WO2001049632A1 - Method for preparing glass-ceramic - Google Patents
Method for preparing glass-ceramic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001049632A1 WO2001049632A1 PCT/JP2001/000021 JP0100021W WO0149632A1 WO 2001049632 A1 WO2001049632 A1 WO 2001049632A1 JP 0100021 W JP0100021 W JP 0100021W WO 0149632 A1 WO0149632 A1 WO 0149632A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- glass
- crystal
- glass ceramic
- less
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/15—Compositions characterised by their physical properties
- A61K6/16—Refractive index
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/15—Compositions characterised by their physical properties
- A61K6/17—Particle size
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
- A61K6/807—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics comprising magnesium oxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
- A61K6/816—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics comprising titanium oxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
- A61K6/818—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics comprising zirconium oxide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
- A61K6/827—Leucite
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
- A61K6/831—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising non-metallic elements or compounds thereof, e.g. carbon
- A61K6/833—Glass-ceramic composites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0018—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and monovalent metal oxide as main constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
- C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/0007—Compositions for glass with special properties for biologically-compatible glass
- C03C4/0021—Compositions for glass with special properties for biologically-compatible glass for dental use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing glass ceramics.
- the glass ceramics pulverized product (powder) according to the present invention is used as a porcelain material for producing dentures having excellent aesthetics, especially when laid on a metal frame surface and coated by welding. Useful.
- the porcelain powder consisting of glass ceramics (hereinafter simply referred to as “porcelain”) is laid on the surface of the metal frame, the porcelain is fused to the surface of the frame.
- Techniques for producing dentures having the same appearance as natural teeth and having excellent mechanical and chemical durability are well known.
- Metal full rate beam material, Ri Do a noble metal alloy as the main, the thermal expansion coefficient of these alloys, substantially constant ((1 4. 2 ⁇ 0. 5) X 1 0- 6 / ° about C) It is.
- a series of coating steps consisting of laying, welding, and cooling porcelain on the surface of the metal frame are repeated several times, and the dentures are formed.
- the external shape is completed. More specifically, base opaque porcelain for concealing and fusing metal colors, dentin porcelain for forming the basic tone of teeth, and enamel porcelain for reproducing the enamel of teeth
- base opaque porcelain for concealing and fusing metal colors dentin porcelain for forming the basic tone of teeth
- enamel porcelain for reproducing the enamel of teeth
- a series of coating steps consisting of building up, welding and cooling the porcelain on the metal frame is repeated at least three times, often more. Repeated about 10 times.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the porcelain material is close to that of the metal frame material, and the thermal expansion coefficient itself hardly fluctuates during the above-mentioned repeated covering process. It is required to have such thermal stability.
- the restoration denture can be arbitrarily colored to have the same excellent aesthetic appearance as natural teeth. Wear. Because of these excellent properties (coefficient of thermal expansion and transparency), glass ceramics containing desirablee crystals have been proposed as a material (porcelain) for coating metal frames. O
- US Pat. No. 4,604,366 discloses glass ceramic slits and matrices containing a plurality of types of leucite crystal containing different leucite crystal contents and different thermal expansion coefficients. It discloses a method for manufacturing ceramic porcelain that blends with glass. However, this method of producing porcelain requires at least three or more types to properly control the amount of resite crystals in the final product, porcelain, and adjust the coefficient of thermal expansion. The determination of the mixing ratio of each raw material to be used and the compounding operation thereof are complicated, and furthermore, the dentures obtained by sintering may result in uneven distribution of theerede crystals. Problems.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,536 discloses a method of mixing a natural feldspar, such as a wisdom feldspar as a notede crystal source, with a glass matrix-forming component, followed by melting and slow cooling. It discloses a method for producing ceramic porcelain that is then rapidly cooled. However, this method not only complicates the natural feldspar refining process but also the manufacturing process as a whole, and also causes the trace impurity components derived from natural feldspar to remain in the porcelain, resulting in transparency. To decline There is a risk that the color of the denture will be impaired.
- the welding temperature be as low as possible, considering workability.
- “low fusion porcelain” which softens and flows at 750 to 950 ° C and is welded to the metal surface
- the frustratede crystal phase is an unstable phase.
- the temperature is kept at 50 ° C or lower, the crystal is transformed into a different crystal or coexists with a different crystal phase. More specifically, a powder of a known low melting point glass ceramic (composite consisting of a leucite crystal and a matrix phase) containing a leucite crystal is used.
- the Na-K feldspathic crystal When baked at 750-950 ° C to cover the metal frame material, the Na-K feldspathic crystal (after a certain time elapses) because the containedmonye crystal is a metastable crystal phase. Precipitation of high-temperature type Na ⁇ K sanidin) starts, then the number ofscribede crystals starts to decrease, and finally theusede crystals disappear. This precipitation of Na ⁇ K feldspathic crystals leads to a decrease in the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass ceramic and an emulsification. As a result, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass ceramics gradually decreases during the series of coating operations of building, welding and cooling the glass ceramics on the metal frame. Adhesion between the frame material and the ceramic coating layer is caused by failures such as cracks caused by strain stress between the frame material and the ceramic coating layer. descend. Also, the transparency of the ceramic coating layer is impaired due to the emulsification of the glass ceramic.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a glass ceramic containing a single-site crystal which can be easily manufactured.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a leusite exhibiting a stable coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent transparency without substantially changing the leucite crystal phase content even by heating.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a porcelain using crystal-containing glass ceramics and its powder.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a glass ceramic containing desirablee crystals in which the amount ofscribede crystals once deposited does not substantially decrease during the coating operation on the metal frame. To provide materials.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide a recycle system that does not cause a reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating layer and no emulsification during the coating operation of the glass ceramic on the metal frame. It is to provide glass ceramic containing ceramics.
- Still another object of the present invention is obtained by laying and welding the glass ceramic porcelain containing thefinie crystal on the surface of a metal frame. To provide dentures.
- the above object of the present invention is achieved by mixing a vitreous raw material and a previously synthesized Noblee crystal (seed crystal), and then subjecting the resulting mixture to heat treatment under specific conditions. It is.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing glass ceramics containing leucite crystals
- Glassy materials used in the present invention (1) includes as a Si0 2, A1 2 0 3, K 2 0 and Na 2 0 essential components.
- Na 20 is a low melting component of the vitreous raw material (1).
- the vitreous raw material (1) is an optional ingredient that can be used as a material for Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, P, and P, which does not hinder the precipitation of lysite crystals and the transparency of glass ceramics. It may contain colorless oxides such as Ti and Zr and F. Is a tool body Examples of such optional components, Li 2 0 (2% by weight or less), Mg0 (3 wt% or less), Ca0 (3 wt% or less), Sr0 (2 wt%), B 2 0 3 (3 wt% or less), P 2 0 5 (2 wt%), Ti0 2 (3 wt% or less), Zr0 2 (l wt%), include such F (2 wt%) Is also good. It is preferable that the total content of these optional components in the glass raw material (1) is 6% by weight or less.
- Oxides such as Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, P, and Ti are effective in lowering the melting of glass ceramics.
- Oxides such as Mg, Ca, Sr, B, and Ti improve the water and acid resistance of glass ceramics.
- Oxides such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ti, and Zr improve the resistance of glass ceramics to aluminum.
- the expression “including 2% by weight or less” with respect to an oxide component means that the oxide is Includes cases where it is not contained.
- Yo Ri preferred correct composition of glass raw material (1) is, Si0 2. 61 to 65 wt% of, A1 2 0 3 12 ⁇ 20 wt% of, K 2 0. 10 to about 15 wt%, Na 2 0. 6 to About 10% by weight, Li 2 0 0.3% by weight or less, MgO 1% by weight or less, CaO 2% by weight or less, B 2 0 3 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, SrO 1% by weight or less, Ti0 2 2% by weight or less, Zr0 2 0.5 by weight% or less, Ru P 2 0 5 0.5% by weight or less your good beauty F 1.5% by weight or less der. Also in this case, it is preferable that the total content of the optional components is 6% by weight or less.
- the glassy raw material (1) can be prepared by a known melting method.
- a normal high-alumina crucible, a platinum crucible, a Rh-containing platinum crucible, a Zr-containing platinum crucible, and the like are used. Among these, a platinum crucible containing Rh and a platinum crucible containing Zr are more preferred.
- the vitreous raw material (1) is preferably used in the form of a powder.
- a synthetic Li Interview one site crystals used as a seed crystal (2) the synthesis of theoretical composition Li Interview Sai preparative crystal, Li Interview Sai preparative solid solution solid solution of Si0 2 component, synthetic Li A crystal in which part of K (5% or less) in the site crystal has been replaced by Rb, and a mixture containing at least two of these.
- the synthetic resite seed crystal (2) is used in the form of a mixture, the mixing ratio of each component is not limited.
- a synthetic concisee crystal having a theoretical composition is more preferable.
- a synthetic Interview Sai Bok seed crystals used in the present invention (2) includes as an essential component Si0 2, A 1 2 0 3 and K 2 0.
- the syntheticflower seed (2) may contain an optional component that does not reduce thestie crystal content to 80% by weight or less and does not reduce transparency.
- optional components include oxides such as Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, P, Ti, Zr and F. I can do it.
- These optional components cannot be used in large amounts because they reduce the degree of crystallinity in the seed crystal, but they promote the diffusion of essential components and achieve low melting during melting. It is preferable that the total content of optional components in the syntheticflower crystal seed (2) be 3% by weight or less.
- Synthetic broccoli seed crystal (2) is not particularly limited, but can be prepared by a usual melting method as in the case of the above glassy raw material (1).
- After melting slowly cool at a cooling rate of about 100 ° C / hr or less (preferably about 50 ° C / hr) up to about 1300 ° C.
- After completion of crystallization by cooling it can be prepared by allowing it to cool to room temperature (about 15 to 25 ° C).
- the formation of syntheticsteade crystals can be easily confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis of the product.
- the melt is kept at, for example, 1400 to 1500 ° C for about 2 to 3 hours in the intermediate stage of the slow cooling.
- Normal high alumina is used for melting the raw material mixture.
- Crucibles made of platinum, platinum crucibles, platinum crucibles containing Rh, platinum crucibles containing Zr, etc. can be used.
- the syntheticannae seed crystal (2) can also be prepared by placing the same raw material mixture in a crucible, holding at a temperature of 1400 ° C or more for a predetermined time, and firing. it can.
- the higher the sintering temperature the shorter the synthesis time.
- the sintering temperature is about 1600 ° C
- the sintering time is maintained for about 5 hours, so that the crystallinity is about 95%.
- a seed crystal is obtained.
- the sintering temperature is about 1400 ° C, it is necessary to maintain the sintering temperature for about 3 to 6 H to obtain a seed crystal having the same degree of crystallinity.
- Synthetic Organic Materials In the production of glass ceramics, it is also preferable to use the syntheticnitro seed crystal (2) in a crushed state.
- Synthetic Organic seed crystal (2) Powder is, for example, quenched by putting into a water crucible containing a high-temperature syntheticessene crystal prepared as described in After crushing, separating and recovering the crystallized material, drying, and then using a crusher such as a roll mill, ball mill, or jet mill, the product is crushed to a specified size (usually passed through 200 mesh). (Less than about 75 ⁇ m), and more preferably, a particle size distribution of about 30 to 60m as the average particle size, and sieved as necessary. Thereby, it can be prepared.
- the synthetic reducer The size of the crystallite (2) is not particularly limited to the above value as long as it functions as a seed crystal. For example, a desired effect can be achieved even when using fine particles having an average size of about 3.5 m.
- the glass ceramics according to the present invention In the production of the glass ceramics according to the present invention, a high-purity recycle site synthesized as described above with respect to 100 parts by weight of the glass raw material (1) powder is used.
- Crystal (2) Use a mixture containing 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of powder as a raw material. If the amount of the Ryusite seed crystal (2) is excessive, the glass ceramics is emulsified, which is not preferable.
- the mixing ratio of the glassy raw material (1) and the syntheticsteade seed crystal (2) is more preferably 1 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the former. In this more preferable mixing ratio, glass ceramics having more excellent properties can be obtained.
- the above mixture is usually heat-treated at about 750 to 950 ° C for about 1 to 5 hours, and more preferably about 800 to 900 ° C for about 3 to 5 hours. Thereby, it is manufactured.
- the crushed powder or the sized powder obtained by adjusting the particle size by sieving the crushed powder according to an ordinary method is used.
- the powder used as the porcelain material is not particularly limited, but usually has a particle size of 100 m or less, and more preferably has an average particle size of 5 to 50 m. Within the range, the content of fine powder with a force of 1 m or less is 1% or less.
- the raw material mixture Since a predetermined amount of syntheticsteade seed crystal (2) is blended, thestie crystal power grows rapidly in the glass phase under heating conditions, and grows quickly and becomes saturated within a short time. To reach. Therefore, when the obtained glass ceramics is used as a porcelain material, it is possible to secure a sufficiently long time until heterogeneous crystals such as Na-K feldspar crystals are precipitated. Therefore, even under the conditions of high-temperature use as porcelain, the discoverede crystals continue to be stably present, and the emulsion phenomenon due to the precipitation of heterogeneous crystals (feldspars) is effective. Is suppressed.
- heterogeneous crystals such as Na-K feldspar crystals
- the blending ratio of the synthetic recite seed crystal (2) in the raw material mixture used in the present invention is too high, the following problems occur. That is, when the mixture of the glassy raw material (1) powder and the seed crystal (2) powder is subjected to sintering crystallization heat treatment, the glassy raw material (1) powder and the seed crystal (2) powder are melted. Insufficient adhesion leaves fine voids, resulting in emulsification. In addition, when glass ceramics ceramic powder is welded onto a metal frame, it becomes difficult to remove bubbles, and fine cracks are generated in the welded material. So it is not practical.
- the particle size of the re-site crystals in the glass ceramics obtained by the method of the present invention is 200 mesh or less (about 75 m or less), Reusite crystal part derived from (2) It is clear that the original particle size was maintained as it was.
- a discoverede crystal grown from the seed crystal (2) as a starting point has (a) a large number of starting points and (b) a heat treatment temperature of 750 to 950 ° C for growth. Therefore, the average grain size is about 5 m or less due to two main reasons that the crystal growth rate is low.
- the glass ceramics obtained by the method of the present invention contains enjoyede crystals, and has a coefficient of thermal expansion at 50 to 500 ° C. in the range of 12 to 17.5 ⁇ 10 5 / ° C. Even if the glass ceramic of the present invention is subjected to heat treatment under the severe condition of 850 ° C for 3 hours (or 750 ° C for 10 hours), the amount of reusable crystal is substantially increased. Heterogeneous crystals such as Na ⁇ K feldspar crystals Also has the property that it does not substantially precipitate.
- the present invention method gala Ri obtained by the Susera mission-Li Interview one site crystals in click scan, Li Interview Sai preparative crystal theoretical composition, Li Interview Sai preparative solid solution solid solution S i 0 2 component, Li It is a general term for crystals in which part of K (2% or less) in the site crystals is substituted by Rb, and mixtures containing at least two of these.
- the amount of Ryusite crystals at or near the saturation temperature at the crystal growth temperature during production has an average particle size of 10 m or less (more preferably 5 m or less). m or less) and exists uniformly dispersed as a metastable crystal phase.
- the content of the leucite crystals in the glass ceramics according to the present invention is determined by the mixing ratio of the glassy raw material (1) and the syntheticannae seed crystal (2), the glass ceramics It may vary depending on the heat treatment conditions at the time of manufacturing the grease, but is in the range of about 15 to 43% by weight.
- an emulsifier, a coloring agent, or the like may be used, if necessary, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Known additives such as pigments for use and phosphors can be blended.
- Is a coloring pigment for example, Fe 2 0 3 based, Fe 2 0 3 - Cr 2 0 3 based, Fe 2 0 3 - CoO - Cr 2 0 3 system, Pr0 2 system, V 2 0 5 system, CeO system, Mn0 2 systems include etc. Sn0 2 Cr 2 0 3 system.
- Is used as the fluorescent substance for example, Ce-doped Y 2 0 3, etc. are Ru mentioned.
- the porcelain mixture containing the specified additives is kneaded with water and a modeling liquid (eg, PVA aqueous solution) according to a conventional method, and then coated with a metal frame. 'Used for building.
- a well-known paste-type kneading agent polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol having a predetermined degree of polymerization, etc.
- the glass ceramic powder according to the present invention When used as a porcelain for producing dentures, it can be used in the same manner as a known porcelain.
- the external shape of the denture is completed by repeating a series of covering steps including laying, welding, and cooling the porcelain on the surface of the metal frame a plurality of times.
- the glass ceramics of the present invention can be prepared, for example, by placing the sample in a furnace at (i) vacuum firing (manufacturer designation process) prescribed in JIST 6515 ⁇ (ii) a predetermined temperature, for example, 600 ° C. After that, the temperature is raised to 900 ° C at 60 ° C / min, then taken out into the atmosphere and allowed to cool.
- the glass ceramics of the present invention is extremely useful as a porcelain for dental metal frames.
- a material made of a known noble metal alloy is preferable.
- Noble metal alloys include, for example, gold high color, gold medium, gold-silver-palladium alloy, gold-palladium alloy, silver-palladium alloy, etc. .
- the glass ceramics powder of the present invention is laid on a metal frame, and the lower layer porcelain, which is formed to conceal the metal color when welding, is mixed with an emulsifier. It is preferable to use mixed powder (commonly known as “opaque porcelain”) or a mixture thereof (known as “paste opaque”). In addition, coloring pigments (which may contain a small amount of emulsifier) are incorporated in the overcoating porcelain (commonly called “dentin” and “enamel”) formed to imitate natural teeth. It is preferable to use glass ceramic powder that has been prepared.
- FIG. 1 shows the glass ceramic powder and the ratio of Example 1.
- 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat treatment time in the crystallization treatment and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the sintered body of the glass ceramic powder of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat treatment time in the crystallization treatment and the integrated intensity of the X-ray diffraction line for the fired bodies of the above two types of glass ceramic powders.
- composition (% by weight) of the glassy raw material (1) and the composition (% by weight) of the high-purity syntheticannae seed crystal (2) used in the following Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1. Shown in
- the content ofusede crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 0 to 20.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 zm or less.
- a glass ceramic powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the neglectede seed crystal was not used. That is, after 100 parts by weight of a glass material (sample: Gl) is heat-treated at 850 ° C. for a predetermined time (1 to 24 hours), it is cooled and pulverized to obtain a glass ceramic outside the scope of the present invention. Powder was produced.
- the content of reusable crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 0 to 18% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 m or less.
- Example 1 After each glass ceramic powder obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was molded by a biaxial press, the obtained molded product (6 mm X 6 mm X 25 mm) was placed in a vacuum furnace at 600 ° C. The pressure was reduced to 6.7 kPa, Next, the temperature of each compact was raised to 900 ° C at a rate of 60 ° C / min, and the temperature was held for 1 minute at the same temperature for firing.Then, the pressure was increased to atmospheric pressure, and the furnace was cooled to about 600 ° C. And then allowed to cool outside the furnace.
- “after 4 re-firings” refers to the same firing operation (but no depressurization) for the vacuum fired body obtained by the above firing schedule. Means four times. In the following, the one obtained by repeating and firing the vacuum fired body four times is referred to as “four times refired body”.
- FIG. 1 shows a vacuum fired body manufactured using the glass ceramic powder obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 as a raw material.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass-ceramics powder vacuum-fired body of Example 1 reached a maximum almost 2 hours after the start of the heat treatment at 850 ° C. (13.3 X 10— S / ° C), keep the same value for up to 8 hours. If heating is continued further, the thermal expansion coefficient drops sharply after about 12 hours, and the thermal expansion of the glass body before crystallization heat treatment Tension factor 9.3 x 10 " 6 / ° C or less.
- the above firing schedule (firing schedule of actual porcelain) was obtained. It is clear that the amount of recycle crystals (corresponding to the coefficient of thermal expansion) in the porcelain according to the present invention does not substantially change. .
- Mi the coefficient of thermal expansion increases to a desired value within a short period of time, and the time until the high coefficient of thermal expansion is maintained for a long time and turbidity and emulsification starts. Becomes longer.
- FIG. 2 shows each of the glass ceramic fired bodies when the glass ceramic powders obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were vacuum fired based on the same firing schedule as above.
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat treatment time (h) and the integrated intensity (aU) of the X-ray diffraction line.
- curve 5 shows the intensity of the diffraction line (dm) of the resite in the glass ceramic powder fired body of Comparative Example 1
- curve 6 shows the glass ceramic powder of Example 1.
- scan powder sintered body in Li Interview Sai preparative diffraction line shows the intensity of the (d 211), high temperature Na curve 7
- Gala Susera Mi click scan powder sintered body in Comparative example 1 - K Sanidi down crystals shows the intensity of the diffraction line (d 13.) shows
- the increase in the coefficient of thermal expansion in Fig. 1 corresponds to the increase in the amount ofscribede crystals in the glass. That is, when no seed crystal is present (FIG. 2; curve 5), after an induction period of about 1 hour, the precipitation ofusede crystals starts. Against this However, when seed crystals are added (FIG. 2; curve 6), the precipitation ofusede crystals starts immediately without passing through the induction period, and the heat treatment is carried out for a short time of about 2 hours. The amount of crystal precipitation almost reaches saturation (in the corresponding curve 1 in Fig. 1, the coefficient of thermal expansion also reaches almost the maximum value).
- the content of leucite crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 18% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 m or less.
- Example 2 Same as Example 2 except that crystallization heat treatment was performed at 850 ° C for 3 hours Thus, the glass ceramic powder of the present invention was produced.
- the content of leucite crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 17.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 m or less.
- the glass ceramic of the present invention was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 98 parts by weight of the glass raw material (sample: G2) and 2 parts by weight of the Ryu site crystal (sample: L1) were mixed. Powder was manufactured.
- the content ofusede crystals in the obtained glass powder was 18.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 m or less.
- a glass ceramic powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that only 100 parts by weight of glass material (sample: G2) was used.
- the content ofusede crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 1.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 zm or less.
- a glass ceramic powder was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the crystallization heat treatment was performed at 850 ° C for 8 hours.
- the crystal content was 10.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 m or less.
- a glass ceramic powder was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the crystallization heat treatment was performed at 850 ° C for 12 hours.
- the content of leucite crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 17.5% by weight, and the average particle size was as follows.
- the content was 35% by weight, and the average particle size was as follows.
- a glass ceramic powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 5, except that only 100 parts by weight of the glass raw material (sample: G6) was used.
- the content ofusede crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 4% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 / m or less. Met.
- the content ofusede crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 13% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 / m or less.
- the content ofusede crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 22.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 m or less.
- the ceramics of the present invention were prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that a reusable crystal (sample: L2) was used instead of the reusable crystal (sample: L1) described in Table 1. A powder was obtained.
- the crystal content was 23.5% by weight, and the average particle size was 5 / zm or less.
- the content ofottee crystals in the obtained glass ceramic powder was 21.5% by weight, and the average particle size was as follows.
- Each glass ceramic powder (passing through 200 mesh) obtained in Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Examples 2 to 5 was molded in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and then molded in the same manner as in Test Example 1. Based on the firing schedule of the above, a vacuum fired body and a four-time refired body were prepared, and the thermal expansion coefficients of the obtained formed fired bodies were measured. The appearance of the refired product was observed with the naked eye.
- the vacuum-sintered glass ceramics powders of Examples 2 to 9 have a desired coefficient of thermal expansion, and are re-sintered four more times. Also in the body, the coefficient of thermal expansion hardly changed, and the appearance was transparent.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the four-time sintered body was increased to a desired value, but the emulsion was emulsified and not suitable for practical use.
- the vacuum fired body of the glass ceramic powder of Comparative Example 4 already has a desired coefficient of thermal expansion, but the fired four-time body becomes opaque and cannot be practically used again. .
- the vacuum fired body of the glass ceramics powder of Comparative Example 5 did not achieve the desired coefficient of thermal expansion.
- Sample 1 A small amount (about 0.3% by weight) of a coloring agent was added to the porcelain according to Example 9 (Ryusite crystal content: 21.5% by weight).
- Sample 2 Commercial product A: Contains porcelain with 20.2% by weight of leucite crystal content, a small amount of colorant, and a small amount of list barite as a foreign crystal.
- Sample 3 Commercial product B: Reusite crystal content 18.3% by weight of porcelain, a small amount of colorant, and a small amount of high-temperature Na ⁇ K sanidin as a foreign crystal.
- Sample 4 Commercial product C: Ryusite crystal content 18.9% by weight of porcelain, a small amount of colorant, and a small amount of high-temperature NaK sanidin as a foreign crystal.
- Sample 5 Commercial product D: Porcelain containing 7.4% by weight of leucite crystals, containing a small amount of colorant. Bickers hardness
- the sintered layer of the commercially available sample C had a Vickers hardness relatively close to that of natural teeth.
- the sintered layers of the commercially available samples 2, 3 and 5 have a hardness of at least 500, and their hardness is higher than 500. Therefore, dentures made of these porcelains are used in the oral cavity. When used in natural teeth, there is a risk of wearing natural teeth.
- the flexural strength of Sample 1 according to the present invention showed the largest value of 125 MPa in Table 3. From this, the porcelain material according to the present invention was used. When the prepared denture is used in the oral cavity, destruction of the denture due to occlusal pressure is small.
- the concentration of bending stress is high because the average content of the leucite crystal particles is 5 m or less and the leucite crystal particles are uniformly dispersed throughout the porcelain. No bending occurs and high bending strength is exhibited.
- Samples 1 to 5 were subjected to a dissolution test in a 4% acetic acid aqueous solution based on JIST 6516.
- a pre-synthesized Noblee seed crystal is used as a part of the raw material. You can get a mix.
- the glass ceramics according to the present invention it takes a long time until the precipitation of heterosites such as NaK feldspar crystals starts after the amount of precipitation of theerede crystals reaches saturation. . Therefore, during the welding operation to the metal frame, the amount of theerede crystal does not substantially fluctuate, and almost no heterogeneous crystals such as NaK feldspar crystals are precipitated. Therefore, it does not substantially cause clouding.
- the glass ceramics of the present invention can match its thermal expansion coefficient to the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal frame material to which it is applied.
- the glass ceramics of the present invention when used as porcelain for a dental metal ceramic restoration, heat is applied during welding to the metal frame material. Substantially no reduction in expansion coefficient and no emulsification.
- the glass ceramics of the present invention is excellent in transparency and also excellent in the freedom of coloring necessary for accurately reproducing the color tone of natural teeth. Since the glass ceramics of the present invention contains 50% by weight or more of the glass phase, it is excellent in sinterability and defoaming at the time of vacuum sintering proceeds easily. Furthermore, it has excellent paintability with metal frame materials and has high welding strength to frame materials.
- the glass ceramics of the present invention are also excellent in various mechanical properties (bending strength, Vickers hardness, etc.) and (chemical stability, etc.).
- the glass ceramic powder and the sized powder of the present invention can be satisfactorily obtained by heating even when a large amount of an emulsifier, a colored inorganic pigment, a phosphor, etc. are added. Shows softening fluidity. This is due to the fact that glass ceramics contains a large amount of glass phase. Based on this excellent softening fluidity, the color tone of the metal frame is concealed (opaque) and the color tone of natural teeth is reproduced (dentin-dentin, enamel-enamel, merging-ma Thus, the amount of the colored pigment powder added can be adjusted in a wide range so that the repair and the glaze (glazing) can be effectively achieved.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01900262A EP1245548B1 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-01-05 | Method for preparing glass-ceramic |
| US10/169,066 US6797048B2 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-01-05 | Method for preparing glass-ceramic |
| DE60123013T DE60123013T8 (de) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-01-05 | Verfahren zur herstellung von glasskeramiken |
| AU24060/01A AU2406001A (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-01-05 | Method for preparing glass-ceramic |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000/1659 | 2000-01-07 | ||
| JP2000001659A JP4785221B2 (ja) | 2000-01-07 | 2000-01-07 | ガラスセラミックス及びその製造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001049632A1 true WO2001049632A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
Family
ID=18530861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2001/000021 Ceased WO2001049632A1 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-01-05 | Method for preparing glass-ceramic |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6797048B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1245548B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4785221B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2406001A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE60123013T8 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001049632A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7279238B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2007-10-09 | Pentron Ceramics, Inc. | Pressable glass-ceramics with textured microstructure |
| DE10310001A1 (de) | 2003-02-27 | 2004-09-09 | Wieland Dental Ceramics Gmbh | Glaskeramik sowie deren Herstellung und Verwendung |
| DE102006027306B4 (de) | 2006-06-06 | 2013-10-17 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Glaskeramik mit einer Granatphase und Verwendung der danach hergestellten Glaskeramik |
| JP5943537B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-25 | 2016-07-05 | セラムテック ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングCeramTec GmbH | 特に歯科医学的に適用するための着色セラミックス焼結体の製造法 |
| JP5137362B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-12 | 2013-02-06 | イビデン株式会社 | 金属基材と無機材料表面層とからなる構造体 |
| KR101579308B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-25 | 2015-12-21 | 가부시키가이샤 노리타케 캄파니 리미티드 | 세라믹 제품 및 세라믹 부재의 접합 방법 |
| US8158261B2 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2012-04-17 | National Taipei University Technology | Glass-ceramic composite encapsulation material |
| JP6204785B2 (ja) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社松風 | 可視光線硬化型の歯科用硬化性組成物及びその存在識別方法 |
| WO2021101940A1 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-27 | Jensen Industries Inc. | Masking compositions for milled lithium-silicate glass-ceramic dental restorations and method for making same |
| CN112592067A (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-02 | 新乡学院 | 基于金云母籽晶制备翡翠微晶玻璃的方法 |
| CN115504670B (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-01-09 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | 一种高润泽度甜白釉的制备方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5071801A (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1991-12-10 | Uop | High density leucite based ceramics from zeolite |
| JPH1036136A (ja) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Tokuyama Corp | 歯科用セラミックス |
| JPH1094550A (ja) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-04-14 | Noritake Co Ltd | 歯科用オペーク陶材 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS498921A (ja) | 1972-05-29 | 1974-01-26 | ||
| JPS525047A (en) | 1975-07-02 | 1977-01-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Control device of centrifugal thim film dryer |
| JPS5540546A (en) | 1978-09-16 | 1980-03-22 | Hiroshi Miyazaki | Portable stool |
| JPS60112644A (ja) | 1983-11-21 | 1985-06-19 | Oosakashi | 熱膨張係数の可変なガラスセラミックス釉薬 |
| US4604366A (en) * | 1984-03-20 | 1986-08-05 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Leucite porcelain |
| US4798536A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1989-01-17 | American Thermocraft Corp. | High strength feldspathic dental porcelains containing crystalline leucite |
| US4978640A (en) * | 1988-02-24 | 1990-12-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Dispersion strengthened composite |
| WO1995011866A1 (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Chemically derived leucite |
| DE4423793C1 (de) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-02-22 | Ivoclar Ag | Leucithaltige Phosphosilikat-Glaskeramik, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung |
| US5705273A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1998-01-06 | The Ohio State University | Method for strengthening dental restorative materials |
| US5653791A (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 1997-08-05 | Jeneric/Pentron, Incorporated | Two-phase dental forcelain composition |
| US5994246A (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 1999-11-30 | Ohio State University | Low expansion feldspathic porcelain |
| US6133174A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 2000-10-17 | Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated | Machinable leucite-containing porcelain compositions and methods of manufacture |
| NL1017895C2 (nl) * | 2001-04-20 | 2002-10-22 | Elephant Dental Bv | Persbaar glaskeramiek, werkwijze voor de bereiding daarvan, alsmede een werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een dentaalrestauratie onder toepassing van genoemd glaskeramiek. |
-
2000
- 2000-01-07 JP JP2000001659A patent/JP4785221B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-05 WO PCT/JP2001/000021 patent/WO2001049632A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-05 US US10/169,066 patent/US6797048B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-05 DE DE60123013T patent/DE60123013T8/de active Active
- 2001-01-05 AU AU24060/01A patent/AU2406001A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-05 EP EP01900262A patent/EP1245548B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5071801A (en) * | 1990-07-25 | 1991-12-10 | Uop | High density leucite based ceramics from zeolite |
| JPH1036136A (ja) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Tokuyama Corp | 歯科用セラミックス |
| JPH1094550A (ja) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-04-14 | Noritake Co Ltd | 歯科用オペーク陶材 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1245548A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1245548A1 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| JP2001192262A (ja) | 2001-07-17 |
| US6797048B2 (en) | 2004-09-28 |
| DE60123013D1 (de) | 2006-10-26 |
| EP1245548A4 (en) | 2004-12-08 |
| DE60123013T2 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
| DE60123013T8 (de) | 2007-09-20 |
| JP4785221B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
| AU2406001A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
| US20030056692A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| EP1245548B1 (en) | 2006-09-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5944884A (en) | Dental porcelain composition | |
| JP6374808B2 (ja) | ZrO2成分を含有するケイ酸リチウムガラスセラミックおよびガラス | |
| US11440833B2 (en) | Fluorescent glass ceramics and glasses with cerium and tin content | |
| US6306784B1 (en) | Alkali silicate glass | |
| CN103395982B (zh) | 含有钇稳定二氧化锆的牙齿修复体用陶瓷贴面 | |
| CA2466620C (en) | Opalescent glass-ceramic product | |
| KR20150143403A (ko) | 산화세슘 함유 리튬 실리케이트 유리 세라믹 및 리튬 실리케이트 유리 | |
| WO2014170168A1 (de) | Lithiumsilikat-glaskeramik und -glas mit gehalt an rubidiumoxid | |
| EP1189571A1 (en) | Porcelain compositions for low expansion all-porcelain cores and alloys | |
| CN111559870A (zh) | 含有铕的荧光玻璃陶瓷和玻璃 | |
| WO2001049632A1 (en) | Method for preparing glass-ceramic | |
| US6120591A (en) | Low fusing dental porcelains containing fine-grained leucite | |
| JP2000500730A (ja) | 高硬質の透明な雲母−ガラスセラミック | |
| KR20230148339A (ko) | 석영 고용체 상을 갖는 유리 세라믹 | |
| US20100035215A1 (en) | Machinable Porcelain Compositions and Mill Blanks Thereof | |
| JP3860726B2 (ja) | 低温焼結アパタイトガラスセラミック | |
| JP4813801B2 (ja) | ガラスセラミック並びにその製造及び使用 | |
| US20090081104A1 (en) | Control of ceramic microstructure | |
| US6155830A (en) | Dental restorations | |
| JP4421155B2 (ja) | 歯科用ガラス | |
| JP2001316131A (ja) | ガラスセラミックス及びその製造方法 | |
| KR20250042683A (ko) | 세륨 및 주석 함량이 높은 형광 유리 및 유리 세라믹 | |
| JP2001316130A (ja) | ガラスセラミックス及びその製造方法 | |
| HK1189569A (en) | Veneer ceramic for dental restorations comprising yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU CA US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10169066 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001900262 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2001900262 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2001900262 Country of ref document: EP |