WO2001027609A2 - Appareil de test - Google Patents
Appareil de test Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001027609A2 WO2001027609A2 PCT/GB2000/003904 GB0003904W WO0127609A2 WO 2001027609 A2 WO2001027609 A2 WO 2001027609A2 GB 0003904 W GB0003904 W GB 0003904W WO 0127609 A2 WO0127609 A2 WO 0127609A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- test apparatus
- load
- plane
- rotation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/30—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids for lubricating properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for and method of determining the traction conditions between engaged rotating members such as the rollers and discs in an infinitely-variable-transmission (IVT).
- IVT infinitely-variable-transmission
- the apparatus and method also lend themselves to determining traction properties between other elements such as bearings and the like.
- a high traction fluid is desirable. Instead of transmitting power through gears, it is possible to transmit power across a heavily- loaded contact between two rotating disk/roller arrangements.
- the maximum force, and therefore power that can be transmitted is directly related to the traction or shear force developed in the fluid contact between the rollers/disks.
- Higher traction fluids can transmit more power and reduce the amount of sliding between the driving and driven disks.
- Another component in which low traction may not be desirable is roller bearings. In this case, some traction is required to reduce the amount of skidding that can take place between the rollers and bearing raceways.
- the traction force is a function of the following parameters: load; lubricant properties; temperature; slip and space between surfaces; shape of surfaces; and elastic properties of the contact materials.
- US-A-5372033 discloses a method and apparatus for measuring the thickness and traction properties of elastrohydrodynamic lubricant (EHL) films which utilises at least one ball or roller loaded against the interior diameter of a transparent ring having a larger radius than said ball or roller.
- a lubricant is placed between the rotating roller and ring thereby forming an EHL film where the ball and ring contact.
- Roller and ring rotating speeds are controlled to obtain different amounts of relative sliding motion between the surfaces.
- Contact between the surfaces and the resultant film are observed via the ring which is transparent, thereby allowing optical measurement of lubricating film thickness. Traction forces generated during contact may be measured by any suitable force measuring device.
- Load is applied to the roller test assembly by means of a lever arm arrangement pivoting about a pivotal shaft, thereby to create some mechanical advantage associated with the application of the load and the test rollers are forced upwardly towards the ring.
- this apparatus provides a perfectly adequate means of determining the traction properties of elastrohydrodynamic lubricants it has been found that the direction of the plane in which the load is applied will vary as the load is increased. Consequently, it is difficult to accurately reproduce real life operating conditions with this apparatus.
- this device does not lend itself to use in determining the magnitude of the traction conditions between rotating bodies as it is not possible to ensure that a component of the applied load is not affecting the traction force reading.
- a test apparatus comprising a first roller member; a second roller member, in fnctional engagement with said first roller member; and load application means for applying a load to said first or second member, in which the load application means comprises means for confining the direction of the applied load to a given plane.
- the present invention provides a test apparatus comprising a first roller, having a first plane of rotation; a second roller, having a second plane of rotation and being in fnctional contact with said first roller; load applying means, for applying a load to said first roller; and traction force determining means for determining the traction force between the two rollers; characterised by adjustment means for adjusting the plane of rotation of the first roller member; and in which the traction force determining means is connected to the points either side of said first disk and equidistant from the plane of rotation (P ⁇ ) of said disk.
- Such an arrangement more accurately reproduces real life operating conditions associated with roller bearings and the disc/roller combinations associated with infinitely-variable- transmissions (INT's).
- the load application means comprises adjustment means for adjusting the plane of rotation of one or both of the first and/or second roller members.
- the apparatus further includes a support which is secured to a fixed portion by a support member, said support member including said adjustment means.
- the support member comprises a plurality of support members extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation A ⁇ of the disc.
- the support member comprises three support members, a first and a second support member extending in a common plane and a third support member extending in a different plane, each of said planes being substantially co- planar with the axis A ⁇ of the disc.
- the apparatus includes determining means for determining the relative position of the planes of rotation of the roller members.
- the determining means may comprise load measuring means for determining the load on the adjustment means.
- Said adjustment means may comprise means for adjusting the length of the support member or members.
- the apparatus further includes loading means for applying a load to a roller member, thereby to create a contact force between the two rollers.
- the loading means comprises means for applying a load to the roller in the plane of said roller P r2 .
- the apparatus further includes force measuring means for measuring the traction force experienced by a roller.
- Said force measuring means may comprise a simple load cell.
- the apparatus further includes backlash adjustment means for adjusting the position of a roller to reduce any tolerance within bearing supporting said roller.
- Each of said rollers may be provided with driving means for driving said rollers in a direction opposite to each other.
- the driving means may further include speed adjustment means for adjusting the relative speeds of rotation.
- Figure 1 is a front elevation of an apparatus according to the present invention
- Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a partial cross sectional view taken in the direction of arrows A-A in Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an idealised apparatus
- Figure 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the roller lubrication system
- Figure 6 is an isometric view of the support structure shown schematically in figures 1 to 3;
- Figure 7 is an end elevation of part of the apparatus and illustrates the roller/bobbin interaction
- Figure 8 is a side view taken in the direction of arrow B in figure 6; and Figure 9 illustrates the mounting of the bobbin on the apparatus.
- the apparatus shown generally at 10 has first and second roller members 12, 14 driven by respective drive shafts 16, 18.
- a pair of motors shown at 20a, 20b drive said shafts 16, 18 and a speed adjusting means 21 allows for adjustment of the relative rotational speed of said shafts as and when necessary.
- a static base or plinth 22 upon which said motors are mounted forms a rigid and dimensionally stable base which, in use, acts as a reference datum for the positioning of various additional components.
- the first of said components comprises a roller shaft support member 24 securely mounted to said base and been provided with taper roller bearings 28a, 28b for accurately supporting said shaft whilst allowing for its rotation about A x j and for maintaining the plane of rotation P JU of roller 14 within a given plane.
- Roller shaft support member 26 supports shaft 16 and roller 12 attached thereto by means of taper roller bearings 30a, 30b discussed in detail later herein.
- a support member 30 Remote from the roller end is a support member 30 again also securely attached to base member 22. This support member provides an anchor point for support arms 32 connected at a proximal end to member 26 and at a distal end to support number 30.
- each of these members is by means of a universal or Rose joint 33 (available under part number 70MKTF from John Handley Bearings, Unit 39 Burnt Tree, Tipton, West Midlands, DY4 8XP) such that member 26 and the roller 12 associated therewith is, subject to restraining forces, free to move both vertically and sideways as will be described in detail later herein.
- the support members 32 extend substantially perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the discs 12, 14.
- support members 32a & 32b extend in a common plane and a third 32c extends in a different substantially perpendicular plane which itself contain the axis A ⁇ 2 of disc 12.
- member 32c need not be an upper support member and that, in fact, other positional relationships of these arms are possible whilst still maintaining the ability to move the roller to align its plane of rotation P r2 such that it is co-planar with plane P rl .
- the universal joints 33 allow arms 32 to pivot about their mounting point on support 30 whilst also allowing the planal position of item 26 to be altered as and when required.
- joints 33 and adjustment means 34 facilitate correction of the plane of rotation of disk 12 and ensure the accuracy of operation and of the data collected. It is quite possible to dispense with support arms 32 and replace them by an adjustable plate system (not shown) which sandwiches member 26 and is adjustable so as to adjust the planal position of said member and, hence, the planal position of disc 12.
- Each of members 32 is provided with a length adjusting means shown generally at 34 which, in effect, provides the means for adjusting the plane of rotation of roller 12.
- the adjusting means comprises a simple double threaded bar provided with a thread portions of slightly different pitches 38, 40 which operably engage with corresponding internal threads on different portions of each of members 32.
- a knurled nut 42 associated with the threaded portion 38, 40 the threads co-operate to lengthen or shorten the support member 32.
- a suitable locking mechanism shown in the form of a simple handle lock 44 is provided in order to lock the adjustment means in position as and when desired.
- An additional item of equipment shown on supports 32 is load cell 46 which may be used in order to determine the axial load on the support during rotation of the rollers.
- This "skew" force is indicative of the degree of misalignment of plane relative to plane P R j and is a major consideration of the present design. Adjustment of support members 32 in order to eliminate this load is undertaken in order to align the two planes. It will, however, be appreciated that alternative means for correcting the planar position of roller 12 may also present themselves such as, for example, the use of multiple dial test gauges on the flat side surface 12a, 14a of roller 12 and roller 14 respectively. Consequently, load cells 38 form just one suitable apparatus for achieving this requirement. A micrometer 48 may also be positioned such that it bridges the threaded portions of member 32, thereby to determine the magnitude of any adjustment.
- roller shaft support members 24, 26, it will be appreciated that the positioning of the shaft relative thereto must be as accurate and stable as possible in order to ensure accurate positioning of the rollers 12, 14.
- taper roller bearings 28a, 28b and 30a, 30b are provided within members 24, 26 respectively and engage with shafts 18, 16 in the appropriate manner.
- Such bearings may be adjusted in a manner well known to those skilled in the art thereby to reduce and possibly eliminate undesirable relative movements between the shafts and their respective supports. Such adjustment would only be required on initial installation of the shafts as it has been found that any minor relative movement is well within acceptable limits for successful operation of the present apparatus.
- Additional components comprise loading means 58 suspended below the rollers 12, 14 and connected to horizontally extending portions 26a, 26b of member 26.
- the support arms 60, 62 of loading means 58 extend in the same plane as roller 12 such that, in operation, any applied load is applied within that plane P ⁇ .
- slight variations of this planal position are possible without adversely affecting the accuracy of roller loading. Applying the load through a point mid-way between the bearings 28a, 28b and joints 33 might help reduce still further any minor ercors that might be introduced as a result of minor movements between the components within item 26.
- FIG. 4 Such an idealised arrangement is actually shown in Figure 4 in which member 26 straddles the roller 12 such that it supports the roller 12 at points 27, each of which are equidistant from the centre 12c of roller 12.
- the remainder of the support arrangement 30, 32, 33 etc is as described with reference to the other drawings and is, therefore, not discussed again here.
- support arms 60, 62 are also repositioned so as to straddle the centre of disk 12c and extend upwardly to points 60a, 62a on the centre line axis A xl and equidistant from centre 12c.
- a further member 73 straddles the centre-line A ⁇ 2 and is connected to the shaft 16 by means of suitable bearings 75 whilst also being connected to load cell 74 which is, in turn, pivotally attached at 74a by means of a suitable universal joint to fixed portion 30.
- load cell 74 should not experience any load other than that created as a result of traction forces.
- Figure 4 is schematic and that a full embodiment would include the provision of bearings 30a, 30b either side of roller 12 as well as suitable anchor points at 60a, 62a to ensure load Mi is applied evenly and in the correct plane.
- the anchor points may be provided on support 26 and load cell 74 may be connected to a support 26 at a point selected such that the cell is aligned with the axis of roller 12 and operates in a plane perpendicular to that in which the load W is applied, thereby ensuring accurate determination of the traction forces.
- a back-lash adjustment mechanism shown generally at 64 which allows for the elimination of back-lash associated with bearings 28a, 28b.
- the mechanism comprises a mass M 2 suspended on wire 66 which passes over low friction roller 68 before being attached to item 26 at a point on a horizontal plane Hp 2 which passes through axis A ⁇ 2 .
- a further load cell 70 is positioned for confirming the magnitude of the pre-load applied by mass M 2 .
- Load cell 74 positioned on the opposite side of 26 is used to measure traction force Tf.
- An optional load cell 75 may be grounded at 76 and connected to a vertically extending portion 26c of item 26 such that it is able to measure the bearing torque reaction load.
- FIGS. 6 & 7 Further components of apparatus 10 are shown in Figures 6 & 7 and include a bobbin member 80 having upper and lower contact surfaces 82, 84 respectively.
- Bobbin 80 is mounted for rotation about vertical axis A t , by means of bearings 86 provided at each end of a support shaft 88 housed in housing 90.
- the housing is mountable on an outer casing 92 which also acts to retain lubricants within the confines of the rollers.
- Contact surfaces 82, 84 fit between rollers 12', 14' which are of a reduced size relative to those in Figures 2, 3.
- roller 12' is still loaded vertically in the manner described above but in this arrangement it is loaded onto the flat contact surface 82 rather than roller 14, thereby to facilitate reproduction of the "spin" characteristics sometimes associated with contact between engaged rotating bodies.
- the apparatus of figures 1 to 4 is set-up by first positioning the discs 12, 14 in planes approximately co-planar and then adjusting the plane P r2 until it lies within or substantially within the same plane as that of roller 14. Adjustment may be achieved by using multiple dial test gauges (not shown) against the flat surface 12a, 14a of rollers 12, 14 and adjusting members 32 until no discernible difference between the planal positions can be detected. Surfaces 12a, 14a are machined such that they are perpendicular to plane P R2 in order to facilitate this operation. In effect, this aligns the planes of the rollers 12, 14 (defined by axes A A and A B in Figure 5) so they are co- planar as required for correct operation of the apparatus.
- roller 12 is loaded by applying the desired weight Mi to loading struts 58, 60, 62 thereby to reproduce the desired operating conditions.
- the relative rotational speeds of rollers 12, 14 are adjusted by adjustment means 21 in order to achieve the desired slip/roll test conditions. Measurements from the load cells on supports 32 and at 74/75 give an indication of the performance of the lubricant under test and are recorded in the usual manner for subsequent analysis. Tests are repeated for a series of differential speeds and loads in order to provide a full "map" of fluid properties.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Electrophotography Configuration And Component (AREA)
- Friction Gearing (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU78031/00A AU7803100A (en) | 1999-10-11 | 2000-10-11 | Test apparatus |
| GB0210642A GB2371371B (en) | 1999-10-11 | 2000-10-11 | Test apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9924032.7A GB9924032D0 (en) | 1999-10-11 | 1999-10-11 | Test apparatus |
| GB9924032.7 | 1999-10-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001027609A2 true WO2001027609A2 (fr) | 2001-04-19 |
| WO2001027609A3 WO2001027609A3 (fr) | 2001-08-16 |
Family
ID=10862527
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB2000/003904 Ceased WO2001027609A2 (fr) | 1999-10-11 | 2000-10-11 | Appareil de test |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU7803100A (fr) |
| GB (2) | GB9924032D0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001027609A2 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8152687B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2012-04-10 | Torotrack (Development) Limited | Powdered metal variator components |
| WO2018114950A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-24 | 2018-06-28 | Peter Tenberge | Banc d'essai pour modèles pour des essais tribologiques sur des corps d'essai non circulaires, en forme de disque |
| EP3650830A1 (fr) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-13 | Goodrich Actuation Systems SAS | Tribomètre à disque double capable de mouvement réciproque et / ou non-collinéaire |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1450685A (en) * | 1973-12-16 | 1976-09-22 | Int Research & Dev Co Ltd | Lubricant testing apparatus |
| JPS6167439A (ja) * | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-07 | Nisshin Kogyo Kk | 凍結魚体解凍方法 |
| GB2194060A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-24 | Plint & Partners Ltd | Lubricant testing apparatus |
| SU1613933A1 (ru) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-12-15 | Киевский Институт Инженеров Гражданской Авиации Им.60-Летия Ссср | Способ определени момента трени роликов |
| US5388442A (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1995-02-14 | Tranergy Corporation | Lubrication and adhesion testing machine |
| JP2000166545A (ja) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-06-20 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | 胆汁酸活性化リパーゼ |
-
1999
- 1999-10-11 GB GBGB9924032.7A patent/GB9924032D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-10-11 WO PCT/GB2000/003904 patent/WO2001027609A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-11 AU AU78031/00A patent/AU7803100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-11 GB GB0210642A patent/GB2371371B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8152687B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2012-04-10 | Torotrack (Development) Limited | Powdered metal variator components |
| US9850998B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2017-12-26 | Torotrak (Development) Limited | Powered metal variator components |
| WO2018114950A1 (fr) * | 2016-12-24 | 2018-06-28 | Peter Tenberge | Banc d'essai pour modèles pour des essais tribologiques sur des corps d'essai non circulaires, en forme de disque |
| EP3650830A1 (fr) * | 2018-11-08 | 2020-05-13 | Goodrich Actuation Systems SAS | Tribomètre à disque double capable de mouvement réciproque et / ou non-collinéaire |
| US11327005B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2022-05-10 | Goodrich Actuation Systems Sas | Twin-disc tribometer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2371371B (en) | 2003-11-12 |
| GB2371371A (en) | 2002-07-24 |
| AU7803100A (en) | 2001-04-23 |
| GB9924032D0 (en) | 1999-12-15 |
| GB0210642D0 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
| WO2001027609A3 (fr) | 2001-08-16 |
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