WO2001011027A1 - Nueva proteina - Google Patents
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- WO2001011027A1 WO2001011027A1 PCT/ES2000/000308 ES0000308W WO0111027A1 WO 2001011027 A1 WO2001011027 A1 WO 2001011027A1 ES 0000308 W ES0000308 W ES 0000308W WO 0111027 A1 WO0111027 A1 WO 0111027A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/12—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
- C12N9/1205—Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor (2.7.1), e.g. protein kinases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to human lambda interaction proteins involved in the activation of KB Nuclear Factor (NF-KB) and also, but not exclusively, to kinase-inactive mutants of such proteins; to nucleotide sequences encoding such proteins and mutant proteins; and to expression vectors, cell lines, antibodies, selection procedures, compounds, production procedures and treatment procedures related to proteins.
- NF-KB Nuclear Factor
- PKC Protein Kinase C
- the NF- ⁇ B transcription factor plays a critical role in several cellular functions including key inflammatory responses and immune responses.
- the nuclear KB factor is a transcription factor of multiple subunits expressed everywhere, which is activated in various cell types by a diverse group of inflammatory agents such as TNF ⁇ , IL-l ⁇ , bacterial endotoxin and RNA virus.
- NF- ⁇ B is composed of dimers of different members of the Re ⁇ family of proteins.
- the classical form of NF- ⁇ B is a heterodimer of p50 and p65 (Re ⁇ A) (Baeurle and Henkel, 1994; Baldwin, 1996; Thanos and aniatis, 1995); It is complexed in the cytosol by I ⁇ B, which prevents its nuclear translocation and activity.
- I ⁇ B ⁇ is phosphorylated, activating its extension and subsequent degradation of I ⁇ B through the proteosomal pathway
- IKK ⁇ and IKK ⁇ that phosphorylate residues 32 and 36 of I ⁇ B ⁇ , and whose activity is potentially stimulated by TNF and IL-1
- IKK bind to NIK (NFKB inducing kinase), a member of the MAPKKK family that interacts with TRAF2 (Malinin et al., 1997), thus associating I ⁇ B degradation and NF- ⁇ B activation with the TNF receptor complex .
- TNF ⁇ is a potent activator of atypical PKCs in vivo. It has previously been shown that the atypical isoforms of PKC ⁇ (zeta) and ⁇ / t (lambda / iota) play a critical role during the activation of NF- ⁇ B (Diaz-Meco et al., 1996; Folgueira et al., 1996 ; Sontag et al., 1997).
- PKCs In contrast to the classic or new isoforms of PKCs, atypical PKCs are insensitive to phorbol esters or diacylglycerol, but are activated by other important second lipid messengers such as phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-P 3 (Nakanishi et al. , 1993) and ceramide (Lozano et al., 1994). Although the products of PI 3-kinase activate aPKC (Nakanishi et al., 1993; Akimoto et al., 1996), they also stimulate other kinases such as ⁇ PKC, ⁇ PKC, PRK1 or c-Akt (Diaz-Meco et al.
- Ceramide activates both aPKC (Lozano et al., 1994; Müller et al., 1995), but it also stimulates ceramide-activated protein kinase, among other possible targets. This suggests that Different lipid mediators are not selective for a given PKC.
- BLIP lambda interaction protein
- an isolated human BLIP protein or a variable thereof is provided.
- the protein It has an amino acid sequence as provided in Figure 2A (SEQ ID NO: 4).
- a further aspect of the present invention is a mutant without kinase activity of a BLIP protein.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an isolated human LIP protein or a variant thereof.
- the protein has the amino acid sequence of the SEC.
- an isolated nucleotide sequence that encodes a BLIP protein or a variant thereof, or a nucleotide sequence that is complementary thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence is a cDNA sequence.
- the nucleotide sequence is or comprises SEQ ID NO: 3.
- an isolated nucleotide sequence that encodes an LIP protein or a variant thereof, or a nucleotide sequence that is complementary thereto.
- the nucleotide sequence is a cDNA sequence.
- the nucleotide sequence is or comprises SEQ ID NO: 6.
- an isolated DNA molecule having a sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) isolated DNA encoding the BLIP protein of Figure 2A (SEQ ID NO: 4); (b) isolated DNA that hybridizes with the DNA isolated from (a) above under conditions represented by a washing rigor of 0.3 M NaCl, 0.03 M sodium citrate and 0.1% SDS at 60 ° C, which has a homology of at least 65% with the DNA isolated from (a) above, and encoding a BLIP protein; and (c) isolated DNA having a sequence complementary to (a) - (c) above.
- an expression vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence as mentioned above.
- a nucleic acid construct having a promoter and a heterologous nucleic acid operably linked to said promoter, wherein said heterologous nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule as provided above.
- a stable cell line comprising a recombinant DNA sequence or an expression vector as mentioned above, capable of expressing the encoded protein.
- the Cell line is a Hela or HEK293 modified cell line.
- a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to a BLIP protein as indicated above.
- an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a nucleic acid is provided as indicated above and which is of sufficient length to hybridize therewith under physiological conditions; together with a DNA encoding such an antisense oligonucleotide; and a nucleic acid construct having a promoter and a heterologous nucleic acid operably linked to said promoter, wherein the heterologous nucleic acid is a DNA encoding such an antisense oligonucleotide.
- a method for inhibiting the activation of NF- ⁇ B in a cell comprising providing the cell with an inhibitor of NF- ⁇ B activation related to BLIP, in an amount effective to inhibit the activation of NF- ⁇ B in said cell.
- the cell can be provided in any suitable form, such as in an in vitro culture.
- the proportion step can be performed by any suitable means, such as by supplying the inhibitor compound inside the cell or by supplying within the cell a nucleic acid that encodes and expresses an inhibitor protein.
- the cell is preferably a mammalian cell and, more preferably, a human cell.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of a BLIP mutant without kinase activity, or a LIP protein, as an inhibitor of NF- ⁇ B activation in a cell or as an agent or adjuvant against cancer.
- a method for selecting compounds with respect to the ability to modulate (increase or inhibit) the BLIP-dependent activation of NF- ⁇ B comprise contacting a test compound with a BLIP protein as mentioned above and detecting modulation activity or inactivity.
- a method of treatment or prophylaxis of a disorder that responds to the modulation of BLIP-dependent activation of NF- ⁇ B in a mammal which comprises administering to said patient an amount Effective of a compound that modulates (inhibits or increases) BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B activation.
- the disorder is selected from neoplastic, inflammatory and immune disorders.
- the use of a compound that modulates the activation of BLF-dependent NF- ⁇ B is provided in a method of formulating a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a disorder that responds to the modulation of the BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B activation.
- Figure 1 shows in a graph the effect of LIP overexpression on the activation of NF- ⁇ B; by increasing the expression of LIP the reduced activity of the KB-dependent messenger induced by TNF ⁇ .
- Figure 2A shows the amino acid sequence of the human BLIP protein (SEQ ID NO: 4).
- Figure 2B is a schematic representation of BLIP showing the domain of type PI 3 -FRAP / ATM kinase and the LIP region.
- Figure 3A is an alignment of the PI 3- kinase domain of the human BLIP protein with that of FRAP. Asterisks indicate amino acids that are identical in the two aligned proteins; The conserved critical residues that confer catalytic activity to the protein are included in boxes.
- Figure 3B is an alignment of the PI 3- kinase domain of the human BLIP protein with that of ATM. Asterisks indicate amino acids that are identical in the two aligned proteins; The conserved critical residues that confer catalytic activity to the protein are included in boxes.
- Figure 4A shows in a graph the effects of BLIP on the activation of NF- ⁇ B in human HEK293 cell cultures.
- HEK293 cells were transiected with a KB-dependent luciferase messenger plasmid and: a negative control vector (first bar); increasing concentrations of an expression plasmid for wild type BLIP (BLIP; second-sixth bars); increasing concentrations of an expression plasmid for the BLIP kinase-inactive protein (BLIP MUT ; seventh-eleventh bar); or an RIP expression vector (positive control; final bar).
- BLIP MUT increasing concentrations of an expression plasmid for the BLIP kinase-inactive protein
- RIP expression vector positive control
- Figure 4B illustrates in a graph the role of BLIP on the activation of NF- ⁇ B in HEK293 cell cultures.
- the cells were transfected with a KB-dependent luciferase messenger plasmid and: a negative control vector (white bars), an expression plasmid for wild-type ⁇ / tPKC ( ⁇ / iPKC; shaded bars) or an expression plasmid for ⁇ / tPKC kinase-inactive ( ⁇ / iPKC " 1 "; black bars).
- Luciferase activity was evaluated in cells without BLIP (control) and with increasing concentrations of wild-type BLIP (BLIP) after 24 hours. The results are the mean ⁇ SD of three independent experiments with duplicate incubations.
- Figure 5 shows the percentage of HeLa cells with nuclear p65 after transfection with a vector for a HA-labeled version of BLIP TM 1- . Twenty hours after transfection, the cells were left untreated (control, white bars) or stimulated for 20 minutes with TNF ⁇ (30 ng / ml; black bars). The analysis was performed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy with anti-HA 12CA5 monoclonal antibody and a goat anti-p65 polyclonal antibody. The Graph shows the mean ⁇ SD of several fields (300 cells) of three independent experiments.
- Figure 6 provides the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 3) of the DNA encoding the BLIP protein of SEQ ID NO: 4.
- BLIP LIP isoform
- FRAP FKBP-rapamycin-associated protein
- ATM Ataxia Telangiectasia
- Atypical PKCs are regulated by protein regulators. In comparison to the amino acid sequences of the new or classic PKCs, the sequences of the atypical PKC subfamily differ in the regulatory domain. The identification of selective modulators for each PKC isotype will help to understand the function and regulation of the different PKC isoforms.
- a protein called LIP has been identified as a selective regulator of ⁇ / iPKC (Diaz-Meco et al., 1996). LIP binds to the zinc protrusion of ⁇ / tPKC, but does not bind to ⁇ PKC, ⁇ PKC or even the very related ⁇ PKC (Diaz-Meco et al., 1996). Interestingly, overexpression of a LIP fragment (the R4 fragment) that is sufficient to interact with ⁇ / iPKC is capable of stimulating a KB-dependent promoter activity (Diaz-Meco et al., 1996).
- LIP was initially identified by the two yeast hybrid system. Diaz-Meco et al. (1996) describe a cDNA isolated from LIP encoding a protein of 713 amino acids, with an expected molecular weight of 79.7 kDa.
- the present inventors determined that the sequence of LIP was 779 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 6) and observed that LIP was expressed in testis and heart tissues, but not in other tissues investigated (liver, ovaries, spleen, thymus, brain , lung and kidney). However, a band that reacted with the anti-LIP antibody and had a molecular weight greater than 200 kDa was unexpectedly detected (results not shown).
- the present inventors evaluated whether BLIP could bind to ⁇ / iPKC in vivo (Example 3), using HEK293 cells that were not treated (control) or stimulated with TNF ⁇ for various times. Under resting conditions there was a small or no association of BLIP or LIP with ⁇ / tPKC (data not shown). However, after TNF ⁇ stimulation, there was a rapid and sustained interaction of BLIP with ⁇ / tPKC.
- BLIP is a 2392 amino acid protein (Fig. 2A, SEQ ID NO: 4); the region that includes amino acids 881-1209 of BLIP has a high degree of homology with the domains PI 3 - kinase of FRAP
- BLIP, FRAP and ATM indicates that BLIP has kinase activity, since the DXXXXN and DFG motifs that constitute critical remains of the catalytic site conserved in all members of the ATM family with kinase activity, are also conserved in BLIP. (see Figs. 3A and 3B).
- HEK293 cells were transfected with a KB-dependent messenger gene (luciferase) along with increasing concentrations of expression plasmids for BLIP, either for wild-type BLIP or for a kinase-inactive mutant (BLIP " 1 ").
- luciferase a KB-dependent messenger gene
- Figure 4A indicate that the expression of wild-type BLIP (but not a Inactive BLIP kinase mutant) is sufficient to activate KB-dependent messenger activity to a degree comparable to that of RIP (Receptor Interaction Protein).
- Example 7 Other experiments established that the effect of NF- ⁇ B activation of the BLIP protein depends on ⁇ / tPKC (Example 7).
- the cells were transfected with a KB-dependent luciferase messenger plasmid and a negative control vector, an expression plasmid for wild-type ⁇ / iPKC, or an expression plasmid for ⁇ / ⁇ PKC M ⁇ kinase-inactive.
- Luciferase activity was evaluated in cells without BLIP (control) and with increasing concentrations of wild-type BLIP (BLIP) and it was observed that co-expression of wild-type ⁇ / iPKC cooperated with BLIP to activate NF- ⁇ B, while the expression of the ⁇ / iPKC kinase-inactive mutant did not.
- the results are shown in Figure 4B.
- BLIP is a critical component of the NF- ⁇ B pathway, and depends on its own kinase activity and that of ⁇ / iPKC to exert its function.
- Atypical PKCs are involved in the control of NF-KB and p70S6K (Romanelli et al., 1999). The two routes are critical in controlling the function of inflammatory and immunosuppressive cells.
- NF- ⁇ B controls a myriad of immune responses and is a potent anti-apoptotic molecule. Inhibition of atypical PKC kinases blocks cell growth and proliferation and initiates programmed cell death.
- atypical PKCs target key intermediates in the signaling cascade of cells involved in cell proliferation.
- ⁇ PKC as well as ⁇ / tPKC, control the activation of the MEK-ERK signaling cascade, together with Raf, on the Ras and PI 3-kinase ⁇ (Diaz-Meco et al., 1994, 1995; Liao et al., 1997; Schónwasser et al., 1998; Takeda et al., 1999).
- BLIP has a very homologous domain to the FRAP kinase region.
- FRAP is the target of the immunosuppressive molecule rapamycin (Dennis et al., 1999). Rapamycin blocks the activation of p70S6K in T cells, which constitutes the molecular basis of its immunosuppressive actions (Dennis et al., 1999). Interestingly, the activity of p70S6K is required and is sufficient for the cell cycle progression of T lymphocytes.
- the tandem BLIP- ⁇ / vPKC represents an alternative route to that of FRAP in the design of new potentially immunosuppressive molecules.
- amino acid sequences described here are presented in the amino to carboxy direction, from left to right. The amino and carboxy groups do not occur in the sequence. Nucleotide sequences are presented here with only one chain, in the 5 'to 3' direction, from left to right. Nucleotides and amino acids are represented as recommended by the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission, or (for amino acids) by the three letter code, according to the established use.
- the present invention relates to isolated BLIP and LIP proteins.
- Sequence information for isolated human BLIP is provided in Figure 2A (amino acids; SEQ ID NO: 4) and in Fig. 6 (nucleotides; SEQ ID NO: 3).
- the amino acid sequence information for a BLIP kinase-inactive mutant is provided in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- sequence information for LIP is provided in SEQ ID NO: 6 (amino acids) and in SEQ ID NO. : 7
- isolated indicates that the protein or nucleotide molecule is not in its native state, as long as it has been purified at least to some degree or produced synthetically, for example, by recombinant procedures. .
- isolated therefore, includes the possibility of the molecule that is in combination with other biological or non-biological material such as cells, cell suspensions or cell fragments, proteins, peptides, expression vectors, organic or inorganic solvents or other materials when appropriate, but excludes the situation in which the protein is in the state in which it is found in nature.
- Routine procedures known in the art may be employed, such as those further explained in the experimental section shown further. hereinafter, to purify and / or synthesize the protein and nucleotide molecules according to the invention.
- Such procedures are well understood by persons skilled in the art and include techniques such as those described in Sambrook, J. et al (1), the description of which is included herein in its entirety by reference.
- BLIP variant refers to other peptides and proteins that retain the same essential functional character of the BLIP protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 provided herein. , but that varies in the amino acid sequence. Variants are also intended to be included within the scope of the invention. For example, variants of the BLIP protein, peptides or proteins with a sequence homology greater than about 65%, preferably at least 70%, 75%, 80% or 85% and, in a particularly preferred way, are considered of at least about 90% or even 95% or 98% with SEQ ID NO: 4, and that retain BLIP functions.
- Such variants may include the deletion, modification or addition of individual amino acids or groups of amino acids within the protein sequence, provided that the peptide maintains the basic biological functionality of a BLIP protein, that is, interacts with ⁇ / iPKC of a protein. TNF ⁇ dependent form and activate NF- ⁇ B in a TNF ⁇ dependent and ⁇ / iPKC dependent manner. Is Biological functionality can be assessed by conducting studies such as those described herein and those known in the art.
- BLIP protein does not include a protein consisting only of the sequence of the LIP protein (SEQ ID NO: 6) or the R4 fragment (SEQ ID NO: 8).
- a BLIP protein is one that has the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 4, or that has an amino acid homology of at least 65%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or even 99% with SEQ ID NO: 4 and which has BLIP functions.
- a protein that has BLIP functions is one that interacts with ⁇ / iPKC in a TNF ⁇ dependent manner, which activates NF- ⁇ B in a TNF ⁇ dependent manner and ⁇ / vPKC dependent, and which contains a functional kinase domain.
- the degree of homology of the amino acid sequence between proteins can be calculated using various commercially available computer software programs (for example, BLAST analysis, as is known in the art).
- a BLIP inactive mutant kinase is a protein or peptide that has substantial sequence homology with a functional BLIP protein (eg, with a sequence homology of at least about 65%, 75%, 80% , 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98% or even 99%), but it has a non-functional kinase domain.
- a person skilled in the art will recognize the PI-3 kinase domain of a BLIP protein by its sequence.
- An example of a BLIP kinase-inactive mutant is provided in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- LIP variant refers to other peptides or proteins that retain the same functional character of the LIP protein of SEQ ID NO: 6 provided herein, but that varies in the amino acid sequence. Variants are also intended to be included within the scope of the invention. For example, peptides or proteins with a sequence homology greater than about 90%, 92%, 95% or even 97% or 99% with SEQ ID NO: 6 and that retain LIP functions, are considered variants of the LIP protein Such variants may include the deletion, modification or addition of individual amino acids or groups of amino acids within the protein sequence, provided that the peptide maintains the basic biological functionality of an LIP protein, that is, inhibits NF-dependent transcription. ⁇ B.
- a LIP protein is one that has the amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 6 or that has an amino acid homology of at least about 90%, 92%, 95%, 97%, 98% or even 99% with SEQ ID NO: 6 and it has LIP functions.
- the degree of homology of the amino acid sequence between proteins can be calculated using various commercially available computer software programs (for example, BLAST analysis as is known in the art).
- proteins containing such deletions or substitutions are an additional aspect of the present invention.
- one or more amino acids of a sequence may be replaced by one or more different amino acids provided that such replacement does not affect the function of the sequence.
- Such changes can be guided by known homologies between amino acids in physical characteristics such as charge density, hydrophobia / hydrophilicity, size and configuration, such that the amino acids are substituted with other amino acids that have essentially the same functional properties, as known in the technique.
- the invention also includes nucleotide sequences encoding BLIP and LIP proteins, mutants and variants thereof, as well as sequences of nucleotides that are complementary to them.
- the nucleotide sequence can be DNA or RNA, including genomic DNA, synthetic DNA or cDNA.
- the nucleotide sequence is a DNA sequence and, even more preferably, a cDNA sequence.
- Nucleotide sequence information is provided in Figure 6 (SEQ ID NO: 3); the BLIP protein of SEQ ID NO: 4 is encoded by nucleotides 152-7327 of SEQ ID NO: 3).
- Nucleotide molecules can be isolated from human cells or synthesized according to procedures known in the art, as described by way of example in Sambrook, J.
- Nucleotide molecules according to the invention have utility in the production of proteins according to the invention, which can take place in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo. Nucleotide molecules can be involved in recombinant protein synthesis or, in fact, as therapeutic agents themselves, they can be used in gene therapy techniques. In gene therapy, nucleotides complementary to those encoding BLIP proteins or antisense sequences can also be used, such as in strategies for the negative regulation of the expression of the proteins of the invention.
- DNA molecules encoding a BLIP protein are intended to include natural allelic variations of DNA molecules.
- Hybridization conditions that allow other 7DNA sequences encoding a BLIP protein to hybridize with a DNA sequence such as that provided here are generally very stringent conditions.
- hybridization of such sequences can be performed under conditions represented by a washing rigor of 0.3 M NaCl, 0.03 M sodium citrate, 0.1% SDS at 60 ° C or even at 70 ° C, in a conventional in situ hybridization assay. See J. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (2nd Ed. 1989) (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)).
- DNA sequences encoding a BLIP protein and hybridize with a DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 described herein will have a nucleotide sequence homology of at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 92% or even 95% with SEQ ID NO: 3, and will encode a protein with BLIP functions.
- the sequence homology can be determined using commercially available computer software programs (for example, BLAST analysis as is known in the art).
- the isolated DNA of the present invention can be of any species of origin, including mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, pig and human, but preferably it is of mammalian origin and more preferably of human origin.
- a DNA molecule encoding an LIP protein includes natural allelic variations in the DNA molecules.
- Hybridization conditions that allow other DNA sequences encoding an LIP protein to hybridize with a DNA sequence such as that provided herein are generally very stringent conditions.
- hybridization of such sequences can be performed under conditions represented by a washing rigor of 0.3 M NaCl, 0.03 M sodium citrate, 0.1% SDS at 60 ° C or even at 70 ° C in one test of conventional in situ hybridization. See J. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual (2nd Ed. 1989) (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)).
- DNA sequences encoding an LIP protein and hybridize with a DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 described herein will have at least a nucleotide sequence homology of at least 65%, 70%, 75% , 80%, 85%, 90%, 92% or even 95% with SEQ ID NO: 3, and will encode a protein with LIP functions. Sequence homology can be determined using commercially available computer software programs (for example, BLAST analysis as is known in the art).
- the isolated DNA of the present invention can be of any species of origin, including mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, pig and human, but preferably it is of mammalian origin and more preferably of human origin.
- oligonucleotide molecules encoding BLIP or LIP proteins (or mutants or variants thereof) but which differ in the codon sequence of the previous DNA molecules due to the degeneracy of the genetic code are also an aspect of this invention.
- the degeneracy of the genetic code which allows different nucleic acid sequences to code for the same protein or peptide, is well known in the art.
- Oligonucleotide molecules that code for the same BLIP protein as the one encoded by the above sequences, but which differs from these in the codon sequence due to site-directed mutagenesis are another aspect of this invention.
- the techniques of directed localization mutagenesis are known in the art.
- the present invention also includes expression vectors comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the present proteins, mutants or variants thereof.
- expression vectors are routinely constructed in the technique of molecular biology and may involve, for example, the use of plasmid DNA and appropriate initiators, promoters, inducers and other elements, such as, for example, polyadenylation signals that can be necessary and that are placed in the correct orientation to allow the expression of proteins.
- Appropriate vectors will be apparent to persons skilled in the art.
- Vectors can be used to amplify the DNA encoding a desired protein and / or to express a DNA encoding a desired protein.
- the DNA sequence encoding the desired protein is operably linked to suitable control sequences capable of carrying out the expression of the protein in a suitable host.
- DNA regions are operatively linked or operatively associated when they are functionally related to each other.
- a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operably linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to allow translation.
- the need for such control sequences will vary depending on the host selected and the transformation procedure chosen.
- Vectors may include plasmids, viruses (eg, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus), phage and integrable DNA fragments (i.e., fragments integrable into the host genome by recombination).
- the invention also includes cell lines that have been modified or transfected to express the proteins of the present invention.
- Such cell lines include upper, transient or preferably stable eukaryotic cell lines. (such as mammalian cells or insect cells), lower eukaryotic cells (such as yeasts) or prokaryotic cells (such as bacterial cells). It is also possible that the proteins of the invention are expressed transiently in a cell line, such as, for example, in a baculovirus expression system.
- the present invention also relates to antibodies (polyclonal or preferably monoclonal antibodies) that specifically bind to the proteins of the present invention, (i.e., antibodies that bind to a single antigenic site or epitope of the proteins)
- antibodies are preferably of monoclonal origin.
- the antibodies are preferably IgG antibodies of any suitable species, such as rat, rabbit or horse, but are generally of mammalian origin. It is understood that IgG antibody fragments that retain the ability to specifically bind to the proteins of the present invention, such as F (ab ') 2 , F (ab') and Fab fragments, are included by the term "antibody" of this document. See, in general, E. Harlow and D.
- the antibodies can be chimeric, as described by M. alker et al., Molecular Immunol. 26, 403 (1989). Antibodies that bind to proteins BLIP, but not shorter LIP proteins, are particularly preferred.
- Such antibodies are useful in purification, isolation or selection that involve immunoprecipitation techniques, and can be used as tools to further ascertain the function of the protein.
- Oligodeoxynucleotides of complementary nucleic acids and capable of hybridizing with the sense chain of a gene, or with an mRNA transcribed from that gene are antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.
- the sense chain of a target gene, or an mRNA is exposed to its antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, the interaction of the two will occur, so that gene transcription will be blocked or mRNA translation will be blocked.
- the present invention includes oligomers capable of hybridizing with a portion of a gene (or mRNA) encoding the BLIP or LIP protein.
- Substantial prevention means that protein is not produced or produced at levels that are not functional.
- Antisense oligonucleotides (and nucleic acids that express such antisense molecules) They can be obtained according to conventional techniques. See, for example, US Patent No. 5,023,243 to Tull ⁇ s; and U.S. Patent No. 5,149,797 to Pederson et al.
- the length of the antisense oligonucleotide (that is, the number of nucleotides it has) is not critical as long as it selectively binds to the desired location; This can be determined according to routine procedures. In general, the antisense oligonucleotide will have a length from 8, 10 or 12 nucleotides to 20, 30 or 50 nucleotides.
- Such antisense oligonucleotides may be oligonucleotides in which at least one or all of the nucleotide binding phosphate moieties are modified phosphates, such as methyl phosphonates, methyl phosphonothioates, phosphoromorpholyates, phosphoropiperazidates and phosphoramidates.
- each of the nucleotide binding phosphate moieties may be modified as described.
- such antisense oligonucleotides are oligonucleotides in which at least one or all nucleotides contain a 2 'lower alkyl radical.
- one oligonucleotide can be modified if and another not as described. See also P. Furdon et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 17, 9193-9204 (1989); S.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to selection procedures designed to identify compounds that modulate BLIP activation of ⁇ / iPKC, or that modulate NF- ⁇ B activation.
- modulation is meant that there will be an increase or reduction in the activation of NF- ⁇ B in the presence of the compound (compared to that which would be observed in the absence of the compound); such activity will generally be produced by the binding of a ligand of the compound to BLIP, ⁇ / iPKC, the tandem of BLIP and ⁇ / tPKC, or to NF-KB itself.
- such selection procedures involve administering a test compound to a cell and detecting BLF-related activation of NF- ⁇ B, compared to a control cell in which the test compound (or the BLIP protein is absent) functional).
- the activation of NF- ⁇ B can be evaluated using a KB-dependent messenger gene (such as the luciferase gene), or by measuring the translocation of NF- ⁇ B to the cell nucleus (using procedures that are known in the art, for example, the use of anti-Rel65 antibodies to detect nuclear NF- ⁇ B).
- Such selection procedures may comprise furthermore the detection of whether said test compound binds to ⁇ / tPKC (or BLIP, or NF- ⁇ B), for example, preparing cell extracts and immunoprecipitating the protein of interest, and performing an immunoblot using an antibody directed to the test compound .
- the ability of the compounds to modulate BLIP autophosphorylation activity can also be used as a procedure to select compounds with respect to the activation of NF- ⁇ B or inhibitory effects.
- selection procedures involve the administration of a test compound to a cell and the detection of BLIP autophosphorylation, as compared to a control cell in which the test compound is absent.
- the present invention also includes within its scope the compounds that are identified as compounds that possess a useful NFKB modulation activity, by the above-mentioned selection procedures.
- Another aspect of the present invention is the use of compounds that inhibit or increase the activation of NF- ⁇ B (including the compounds identified by the selection techniques mentioned above), in the treatment or prophylaxis of disorders that respond to BLIP activity modulation or NF- ⁇ B activity modulation in a mammalian patient (preferably a human being).
- the present invention provides a method for inhibiting (or increasing) the activation of NF- ⁇ B in a cell, providing the cell with a compound that inhibits (or increases) the activation of BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B.
- a compound that inhibits (or increases) the activation of BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B is a BLIP mutant without kinase activity.
- inhibitor compound for example, a protein of SEQ ID NO: 5
- antisense nucleotide as described above
- the inhibitor compound is provided in an amount effective to reduce the activation of endogenous BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B in the cell (compared to the activation of NF- ⁇ B that would occur in the cell in the absence of the inhibitor compound).
- Compounds that increase NF- ⁇ B activation are provided in an amount effective to increase endogenous BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B activation in the cell (as compared to activation of NF- ⁇ B that would occur in the cell in the absence of compound).
- the proportion step can be performed by any suitable means, such as by releasing the inhibitor compound within the cell or by releasing within the cell a nucleic acid encoding and expressing the inhibitor compound.
- Compounds that inhibit BLF-related activation of NF- ⁇ B will have beneficial therapeutic effects in pathologies in which such activation is positively regulated.
- NF- ⁇ B is activated in response to various pathogenic signals, and induces the transcription of a variety of genes encoding immunologically relevant proteins. Baeuerle and Henkel, A ⁇ nu Rev. Immunol. 12: 141 (1994).
- Interference with the activation or activity of NF- ⁇ B can suppress immunological reactions, including views in toxic / septic shock, in host reactions against grafts, in acute inflammatory reactions and in radiation injuries.
- both chemotherapy and radiation therapy can activate NF- ⁇ B, which, in turn, reduces the apoptotic effects of the therapy. It has been reported that inhibition of NF- ⁇ B activation in tumors increases the apoptotic potential of cancer treatments. ang et al., Nature Medicine 5: 412 (1999).
- BLIP-mediated NF- ⁇ B activation is involved in immunological and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, inhibition of BLIP-mediated NF- ⁇ B activation will provide a positive therapeutic advantage when immune suppression is desired or when antineoplastic effects are desired.
- Inhibitors will be useful for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of disorders such as toxic / septic shock, host reactions against grafts, acute inflammatory reactions and radiation injuries.
- Such compounds will also have utility as antineoplastic agents in the treatment of tumors or cancers and as adjuvants in chemotherapy or radiation therapy of neoplastic growths.
- adenoviral release in cancer cells of a mutant without BLIP kinase activity (or another inhibitor of BLIP-dependent NF- ⁇ B activation) will be useful as an adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy, to increase the apoptotic effects of chemotherapies. .
- Compounds that increase or induce BLF-related activation of NF- ⁇ B will have beneficial therapeutic effects in pathologies in which such activation is reduced, or when it is desired to positively regulate the activation of NF- ⁇ B.
- Such compounds are useful as immunostimulators and as cell death inhibitors.
- NF-KB modulating compounds including those identified according to the selection procedures indicated above, can be formulated with conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or excipients as is routine in the pharmaceutical art and as further described in Remmington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Eastern Pennsylvania, 17 to Ed, 1985, whose description is included here in its entirety by reference.
- the compounds may be administered by enteric or parenteral routes such as oral, buccal, anal, pulmonary, intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, topical or other appropriate routes of administration.
- recombinant human TNF ⁇ was purchased from Promega; Boehringer's 12CA5 anti-Hemagglutinin (anti-HA) monoclonal antibody; the monoclonal antibody against ⁇ PKC from Transduction Laboratories; goat polyclonal anti-p65 antibody (NF- ⁇ B) from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Inc. Rabbit affinity purified anti-LIP has already been described (D ⁇ az-Meco et al., 1996). Human HEK293 and HeLa cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).
- ATCC American Type Culture Collection
- the HEK293 cell cultures were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium with high glucose content, which contained 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin G (100 ⁇ g / ml) and streptomycin (100 ⁇ g / ml) (Flow) .
- Hela cells are they kept Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 1.0 mM sodium pyruvate and 10% fetal calf serum.
- Subconfluent cells were transfected by the calcium phosphate procedure (Clontech Laboratories, Inc.).
- Plasmids To clone the cDNA for the BLIP coding sequence, a human brain cDNA Marathon Ready (Clontech Laboratories, Inc.) was used following the manufacturer's procedures. This cDNA was subcloned into the Notl site of the pCDNA3-HA vector to obtain the pCDNA3-HA-BLIP construct.
- pCDNA3 -HA-BLIT ⁇ D1066A; N1071K
- was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis Quality Change, Stratagene.
- pCDNA3-HA- ⁇ / ⁇ PKC and pCDNA3-HA- ⁇ / ⁇ PKC MUT have been previously described (D ⁇ az-Meco et al., 1996).
- Immunoprecipitations For immunoprecipitations of endogenous proteins, HEKI293 cells were used. Some cells were stimulated with 30 ng / ml of YNF- ⁇ . The cells were then collected and lysed in PD buffer [40 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 500 mM NaCl, 0.1% Nonidet P-40, 6 mM EDTA, 6 mM EGTA, 10 mM ⁇ -glycerophosphate , 10 mM NaF, 10 mM PNPP, 3 V0 4 300 ⁇ M, 1 mM benzamidine, 2 M PMSF, 10 ⁇ g / ml aprotinin, 1 ⁇ g / ml leupeptin, 1 ⁇ g / ml pepstatin, 1 mM DTT] and 1 mg of whole cell used was diluted in PD buffer and incubated with 10 ⁇ g of the anti- ⁇ / iPKC monoclonal antibody.
- Luciferase Messenger Assays Subconfluent cultures of HEK293 cells were transfected with different amounts of plasmid pCDNA3-HA-BLIP or pCDNA3-HA-BLIP MUT , together with the KB-Luc messenger plasmid, with or without expression vectors for the wild type and ⁇ / tPKC dominant negative (pCDNA3-HA- ⁇ / ⁇ PKC and pCDNA3-HA- ⁇ / ⁇ PKC MUT ). After 24 hours, the cells were stimulated with TNF- ⁇ for 4 hours. Extracts were prepared and luciferase activity was determined as described (D ⁇ az-Meco et al., 1996).
- I ⁇ iminofluorescence HeLa cells developed on glass coverslips in growth medium. Subconfluent cells were transfected with 5 ⁇ g of HA-BLIP MUT . Twenty hours after transfection, the cells were stimulated with TNF- ⁇ (30 ng / ml) for 20 minutes. The cells were quickly washed twice in ice-cold PBS and fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature. The cells were washed 4 times with PBS and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. The free aldehyde groups were inactivated with 50 mM NH 4 C1. The endogenous peroxidase activity was inactivated by treatment with 1% H 2 0 2 in PBS for 15 minutes.
- HA-labeled protein was visualized with the 12CA5 anti-HA monoclonal antibody (Boehringer Mannheim) and an FITC conjugated anti-mouse antibody (Cappel), and the endogenous p65 with a goat polyclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotech), and the tetramethyl-rhodamine tyramide TSA-Direct amplification system (NEN Life Science Products).
- the glass coverslips were mounted on a Mowiol and examined with a MRC 1024 Bio-Rad confocal system (Bio-Rad Richmond, CA) mounted on a Zeiss Axiovert 135 microscope (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
- LIP LIP was expressed in testicular and cardiac tissues, but not in other tissues investigated (liver, ovaries, spleen , thymus, brain, lung and kidney). However, unexpectedly a band that reacted with the LIP antibody and that It had a molecular weight greater than 200 kDa (results not shown).
- BLIP binding to ⁇ / iPKC The present inventors evaluated whether BLIP could bind ⁇ / iPKC in vivo. Using HEK293 cells, the cells were left untreated (control) or stimulated with TNF ⁇ for various times, after which cell extracts were prepared, inoprecipitated with a selective anti- ⁇ / iPKC antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting with the anti-LIP antibody
- HEK293 cells were transfected with a KB-dependent messenger gene (luciferase) along with increasing concentrations of an expression plasmid for LIP ( 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ⁇ g / well of 60 mm diameter). Twenty hours after transfection, the cells were left untreated or stimulated with 30 ng / ml of TNF ⁇ . The results (mean ⁇ SD of three independent experiments with duplicate incubation; Figure 1) demonstrate that LIP expression reduces the KB-dependent messenger activity induced by TNF ⁇ .
- a KB-dependent messenger gene luciferase
- the present inventors then cloned and molecularly characterized the human BLIP protein.
- BLIP was found to be a 2392 amino acid protein
- BLIP, FRAP and ATM indicates that BLIP has activity kinase, since the DXXXXN and DFG motifs that constitute critical remains of the catalytic site conserved in all members of the ATM family with kinase activity, are also conserved in BLIP.
- the BLIP kinase region is not located in the part closest to the C-terminal end of the molecule, but approximately in the middle (Fig. 2B).
- the C-terminal portion of BLIP is the sequence corresponding to LIP. Therefore, LIP constitutes a BLIP domain (Fig. 2B), which reveals an organization of domains that differs from other PI 3- kinases.
- HEAT domains Upstream of the PI 3 domain-FRAP kinase there is a series of protein-protein interaction modules called HEAT domains (Dennis et al., 1999). Such domains (or other regions through which interactions with other proteins could be predicted) are absent in the BLIP molecule, with the exception of the LIP region through which ⁇ / iPKC interacts (Dennis et al., 1999).
- Another feature of FRAP that is absent in LIP is the FRB domain; This domain is the region responsible for the interaction of FRAP with the FKB / rapamycin complex (Dennis et al., 1999). This suggests that BLIP is insensitive to rapamycin.
- HEK293 cells were transfected with a messenger gene KB dependent along with increasing concentrations
- HEK293 cells were transfected with a KB-dependent luciferase messenger plasmid and one of the following: a negative control vector, an expression plasmid for wild-type ⁇ / iPKC or an expression plasmid for? * ./ ⁇ PKC kinase-inactive.
- luciferase activity was evaluated in cells without BLIP (control) and with increasing concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 ⁇ g / 60 mm diameter) of wild-type BLIP (BLIP). The results are shown in Figure 4B. Coexpression of wild-type ⁇ / tPKC cooperates with BLIP to activate NF- ⁇ B, while expression of ⁇ / iPKC kinase-inactive mutant appeals this BLIP effect.
- HeLa cells were transfected with the HA-labeled BLIP expression vector (BLIP " 1 "), - as non-transfected HeLa cells were used as control cells. Twenty-four hours after transfection, cells were stimulated with TNF ⁇ for 20 minutes or left untreated (control). The cells were then analyzed by double immunofluorescence using an anti p65 antibody (RelA) and an anti HA antibody to detect the cells expressing the construct (data not shown). Cell analysis indicates that more than 80% of the cells transfected with the wild-type BLIP mutant had a TNF ⁇ -induced translocation of p65, compared to approximately 20% of the cells transfected with the BLIP mutant ( Figure 5 ).
- test compound is administered to the test cells; no test compound is administered to control cells.
- the cells are stimulated with TNF ⁇ during various times, after which cell extracts are prepared, they are immunoprecipitated with a selective anti- ⁇ / iPKC antibody and analyzed by immunoblotting with the anti-BLIP antibody.
- An increase in the association of BLIP with ⁇ / iPKC in the test cells indicates that the test compound increases the activation of ⁇ / iPKC dependent on BLIP (and, therefore, therefore, the activation of NF- ⁇ B), - a reduction indicates that the test compound inhibits the activation of ⁇ / tPKC dependent on BLIP (and, therefore, the activation of NF- ⁇ B).
- the cells can be transfected with a KB-dependent messenger gene, such as luciferase, and the activity of the messenger gene can be evaluated as a measure of NF- ⁇ B activation in the presence of a test compound, as compared to the cells of control .
- a KB-dependent messenger gene such as luciferase
- Target of rapamacyn (TOR): balancing the opposite forces of protein synthesis and degradation. Curr. Opin. Gen. & Devel. 9: 49-54. 9. Diaz-Meco, MT, E. Berra, MM Municio, L. Sanz, J. Lozano, V. D ⁇ az-Golpe, MT Lain de Lera, J. Alcam ⁇ , CV Paya, F. Arenzana-Seisdedos, JL Virelizier, and J. Moscat. 1993. A dominant negative protein kinase C ⁇ subspecies blocks NF- ⁇ B activation. Mol. Cell Biol. 13: 4770-4775.
- NF- ⁇ B a pleitropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control.
- Protein kinase C ⁇ isoform is critical for ⁇ B-dependent promoter activation by sphingomyelinase. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 19200-19202.
- IKK-1 and IKK-2 cytokine-activated I ⁇ B kinases essential for NF- ⁇ B activation.
- PKC ⁇ is a molecular switch in signal transduction of TNF ⁇ , bifunctionally regulated by ceramide and arachidonic acid. EMBO J. 14: 1961-1969.
- Protein phosphatase 2A is a critical regulator of protein kinase C ⁇ signaling targeted by SV40 small t to ptomote cell growth and NF- ⁇ B activation. EMBO J. 16: 5662-5671.
- I ⁇ B kinase- ⁇ NF- ⁇ B activation and complex formation with I ⁇ B kinase- ⁇ and NIK. Science 278: 866-869.
- Zandi E., D.M. Rothwarf, M. Delhase, M. Hayakawa, and M. Karin. 1997.
- the I ⁇ B kinase complex (IKK) contains two kinase subunits, IKK ⁇ and IKK ⁇ , necessary for I ⁇ B phosphorylation and NF-KB activation. Cell 91: 243-252.
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| EP00951548A EP1231264A1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-08-04 | New protein |
| JP2001515813A JP2003506081A (ja) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-08-04 | NF−κB活性化に関与するプロテインキナーゼC相互作用性タンパク質 |
| AU64446/00A AU6444600A (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-08-04 | New protein |
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Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| BROWNE J. ET AL.: "A mammalian protein targeted by G1-arresting rapamycin-receptor complex", NATURE, vol. 369, 1994, pages 756 - 758, XP002031997 * |
| LABORATORIO GLAXO WELLCOME-CSIC DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR Y CELULAR: "Localization of atypical protein kinase C into lysosome- targeted endosomes through interaction with p62", MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, May 1998 (1998-05-01), pages 3069 - 3080, XP000996166 * |
| MARIA T. DIAZ-MECO ET AL.: "Lambda-interactin protein, a novel protein that specifically interacts with the zinc finger domain of the atypical protein kinase C isotype 9/7 and stimulates its kinase activity in vitro and vivo", MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, January 1996 (1996-01-01), pages 105 - 114, XP002161203 * |
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