WO2001025469A2 - Procede de preparation de steroides modifies par fermentation de levures - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de steroides modifies par fermentation de levures Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001025469A2 WO2001025469A2 PCT/FR2000/002753 FR0002753W WO0125469A2 WO 2001025469 A2 WO2001025469 A2 WO 2001025469A2 FR 0002753 W FR0002753 W FR 0002753W WO 0125469 A2 WO0125469 A2 WO 0125469A2
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- gene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12N9/0077—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14) with a reduced iron-sulfur protein as one donor (1.14.15)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P33/00—Preparation of steroids
- C12P33/06—Hydroxylating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new process for the production of hydroxylated and / and acetylated steroids by fermentation of yeasts.
- Steroids in particular steroids derived from cholesterol, are involved in many physiological processes, including the regulation of carbohydrate and cholesterol levels in the blood circulation, maintenance and development of muscle mass, development of the central nervous system. .
- autoimmune diseases such as lupus
- certain cancers for example breast cancer
- cardiovascular diseases for example atherosclerosis
- problems with steroid regulation are also suspected in the triggering of certain neurological diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's.
- the methods according to the present invention can moreover be used in order to obtain steroids whose structure is also known but which, until now, were difficult to access by commercially acceptable methods.
- the present invention is based on the demonstration of the fact that yeasts are capable of biologically converting, or bioconverting, precursor steroids by producing various hydroxylated and / or acetylated steroids, which may well understood, if necessary, then be modified to such particularly reactive functions.
- the present invention relates in particular to a process for the production of hydroxylated and / or acetylated steroids comprising the steps according to which:
- yeasts are grown on a medium comprising at least one precursor of such hydroxylated and / or acetylated steroids, then
- the yeast naturally has an enzymatic activity of acetylation coded by the gene atfl, and an enzymatic activity of dehydrogenation coded by the gene ylll24w.
- the enzyme coded by the atf2 gene (whose sequence and activity are described in Cauet et a 1., 1999, Eur. J. Biochem., 261, 317-324 and in French patent application FR2774393 or in l 'address http://genome-www.stanford.edu/ Saccharomyces) is acetylated coenzyme-A-pregnenolone-acetyl transferase, hereinafter called "APAT".
- This enzyme allows the esterification, and more particularly the acetylation, of a steroid precursor such as for example a ⁇ 5 - or ⁇ 4 -3 ⁇ -hydroxysteroide, such as pregnenolone, 17-hydroxy pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA ), or 4-pregnene-3 ⁇ ol-20-one, for example.
- a steroid precursor such as for example a ⁇ 5 - or ⁇ 4 -3 ⁇ -hydroxysteroide, such as pregnenolone, 17-hydroxy pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA ), or 4-pregnene-3 ⁇ ol-20-one, for example.
- this esterification is carried out at the OH function in position 3 of a said precursor.
- the expression of this activity in yeasts therefore makes it possible to obtain derivatives of acetylated steroid precursors, in whole or in part.
- yeast strains lacking the APAT enzymatic activity such as in particular those described in Cauet et al. (1999, Eur. J. Biochem., 261, 317-324) or in French patent application FR2774393, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in the present application.
- the yill24w gene was described during the yeast genome sequencing project, however its function had not yet been determined. It is located on chromosome IX, at coordinates 126204 to 127097. Its sequence is easily accessible to those skilled in the art in the Saccharomyces genome database located, for example, at http: // genome - www. Stanford. edu /.
- the protein encoded by the yill24w gene has a dehydrogenase activity comparable to the activity of 17 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase previously described in mammals (17BDH; Wu et al., 1993, J. Biol. Chem., 268, 12964-12969). This activity more specifically directs the reduction in alcohol of the ketone function located, naturally or after chemical modification, in position 17 of certain steroid precursors such as DHEA, for example.
- the enzymatic activity of the protein encoded by the yill24w gene leads to the reduction of the ketone function of this steroid and to the formation of a 3, 17-diol, to which we will refer below. -after like "Diol".
- the sequence of the yill24w gene being known, it is easy for a person skilled in the art, familiar with the techniques of mutagenesis in yeast, to produce a yeast strain in which the yill24w gene is inactivated. .
- yeast strains for which the coding sequence of the yll124w gene is interrupted (knock-out technique) and the enzymatic activity suppressed are examples of yeast strains for which the coding sequence of the yll124w gene is interrupted (knock-out technique) and the enzymatic activity suppressed.
- the Cyp7b gene is known, it has already been described by Stapleton et al., (1995, J. Biol. Chem., 270, 29739-29745) or Rose et al. (1997, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 4925-4930). Its sequence is described in particular in patent application WO9612820 and is accessible from the Institute for Fermentation Osaka (IFO) under the access code IFO 2031. The contents of these documents are incorporated by reference into the present application. However, there was nothing to suggest that this mammalian gene could be expressed, and more particularly expressed in its active form, by yeast.
- the Cyp7b gene is a gene isolated from mammals, in particular rats, mice and humans, in which the enzyme coded by this gene belongs to the family of enzymes commonly known as “cytochromes P450 ", the active form of which contains Theme (Poulos, 1988, Pharm. Res., 5, 67-75) and which are involved in the metabolic pathways of steroids (see Rose et al, 1997, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 4925-4930).
- the protein Cyp7b is a hydroxylase, and more particularly a 7-hydroxylase making it possible to obtain 7-hydroxylated steroids, and more particularly 7 ⁇ -hydroxylated steroids. Nevertheless, it is possible to envisage the particular case for which the steroid substrate is an equivalent of the known steroid compounds, in which by modification of the structure of one of the cycles the "naturally position 7" is transformed into a "position equivalent 6 ". In this specific case, the Cyp7b protein would make it possible to obtain 6-hydroxylated steroids.
- the action on the compound “Diol” described above of the enzyme Cyp7b expressed in the yeasts used allows the formation of a 3, 7, 17-triol, hereinafter called “ Triol ”.
- Triol a 3, 7, 17-triol
- the 3OH function of said diol or of said triol is acetylated, one will speak respectively of “acetyl-diol” or of “acetyl-triol”.
- the nature of the hydroxylated and / or acetylated steroids produced according to the process of the invention therefore depends on the possibility for the yeast to express or not the acetylation functions encoded by the al fi gene, and / or dehydrogenation, encoded by the yill24w gene, in combination with the possibility for said yeast to express the hydroxylation enzyme Cyp7b.
- the compounds which it is desired to produce according to the present invention will be hydroxylated compounds, insofar as, for a large number of steroids, it has been shown that the hydroxylated derivative is more active than the acetylated derivative.
- the acetylated function is capable of being progressively hydrolyzed in vivo and can therefore constitute a delayed form of the hydroxylated form (that is to say that the compound as administered to the patient n is not the active form but that this active form is obtained in vivo, after natural metabolization of the acetylated compound).
- the present invention relates just as well to a process for producing steroids comprising free OH functions, as protected by an acetylated radical.
- the activity APAT of the yeast used in the process of the invention is low or zero. There are different possibilities for doing this.
- yeast strains in which the atfi gene is naturally absent or, at the very least, is little or not expressed.
- Nagasawa et al. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 1852-1857, 1998) mention that a strain IFO2031 (Sacccharomyces bayanus) is free from the atfi gene.
- the Applicant has highlighted the fact that the strains possessing atfi + activity carry out more limited acetylation reactions under oxidative conditions, in particular by growth on non-fermentable carbon sources, such as for example glycerol or l 'acetate.
- yeast strains having, naturally or after genetic manipulation, deacetylase activity This activity has been described as acting on esters of short-chain alcohols (rEF). The use of such a system would make it possible to deacetylate the products obtained by the APAT activity.
- Atfi ' strains that is to say in which the gene is not expressed or in which the product of this gene is inactive. More particularly, a person skilled in the art is capable, by routine experiments, of preparing yeast strains lacking the APAT enzymatic activity, such as in particular those described in Cauet et al. (1999, Eur. J. Biochem., 261, 317-324) or in French patent application FR2774393, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in the present application.
- the activity of the atfi gene may be advantageous to induce the activity of the atfi gene only at a certain point in the process of the invention, for example sequentially with the expression of the Cyp7b gene.
- certain promoters have been described in yeast, which are active only in the presence of external stimulation (Guarente et al., 1982, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 79, 7410-7414) or when the yeasts are in stationary phase (Panaretou et al., 1992, Eur. J. Biochem., 206, 635-640).
- the use of an atfi gene placed under the control of such a promoter therefore makes it possible to control the APAT activity in yeast containing such a recombinant gene.
- yeast used in the process of the invention leads to the formation of reduced compounds which can provide value. added to the unmodified product.
- culture conditions in an oxidative medium or the use of yeast strains in which the yill24w gene has been inactivated it is possible to use culture conditions in an oxidative medium or the use of yeast strains in which the yill24w gene has been inactivated.
- yeast strains capable of overexpressing the yill24w gene or of expressing 17BDH activity at a privileged time. bioconversion, for example by the use of strains for which the yill24w gene is placed under the control of an inducible promoter such as those described above.
- Methylated steroid derivatives can thus be obtained when the gene in question codes for an enzyme with methylase activity.
- steroids or steroid precursors having a 7-hydroxylable position that is to say accessible and capable of being hydroxylated by an enzyme having hydroxylase activity.
- hydroxylable positions consist in particular of a carbon, a sulfur, a nitrogen.
- steroid precursor substrates which can be used in the present invention, mention should be made more particularly of 3-hydroxylated steroids and in particular 3- ⁇ -hydroxylated steroids, or having a 3-keto function.
- a precursor selected from the group consisting of steroids with structure of androstanic, androstenic, pregnanic, pregnenic, cholanic type, cholenic, cholesteric, ergostanic, ergostenic, testosteronic or stigmamic for example DHEA, testosterone, pregnenolone, pregnanolone, 25-hydroxy-cholesterol, 5- ⁇ -androstane-3 ⁇ -17 ⁇ -diol, or 5- ⁇ -androstene-3 ⁇ -17 ⁇ - diol.
- these compounds can also be obtained in acetylated form.
- the ketone function 17 of the precursors having one can also undergo a reduction, as has been described previously.
- the invention can be implemented using yeasts of different genera which can be, without this list being exhaustive, selected from Candida, Yarrovia, Kluyveromyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Torulopsis, Pichia, Hansenula.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention will use yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, for example S. cerevisiae.
- the additional culture conditions are the usual conditions but can be optimized.
- the amounts of precursor added to the culture medium in the context of the process of the invention will be chosen so as to obtain a concentration in the bioconversion medium of between 10 and 200 ⁇ g / ml, preferably between 20 and 100 ⁇ g / ml.
- the yeasts used in the context of the invention are strains transformed so as to express the product of the Cyp7b gene. This means that said strains have been previously modified so as to introduce the Cyp7b gene into yeasts and allow its expression. With regard to the transformation of yeasts in order to express the Cyp7b gene, it is possible to introduce this gene either into the yeast genome, or so that it has an extrachromosomal localization. For these effects, systems of the plasmid type, circular or linear, can be used.
- plasmids comprising origins of yeast replication
- plasmids derived from the 2 ⁇ plasmid of Saccharomyces which will preferably include, as selection marker, either a selection marker for antibiotic resistance, for example the G418R gene, or at least one auxotrophy marker such as URA3, URA3d LEU2.
- selection marker either a selection marker for antibiotic resistance, for example the G418R gene, or at least one auxotrophy marker such as URA3, URA3d LEU2.
- the Cyp7b gene its nucleic sequence (Institute for Fermentation Osaka (IFO), access code IFO 2031 or SEQ ID NO1) can be cloned under the control of a yeast promoter such as CYCl (Degryse et al . Yeast (1995), ⁇ , pp. 629-640), TEF1 (Cotrelle et al., 1985, J. Biol. Chem., 260, 3090-3096) or TDH3 (Bitter and Egan, 1984, Gene, 32, 263-274) in order to allow its expression in transformed yeasts.
- the method of the invention further comprises a step in which the steroids produced are isolated from the medium. Such a step is not a crucial element of the said process and can use various techniques generally used in the field of steroid purification (chromatography, HPLC, etc.).
- the invention further relates to the new hydroxylated steroids which can be or are obtained by the process described above as well as their use in the context of therapeutic or prophylactic applications, in particular as neurosteroids, for the preparation of a drug intended for the treatment of the human or animal body.
- compositions in particular pharmaceuticals, containing such new hydroxylated steroids.
- These pharmaceutical compositions also contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
- a support is preferably isotonic, hypotonic or weakly hypertonic and has a relatively low ionic strength, such as by example a sucrose solution.
- a support can contain any solvent, or aqueous or partially aqueous liquid such as sterile non-pyrogenic water.
- the pH of the formulation is further adjusted and buffered to meet the requirements for in vivo use.
- the formulation may also include a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, adjuvant or excipient, as well as solubilizers, stabilizers, preservatives.
- an aqueous, non-aqueous or isotonic solution formulation is preferred. It can be presented as a single dose or in multidose in liquid or dry form (powder, lyophilisate, etc.) capable of being reconstituted extemporaneously with an appropriate diluent.
- the cyp7b cDNA is amplified using the oligo of sequence SEQ ID No. 1, thus introducing a SalI site (underlined) and a sequence of 4A before the ATG codon and a second primer of sequence SEQ ID No. 2 introducing a Mlul site after the stop codon.
- the first PCR product is subcloned after a Sali Mlul restriction in the Sali Mlul site of the vector equivalent to pTG10164 (Degryse et al., Yeast (1995), ⁇ , pp. 629-640). This leads to a vector pTG14010 containing the Cyp7b gene under the control of the CYCl promoter (Degryse et al.
- the Notl expression block containing the promoter CYCl (respectively, TEF1) was introduced into the plasmid based on the 2 micron pTG 10042 (respectively, pTG10092) containing the gene URA3d to give the plasmid pTG14012 (respectively, pTG14014).
- the plasmid pTG14015 was constructed in the same way as pTG14014, from pTG 10220, which carries the URA3 gene, as a selection gene.
- the URA3d gene was chosen because it leads to selection for a very large number of copies in minimum medium.
- the URA3 gene produces an average number of copies, and the selection pressure is reasonable in minimum medium.
- the plasmids pTG14012, pTG14014 and pTG14015 were introduced by transformation into the strain FY1679-28c, the transformants selected on an appropriate minimal medium and then stored.
- All vectors contain the replicon of E. coli and the origin of replication of the 2 ⁇ yeast plasmid.
- the yeasts used are:
- FY1679-28c (Mata ura3-52 trpl - 63 leu2 - 1 his3- 200 GAL fenl), a segregating Mata from FY1679.
- TGY202 and TGY206 are TRP1 derivatives obtained after transformation of the strains, respectively, F1679-28c and TGY186.
- TGY156 part of the atfi gene was inactivated and replaced by URA3.
- TGY186 is a derivative of TGY156 in which the URA3 gene at the atfi locus has been replaced by TEF1:: PGK1 in the form of an expression block.
- the strains are transformed using the lithium acetate procedure (Ito, et al., 1983, J. Bact. 153, 163-168) or by electroporation (Nacken et al., 1994, Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 1509-10) and selected on a solid YNBG medium containing the appropriate amino acids.
- the cells are grown on a solid YNBG medium supplemented with the appropriate amino acids. Preculture is carried out for 24 hours at
- the minimal medium (YNB and the carbon source) is supplemented with 0.5% casamino acids (in addition to the nutrients necessary for the strain).
- the glucose is also present at 0.1% to start the culture.
- An aliquot of the preculture is used to inoculate 10 ml of culture medium with an optical density at 600 nm of 0.1 and the DHEA is dissolved in a tergitol / ethanol mixture 50/50 at 10 mg / ml (or added at the time indicated). At different time intervals an aliquot of 500 ⁇ l of the culture medium is taken and the steroids are extracted in order to measure them.
- the different culture media which have been used are YPG, YNBD (2% glucose) and YNBG (2% glycerol, 0.1% glucose).
- the yil! 24w gene was amplified by PCR using the sequence primers
- Sali and Mlul The amplification product after restriction by the enzymes SalI and Mlul was subcloned into the yeast vector pTG 10851 to give the vector pTG 14491.
- the yill24w gene is thus under the control of the yeast promoter TEF1 and the terminator of PGK1 yeast.
- the origin of replication is 2-micron and the selection marker is the G418 resistance gene.
- the values are expressed in ⁇ g / ml of the steroid extracted from the culture medium
- Plasmid pTG 14491 was restricted by PstI and Ncol (unique restriction sites in the coding sequence of yill24w) and the sticky ends were blunted by T4 DNA polymerase.
- the URA3 gene is then cloned into this plasmid, so that the coding sequence of yill24w is interrupted by this URA3 selection marker.
- the resulting plasmid pTG14584 contains the URA3 gene in the same translation direction as the TIL124w gene.
- the released fragment containing yill24w interrupted by URA3 is introduced into the strains TGY202 and TGY206, and the recombinant colonies are selected on YNBD + LH, the selection being for prototrophy for uracil.
- the TGY279 and TGY282 strains are thus obtained respectively.
- the TGY206 and TGY282 strains are incubated in the presence of DHEA or acetyl-DHEA in the YNBD medium for 24 hours and the products obtained are measured.
- TGY282 strain is no longer capable of reducing DHEA or acetyl-DHEA into resp. diol or acetyl diol. This confirms the inactivation of the yill24w gene, as well as its 17-dehydrogenase function.
- yeast has an intrinsic deacetylation activity from acetyl-DHEA to DHEA.
- the identification of the responsible gene and its over-expression in relation to the APAT activity will make it possible to produce steroids without using mutants of the atfi gene.
- EXAMPLE 6 Implementation of the method according to the present invention to obtain 7-hydroxy-DHEA from DHEA, using the strain TGY202, transformed with the expression plasmids of cyp7b.
- the TGY202 strain transformed with the plasmids pTG14012, pTG14014 or pTG14015 is incubated in the presence of DHEA (40 ⁇ g / ml) in YPG medium, for 48 hours, and the presence of 7-hydroxy-DHEA (7 ⁇ HO-DHEA) is evaluated in the medium.
- DHEA 40 ⁇ g / ml
- any potential substrate for Cyp7b can be hydroxylated in vivo by a yeast strain expressing cyp7b.
- EXAMPLE 7 Increase in the production of 7 ⁇ HO-DHEA by bioconversion, by modulating the fermentation conditions TGY202-pTG14012 and TGY202-pTG14014 are incubated in the media
- YNBD and YNBG for 48 hours, in the presence of DHEA (40 ⁇ g / ml) added to the medium immediately after inoculation, or after 8 hours of incubation.
- EXAMPLE 8 Preferential production of 7 ⁇ HO-DHEA in the absence of acetylated derivatives by the use of KO strains for the APAT activity
- TGY206-pTG14014 is incubated in YNBD in the presence of DHEA (lOO ⁇ g / ml) for 49 hours. Analysis of the products obtained indicates that 100% of 7 ⁇ HO-DHEA is recovered (91.7 ⁇ g / ml).
- the TGY202 and TGY279 strains were incubated with DHEA for 24 hours in the YPD culture medium, and the steroids produced were measured.
- the TGY279 and TGY282 strains are transformed with the plasmid pTG14011 and selected on YPG + G418.
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001528620A JP2004500340A (ja) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-04 | 酵母発酵による修飾ステロイド類の製造方法 |
| EP00966279A EP1218516A2 (fr) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-04 | Procede de preparation de steroides modifies par fermentation de levures |
| CA002386419A CA2386419A1 (fr) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-04 | Procede de preparation de steroides modifies par fermentation de levures |
| US10/089,803 US7033779B1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-04 | Method for preparing steroids modified by yeast fermentation |
| AU76726/00A AU780186B2 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-04 | Method for preparing steroids modified by yeast fermentation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9912410A FR2799206A1 (fr) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Procede de production de steroides modifies par fermentation de levures |
| FR99/12410 | 1999-10-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001025469A2 true WO2001025469A2 (fr) | 2001-04-12 |
| WO2001025469A3 WO2001025469A3 (fr) | 2002-02-28 |
Family
ID=9550591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2000/002753 Ceased WO2001025469A2 (fr) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-04 | Procede de preparation de steroides modifies par fermentation de levures |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7033779B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1218516A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2004500340A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU780186B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2386419A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2799206A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001025469A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7670829B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2010-03-02 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Yeast strains autonomously producing steroids |
| US7879592B2 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2011-02-01 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Modified yeasts and uses thereof, in particular for producing steroid derivatives |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9421093D0 (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1994-12-07 | Univ Edinburgh | Hippocampus-associated proteins, DNA sequences coding therefore and uses thereof |
| EP0954317B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-09 | 2007-06-06 | The University Of Edinburgh | Utilisation de steroides a substitution 7 alpha pour traiter les troubles neuropsychiatriques |
| FR2774393B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-05 | 2000-03-24 | Hoechst Marion Roussel Inc | Souches de levure ayant le gene atf2 interrompu et leurs applications |
-
1999
- 1999-10-05 FR FR9912410A patent/FR2799206A1/fr active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-10-04 WO PCT/FR2000/002753 patent/WO2001025469A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-04 JP JP2001528620A patent/JP2004500340A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-04 CA CA002386419A patent/CA2386419A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-04 US US10/089,803 patent/US7033779B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-04 AU AU76726/00A patent/AU780186B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-04 EP EP00966279A patent/EP1218516A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7879592B2 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2011-02-01 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Modified yeasts and uses thereof, in particular for producing steroid derivatives |
| US8173402B2 (en) | 2000-08-08 | 2012-05-08 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Modified yeasts and uses thereof, in particular for producing steroid derivatives |
| US7670829B2 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2010-03-02 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Yeast strains autonomously producing steroids |
| US7977065B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2011-07-12 | Aventis Pharma S.A. | Yeast strains autonomously producing steroids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004500340A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
| AU7672600A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| EP1218516A2 (fr) | 2002-07-03 |
| US7033779B1 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
| CA2386419A1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 |
| AU780186B2 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| FR2799206A1 (fr) | 2001-04-06 |
| WO2001025469A3 (fr) | 2002-02-28 |
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