WO2002012142A1 - Materiau de construction comprenant un renfort fibreux ou filamentaire - Google Patents
Materiau de construction comprenant un renfort fibreux ou filamentaire Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002012142A1 WO2002012142A1 PCT/FR2001/002585 FR0102585W WO0212142A1 WO 2002012142 A1 WO2002012142 A1 WO 2002012142A1 FR 0102585 W FR0102585 W FR 0102585W WO 0212142 A1 WO0212142 A1 WO 0212142A1
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
- C04B16/0675—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
- C04B16/0675—Macromolecular compounds fibrous from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B16/0691—Polyamides; Polyaramides
Definitions
- Construction material comprising a fibrous or filamentary reinforcement.
- the present invention relates to a building material with a hydraulic binder, comprising a fibrous or filamentary reinforcement. It relates, for example, to fiber cement, the fibers of which are based on polyamide.
- the building and public works industries use many forms of materials with hydraulic binders: mortars, cements, concretes, plasters. These materials can be shaped directly on construction sites or can be shaped beforehand to obtain prefabricated elements, such as tiles or panels. Many materials used in these fields include reinforcing fibers or reinforcing textile surfaces.
- a particularly widespread material is for example fiber reinforced concrete.
- Another material is particularly widespread for the production of prefabricated elements: these are fibro-cements. They consist of a cement matrix in which reinforcing fibers are dispersed.
- the fiber cement elements include one or more assembled layers of this material.
- asbestos fibers As reinforcing fibers of materials with hydraulic binders, asbestos fibers are known. These fibers are however carcinogenic, their use is prohibited in certain countries, and they tend to disappear in any case.
- organic fibers such as polyvinyl alcohol fibers. These fibers, spun in solution, have a high modulus, as well as a favorable interfacial behavior with respect to the hydraulic binder. Their manufacturing cost is however high.
- thermoplastic fibers obtained by melt spinning generally have a lower manufacturing cost than the polyvinyl alcohol fibers. This is particularly the case for polyamide-based fibers.
- the use in construction materials of conventional fibers spun in the molten phase does not however make it possible to achieve satisfactory levels of mechanical properties. These fibers are believed to have too low a modulus and / or poor interfacial behavior with respect to the hydraulic binder.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a new material, comprising a matrix with hydraulic binder and a fibrous or filamentary reinforcement obtained by spinning in the molten phase, the mechanical properties of which are satisfactory, for example close to those obtained using fibers.
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol.
- the invention provides a construction material comprising a matrix based on hydraulic binder, said matrix possibly comprising granular elements, and a fibrous or filamentary reinforcement, characterized in that the fibrous or filamentary reinforcement consists of wires, fibers or filaments obtained by melt-spinning a material obtained by mixing at least the following two compounds: a thermoplastic polymer - a macromolecular compound chosen from dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, polymers with a star or partially star structure.
- the material according to the invention comprises a matrix based on a hydraulic binder, and a fibrous or filamentary reinforcement.
- Such material structures are conventional. We know for example the use of asbestos fibers or polyvinyl alcohol for the production of fiber cement or reinforced concrete. The use of metallic fibers is also known.
- the fibrous reinforcement can be added to the matrix, either directly on site, or before use of the material on a site, during the manufacture of a prefabricated element.
- the matrix is based on a hydraulic binder.
- hydraulic binder is meant a mineral material which hardens in the presence of water, such as cement, plaster.
- cements are preferred. Mention is made in particular of Portiand cement, aluminous cement, slag cement. Mention is also made of gypsum, calcium silicates obtained by autoclaving, binders based on phosphates, sodium silicates, and combinations of these binders.
- the hydraulic binder is mixed with water, possibly with additives and / or granular elements. The amount of water influences the rheology of the product and the solidification of the material. All cement materials can be used.
- sand S.O2, Ti ⁇ 2, AI2O3, Zr ⁇ 2, Cr2 ⁇ 3, talc, mica, kaolin, wollastonite, bentonite, metakaolin, crude dolomite, ore of chromium, limestone, clinker, vermiculite, perlite, gypsum, cellulose, slag.
- They can be synthetic products. They can be crystallized or amorphous compounds obtained for example by grinding and sieving to the desired size. It is also possible to use the smoke of condensed silica, ground silica, fumed silica, fly ash.
- a mixture of mineral fillers preferred according to the invention is a mixture which contains little or no sand-lime sands.
- the fly ash that can be used are generally silicoaluminous ashes from combustion in thermal power plants in particular.
- the particle size of these ashes is usually between 0.5 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the condensed silica smoke, optionally constituting the composition according to the invention generally has a specific surface of between 20 and 30 m 2 / g.
- granular elements whose particle size is less than 0.5 mm. They are preferably used in a proportion of less than 250 parts by weight per 100 part of binder.
- the adjuvants possibly used can be intended to modify the properties of the material or to confer on the material properties allowing it to be integrated into the manufacturing process.
- the hydraulic binder material preferably a cementitious material, can for example comprise organic compounds such as water-soluble or insoluble pulps, flocculants such as polyethylene oxide, aluminum sulphate, polyacrylamide, latexes, rheology agents such as alginates, carboxymethylcellulose.
- the material constituting the matrix advantageously has an elastic modulus less than 15 GPa. This is generally the case for materials not comprising granular elements or comprising granular elements of fine particle size, less than 0.5 mm.
- the reinforcement consists of fibers, threads or filaments based on a synthetic thermoplastic polymer.
- fibrous reinforcement means a reinforcement provided by individual fibers and of limited length.
- filamentary reinforcement is meant a reinforcement provided by monofilaments, multifilament yarns, or fiber yarns, present in the matrix in continuous form.
- a fibrous reinforcement can be added to the matrix by mixing fibers in the mixture of water, hydraulic binder and optionally additives and / or granular elements, before hardening of the material.
- the fibrous reinforcement is added in the form of a nonwoven surface onto which a mixture of water and hydraulic binder is poured, or which is deposited on the mixture of water and hydraulic binder, before hardening.
- a papermaking technique is used to obtain a relatively thin sheet comprising fibers dispersed in the matrix. The latter technique is for example used for the manufacture of prefabricated fiber cement elements.
- a filamentary reinforcement can be added to the matrix in the form of a woven textile article or in the form of continuous threads or filaments brought as such into the material.
- the reinforcement may for example consist of a fabric or a canvas made from monofilament or multifilament yarns, or fiber yarns, preferably open.
- the reinforcement can also consist of continuous threads or filaments. These are advantageously arranged on a layer of uncured hydraulic binder, so as to have a preferential direction.
- the son or filaments can thus be arranged in a substantially regular manner, substantially parallel to each other.
- the continuous threads or filaments are for example placed on the layer of hydraulic binder by unwinding one or more coils or a beam.
- the yarns, fibers and filaments constituting the fibrous or filamentary reinforcement are obtained by spinning in the molten phase of a thermoplastic material.
- the melt spinning of yarns, fibers or filaments is known to those skilled in the art.
- the thermoplastic material consists of at least two mixed compounds:
- a macromolecular compound chosen from dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, polymers with a star or partially star structure chosen from dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, polymers with a star or partially star structure.
- the mixture of the two components is preferably carried out in the molten phase, either by extrusion then granulation during an operation preceding the spinning, or directly during the melting before spinning.
- the thermoplastic polymer is preferably chosen from non-aromatic polyamides, polyesters, PVC, acrylic polymers, polypropylene. Particularly preferred are polymers whose macromolecular chains are capable of forming hydrogen bonds between them, in particular polyamides, such as polyamide 66, polyamide 6, mixtures and copolymers based on these polyamides, and polyesters, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate.
- polyamides such as polyamide 66, polyamide 6, mixtures and copolymers based on these polyamides
- polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate.
- the macromolecular compound is chosen from dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, star or partially star polymers. Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers are often grouped together under the name of dendritic polymers.
- dendrimer is understood to mean a polymer structure having regular, tree-like branches, generally controlled, and which may have symmetry. They are for example produced by tree growth of compounds having a functionality greater than 2, the growth being initiated around a core molecule. Such structures are for example described in DA Tomalia, AM Naylor and WA Goddard III Angewangte Chemie, Int. Ed. Engl. 29, 138-175 (1990).
- hyperbranched polymer is meant a branched polymer structure obtained by polymerization in the presence of compounds having a functionality greater than 2, and the structure of which is not perfectly controlled. They are often random copolymers.
- the hyperbranched polymers can for example be obtained by reaction between, in particular, multifunctional monomers, for example trifunctional, and bifunctional monomers, each of the monomers carrying at least two different reactive polymerization functions.
- Dendritic polymers generally have a substantially globular shape with a size varying from a few nanometers to several tens of nanometers.
- the ramifications of molecular construction have their ends, the functionality of which can be modulated. By definition, the number of ends per macromolecule is greater than 2.
- star polymer is meant a polymer structure obtained by growth of linear macromolecular chains around a multifunctional core monomer, the terminal functions of which are identical.
- partially star polymer is meant a compound comprising a mixture of star macromolecular chains and linear macromolecular chains.
- aromatic polyamide dendrimers for example described in patent applications WO 95/06080 and WO 95/06081; polyamidoamine dendrimers terminated by amino functions; polyethyleneimine dendrimers terminated by amino functions, polypropyleneimine dendrimers terminated by amino functions, polyamine dendrimers.
- polypropylene imines with carboxylic functional groups for example the compounds marketed by the company DSM under the name ASTRAMOL TM, polyamidoamines with carboxylic ends, for example the compounds marketed by the company Dendritech under the name STARBURST, polyesters hyperbranched functionalized, for example by succinic anhydride, of the type of those sold by the company Perstorp under the name Boltorn.
- ASTRAMOL TM polypropylene imines with carboxylic functional groups
- polyamidoamines with carboxylic ends for example the compounds marketed by the company Dendritech under the name STARBURST
- polyesters hyperbranched functionalized for example by succinic anhydride, of the type of those sold by the company Perstorp under the name Boltorn.
- the macromolecular compounds used for the implementation of the invention contain a greater amount of terminal functions than linear polymers. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, we think that the functions terminals have a significant effect on the modification of the fibers or filaments yarns constituting the fibrous or filamentary reinforcement and their behavior with respect to the matrix.
- the macromolecular compound advantageously has terminal functions capable of forming hydrogen bonds. These are, for example, carboxylic acid, amino, alcohol, ester, amide functions.
- the terminal functions capable of forming hydrogen bonds are present at the end of the process for synthesizing the compound. This is for example the case when one of the monomers carries such a function or a precursor of such a function.
- the terminal functions capable of forming hydrogen bonds are obtained by post-functionalization of a macromolecular compound not carrying said terminal functions. This involves, for example, reacting a functionalizing agent having the desired function, which will become a terminal function, on a macromolecular compound having a structure as described above.
- macromolecular compounds used depending on the thermoplastic polymer, and its spinning temperature.
- macromolecular compounds having high thermal stability are preferred. This is particularly the case for aromatic dendrimers, and hyperbranched copolyamides described below.
- the macromolecular compounds preferred for implementing the invention are hyperbranched copolyesters and hyperbranched copolyamides. More particularly, the preferred copolyamides are hyperbranched copolyamides which are not completely aromatic. Such compounds are described in the patent application filed in France on May 5, 1999 under the number 99/05885. They are for example obtained by reaction between:
- AR-Bf in which A is a reactive polymerization function of a first type, B is a reactive polymerization function of a second type and capable of reacting with A, R is a hydrocarbon entity optionally comprising heteroatoms, and f is the total number of reactive functions B per monomer: f> 2, preferably 2 ⁇ f ⁇ 10;
- the hyperbranched copolyamide is characterized in that:
- a ' is a reactive function of the amino type, amine salt or of the acid, ester, acid halide or amide type;
- B is a reactive function of the acid, ester, acid halide or amide type or of the amino type, amine salt.
- the reactive polymerization functions A, B, A ', B "more especially retained are those belonging to the group comprising the carboxylic and amino functions.
- carboxylic function is meant any COOH acid, ester or anhydride function.
- A, A 'corresponds to an amine or to an amine salt then B, B' represents an acid, an ester, an acid halide or an amide and vice versa.
- the hyperbranched polymer can consist of a mixture of several different monomers (I) and of several monomers
- the “core” type monomers optionally included in the copolyamide and / or hyperbranched ester according to the invention can be those of formula (III) below:
- R 1 (B ") n in which: ° R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, of the silicone, linear or branched alkyl, aromatic, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or cycloaliphatic type, which can comprise unsaturations and / or heteroatoms; ° B "is a reactive function of the same kind as B or B"; ° n> 1, preferably 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 100.
- the monomers of the "chain limiter" type possibly included in the hyperbranched copolyamide according to the invention can those of formula (IV):
- R 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radical, of the silicone, linear or branched alkyl, aromatic, arylalkyl, alkylaryl or cycloaliphatic radical which may comprise one or more unsaturations and / or one or more heteroatoms.
- at least a part of the bifunctional monomers (II) is in the form of a prepolymer.
- the radicals R 1 and R 2 can advantageously comprise functionalities which confer particular properties on the hyperbranched polymer. These functionalities do not react with the functions A, B, A ", B" during the polymerization of the PAHB.
- the hyperbranched polymer can comprise monofunctional monomers (IV) "chain limiter", located at the periphery of the dendrimers according to the invention.
- the bifunctional monomers (II) are spacers in the three-dimensional structure. They allow a control of the branch density and are in particular at the origin of the interesting properties of the hyperbranched polymers according to the invention.
- the monomers (III) and (IV) make it possible to control the molecular weight.
- the monomer (I) is for example chosen from the group comprising:
- the bifunctional monomer of formula (II) is: - ⁇ -caprolactam and / or the amino acid corresponding to aminocaproic acid, and / or para or metaaminobenzoic acid, and / or amino acid -11-undecanoic acid, and / or lauryllactam and / or the corresponding amino acid: amino-12-dodecanoic acid.
- the bifunctional monomers of formula (II) can be the monomers used for the manufacture of linear thermoplastic polyamides.
- ⁇ -aminoalkanoic compounds comprising a hydrocarbon chain having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or lactams derived from these amino acids such as ⁇ -caprolactam.
- the preferred bifunctional monomer (II) of the invention is P ⁇ -caprolactam.
- aromatic or aliphatic triamines or triacids aromatic or aliphatic triamines or triacids.
- the monomers (III), "heart” preferred are: hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid, JEFFAMINE ® T403 or 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid.
- the molar ratio of the monomers (IV) to the bifunctional monomers (I) is defined as follows:
- the hyperbranched copolyamide can be in the form of particles each consisting of one or more tree structures.
- Another interesting characteristic of such a copolyamide is the fact that it can be functionalized: 0 at the focal point of the tree structure (s), by means of monomers (III) carrying the functionality or functionalities considered ,
- the hyperbranched copolyamides can be obtained by a process characterized in that it consists essentially in carrying out a polycondensation between monomers (I) and monomers (II) which react with each other and optionally with monomers (III) and / or (IV); and this under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions.
- This polymerization takes place in the melt phase, in the solvent phase or in the solid phase, preferably in the melt or solvent phase; the monomer (II) advantageously playing the role of solvent.
- the process for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers according to the invention can use at least one polycondensation catalyst.
- the polycondensation polymerization is carried out, for example, under conditions and according to a procedure equivalent to those used for the manufacture of the linear polyamide corresponding to the monomers (II).
- the proportion by weight of macromolecular compound in the mixture is preferably between 0.1 and 50%.
- the optimal proportion of compound generally depends on its nature and on the nature of the matrix.
- the material according to the invention can be obtained by several methods known to those skilled in the art in the fields of building and public works or in the field of manufacturing prefabricated building elements.
- the material can for example be obtained by mixing the solid constituents and water, shaping (molding, casting, injection, pumping, projection, extrusion, calendering) then hardening.
- a composition is generally prepared comprising the hydraulic binder, the fibers according to the invention constituting the reinforcement, and where appropriate adjuvants and / or granular elements.
- This composition is then mixed with water.
- the material is a fiber cement, that is to say a material whose hydraulic binder is a cement, and whose fibrous reinforcement consists of fibers, dispersed in the matrix by a papermaking route.
- this technique consists in carrying out a suspension of fibers in a mixture of water and cement with optionally granular elements and / or adjuvants, in sucking the water so as to obtain a sheet of a material comprising uncured cement and fibers, the fibers imparting some cohesion to the sheet, and then hardening the material.
- Such materials can in particular be obtained by Hatschek type devices, commonly used for the manufacture of prefabricated building elements.
- Hatschek-type devices include at least one applicator roller and a conveyor belt. The roller is in contact with the conveyor belt, and part of the roller is soaked in a tank comprising a mixture of water, fibers and cement, the water being in excess. The fibers are suspended in the mixture.
- the roller is intended to entrain the mixture, depleted of water, of the reservoir on the conveyor belt.
- the device comprises means for sucking water through the roller by suction.
- the water-bound material in which the fibers are dispersed, depleted in water is entrained on the suction roller, and deposited on the conveyor belt at the level where the roller and the conveyor belt are in contact. There is thus deposited on the conveyor belt a layer of an uncured material which is called reinforced cement sheet.
- the proportion by weight of water in the reinforced cement sheet is for example of the order of 30%. Hatschek type devices are known to those skilled in the art. They are for example described in the patent AT 5970, the patent FR 2387920, the patent US 4428775.
- the mixture containing water, cement, fibers, optionally adjuvants and / or granular elements advantageously contains a compound intended to modify the rheology and the drainage of the mixture, making it possible in particular to avoid that the binder is entrained with the water sucked inside the roller.
- Compositions which may be suitable are described for example in patent FR 2476534 and in patent FR 2448516. Mention is made, for example, of water-soluble and / or emulsifiable polymers to which metal compounds are added.
- the water-soluble or water-emulsifiable polymers can be alginates, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polysaccarides, polypeptides.
- water-soluble acrylamide polymers with a wide range of molecular weights and saponification indices. It is also possible to use acrylate emulsions. In order to ensure good flocculation capacity of aqueous acrylic emulsions, it is preferable that these emulsions effectively flocculate inside a basic dispersion of cement, for example by using anionic emulsifier systems which are incompatible with calcium ions.
- the metal compounds are preferably sulfates metallic such as aluminum sulfate or iron sulfate. These compounds can be chosen from cellulose pulp, water-soluble or water-emulsifying polymers such as poly acrylates, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene oxides.
- the cementitious material can also include a sulfate or divalent metal ion hydroxide, such as iron sulfate II, or aluminum sulfate.
- a sulfate or divalent metal ion hydroxide such as iron sulfate II, or aluminum sulfate.
- cellulose fibers and in particular cellulose fibers previously treated by immersion in a solution containing a compound chosen from metal sulphates and / or hydroxides, such as iron sulphate , calcium hydroxide or by spraying the fiber with these solutions.
- a treatment consists for example of precipitating aluminum hydroxide and calcium sulphate on cellulose fibers, by treating the latter with an aqueous solution of aluminum sulphate and subsequent addition of hydroxide calcium.
- the reinforcing fibers dispersed in the mixture preferably have a length of between 1 and 50 mm. They have a titer advantageously between 0.5 and 100 dtex.
- the reinforced cementitious sheet is preferably relatively thin, of thickness for example between 0.1 and 100 mm, preferably between 1 and 10 mm. It is placed on the conveyor belt. At this stage of the process the sheet is relatively flexible, the cement not having been fully cured. It is completely hardened later. The reinforced cement sheet is produced continuously on the conveyor belt. It subsequently undergoes cutting operations, possibly assembly, and hardening.
- the conveyor belt is continuously moved, for example using drive rollers.
- the various elements which will constitute the reinforced sheet are deposited on it, simultaneously or successively, at different points.
- the reinforced cementitious sheet is removed from the conveyor belt. It is for example driven around a roller.
- the cementitious sheet obtained is transformed and handled during a later phase in order to obtain a finished product.
- the sheet can for example be recovered from the conveyor belt, cut and consolidated, for example by compression, then hardened by thermal cure or maturation. A single-layer article is then obtained.
- the sheet can be turned around a roll, before final hardening, in order to obtain an assembly of several thicknesses, for example between 2 and 10.
- the sheet is cut at the level of the roll over all of the thicknesses, and a non-fully cured product comprising several layers is recovered.
- This product is then hardened, for example by compression, curing or maturation.
- the product Before or during the final hardening, the product can be given a particular shape or surface texturing, by pressing on a support of suitable shape. One can thus for example obtain wavy shapes.
- the articles obtained can be cut to the dimensions of the finished article before or after the final hardening.
- the invention also relates to prefabricated building elements of the fibro-cement type, capable of being obtained by the method described above. Mention is made in particular of tiles, panels, tanks.
- the materials and the prefabricated elements according to the invention have excellent mechanical properties. These properties are better than those obtained using conventional fibers spun in the molten phase and in some cases substantially equivalent to those obtained using fibers spun in solution, of high modulus, such as PVA.
- the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure and under a slight nitrogen sweep in a 1 I autoclave commonly used for the synthesis in the melt phase of polyesters or polyamides.
- the monomers are fully charged at the start of the test.
- 322.5 g of 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (2.12 mol), 239.9 g of O-caprolactam (2.12 mol), 37.3 g of Jeffamine® T 403 are successively introduced into the reactor. (0.085 mole), 4 g of 5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl sulfide (Ultranox® 236) and 1.1 ml of a 50% aqueous solution (w / w) of hypophosphorous acid.
- the reactor is purged by a succession of 4 sequences of evacuation and restoration of atmospheric pressure using dry nitrogen.
- the reaction mass is gradually heated from 20 to 200 ° C in 100 min., Then from 200 to 230 ° C in 60 min, and finally level at 230 ° C for 180 min.
- the stirring is started with a speed of rotation of 50 revolutions per minute. Distillation begins at a temperature of 215 ° C.
- the stirring is stopped and the reactor is placed under nitrogen overpressure.
- the bottom valve is gradually opened and the polymer is poured into a stainless steel bucket filled with water.
- the polymer is then dried under the vacuum of a vane pump for 16 hours. It is then reduced to powder using a paddle crusher and a grid in the presence of dry ice.
- Example 2 production of fibers comprising the copolyamide according to Example 1.
- Granules of a composition including in a polyamide matrix are prepared
- the spinning is followed by drawing with recovery of the wire on a Dienes drawing bench, at the speed of 450 m / min, up to a final titer of approximately 44f13dtex.
- the strands thus obtained are then cut to obtain fibers with a length of approximately 6 mm.
- Example 3 production of polyamide fibers without additive
- Fibers are produced according to a process identical to that described for Example 2, without adding the hyperbranched copolyamide.
- a fiber cement type material is produced. This is obtained using the following raw materials:
- - cement Portiand cement 52.5: HTS provided by LAFARGE.
- silica smoke smoke from the ferro-silicon industry: 940 U supplied by the company ELKEM.
- - cellulose short fiber grade SG 15-16 supplied by the company Rhodia Acetow, Brazil.
- the tests are carried out with a base matrix to which various types of reinforcing fibers are added.
- the composition of the matrix is as follows:
- Reinforcement fibers are incorporated at variable rates (1% to 5%).
- the cellulose is pulped with part of the water, and the reinforcing fibers are incorporated into this pulp.
- the fibers, reinforcing fibers and cellulose fibers are then mixed with the rest of the water for at least 10 minutes using a propeller mixer (2000 rpm): The other products are then incorporated, in only once. The mixture is homogenized for 5 minutes (approximately 2000 rpm).
- a cake with a water / cement ratio of the order of 0.5 is thus obtained.
- Vacuum filtration can be used to speed up the process.
- the cake obtained can be cut with a cutting tool or compressed directly, in order to produce test tubes of dimensions 30x120 mm (approx. 50 g of dough).
- the test pieces are carefully placed in metal molds of the same size (30x120), then compressed for 5 minutes at a pressure of 4 tonnes, then 5 minutes at a pressure of 8 tonnes.
- the test pieces are carefully removed from the mold and conditioned for at least 12 hours (24 hours) at 20 ° C in a sealed bag (saturated humidity). Then the test tubes undergo a thermal cure between 60 and 90 ° C at 95% humidity for 24 to 48 hours.
- a fibro-cement is produced according to the method described above, comprising 2% by weight relative to the total of the dry products, of reinforcing fibers according to example 2, of 3.4 dtex, 6 mm in length .
- the properties of fiber cement are presented in Table II.
- a fiber cement is produced according to the method described above, comprising 2% by weight relative to the total of the dry products, of reinforcing fibers according to example 3, with a title of 3.1 dtex, with a length of 6 mm .
- the properties of fiber cement are presented in Table II.
- Example 6 A fiber cement is produced according to the same method as that described above, with 2% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol fibers, the characteristics of which are as follows:
- FIG. 1 represents the stress-strain curves obtained for the different compositions corresponding to examples 4, 5, 6.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01963082A EP1309521A1 (fr) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Materiau de construction comprenant un renfort fibreux ou filamentaire |
| AU2001284127A AU2001284127A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Building material comprising a fibrous or filament reinforcement |
| BR0113117-6A BR0113117A (pt) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Material de construção e elemento de construção prefabricado |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR00/10487 | 2000-08-09 | ||
| FR0010487A FR2812868B1 (fr) | 2000-08-09 | 2000-08-09 | Materiau de construction comprenant un renfort fibreux ou filamentaire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002012142A1 true WO2002012142A1 (fr) | 2002-02-14 |
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ID=8853436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2001/002585 Ceased WO2002012142A1 (fr) | 2000-08-09 | 2001-08-09 | Materiau de construction comprenant un renfort fibreux ou filamentaire |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030176593A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1309521A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1450980A (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2001284127A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0113117A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2812868B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW534897B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2002012142A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003024882A3 (fr) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-11-06 | Rhodianyl | Materiau comprenant une matrice inorganique telle que ciment, mortier, platre ou beton, renforcee par des microfibres |
| FR2842190A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-16 | Rhodia Performance Fibres | Materiaux composites renforces comprenant un liant hydraulique ou chimique,des fibres de polyamide ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs additifs pour comportement mecanique ameliore |
| CN103332894A (zh) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-10-02 | 镇江崟鑫新型建材科技有限公司 | 高韧性建筑材料 |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2766197B1 (fr) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-09-03 | Nyltech Italia | Copolyamide thermoplastique, composition a base de ce copolyamide thermoplastique |
| US7914884B2 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2011-03-29 | Milliken & Company | Fabric reinforced cement |
| US6960394B2 (en) * | 2004-02-25 | 2005-11-01 | Milliken & Company | Fabric reinforced cement |
| US8094927B2 (en) | 2004-02-27 | 2012-01-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Stereoscopic display system with flexible rendering of disparity map according to the stereoscopic fusing capability of the observer |
| JP6023736B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-11-09 | 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 | Vリブドベルト |
| ES2843536T3 (es) * | 2017-01-13 | 2021-07-19 | Akzenta Paneele Profile Gmbh | Panel de pared o de suelo con superficie estructurada y decorada, a base de placa de fibrocemento |
| WO2019089968A2 (fr) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-09 | Invista Textiles (U.K.) Limited | Béton renforcé par des fibres hydrophiles |
| NL2024807B1 (en) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-09-13 | Champion Link Int Corp | Floor panel and method of manufacturing of a floor panel |
| BR102020016777A2 (pt) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-10-05 | Suzano Sa | Método com alta capacidade de retenção de sólidos para produção de fibrocimento, uso e processo produtivo com alta capacidade de retenção de sólidos e artigo de fibrocimento |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2053185A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1981-02-04 | Inventa Ag | Preparing fibre-reinforced binders |
| WO1995006081A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-03-02 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Polymeres fractals et copolymeres greffes formes a partir desdits polymeres |
| US5589265A (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1996-12-31 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Aromatic polyamide staple fiber bundles of improved dispersibility in viscous matrices and production of fiber-reinforced composites |
| WO2000068298A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-05 | 2000-11-16 | Rhodianyl | Copolyamide hyperbranche, composition a base de ce copolyamide hyperbranche et procede d'obtention de ce dernier |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT5970B (de) | 1900-03-30 | 1901-11-25 | Ludwig Hatschek | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kunststeinplatten aus Faserstoffen und hydraulischen Bindemitteln. |
| AT355486B (de) | 1977-04-20 | 1980-03-10 | Eternit Werke Hatschek L | Mischung, insbesondere baustoffmischung, zum herstellen von formkoerpern |
| FI67072C (fi) | 1979-02-09 | 1985-01-10 | Amiantus Ag | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av fiberfoerstaerkt hydrauliskt bindande material |
| CH645605A5 (de) | 1980-02-22 | 1984-10-15 | Ametex Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung einer faserverstaerkten, hydraulisch abbindenden zusammensetzung, die nach diesem verfahren hergestellte zusammensetzung und verwendung derselben. |
| US4428775A (en) | 1981-02-11 | 1984-01-31 | National Gypsum Company | Reinforced cement sheet product containing no asbestos for fabricating on hatschek machine |
| US4414030A (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1983-11-08 | Restrepo Jose M | Fiber-reinforced cement, and process |
| US4772328A (en) * | 1986-12-18 | 1988-09-20 | Basf Corporation | Hydraulic cementitious compositions reinforced with fibers containing polyacrylonitrile |
| JP2633763B2 (ja) * | 1991-10-01 | 1997-07-23 | 大和紡績株式会社 | セメント補強用ポリプロピレン繊維 |
| US5480944A (en) | 1993-08-23 | 1996-01-02 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Interpenetrating blends of linear polymers and compatible fractal polymers |
-
2000
- 2000-08-09 FR FR0010487A patent/FR2812868B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-08-09 TW TW090119487A patent/TW534897B/zh active
- 2001-08-09 US US10/344,026 patent/US20030176593A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-09 WO PCT/FR2001/002585 patent/WO2002012142A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-08-09 BR BR0113117-6A patent/BR0113117A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-08-09 EP EP01963082A patent/EP1309521A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-09 AU AU2001284127A patent/AU2001284127A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-09 CN CN01815075A patent/CN1450980A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2053185A (en) * | 1979-05-25 | 1981-02-04 | Inventa Ag | Preparing fibre-reinforced binders |
| WO1995006081A1 (fr) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-03-02 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Polymeres fractals et copolymeres greffes formes a partir desdits polymeres |
| US5589265A (en) * | 1994-01-18 | 1996-12-31 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Aromatic polyamide staple fiber bundles of improved dispersibility in viscous matrices and production of fiber-reinforced composites |
| WO2000068298A1 (fr) * | 1999-05-05 | 2000-11-16 | Rhodianyl | Copolyamide hyperbranche, composition a base de ce copolyamide hyperbranche et procede d'obtention de ce dernier |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003024882A3 (fr) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-11-06 | Rhodianyl | Materiau comprenant une matrice inorganique telle que ciment, mortier, platre ou beton, renforcee par des microfibres |
| FR2842190A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-16 | Rhodia Performance Fibres | Materiaux composites renforces comprenant un liant hydraulique ou chimique,des fibres de polyamide ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs additifs pour comportement mecanique ameliore |
| WO2004007389A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-22 | Rhodia Performances Fibres | Materiaux composites renforces comprenant un liant hydraulique ou chimique, des fibres de polyamide ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs additifs pour comportement mecanique ameliore |
| CN103332894A (zh) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-10-02 | 镇江崟鑫新型建材科技有限公司 | 高韧性建筑材料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR0113117A (pt) | 2004-07-20 |
| FR2812868A1 (fr) | 2002-02-15 |
| US20030176593A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
| EP1309521A1 (fr) | 2003-05-14 |
| FR2812868B1 (fr) | 2003-03-07 |
| AU2001284127A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
| CN1450980A (zh) | 2003-10-22 |
| TW534897B (en) | 2003-06-01 |
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