WO2002045189A2 - Generation de courant electrique - Google Patents

Generation de courant electrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002045189A2
WO2002045189A2 PCT/US2001/049981 US0149981W WO0245189A2 WO 2002045189 A2 WO2002045189 A2 WO 2002045189A2 US 0149981 W US0149981 W US 0149981W WO 0245189 A2 WO0245189 A2 WO 0245189A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
engine
alternator
rotor
electrical power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2001/049981
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002045189A3 (fr
Inventor
John H. Westerbeke, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westerbeke Corp
Original Assignee
Westerbeke Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westerbeke Corp filed Critical Westerbeke Corp
Priority to EP01988379A priority Critical patent/EP1352435A4/fr
Priority to AU2002241692A priority patent/AU2002241692A1/en
Priority to JP2002547248A priority patent/JP2004515200A/ja
Priority to US10/057,504 priority patent/US7005756B2/en
Publication of WO2002045189A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002045189A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2002045189A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002045189A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/02—Driving of auxiliaries from propulsion power plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F01P3/202—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine for outboard marine engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1815—Rotary generators structurally associated with reciprocating piston engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2050/00—Applications
    • F01P2050/02—Marine engines
    • F01P2050/12—Outboard engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/007—Other engines having vertical crankshafts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical power generation, and more particularly to fuel-powered, on-board marine generators.
  • a typical marine engine-generator set has a water- cooled engine with its crankshaft coupled to the rotor of an electrical generator, with the crankshaft and rotor collinear and horizontal as mounted in operation. Injecting seawater directly into the exhaust stream cools the engine exhaust.
  • an on-board marine electrical power generator contains a conventional four-stroke, water-cooled outboard motor engine coupled to an alternator upon a transportable frame suitable for mounting on-board a boat (e.g., on a horizontal surface below deck).
  • the outboard motor engine is modified to enable its reliable operation with its crankshaft extending horizontally.
  • the outboard engine motor shaft extends vertically and is directly coupled to an alternator rotor.
  • Another aspect of my invention features a fuel-powered engine with a vertically oriented shaft coupled to a vertically oriented rotor of an electrical generator laterally spaced from the engine shaft, such that the engine and generator are disposed in side-by- side relation. This configuration enables the use of commercially available, water-cooled engines and engine components from vertically-shafted, outboard marine motors, for example, while keeping the height of the overall package within a range suitable for installation on pleasure boats.
  • the engine preferably operates on a four-stroke, gasoline (Otto) cycle, and has an exhaust elbow adapted to mix a flow of water into the streaming exhaust to cool the exhaust before it is discharged.
  • Four-stroke engines are particularly preferred for their ability to operate under elevated exhaust back pressures, such as are required to push water-injected exhaust streams through backwash-inhibiting exhaust risers.
  • the engine and generator are preferably mounted to a portable frame that may also support power-conditioning circuits for the alternator.
  • the output shaft of the engine may be coupled to the rotor shaft of the generator by belted pulleys, for quiet power transmission at a desired speed ratio.
  • the alternator or generator may be of several types known in the art, but for some applications a variable speed, permanent magnet alternator is preferred.
  • Such alternators are commonly used in generating electrical power from wind-driven turbines, for example, and can be equipped with power conditioning circuitry to provide a stable output frequency over a wide range of input speeds.
  • An advantage of variable speed operation is that the engine can be configured to change speeds in response to load, to maintain an optimum operating efficiency and to enable the use of advantageously small, less powerful engines.
  • rotor I mean the rotating portion of the alternator, whether carrying electrical windings as an armature, or carrying magnets.
  • the permanent magnet alternator is coupled to the engine to run at a relatively constant, "synchronous" speed (e.g., 1800 RPM), to produce a desired output frequency.
  • a relatively constant, "synchronous" speed e.g. 1800 RPM
  • Such a configuration is appropriate for applications that will accommodate some variation in output voltage over a range of operational loads and temperatures.
  • One advantage of this configuration is that it employs a much simpler alternator architecture than that of a wound generator stator with exciter circuits, for example, without the added expense of solid state frequency generation circuitry.
  • a method of producing electrical power on-board a boat is provided.
  • the method includes the steps of attaching a crankshaft of an outboard motor engine to an electrical generator, mounting the engine and generator on-board a boat, and running the engine to produce electrical power, and directing electrical power from the generator to a remote electrical load, such as an electrical appliance or on-board power grid, to perform useful work.
  • This invention can provide cost-effective electrical power generators of a physical size and power rating particularly needed by some boat owners, particularly those with moderate to low power requirements and who prefer a system that can be permanently mounted below deck and out of sight, rather than mounted outboard, for example, where they would be exposed to direct salt spray and less secure from theft.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate an electrical power generator installed on board a boat.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the electrical power generator.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the generator, showing the side-by- side arrangement of vertically oriented engine and alternator.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the generator, showing an in-line, vertical coupling of engine and alternator.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the generator, showing an in-line, horizontal coupling of engine and alternator. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
  • a boat 10 is equipped with an inboard, gasoline-powered engine 12 and an electric generator 14, with both the engine and generator mounted below deck and accessible through a hatch as shown.
  • Engine 12 and generator 14 may be fed from the same fuel tank (not shown), and exhaust through respective transom bulkhead exhaust ports 16 and 18.
  • the generator 14 is mounted upon a platform 20 secured to the boat hull below the rear deck 22.
  • Platform 20 has appropriate mounting points (such as bolting bosses, tie-down features, or vibration-isolating mounting pads; not illustrated) for securing the generator to below-deck structure.
  • Cooling water is suctioned from a seacock 24 through an inlet hose 26, for injection into the exhaust stream of the generator engine as discussed in more detail below. Cooled exhaust gasses are routed through the transom 28 through an exhaust pipe 30 that rises to above the water line 32.
  • Generator 14 is controlled from a remote controller (e.g., switch panel 34 in Fig. 1), receiving input signals through electrical signal line 36.
  • a remote controller e.g., switch panel 34 in Fig. 1
  • Generated electrical power is routed to onboard electrical loads (e.g., appliances, air conditioners and such, not shown) via output cable 38.
  • the generator is powered by liquid fuel (e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel) from tank 40, and a typical marine battery 41 provides 12VDC power.
  • liquid fuel e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel
  • generator 14 forms a compact, readily mountable, practically stand-alone unit.
  • the generator may be equipped with a sound-deadening enclosure 42, as shown, or may alternately be mounted on a rigid frame 44 with open sides and top for increased air circulation. Details of a suitable enclosure 42 can be found in U.S. Patent No. 5,929,394, the contents of which are incorporated by reference as if entirely set forth.
  • the height "H" of the entire unit is less than about 15 inches or 38 centimeters (more preferably, less than about 12 inches or 30 centimeters), and occupies a footprint with a length "L" of less than about 25 inches or 63 centimeters (more preferably, less than about 20 inches or 50 centimeters), and a width "W" of less than about 15 inches or 38 centimeters (more preferably, less than about 12 inches or 30 centimeters).
  • the weight of a 3 to 4 kilowatt unit is only about 120 pounds.
  • Louvers 46 may be provided through enclosure 42 for increased air circulation, and the enclosure may optionally be equipped with output power receptacles 48, as shown.
  • generator 14 contains a engine 50 coupled to an electric alternator 52 through a flexible timing or synchronous belt 54 and respective pulleys 56 and 58.
  • Belt 54 is of the type commonly used to drive camshafts in automotive engines, for example.
  • Pulley 56 is mounted for rotation with one end of the vertical crankshaft 60 of engine 50, with the other end of crankshaft 60 turning a positive displacement pump 62 for suctioning seawater from inlet hose 26 and pumping the seawater out through hose 64 into engine exhaust elbow 66 where it is injected into the exhaust stream of the engine to cool the exhaust before it enters muffler 68.
  • engine 50 is a four-stroke gasoline engine designed for use in a vertical shaft configuration in outboard marine motors, and is therefore appropriate for marine environmental conditions.
  • Such engines are typically already equipped with exhaust cooling elbow 66 and seawater pump 62, and are therefore readily adapted for use in generator 14 by mounting the engine block to the generator frame, and supporting the lower end of crankshaft 60 in a frame-mounted bearing block 70.
  • a generator 14 rated at about 3 to 4 kilowatts a two cylinder, 15 horsepower outboard engine motor is suitable.
  • a one cylinder, 6 horsepower outboard engine motor is sufficient.
  • alternator 52 As emissions regulations continue to encourage the replacement of two-stroke outboard motor engines with four-stroke versions, the cost and availability of appropriate engines suitable for use in my generator should continue to improve.
  • the overall height of the generator is kept advantageously low by arranging alternator 52 to occupy the same vertical space as engine 50, with their shafts running parallel, spaced apart and vertical.
  • the rotor shaft 72 of alternator 52 is mounted upon two spaced apart bearings (not shown) within the alternator housing, such that pulley 58 is mounted in cantilevered fashion at the end of the rotor shaft.
  • alternator 52 is a permanent magnet alternator designed to be run at variable speed.
  • Variable speed PM alternators are also known to be employed in wind machines and in some modern automotive systems, such as in hybrid vehicles.
  • Engine 50 may include a speed regulator to maintain the speed of the engine as close as possible to a speed selected with respect to the drive ratio to cause a synchronous alternator speed for producing a desired output frequency.
  • the engine may be speed-regulated about a 1500 RPM set point to cause a four-pole alternator to rotate at 1800 RPM for producing a 60 hertz output frequency.
  • Such embodiments may require an increase in engine capacity over variable speed arrangements in order to maintain the speed and voltage within acceptable ranges over operational loads and temperatures, but advantageously do not require elaborate power conditioning circuitry.
  • generator controller 74 may include appropriate power- conditioning circuitry as is employed in variable speed, permanent magnet motor drivers, for accepting a wide range of raw power frequencies from alternator 52 and producing a desired output frequency.
  • the cost of such circuitry will in some cases be sufficiently offset by the corresponding use of a smaller (lighter, less expensive) engine configured to operate at higher speeds in response to high load.
  • controller 74 is disclosed in presently pending U.S. serial number 09/368,200, filed August 4, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference as if entirely set forth, and in corresponding PCT application US00/21141, published August 3, 2000 as WO 01/11765.
  • generator 14' contains a vertically-shafted, four-stroke outboard engine motor 50 in which the standard flywheel at the end of its crankshaft has been replaced with a cup-shaped rotor 76 of a pancake profile, permanent magnet alternator 78.
  • Rotor 76 turns with the motor crankshaft and carries an arrangement of permanent magnets 80 attached to its inner circumferential surface. The weight and position of magnets 80 are selected to balance firing impulses and radial accelerations of the motor and its rotating components.
  • Packaged within rotating rotor 76 is a stationary, wound stator 82 responsive to the moving magnetic fields generated by rotor 76.
  • This type of alternator can be constructed to have a very low profile or axial length, such that, replacing the flywheel of the motor, the motor-alternator combination can add only few inches to the height of the motor itself.
  • Pump 62 may be mounted on the other end of the crankshaft, as shown, or can be electrically powered and mounted remotely for even lower package height.
  • engine 50' is mounted with its crankshaft 60 extending horizontally and coupled through a flexible coupling 82 to the rotor shaft of alternator 52. Because engine 50' was designed to operate with shaft 60 vertical, a few key modifications are made to ensure proper operation and reliability. First, engine 50' is equipped with a bottom oil sump 84 with an appropriate internal oil pickup for siphoning lubricating oil up into the engine.
  • carburetor 86 has been repositioned to maintain a vertical throat orientation as designed. In some cases, this entails installing a custom intake manifold designed for this purpose. Other necessary modifications will also be recognized and understood by those of ordinary skill, depending on the specific outboard motor engine selected for any given application.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un générateur (14) de courant électrique embarqué comprenant un moteur (50) extérieur refroidi par eau, à quatre temps, et couplé à un alternateur (52) placé sur un châssis transportable (44) approprié pour se monter sur une embarcation. Selon une réalisation, le vilebrequin (60) du moteur s'étend verticalement et est couplé à un rotor vertical (72) de l'alternateur, directement ou latéralement espacé de l'arbre du moteur. Selon une autre réalisation, le moteur est modifié pour fonctionner lorsque le vilebrequin s'étend longitudinalement. L'encombrement de cette installation est approprié pour être installé sur des bateaux de plaisance.
PCT/US2001/049981 2000-11-07 2001-11-07 Generation de courant electrique Ceased WO2002045189A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01988379A EP1352435A4 (fr) 2000-11-07 2001-11-07 Generation de courant electrique
AU2002241692A AU2002241692A1 (en) 2000-11-07 2001-11-07 Electrical power generation
JP2002547248A JP2004515200A (ja) 2000-11-07 2001-11-07 発電
US10/057,504 US7005756B2 (en) 2000-11-07 2002-01-25 Marine power generation and engine cooling

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24655400P 2000-11-07 2000-11-07
US60/246,554 2000-11-07

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/057,504 Continuation-In-Part US7005756B2 (en) 2000-11-07 2002-01-25 Marine power generation and engine cooling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002045189A2 true WO2002045189A2 (fr) 2002-06-06
WO2002045189A3 WO2002045189A3 (fr) 2003-05-30

Family

ID=22931176

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/049981 Ceased WO2002045189A2 (fr) 2000-11-07 2001-11-07 Generation de courant electrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1352435A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004515200A (fr)
AU (1) AU2002241692A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002045189A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7005756B2 (en) * 2000-11-07 2006-02-28 Westerheke Corporation Marine power generation and engine cooling
EP1697620A4 (fr) * 2003-10-27 2008-11-12 Wbip Llc Systeme de regulation de moteur pour une reduction des emissions de gaz d'echappement
US7726120B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2010-06-01 Wbip, Llc Controlling exhaust temperatures
EP1712465A3 (fr) * 2005-04-14 2013-12-18 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif générateur électrique du type hors-bord
US11306652B1 (en) 2019-01-22 2022-04-19 Westerbeke Corporation Small diesel engine-generator set

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5929394A (en) 1997-10-07 1999-07-27 Westerbeke Corporation Sound enclosure
WO2001011765A1 (fr) 1999-08-04 2001-02-15 Westerbeke Corporation Commande de puissance de generateur

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2196486B (en) * 1986-08-25 1990-06-06 Kubota Ltd Forcedly air-cooled engine generator of vertical shaft-type
US4836123A (en) * 1988-04-07 1989-06-06 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Compact motor/generator set for providing alternating current power to a marine craft
US5078627A (en) * 1989-12-18 1992-01-07 Outboard Marine Corporation Voltage regulator and rectifier having over-temperature protection
US5014660A (en) * 1990-10-29 1991-05-14 Westerbeke Corporation Cooling system for an enclosed heat source
US5626105A (en) * 1995-10-24 1997-05-06 Kohler Co. Vertical shaft generator with single cooling fan
JP3468327B2 (ja) * 1995-11-28 2003-11-17 ヤマハマリン株式会社 ４サイクル船外機
WO1998038729A1 (fr) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-03 Clifton Gerard Anderson Bloc-electrogene portable

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5929394A (en) 1997-10-07 1999-07-27 Westerbeke Corporation Sound enclosure
WO2001011765A1 (fr) 1999-08-04 2001-02-15 Westerbeke Corporation Commande de puissance de generateur

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP1352435A4

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7726120B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2010-06-01 Wbip, Llc Controlling exhaust temperatures
US7005756B2 (en) * 2000-11-07 2006-02-28 Westerheke Corporation Marine power generation and engine cooling
EP1697620A4 (fr) * 2003-10-27 2008-11-12 Wbip Llc Systeme de regulation de moteur pour une reduction des emissions de gaz d'echappement
US7832196B2 (en) 2003-10-27 2010-11-16 Wbip, Llc Electronic emissions control
US9157355B2 (en) 2003-10-27 2015-10-13 Wbip, Llc Marine exhaust valving
EP1712465A3 (fr) * 2005-04-14 2013-12-18 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif générateur électrique du type hors-bord
US11306652B1 (en) 2019-01-22 2022-04-19 Westerbeke Corporation Small diesel engine-generator set
US11486298B1 (en) 2019-01-22 2022-11-01 Westerbeke Corporation Small diesel engine-load set

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002241692A1 (en) 2002-06-11
WO2002045189A3 (fr) 2003-05-30
EP1352435A4 (fr) 2004-12-01
EP1352435A2 (fr) 2003-10-15
JP2004515200A (ja) 2004-05-20

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