light receiving portion is, in order from the light receiving portion side, a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 50 nm or less and a film thickness of 10 nm or less.
- the anti-reflection film having a thickness of not less than nm and not more than 70 nm, an interlayer insulating film having a thickness of not less than 30 nm and not more than 600 nm, and a surface protective film having a thickness of not less than 100 nm and not more than 300 nm.
- the interlayer insulating film for example, a silicon oxide film can be used.
- the interlayer insulating film is preferably made of a material having a lower refractive index than the antireflection film and the surface protective film.
- a silicon nitride film, an oxide film having a refractive index of 1.9 or more for example, various metal oxides suitable for the anti-reflection film exemplified above
- various metal oxides suitable for the anti-reflection film exemplified above can be used.
- the antireflection film has a shape that completely covers the region where the light receiving portion is formed, and also covers at least a part of the region where the electrode is formed.
- the anti-reflection film By forming the anti-reflection film in this manner, the anti-reflection effect can be obtained even at the end of the light-receiving portion, so that the sensitivity can be reliably increased.
- the greater the area in which the anti-reflection film is formed the less strict the setting of the magazine is required, and the patterning of the anti-reflection film becomes easier or unnecessary. Is advantageous.
- FIGS. 4 is a plan view, FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX ′ of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY ′ of FIG.
- illustration of the light shielding film 27 and the like is omitted for simplification.
- This preferred example is the same as the above-described embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 3) except for the shape of the antireflection film.
- the semiconductor substrate 21 on which the light receiving section 22 is formed, the insulating film 23, and the transfer electrode 24 are preferred.
- a, 24 b, an antireflection film 25, an interlayer insulating film 26, a light-shielding film 27, and a surface protection film 28 are laminated.
- the materials constituting the antireflection film 25 are the same as those described above.
- an antireflection film grown by a conventional method is used in its original shape without forming a pattern, and as shown in FIG. Is formed on the surface of the substrate including the region where the is formed. According to such a shape, a reliable anti-reflection effect can be obtained because the upper part of the light receiving section is completely covered with the anti-reflection film, and the anti-reflection film does not need to be patterned. However, there is an advantage that the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the present invention will be more specifically described by the following examples.
- the solid-state imaging device described below has the same structure as the structure shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 used in the above description.
- a photodiode 22 is formed by ion-implanting an n-type impurity such as phosphorus into the p-type silicon substrate 21, and a 30-nm-thick silicon oxide film is formed on the substrate 21 by thermal oxidation.
- An insulating film 23 was grown.
- a 300 nm-thick polysilicon film was grown by CVD (vapor phase epitaxy), and electrodes 24a and 24b were formed by dry etching.
- An insulating film 29 made of a silicon nitride film was formed between the polysilicon electrodes 24a and 24b and an insulating film 23 made of a silicon oxide film.
- an antireflection film 25 made of a 20 nm-thick titanium oxide film was grown on the entire surface of the substrate by decompression CVD.
- a silicon oxide film is grown by low-pressure CVD to form an interlayer insulating film 26 having a thickness of 90 nm, and then a light shielding film 27 made of aluminum having a thickness of 400 nm is formed by sputtering.
- An opening was formed in the light-shielding film 27 above the photodiode 22 by dry etching.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of measuring the reflectance of light incident from the opening of the light-shielding film in the solid-state imaging device.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of measuring the reflectance of a solid-state imaging device manufactured in the same manner as in the present example except that a silicon nitride film was used as the antireflection film. Comparison between Figure 7 and Figure 8 Thus, it was confirmed that according to the solid-state imaging device of this example, the reflected light could be more reliably reduced at least in the wavelength region where the visibility was high.
- the ⁇ current generated for the solid-state imaging device was 0.5 mV at a temperature of 60.
- the dark current generated when a silicon nitride film was used as an anti-reflection film was measured under the same other conditions, and it was 1. OmV.
- the ⁇ current generated was It was confirmed that it could be reduced to about half.
- white defects were generated in 10 pixels out of 400,000 pixels. No white defect was observed in the imaging apparatus using the solid-state imaging device of this example. From the above, it was confirmed that the solid-state imaging device of the present example can obtain better image quality than the conventional one.
- a solid-state imaging device was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film configuration above the photodiode was changed to the configuration shown in the following table.
- Spectral reflectance was measured for the solid-state imaging device in the same manner as in Example 1. Specified. Fig. 9 shows the results.
- a solid-state imaging device was manufactured in the same manner as described above, except that the antireflection film in the above table was replaced with a niobium oxide film (refractive index: 2.1) having the same thickness as the tantalum oxide film. .
- This spectral reflectance was the same as in FIG.
- a solid-state imaging device was manufactured in the same manner as described above, except that the antireflection film in the above table was a 35 nm-thick titanium oxide film (refractive index: 2.3). This spectral reflectance is shown in FIG.
- the ⁇ current and the white defect were measured.
- the solid-state imaging device using the silicon nitride film was found to have a lower ⁇ current and white defect. It was confirmed that the occurrence of both dark current and white scratches was suppressed.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the present invention by using an antireflection film made of an oxide having a refractive index of 1.9 or more, the supply of hydrogen to the substrate, which is a process for reducing dark current, can be sufficiently performed. You can proceed to.
- the internal stress of the antireflection film is small, it is possible to reduce white defects due to stress concentration.
- the shape of the anti-reflection film it is possible to form the anti-reflection film on the entire surface of the substrate, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and further improving the sensitivity.
- the characteristics of the solid-state imaging device can be improved.
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- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10221925A JPH11214664A (ja) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-08-05 | 固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 |
| PCT/JP1999/003601 WO2001003192A1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-02 | Solid state image sensing device and production method thereof |
| EP99926920A EP1120832A1 (en) | 1999-07-02 | 1999-07-02 | Solid state image sensing device and production method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10221925A JPH11214664A (ja) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-08-05 | 固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 |
| PCT/JP1999/003601 WO2001003192A1 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 1999-07-02 | Solid state image sensing device and production method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001003192A1 true WO2001003192A1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
Family
ID=14236162
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1999/003601 Ceased WO2001003192A1 (en) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-07-02 | Solid state image sensing device and production method thereof |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1120832A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001003192A1 (ja) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04152556A (ja) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-26 | Canon Inc | 光半導体装置 |
| JPH08148665A (ja) * | 1994-11-22 | 1996-06-07 | Nec Corp | 固体撮像素子 |
| JPH10294446A (ja) * | 1998-03-13 | 1998-11-04 | Nec Corp | 固体撮像素子 |
| JPH11154741A (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Matsushita Electron Corp | 固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 |
-
1999
- 1999-07-02 EP EP99926920A patent/EP1120832A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-02 WO PCT/JP1999/003601 patent/WO2001003192A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04152556A (ja) * | 1990-10-16 | 1992-05-26 | Canon Inc | 光半導体装置 |
| JPH08148665A (ja) * | 1994-11-22 | 1996-06-07 | Nec Corp | 固体撮像素子 |
| JPH11154741A (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Matsushita Electron Corp | 固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 |
| JPH10294446A (ja) * | 1998-03-13 | 1998-11-04 | Nec Corp | 固体撮像素子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1120832A1 (en) | 2001-08-01 |
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