WO2002017547A2 - Affichage en mosaiques a projecteurs multiples, a tres haute resolution, et a tres grande echelle presentant des caracteristiques uniformes en terme d'intensite, de temperature de couleur et d'equilibre des couleurs via l'utilisation d'une seule source lumineuse pour chaque couleur; intensite et gestion spectrale dans toute - Google Patents

Affichage en mosaiques a projecteurs multiples, a tres haute resolution, et a tres grande echelle presentant des caracteristiques uniformes en terme d'intensite, de temperature de couleur et d'equilibre des couleurs via l'utilisation d'une seule source lumineuse pour chaque couleur; intensite et gestion spectrale dans toute Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002017547A2
WO2002017547A2 PCT/US2001/026667 US0126667W WO0217547A2 WO 2002017547 A2 WO2002017547 A2 WO 2002017547A2 US 0126667 W US0126667 W US 0126667W WO 0217547 A2 WO0217547 A2 WO 0217547A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
display
projectors
projector
image
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WO2002017547A3 (fr
Inventor
Nicole Bordes
Steven Reinsch
William Bleha
John Moreland
Bernard Pailthorpe
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University of California Berkeley
University of California San Diego UCSD
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University of California Berkeley
University of California San Diego UCSD
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Priority to AU2001288427A priority Critical patent/AU2001288427A1/en
Publication of WO2002017547A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002017547A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2002017547A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002017547A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
    • H04N9/3147—Multi-projection systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers

Definitions

  • the present invention generally concerns computer-driven multiple-projector tiled displays.
  • the present invention particularly concerns large-scale and very-large-scale multiple-projector computer-driven tiled displays where the image tiles arise from multiple projectors using reflective-mode active matrix liquid crystals, commonly referred to in the industry as "LCOS (liquid crystal on single crystal silicon) displays” .
  • LCOS liquid crystal on single crystal silicon
  • the present invention still more particularly concerns both (i) the origin, and (ii) the management, of colored light beams that are both used by, and, in combined form, projected from, multiple projectors, all to the end that the image tiles of a displayed composite image should be devoid of visually perceptible and objectionable artifacts.
  • the present invention still further concerns the use of fresnel lens in the optical paths of a multi-projector tiled display.
  • Computer and network technologies have enjoyed a rapid expansion for the last few decades.
  • Computer chip speeds and network and data archive capacities have advanced geometrically, with an aggregate improvement of roughly 10 s over the past twenty- five 25 years.
  • computer display technology has improved more gradually until recently (i.e., until a few years before present year 2001) .
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display
  • resolution of a computer display is to "tile" several image projectors, yielding a larger composite image. Examples include the so-called PowerWalls and “Visionariums” capable of 3 - 12
  • Multi-projector display systems of existing construction require laborious and repeated balancing of illumination, color temperature and color balance between projectors, and between the image tiles produced by the projectors. Limitations in the accuracy, and the maintainability, of these adjustments degrades the overall image uniformity and quality, as is especially visible at the borders between the tiles.
  • the overall fidelity of a computer-generated large-scale tiled image currently (circa 2001) lags the fidelity of, by way of example, a motion picture film as might be projected in a theater.
  • the present invention will be seen to address, and to solve, issues of variation in illumination and color uniformity within and between the multiple tiles of a computer-generated tiled large- scale (and very-large-scale) display. Nonetheless to dramatic improvements in the uniformity of illumination, color temperature and color balance, display systems in accordance with the present invention retain the desktop/workbench size (fitting in a normal room) of, and are not appreciably more costly than, the more advanced predecessor systems .
  • the present invention will be seen to use a number of high-resolution large screen projection computer displays tiled so as to produce in combination a very large display.
  • the displays are preferably reflective-mode active matrix liquid crystal displays -- commonly referred to as LCOS (liquid crystal on single crystal silicon) in the industry -- and are more preferably D-ILATM LCOS displays from JVC (D-ILA is the trademark of JVC for its proprietary reflective-mode active matrix liquid crystal display technology) .
  • D-ILA is the trademark of JVC for its proprietary reflective-mode active matrix liquid crystal display technology
  • Such D-ILA projectors are commercially available in year 2001 from JVC; for example as JVC G15 and M4000 Models.
  • D-ILA this technology is explained hereafter as drawn from the paper "D-ILA Projector Technology; The Path to High Resolution Projection Displays" written by W. P. Bleha of JVC.
  • D-ILA Projector Technology The Path to High Resolution Projection Displays
  • displays using this technology each have a single light source, for example a xenon arc lamp, as, indeed, do other display technologies suitable for use with the present invention.
  • the D-ILA technology of JVC is used in high-resolution large screen projection displays as, according to JVC, promise to revolutionize the high-resolution projection display market both in virtual personal displays and in personal and group projection displays. This prediction is asserted to be based on at least five inherent advantages of LCOS display design and manufacture over competing technologies .
  • the unique high performance and small dimensions of single crystal silicon back plane circuitry allows a high level of integration of driver and processing circuitry. This is coupled with the high electro-optic efficiency and reliability of liquid crystal materials.
  • LC technology in contrast to micromirror technology, offers adaptability and scalability in pixel size and aspect ratio can be readily adjusted to meet optical system requirements.
  • designs have been fabricated that change pixel size and shape on a single device over the area of the device to correct for optical system aberrations.
  • high performance reflective-mode displays fill the display surface with closely spaced pixel elements, thus minimizing the pixel border "screen door” look of transmissive LCD displays.
  • the close spacing of the pixels and the ability to block light from the circuitry also permits high luminous output, sufficient to cover a gamut of applications .
  • thermal stability of the silicon back plane can be controlled across the entire aperture for stability and reliability in operation. Ultra-bright systems are possible.
  • the JVC D-ILA device, or display modulator typically has a display aperture of only 0.9 inches.
  • This technology called the "Direct Drive Image Light Amplifier", is a reflective liquid-crystal design where electronic signals are directly addressed to the device.
  • the light valves use active matrix addressing of the liquid crystal to achieve the spatial modulation.
  • the active matrix consists of (i) an array of electrical switches in the form of MOS transistors, and (ii) . addressing electronics.
  • the sources and drains of the transistors are connected to the columns and pixel electrodes .
  • the gates of the transistors are connected to the row electrode.
  • the electrical image signal is sampled successively into a sample-and-hold circuit (S/H) in the columns. Eight contiguous columns are sampled by one S/H register.
  • S/H sample-and-hold circuit
  • Eight contiguous columns are sampled by one S/H register.
  • a row electrode is enabled, opening the channels of all the transistors on this selected row.
  • the charges on the S/Hs are transferred to the capacitance of the corresponding pixel.
  • the gate pulse is then removed, isolating the charge.
  • the process is repeated for successive rows .
  • the image information is updated at the vertical refresh rate.
  • the gray scale is determined by the value of voltage set on each pixel. This reduces the data rates required to address the multi-gray levels sequentially as in the case of bi-stable devices such as the DMD, and thus reduces the required data rates and thus driver complexity.
  • the JVC D-ILA X-Y matrix of pixels is configured on a C-MOS substrate using the planar process standard in IC technology. Each pixel is covered, except for a small border, with an aluminum reflective pixel electrode. The driving transistor is connected to this reflective pixel electrode. The homeotropic (vertically aligned) liquid crystal is sandwiched between the reflective pixel electrode and continuous transparent ITO electrode. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer is ⁇ 3 micrometers. The liquid crystal material has a negative dielectric constant necessary for homeotropic alignment and low viscosity for video-rate response. The voltage applied to the selected pixel of the matrix makes the liquid crystal above the pixel change birefringence and thus modify the polarization state of the projection light in the D-ILA.
  • Ordinary transmissive active matrix LCD panels block projection light because of driving ' transistors, gate lines and signal lines that reside in the light path. The blocked light is converted to heat, thus raising the temperature of the device.
  • a typical display area of the JVC D-ILA device is 0.907" diagonal with a 1365 (H) x 1024 (V) pixel array.
  • the JVC D-ILA device can reproduce true SXGA images on a large screen with high brightness, high contrast and fast response time.
  • a lightly doped drain structure is used in each pixel MOS transistor to improve the break down voltage. In operation the voltage applied to the liquid crystal at maximum transmission is 3.6 V.
  • the 1365 x 1024 pixel electrodes of the array are 13.0 x 13.0 micrometers each in size, separated by 0.5 micrometers .
  • the D-ILA device can be driven with high speed image signals resulting from the high carrier mobility of the crystalline silicon.
  • the reflectivity and light blocking structure of the silicon chip substrate are important factors in achieving a projected image of 4000 lumens.
  • the pixel electrodes of the D-ILA device have a 93% aperture ratio, and have high intrinsic reflectivity.
  • the insulating layers formed between each metal layer are made flat and smooth by chemo-mechanical polishing techniques.
  • the final aluminum pixel mirror approaches a reflectivity of 91%.
  • the light blocking layer is formed under the mirror electrode in order to prevent light leakage to the transistor located on the first metal layer in the silicon chip. Light leakage would activate the transistor.
  • Each metal layer also has anti-reflective layers on both sides.
  • a light-induced voltage drop in the pixel electrode could cause decreased projection light output due to decreasing liquid crystal modulation.
  • JVC reports that no voltage drop was observed with over 4000 lumens light output in the projection system. JVC claims that it is possible to produce individual projectors with greater than 10,000 lumens using D-ILA devices.
  • This high device contrast ratio is ultimately limited by the optical system of the projector, in particular the polarizing beam splitters.
  • the use of a quarter wave plate "super contrast mode" can be used to eliminate a geometric cause of contrast ratio degradation in the polarizing beam splitters. This is discussed in the previous D-ILA projector technology section. D-ILA devices hare reported by JVC to have achieved greater than 1000:1 sequential contrast ratio in an optimized optical system using the super contrast mode.
  • the D-ILA device has a true video-rate response time (the rise time plus fall time equals less than 16 milliseconds) .
  • the response time of liquid crystal layers is strongly related to the layer thickness. Reflective mode permits a thinner liquid crystal cell gap compared to transmissive mode LCD's because in this mode the light passes through the liquid crystal twice-effectively doubling the modulation.
  • the pre-tilt angle of liquid crystal is a determining factor for response time. The pre-tilt angle is set at a high enough value to avoid potential liquid crystal artifacts that can occur at very low tilt angles while maintaining video-rate response.
  • the thermal stability of the device is good. How the voltage versus transmission curve changes with various temperatures of T over a wide range of temperatures is a measure of how the light transmitted by the liquid crystal varies as a function of voltage driving each pixel. There is almost no change in the front slope of the V-T curves with temperature. This thermal stability of the device is required in high brightness projection systems so that ambient temperature variations do not change the image characteristics .
  • the D-ILA device has achieved true SXGA resolution, high brightness projection capability of 4000 lumens, a video-rate response time and a high 1000:1 (non-system) sequential contrast ratio.
  • the driving IC controls the voltage across the liquid crystal layer between reflective pixel electrode and transparent electrode based on image signal level. This signal level determines the intermediate levels, or gray scale, of the image.
  • Polarized light from the light source Xenon lamp
  • passes through the activated liquid crystal and is reflected by reflective pixel electrode for each selected pixel.
  • the liquid crystal molecules change birefringence according to the signal voltage, changing the polarization direction of the illumination light .
  • the optical system for a single device is the same as for RGB D-ILAs is the same.
  • the light from the arc lamp is separated into two linear polarization states before it reaches the D-ILA. One state is reflected in the PBS and reaches the D-ILA device.
  • a polarization combiner is used before the PBS to partially convert the second state into the first and increase the efficiency of the illumination by -50%. Then the polarized light is reflected by pixel electrode and modulated by the liquid crystal again. For pixels that have image information (highlight and gray level) , the polarized light is rotated through 90 ° for highlight and partially rotated for gray level. The rotated light is transmitted through the PBS to the projection lens to be finally imaged on the projection screen. For the pixels that have no image information (black) , the polarized light remains unchanged after leaving the D-ILA and then reflected back to the lamp by the PBS.
  • the G Series D-ILA projectors from JVC have 3 devices for R (Red) , G (Green), and B (Blue). Each device has its own PBS.
  • the modulated output projection light from the 3 D-ILAs is combined by a crossed dichroic prism, which transmits the full color image to the projection lens for imaging on the projection screen.
  • the SD-ILA incorporates for the first time in a projection display a RGB color separating holographic filter that efficiently focuses the RGB components of full white spectrum of the projection light source on the RGB sub-pixels of each pixel.
  • Previous single panel transmissive mode AMLCD projectors have used standard absorptive color dye filters where over 2/3 of the white light transmitted through each sub-pixel is absorbed to create the correct color of each sub-pixel. This inefficiency severely limits the advantages of the single panel configuration.
  • the SD-ILA uses the same CMOS single crystal silicon reflective AMLCD technology as the D-ILA, including the homeotropic LC alignment . Thus a compact high resolution modulator with high performance is achieved.
  • the SD-ILA has 1028 (V) x 1280 (H) pixels or 1.3 M pixels (3. 9 M RGB sub-pixels) in a 1.22 inch modulator diagonal with a 16:9 aspect ratio. This is an impressive 6 times increase of the pixel density over a high-density conventional transmissive LCD projection panel.
  • the first JVC product incorporating the SD-ILA is a 16:9 50-inch diagonal rear projection television.
  • the use of a very wide-angle projection lens allows the rear projection unit depth to be 45 cm, which is less than a typical 21" CRT television monitor.
  • the projection light source is a 200 W UHP lamp mounted in a vertical configuration to extend lifetime.
  • Advanced processing features include the following: Digital HD formats are reproduced. Ten-bit digital gamma correction achieves high quality image. High picture definition is realized with a newly developed (circa 2000) flat panel DPC-LSI, which converts NTSC images to a quality level equivalent to HD standards. Incorporating a newly developed interpolation technology, the flat panel DPC-LSI converts natural progressive 480p up to HD standards.
  • the projection unit is equipped with 3-dimensional natural progressive scan. This processing doubles the density of scanning lines and plays back a smooth image without flicker or vertical line interference. It plays back any kind of scene naturally and clearly as it distinguishes among still images, slow moving images, and normal moving images and enhances each of them appropriately using JVC's exclusive motion adaptive 3-dimensional process that samples 3.3 million pixels.
  • a feature called “Digital Super Detail” (DSD) calibrates contours according to the type of scene, and thus plays back an extremely sharp image.
  • DSD Digital Super Detail
  • the D-ILA device specifications are, circa 2000, an effective Display area 18.468 mm (H) , 13.878 mm (V); resolution 1365 (H) x 1024 (V) Pixel pitch 13.5 micrometer x 13.5 micrometer; sequential Contrast Ratio >1000:1 Aperture Ratio 93%; response time rise plus fall ⁇ 16 msec.
  • Additional articles on active matrix liquid crystal displays include: 1. Atsushi Nakano, Akira Hon a, Shintaro Nakagaki and Keiichiro Doi, "Reflective active matrix LCD: D-ILA.” SPIE Proceedings 1998, Vol 3296, p. 100; 2. H. Kurogane, K. Doi, T. Nishihata, A. Honma, M.
  • Each of (i) illumination intensity, (ii) color temperature, and (iii) color balance over the area of the composite image may vary in accordance with the minor differences in manufacture, adjustment and age of the separate projectors.
  • the human eye is very sensitive to these differences, and can typically readily discern the boundaries of each separate projector within the composite tiled image even if the mechanical registration of the separate pixelated images is perfect . . If the mechanical registration is not perfect, than image artifacts serve to highlight such mis-registration as exists, making differences in the separate tiled images even more disconcerting, and objectionable .
  • fresnel lens typically glass
  • a fresnel lens typically glass
  • the co-parallel light rays help to make that all regions of the image appear to be "painted" with equal intensity light and that, particularly, the peripheral regions of the image do not appear to be less intense, and darker, because of the divergence of light rays in these regions from the visual axis of the eye of a viewer located to the center fore of the image.
  • the present invention will be seen to use a fresnel lens, preferably of the holographic type, in the light paths of each of a number of image tiles projected by a corresponding number of projectors in a manner that is not known by the inventors to have previously occurred.
  • the purpose of the normalization of intensity over the area of a single image tile is still served by each fresnel lens, but an additional purpose of preventing the light rays from a number of image tiles to intersect and overlap will also be seen to-be served.
  • the present invention generally contemplates a uniform illumination high-resolution, multiple-projector-based tiled computer display. All projectors are illuminated by (1) a single, common light source for each color. The light that will be used for display by all projectors in all tiles starts as the same light, with the same intensity and color temperature. Furthermore, the optical path of the light of each color as is distributed in parallel to all projectors incorporates (la) a fiber optic beam splitting system, and (lb) a single, associated one of a set of red, green and blue dichroic filters.
  • uniformity of each of (i) the intensity, (ii) the color temperature, and (iii) the color balance, of the colored lights is preserved to, and through, all projectors.
  • the present invention contemplates (3) use of a rectilinear fresnel lens behind each rectilinear tile of, and in, a multi-tile ulti-projector computer display system.
  • the fresnel lens serves to make that a conical light beam illuminating the rear of each display tile is passed through, and emitted to the front, each display tile in a direction substantially uniformly orthogonal to the plane of the tile.
  • Viewers located to the front of each and all display tiles see co-parallel light rays of equal intensity from all regions of each display tile, and from all display tiles.
  • a multiple-tile computer display so constructed provides to and between all the arrayed projectors colored lights that are (1) each of uniform illumination intensity, (2) each of a single color temperature and a single color spectrum, and, for all the colored lights, (3) of equal color balance. Further, the light emission from the areas of each, and of all, tiles, is in the same direction. This equal illumination uniformly directed serves to produce a tiled image display with unprecedented image uniformity both between, and within, the tiles.
  • the present invention more particularly contemplates (1) use of but one single source of light for each color in a multi- projector display system where a number of projectors selectively gate light so as to, in conjunction with other display projectors, form a composite, tiled, image; and (2) careful optical management of the colored lights each arising from but a single source.
  • colored lights are each (1) from an associated single source, with distribution of the light of each and all colors in each and all light paths being (2) carefully handled so that no differences in intensity nor color temperature nor color balance arise.
  • the light emissions each from (1) an associated single colored light source are preferably narrowband, with a sharp and well defined spectral peak.
  • the (2) careful handling first serves to multiplex light of each color from all spatial regions of its source to each and all of the projectors, and along an optical path of equal attenuation, making that each projector receives light of equal intensity.
  • the spatial multiplexing of the light is done with optic fibers, as is the transmission along paths of equal length.
  • the (2) careful handling also passes the light of each color through but one single dichroic filter (of a set of such filters) prior to transmitting the colored to each projector in parallel, with a recombination of the light of all colors occurring in a polarizing beamsplitter/recombiner in each projector.
  • the passband of each dichroic filter is narrower than is the passband of the projectors' polarizing beamsplitter/recombiner. This makes that variations in the spectral passbands of the polarizing beamsplitters/recombiners of the projectors are inconsequential; all the narrowband colored light reaching each projector is therein recombined the same.
  • the (3) rectilinear fresnel lens contemplated by the present invention serves, in its position behind each rectilinear tile of, and in, a multi-tile multi-projector computer display system, to make that a projected conical light beam illuminating the rear of each display tile is passed through, and emitted to the front, each display tile in a direction substantially uniformly orthogonal to the plane of the tile. Viewer to the front of each and all display tiles see co-parallel light rays of equal intensity from all regions of each display tile, and from all display tiles.
  • the net effect of the present invention in producing at great scale a composite, tiled, image having uniform intensity, color temperature and color balance throughout is to render a computer-generated image that is devoid of visually perceptible, and objectionable, artifacts.
  • this is the image quality that motion pictures have enjoyed for decades, it is not known to the inventors that any large scale computer, and computer video, display has heretofore achieved this level of performance .
  • each image projector is commonly controlled by a dedicated computer and computer display card so that the computer generated image may .be both (i) of high resolution rapidly refreshed, and (ii) economically so.
  • Resolution across a span of yards (meters) in the preferred embodiment of a projection computer tiled display system in accordance with the present invention is of the order of 105 dots per inch (40 dots per centimeter), with still higher resolutions possible.
  • the present invention is embodied in A multi-projector display system where (i) a number of display projectors each selectively gating light so as to, in conjunction with other ones of the plurality of display projectors, form a composite image; while (ii) one or more light sources, less in number than are the number of display projectors, supply all the display projectors with that light which each display projector serves to project.
  • the display projectors are preferably color projectors; and the one or more light sources preferably consist of one only light source supplying light in each of three primary colors.
  • the preferably one light source may preferably be any of (1) an incandescent illumination source, including (la) an arc illumination source, including (lb) a xenon arc illumination source; or (2) a laser.
  • the colored light is preferably derived from (i) a white light source, preferably an incandescent source, producing white light, and (ii) one set only of three color filters for filtering the white light from the white light source into three different primary colors, with the three filtered primary colors being supplied to each of the color projectors.
  • each of the color projectors normally includes a recombiner of received light of three primary colors.
  • this recombiner has three relatively wide frequency pass bands respectively for each of the three colors.
  • a multi-projector display system in accordance with the present invention typically has 3p light conduits where p is the number of color projectors.
  • Each light conduit serves to transmit a light of one of the three primary colors from an associated one of three color filters to one of the p display projectors. Meanwhile three light multiplexors each receive colored light from an associated one the three color filters and channel this colored light into p light conduits.
  • these light multiplexors so multiplex the light in a spatially distributed manner: some light from each and all regions of the associated color filter goes into and via a light conduit to each and all of the color ' display projectors.
  • the colored lights as delivered by the p light conduits to each and to all of the p projectors are of substantially equal intensity.
  • each of 3p light conduits preferably consists of a multi-stranded optic fiber cable, with each of the three light multiplexors (that performs spatially distributed distribution of a colored light) consisting of a fiber optic junction box receiving colored light from an associated one of the three filters so as to communicate this colored light into the multiple fibers of each of p multi-stranded optic fiber cables.
  • the multiple optic fibers that are within each cable are physically spatially distributed within each junction box so as to collect light arriving at the junction box from multiple different regions of the associated color filter.
  • the intensity of color light in each of optic fibers need not be -- dependent upon where from the associated color filter it was received -- the same, but, because of the spatial distribution, the colored light transmitted within and each of the p optic fiber cables to each of the p projectors will be of the same overall intensity.
  • an image tile further includes fresnel lenses, located between each of the projectors and the screen, for bending light rays of a projector beam of frustaconical shape until, until all light rays of each projector beam impinge upon the screen in a direction substantially orthogonal to a plane of the screen.
  • the fresnel lens is preferably a hologram.
  • the present invention is embodied in a method of projecting a tiled image.
  • a number of display projectors are supplied with light from a single light source.
  • Each of the projectors selectively gates light received from the single light source so as to project an image tile that, in conjunction with image tiles projected by other ones of the display projectors, forms a composite tiled image.
  • both light, and the image tile, from each display projector is, to the limits of un-augmented normal human vision, of (i) uniform illumination intensity, and (ii) uniform color temperature, to light and to image tiles from all others of the display projectors because each display projector is supplied with light from the single common source of light.
  • the display projectors are preferably each supplied with colored lights from sources of colored lights.
  • each of the display projectors serves to selectively gate colored light received from the sources of colored lights so as to project a colored image tile that, in conjunction with image tiles projected by other ones of the plurality of display projectors, forms a composite tiled color image.
  • a color balance in each image tile projected from each one of the plurality of display projectors is imperceptibly different from the color balance in each image tile projected from all other one or ones of the plurality of display projectors because all the plurality of display projectors are gating colored lights from the same sources.
  • the supply of each of the display projectors with colored lights light preferably proceeds by (i) filtering with color filters white light from a source of white light into different primary colors, and (ii) supplying each of the filtered primary colors to each of the plurality of display projectors by an associated light conduits.
  • the supplying of each of the filtered primary colors to each of the display projectors by an associated light conduits proceeds by coupling in a manner spatially distributed across the area of the filter filtered colored light from each of the filters into an associated plurality of the light conduits.
  • the supplying of each of the filtered primary colors to each of the plurality of display projectors is by associated light conduits of equal length, and equal attenuation.
  • primary colors are preferably produced by filtering with color filters white light from a source of white light into different primary colors; the produced colored lights each being of a predetermined, relatively narrow, bandwidth.
  • the subsequent selective gating of colored lights at each of the display projectors includes recombining the colored lights of the different primary colors in a color recombiner having, for each of the different primary colors, a pass band that is relatively wider than is a corresponding relatively narrower pass band of an associated color filter. This inequality of pass bands makes that the substantially equal color balance between the projectors already existing because of the shared usage of the same colored lights is not changed by any differences in the pass bands of the recombiners.
  • the projection of an image tile at, and by, each projector preferably includes a bending with a fresnel lens of the projected light.
  • This bending makes that the light at each, and all, image tiles is co-parallel, and orthogonal to any screen on which the image tiles are projected.
  • Such light will produce a composite image that is devoid of objectionable apparent variations in illumination intensity due to what is, in fact, a variation in the angle of the perceived light rays from various portions, and tiles, and/or tile images, of the composite image.
  • the present invention is embodied in a multi-projector display system where a number of display projectors each selectively project light onto a screen to form an associated image tile so as to, in conjunction with other ones of the display projectors, form a composite image.
  • a fresnel lens is located in each located in each path of light projected from each projector to the screen in order to produce the corresponding image tile.
  • $Each fresnel lens serves to bend the light that is projected from the associated projector so that all the projected lights impinging upon the screen as the collective image tiles, and for each image tile, will be both (i) substantially co-parallel, and (ii) substantially orthogonal to the screen.
  • the preferred fresnel lens is a hologram, and is more preferably a computer generated hologram.
  • all the projectors are preferably supplied with light from a single source.
  • the tiled images produced may suitably be overlapped and blended by action of computer processing in a manner that was not only futile, but actually counterproductive in the prior art (serving only to make a marginal situation worse) .
  • such preferred computer blending serving to control the edge pixels of an image, most particularly including at the extreme borders of each image tile that is projected by each of the arrayed display projectors, serves to make a composite image that -- although of high resolution (to 8M and more pixels per image tile, at 105 dpi and higher resolution) and huge scale (multiple meters in total size) -- is visually perfect and seamless, and without detectable imperfection (s) to the unaided eye.
  • Such an image devoid of artifacts is not only aesthetically pleasing, it is required in some applications such as medical imaging applications where a physician is looking for contrast changes .
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a first, white light, embodiment of a light projection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a second, R-G-B color, embodiment of a light projection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a simplified optical schematic of the prior art JVC D-ILA projector, showing that a light from a light source is selectively gated.
  • Figure 4 is a detail optical schematic of the prior art JVC G1000 optical projector, again showing that a light from a light source is selectively gated.
  • Figure 5 is an optical schematic diagram of the second, R-G-B color, embodiment of a light projection system in accordance with the present invention previously seen in perspective view in Figure 2.
  • Figure 6 is a first perspective view of the connection of an external light source via fiber optics into the base of a prior art JVC G1000 D-ILA optical projector in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 7 consisting of Figures 7a-7c, are respective top, front and side views of the connection of an external light source via fiber optics into the base of a prior art JVC G-1000 D-ILA optical projector in accordance with the present invention previously seen in Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 consisting of Figures 8a-8c, are front views illustrating alignment and compactness considerations in the connection of an external light source via fiber optics into the base of a prior art JVC G-1000 D-ILA optical projector in accordance with the present invention as was previously seen in Figures 5 and 6, and a side view of which connection will be shown in Figure 10.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a single light projector in the light projection system of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the mounting of the optical fiber light pipes from the external light source to the optical core of the prior art JVC G-1000 D-ILA optical projector in the light projection system of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a detail view of a white light source, a dichroic filter, and a preferred coupler for coupling colored light into a fiber optic bundle for use in the light projection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 12 consisting of Figures 12a and 12b, are respectively perspective, and side plan, views of the receipt via an optic fiber bundle of colored light into a projector, and a preferred aggregator and collimator for coupling the received color light into the optical paths of the projector, within the light projection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 13 consisting of Figures 13a through 13d, are graphs showing the photometry measurement for red, green, blue and composite white lights, respectively, projected in formation of each image tile in a light projection system, nominally a 3 x 1 projector horizontal array, in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention teaches that judicious use of a single light source obviates problems with variation in any of (i) illumination intensity, (ii) color temperature, and/or (iii) color balance over the area of a composite tiled image -- as routinely occur when multiple light sources are used -- generated from multiple image projectors.
  • the use of the single light source accords uniform and stable (i) illumination, (ii) color temperature, and (iii) color balance through all image segments, giving a high quality composite image suitable for scientific research, control rooms or electronic cinema.
  • the preferred computer display in accordance with the present invention is scalable, compact, low-cost, and possessed of an image that is uniform in each of intensity, color temperature and color balance.
  • a first, white light, embodiment of a light projection system in accordance with the present invention is shown in diagrammatic perspective view in Figure 1.
  • a second, red-green- blue (R-G-B) color, embodiment lb of a light projection system in accordance with the present invention is shown in diagrammatic perspective view in Figure 1.
  • the composite image may be generated, by way of example, from a 3 x 3 projector array 11 (of which arrayed nine projectors 11a-11j a vertically arrayed three projectors 11a-lie only are shown in Figures 1 and 2) .
  • Each image tile 12a-12j is optionally, preferably, backed by a rectilinear fresnel lens 13a-13j (of which selected one are shown) .
  • Each fresnel lens is located at the image plane of its associated projector.
  • Each projector lla-lli produces through its associated fresnel lens 13a-13j an associated image tile image 12a-12j of, nominally, 1280 x 1024 pixels.
  • the final, composite screen image 12 is thus typically and preferably about 3840 x 3072 pixels with physical dimensions of, most typically, 128 cm x 96 cm.
  • the composite tiled image 12 may be comfortably viewed by a human viewer 2 (not part of the present invention) at a distance of up to several tens of meters.
  • the path of the white light from a light source 14 consisting of a power supply 14a and, preferably, a reflectorized zenon arc light 14b, is, in the white light embodiment of Figure 1, through a single fiber optic junction box 16 (a part of which closest to the optic conduits 17 is shown at expanded scale in Figure 10) .
  • the white light from the light source 14 is turned into light of normally three primary, normally red and green and blue, colors in, preferably, color, dichroic, filters 15r, 15g and 15g prior to each color be collected by an associated fiber optic junction box 16r, 16g and 16b before being distributed to each of the projectors lla-llj via associated ones of the light conduits 17.
  • the light conduits 17 are not required to maintain spatial registration of any transmitted image, but only to transmit light.
  • The may accordingly be made as liquid filled light pipes or, more preferably, as non-coherent fiber optic bundles of, most typically, some thousands of individual stands within about 1 centimeter diameter.
  • the preferred projectors 11 are type D-ILA 61000 from JVC.
  • FIG. 3 A simplified optical schematic of a general prior art JVC D- ILA projector, showing that a light from a contained light source is selectively gated, is shown in Figure 3.
  • a lamp normally a reflectorized incandescent lamp, 110 is directed by condensing lens Ilia to a polarizing beam splitter 111 where some of this light is reflected to, and then again by, an ILA assembly 112.
  • This ILA assembly 112 may have been patterned, among other possibilities, by light from a cathode ray tube 113 passed through a relay lens 114 to the ILA 112.
  • Reflected, patterned, light from the ILA 112 is again passed through the polarizing beam splitter 111 and then through a projection lens 115 to a screen (not shown, such as the screen 12 of Figures 1 and 2) .
  • a screen not shown, such as the screen 12 of Figures 1 and 2 .
  • more than one source of light can be used, but the number of these light sources is always less in number than is the number of display projectors; each light source supplying several, and preferably all, of the display projectors with the light that the display projector serve to gate.
  • display system of the present invention use: (i) quantity one (1) JVC Model 360 ILA arc lamp assembly, plus (ii) a cold mirror, plus (iii) a dichroic deck, plus (iv) a base plate, plus (v) an arc lamp power supply/igniter . Use also (vi) quantity nine (9) fiber light pipes for RGB connection between illumination and projectors, and (viii) quantity three (3) Model G1000 (2-3:1 zoom lens) D-ILA projectors .
  • each projector is modified by removing its existing lamp, modifying the projector housing as shown in Figures 7 and 8, and by installing fiber optic receptacles (three for each projector) shown in Figure 10.
  • a rigid base and dust cover for each projector is preferably also made and installed.
  • the main power supply for each projector is tethered, and a special base so supporting is used.
  • Remote lamp turn-on and ignition is preferably provided.
  • an illumination system for RGB fiber illumination is made as shown in Figures 2 and 5.
  • a mounting/enclosure is provided for the arc lamp, illumination system and power supply.
  • the projection lens is preferably selected for nominal 21 inch diagonal image size
  • FIG. 4 A detail optical schematic of the particular preferred prior art JVC 61000 optical projector, again showing that a light from a light source is selectively gated, is shown in Figure 4.
  • Light from, in this case, a preferred arc lamp 110a is directed to a polarizing beam splitter 112 where some of the light is reflected through quarter wave plate 116 to D-ILA assembly 117.
  • Light patterned, and reflected, by D-ILA assembly 117 is again passed through the polarizing beam splitter 111 and then through a projection lens 115 to the screen 12.
  • Recent availability of QXGA (2048 x 1536) and 4000 x 2000 pixel chips (8M total pixels per D-ILA projector) means that the number of pixels of the final image can be increased by using such projectors.
  • a short throw (0.8:1) lens was fitted on each projector in order to achieve a 21" diagonal for each projected image tile, consistent with standard desktop monitors. Tests show that the diagonal can be reduced down to 15" without distortion thus increasing the pixel density from 75 dpi to
  • a Jenmar black screen 12 was used in rear projection mode. See Jenmar: ⁇ http:www.jenmarvs.com/>. Three projectors were tiled horizontally and the images were edge-abutted with pixel-level precision.
  • FIG. 5 An optical schematic diagram of the second, R-G-B color, embodiment lb of a light projection system in accordance with the present invention -- previously seen in a mechanical perspective view in Figure 2 -- is shown in Figure 5.
  • Colored light from a remote light source such as one of the dichroic filters 15r, 15g, 15b and the associated optic fiber junction box 16r, 16g, 16b (shown in Figure 2) is passes through one of the optical conduits 17 (also shown in Figure 2 to be received at an aggregator and collimator 1150 (further shown in Figure 12) consisting of a combination of two regular, and two rectilinear fish eye, lenses.
  • the shaped and dispersed (colored) light (i) is passed through color-splitting dichroic beamsplitters 1151, pre-polarizers 1152, and polarizers 1153, and (ii) is then modulated (i.e., patterned) by D-ILA assemblies 1154 (one for each color) until, in a color combining X-cube 1155, a single (multi-colored) output projection beam is emitted through projection lens 1156.
  • Image edge alignment is achieved by physical alignment of each projector using an in-house 6-axis positioner, upon which the projector opto-electronic cores are mounted.
  • Figures 6-8 In the perspective view of Figure 6 the connection of an external light source -- for example the exemplary red light source 15r, 16r shown in Figures 2 and 5 -- via three fiber optic bundles 17r, 17g 17b into the base 1160 of a prior art JVC G1000 D-ILA optical projector is shown.
  • Aggregators and collimators 120r, 120g, 120b contain the integrating and condensing lenses 1150 just seen in Figure 5: more detail will later be seen in Figure 12.
  • stanchion 1161 supports a circuit board while stanchions 1162 support various optics and electronic assemblies .
  • the main teaching of Figure 6 is simply that light of three colors is delivered into each projector 11.
  • Figures 7a-7c respectively show top, front and side views of the connection of an external light source via fiber optics into the base 1160 of a prior art JVC G-1000 D-ILA optical projector.
  • Dimension A-E are typically respectively 12.6, 16.8, 21, 11.1 and 7.2 inches .
  • Figures 8a-8c are all front views illustrating alignment and compactness considerations in the connection of an external light source via fiber optics into the base 1160 (previously seen in Figures 6 and 7) of a prior art JVC G-1000 D-ILA optical projector (in accordance with the present invention) as was previously seen in Figures 5 and 6) .
  • a side view of an exemplary one of the same connections is shown in Figure 9.
  • adjustments center around the projection lens 1156 also shown in Figure 5) .
  • the teaching of Figure 8 is that there are many ways to realize mountings, and adjustments, but that some are easier than others.
  • the mounting and alignments of Figures 8a, 8b and 8c range from the most to the least preferable.
  • a rectangular-physical mask 1157 in front of each projector 11 further delineates the image tile and eliminates stray light.
  • an a.c. power connection 1158 and, at the screen 120, optional infrared sensors 121 as may be used for sensing in an automated, remote, ambient light sensing and display intensity control circuit -- as is well known in the display arts.
  • Figure 10 shows a side view of the mounting of the optical fiber light conduits 17 from the external light source to the optical core of the preferred modified JVC G-1000 D-ILA optical projector 16 in the light projection system 1 of the present invention.
  • the aggregator and collimator assemblies 1150 previously seen in Figures 5-8, and to be shown in detail in Figure 12, are part of the optical path.
  • FIG. 11 Before showing and discussing these aggregator and collimator assemblies 1150, a view of the white light source 14a, and the dichroic filter 15r, 15g or 15b (both previously seen in Figure 2) plus a detail view of the preferred coupler 16r, 16g or 16b for coupling light of a primary color into a fiber optic bundle 17 for use in the colored light projection system lb in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figure 11.
  • a lens 161 guides light onto a butt end 171 of an optic fiber bundle 17, of which a partial, end, view is shown in Figure 11.
  • Figure 12a and 12b are shown a detail views of the aggregator and collimator assemblies 1150.
  • An optic fiber bundle 17 feeds colored light into an aggregator and collimator assembly 1150 containing, in order, (i) a regular, convex, first condensing lens 11501, (ii) a first rectilinear fish- eye lens 11502, (iii) a second rectilinear fish-eye lens 11503, and
  • each aggregator and collimator assembly 1150 couples the received color light into the optical paths of the projector 11 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the light emitted from each aggregator and collimator assembly 1150 is, as collimated, directed onto the color-splitting dichroic filters 1151 (also shown in Figure 5) .
  • Figures 13a through 13d are graphs showing the photometry measurement for red, green, blue and composite white lights, respectively, projected in formation of each image tile in a light projection system lb in accordance with the present invention. Photometry measurements were performed on each projector using a Photo Research PR-650 spectroradiometer.
  • the Figures 13a-13d generally show that (i) the colored lights are spectrally non- overlapping, and (ii) combine to produce a synthetic white light that is, in accordance with the principles of the invention, or equal intensity, color temperature, and color balance at each of the display tiles . Accordingly, it has been shown how unified illumination is achieved in a tiled display by using a common light source.
  • a single 1000 watts xenon arc lamp preferably provides a single, universally common, illumination source.
  • the preferred white light is preferably distributed via three optical fiber splitters and a single set of dichroic filters (RGB) to the respective RGB D-IL,A modulators in each projector.
  • RGB dichroic filters
  • the multiple projector system of the present invention solves the illumination, uniformity and color matching problem previously experienced across the tiles of a tile image by use of a single light source: hence uniform illumination, color temperature and color balance were achieved as shown and taught.
  • This display of the present invention is conservatively believed to represents an order-of-magnitude improvement over previous large scale multiple tile display- systems in each of computer display image quality, size, price and, hence, scalability to still larger and higher capacity displays.
  • illumination sources such as, mainly, the use of three lasers to provide a common illumination. This will have the advantage of removing the lamp and the dichroic falters, and improving the color gamut.
  • Different types of screens, and different tiling Fresnel lenses, are envisioned as well.
  • the present invention has been seen to involve, inter alia, Ii) a number of display projectors each selectively gating light so as to, in conjunction with other ones of the plurality of display projectors, form a composite image where (ii) one or more sources of light, less in number than the number of display projectors, supply all the display projectors with that light which the display projectors serve to gate.
  • the single light source is typically an incandescent illumination source, and more typically an arc illumination source, including arc sources of the xenon arc type, or still other types of light sources known in the art including tungsten halogen, metal halide and mercury-doped xenon.
  • the single light source may alternatively be a laser.
  • the composite image When the composite image is in ' full color, there may be considered to be three sources .supplying colored light to each of the display projectors. Even here, however, the colored lights are preferably derived from a single source by, most commonly, use of three color filters that filter light from this single source into three different primary colors . In this • case the preferred illumination source remains an incandescent xenon arc illumination source, and each of the three color filters is preferably a dichroic filter.
  • the preferred projection system further includes a number of light pipes, equal to or greater in number than the number of display projectors, for communicating light from the one or more sources of light to each of the display projectors.
  • These light pipes are preferably multi-fiber optic light pipe, being bundles of optic fibers.
  • the number of light pipes may equal to the number of the plurality of display projectors, with each light pipe communicating white light to an associated display projector.
  • the number of the light pipes may be three times the number of display projectors, three light pipes being associated with each display projector with each light pipe of the three communicating a different one of three primary colors to the display projector.
  • the present invention has further been seen to be embodied in a method of projecting a tiled, and most typically a large, image.
  • the method of the invention projects an areal portion of the large image with each of a number of display projectors, each of which display projectors selectively serve to gate light so as to, in conjunction with other ones of the display projectors, form a composite large image.
  • all the display projectors are supplied with the light that each serves to gate from but a single common light source.
  • light from each display projector is of uniform (i) illumination intensity, and (ii) color temperature, to light from all others of the display projectors because each display projector uses light from the single common source of light.
  • the display projectors gate colored lights then these lights also are derived from a single source, at most one source for each of three primary colors, thus making that (iii) color balance is uniform throughout the area of the composite display.
  • each part of a tiled composite display looks, insofar as luminance and color temperature and color balance go, exactly the same as any other part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des projecteurs multiples, de préférence, de type à cristaux liquides à matrice active de 9 pouce (ou plus), 1365 x 1024 pixel, disposés en réseau, servant à projeter une lumière commune, généralement une décharge à haute intensité (DHI) à incandescence à arc au xénon de 1,6 kW ou une lumière laser, pouvant éventuellement traverser des filtres dichroïques, pour obtenir à partir de segments en mosaïques multiples (généralement de 21 pouce chacun en diagonale) une haute résolution (normalement 75 dpi ou plus), et une grande, ou une très grande image continue très nette, mesurant normalement quelques mètres ou plus en diagonale. L'utilisation d'une seule source lumineuse confère des caractéristiques uniformes et stables en terme de: (a) intensité lumineuse; (b) température de couleur; et (c) équilibre des couleurs entre les segments de l'image et sur toute la surface de celle-ci. Par conséquent, on obtient des images composites de haute qualité pouvant être particulièrement utilisées dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique, dans les salles de commande ou dans le cinéma électronique. De préférence, la lumière est transmise aux projecteurs multiples au moyen de conducteurs de lumière, de préférence, constitués de fibres optiques en paquets. De préférence, chaque mosaïque d'images projetées traverse une lentille de Fresnel, de préférence une lentille de Fresnel holographique.
PCT/US2001/026667 2000-08-25 2001-08-25 Affichage en mosaiques a projecteurs multiples, a tres haute resolution, et a tres grande echelle presentant des caracteristiques uniformes en terme d'intensite, de temperature de couleur et d'equilibre des couleurs via l'utilisation d'une seule source lumineuse pour chaque couleur; intensite et gestion spectrale dans toute Ceased WO2002017547A2 (fr)

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AU2001288427A AU2001288427A1 (en) 2000-08-25 2001-08-25 Very-large-scale very-high-resolution multiple-projector tiled display with uniform intensity, color temperature and color balance throughout by use of a single light source for each color; intensity and spectral management in all light paths; and optional fresnel lenses behind each display tile

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US22793500P 2000-08-25 2000-08-25
US60/227,935 2000-08-25
US93920701A 2001-08-25 2001-08-25
US09/939,207 2001-08-25

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1722559A1 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-15 Global display Solutions S.p.A. Dispositif d'affichage amélioré pour usages intérieurs et extérieurs
EP2169534A1 (fr) * 2008-09-29 2010-03-31 Daktronics, Inc. Alimentation électrique distante
EP2878882A1 (fr) * 2013-11-20 2015-06-03 Christie Digital Systems Canada, Inc. Système de distribution de lumière avec un laser bleu et conversion de couleur

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04204812A (ja) * 1990-11-30 1992-07-27 Sony Corp レーザ画像表示装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1722559A1 (fr) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-15 Global display Solutions S.p.A. Dispositif d'affichage amélioré pour usages intérieurs et extérieurs
EP2169534A1 (fr) * 2008-09-29 2010-03-31 Daktronics, Inc. Alimentation électrique distante
EP2878882A1 (fr) * 2013-11-20 2015-06-03 Christie Digital Systems Canada, Inc. Système de distribution de lumière avec un laser bleu et conversion de couleur

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