WO2002076677A1 - Meule de haute resistance - Google Patents

Meule de haute resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002076677A1
WO2002076677A1 PCT/KR2002/000529 KR0200529W WO02076677A1 WO 2002076677 A1 WO2002076677 A1 WO 2002076677A1 KR 0200529 W KR0200529 W KR 0200529W WO 02076677 A1 WO02076677 A1 WO 02076677A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
abrasive wheel
combinations
boride
binder alloy
carbide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2002/000529
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English (en)
Inventor
Kang-Hyung Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
YEONWOO INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
YEONWOO INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by YEONWOO INDUSTRY Co Ltd filed Critical YEONWOO INDUSTRY Co Ltd
Publication of WO2002076677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002076677A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to high strength abrasive wheel blades which have excellent wear resistance and durability, through using a high strength alloy powder when various carbides, nitrides, borides and oxides, including tungsten carbide, titanium carbide and boron nitride, are sintered, along with hard ceramic particles, such as diamond.
  • the present invention provides an alloy having excellent corrosion resistance and strength by improving insufficient such properties, which are problems of conventional hard particle-based abrasive wheels comprising a binder alloyed from cobalt and copper.
  • hard particle powders are mixed with cobalt or copper powders, and sintered in a liquid sintering manner at a high temperature of about 1400-1550 °C according to particle sizes and composition of the powder, or in a solid sintering manner or a electro-pressure sintering manner at a low temperature of about 900 °C.
  • Such liquid reaction of the binder metal and hard particles is effectively used to decrease porosity and improve density, but suffers from the disadvantage of graphitization of diamond particles due to heating at a high temperature.
  • a cobalt element that is widely used as a binder material can have, depending on the added elements, a tensile strength of 250-700 MPa which is in a broader range than other metal elements, and has excellent wettability with hard particles, such as carbides or nitrides.
  • Cobalt of HRA 90-92 is added in the amount of 6-12 wt% for sintering, depending on a necessary hardness and toughness.
  • the cobalt element has the advantage of high hardness but is disadvantageous due to low toughness. Hence, in the case of being subjected to wear under heavy impact and severe conditions as in the abrasive wheel, cobalt is added in an amount of up to 70-90 %.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,018,576 discloses a diamond abrasive tool by brazing diamond crystals on a thin metal substrate with the use of a nickel-cobalt alloy comprising up to 12 wt% of boron, silicon and chromium. But this patent has the disadvantage of very high material cost due to expensive nickel-cobalt containing more than 60 wt%.
  • a method for controlling physical properties by improving a sintering process has been practically used. For instance, through a pressurization sintering process, diamond particles are not deteriorated, and their spherical shape is maintained by prevention graphitization of diamond under pressure increased to 5 atm., affecting the energy of the system between a grain boundary and micro porosity. But a device is complicated since heating and pressurization are performed at the same time, and pressure has limitations due to use of a graphite mold. In addition, a forming and sintering process is performed at low temperature by use of high energy sources, such as plasma, laser, microwave. However, there are problems, including a double heating process, and expensive equipment and high production cost.
  • the present invention is characterized by a binder alloy powder for sintering which can be manufactured from a matrix material comprising a cobalt-belong to late transition metal elements and their alloy, having excellent wettability, high strength and low cost.
  • a binder alloy comprises 65-97 atomic% of transition metals, and more specifically, a binder alloy consists essentially of 6-35 atomic% of an early transition metal (hereinafter, referred to ETM), 45-90 atomic % of a late transition metal (hereinafter, referred to LTM), and 2-25 atomic % of a precipitation strengthening and stabilizing element selected from among elements of the Groups lb, lib, mb, IVb and mixtures thereof, with inevitable impurities.
  • ETM early transition metal
  • LTM late transition metal
  • a precipitation strengthening and stabilizing element selected from among elements of the Groups lb, lib, mb, IVb and mixtures thereof, with inevitable impurities.
  • diamond or a hard deposit is added in the range of about 15-35 vol%, in order to obtain a suitable amount of hard deposit.
  • the ETM elements belong to the Rows LUa, INa, Va and Via in the periodic table.
  • chromium of the Group Via mainly used in the present invention, is advantageous in terms of high solid solubility for iron, cobalt, nickel among LTM elements of the Groups Vila and VHT, and low cost.
  • the chromium solid solution forms borides and carbides, together with boron and carbon, and thus is desirable in terms of processibility and strength.
  • the ETM elements, exclusive of chromium are used for enhancing the effects of chromium. Of them, molybdenum is formed to a complete solid solution, along with chromium, to reinforce a matrix structure and to stabilize borides and carbides.
  • ETM elements have inferior solid solubility for LTM to chromium at room temperature, they are added in the total amount of up to 5 atomic %.
  • other ETM elements such as titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, lanthanide and actinide, are responsible for reinforcing the matrix and forming stable borides and carbides, and thus are highly resistant for fatigue wear, including spalling, pitting, chipping and heat checking. Further, these elements can restrain oxidation of LTM, and the Groups lb, lib, Dlb and IVb during a sintering process and thus the amount of impurities and the extent of porosity are decreased.
  • ETM elements play a role in strengthening the binder alloy and belong to the Groups VTIa and Vm.
  • inexpensive and abundant iron is mainly used and the other LTM elements such as nickel, cobalt, etc. may be added to improve corrosion resistance and thermal resistance.
  • the element nickel is cheaper than cobalt which is used for a conventional binder, and activates metals of high melting points, such as tungsten and molybdenum, thereby promoting a sintering process.
  • Cobalt has excellent wettability to steel or ceramic, and improves heat resistance. So, if necessary, a small amount of cobalt is used.
  • other LTM elements may be added as matrix elements. But such elements are expensive or low in solid solubility for chromium, and are thus used in small amounts. In the present invention, when the amount of the LTM elements is less than 45 atomic %, it is difficult to obtain the ductility required for the abrasive wheel.
  • the Groups lb and Lb are responsible for solid-solution hardening of the matrix of the binder alloy, and the Groups nib and IVb are responsible for forming and reinforcing the hard deposit.
  • elements of the Groups Hlb and IVb boron and carbon are mainly used, and silicon and aluminum bear the responsibility of stabilizing boron and carbon compounds. With the total amount of these elements less than 2 atomic %, a matrix hardening effect is poor. Meanwhile, with the total amount more than 25 atomic %, brittleness increases.
  • a mixing ratio in the binder alloy is determined depending on a required hardness, in which hard particles are added to occupy about 15-35 volume% in the alloy, considering a specific gravity, so as to improve durability of a hard layer in a diamond wheel.
  • the inventive binder alloy with high surface energy is excellent in wettability with metals or ceramics, and suitable for a binder of hard ceramic particles. Because of such properties, the present binder alloy can be substituted for cobalt widely used as a conventional binder alloy.
  • the sintered products using the present binder alloy have superior internal compression, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and are applicable for wear resistant parts for engines, die punch, drawing dice, guides, bearings, processing tools and sintered binder materials for cutters.
  • the binder alloy powder having the composition ratios presented in the present invention is prepared by a gas atomization method. Then, in consideration of compacting with hard particles, the powders for sintering should have a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or smaller.
  • Use of a binder alloy powder which has various particle sizes results in increase of density, strength and elastic limit of the formed products. If the particle size is excessively increased, density of sintered products becomes low. Hence, the particle size should only range up to 45 ⁇ m.
  • a pre-alloyed powder is separately made and mixed, or a powder in a single metal state is mixed with the pre-alloyed powder on the basis of a composition ratio, to yield a desired alloy composition for a final sintering.
  • a crystal plane of a Miller index (001) turns into a cleavage plane and thus cracks parallel to the crystal plane are easily formed.
  • hard particles are previously mixed with the binder alloy particles to make up to 15 wt%, and are formed.
  • the particles which are formed to a spherical shape with a size of 45-125 ⁇ m may be used.
  • the hard particle materials comprise diamond particles, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tantalum carbide, vanadium carbide, silicon carbide, chromium carbide, boron nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, hafnium boride, titanium boride, zirconium boride, chromium boride, aluminum boride, cobalt boride, iron boride, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide and combinations thereof, or other hard ceramic particles.
  • a binder alloy having an amount (the remainder: hard particles) and a chemical composition shown in the following Table 1 was subjected to gas atomization to prepare a binder alloy powder.
  • the powder for sintering was pulverized to 45 ⁇ m or less, considering packing with hard particles.
  • a composition and an average particle size of hard particles were adjusted as shown in Table 1, after which such materials and an organic binder were uniformly mixed by use of a kneader.
  • the organic binder polymeric elements such as paraffin, polyethylene wax or EBS wax, and a liquid binder, such as stearic acid, glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, are mixed based upon a size and a shape of a final product.
  • paraffin was added in the amount of 0.5 wt% as the organic binder.
  • lubricants such as graphite, resins and metallic soaps are additionally added in the amount of 0.1 wt%. In the present invention, such lubricants were not used.
  • the abrasive wheel having high density would be required, pores necessary for easy removal of abraded particles should be formed on the wheel. As such, the wheel should also have a lubricating property. As in the examples 6- 12 shown in Table 1 as stated below, pores were artificially formed by sintering only larger particles at the low temperature of 1350 °C or less. Into such pores, a coolant and a lubricant were smeared, thus preventing a seizure between the abrasive wheel and a cutting material due to a friction heat of the abrasive wheel. During friction, new hard particles were exposed, with removal of the used hard particles. Thus, the hard particles should be removed at a proper time so as to maintain a cutting property.
  • the present abrasive wheel can fulfill such requirements.
  • iron powders with the size of 1-2 ⁇ m might be mixed with the alloy powder to give a chemical composition for a binder material.
  • a comparative example 1 shows a conventional preparation technique by a plating process.
  • conventional binder alloy powders were mixed with hard particles and sintered.
  • the binder alloy powder for sintering had an average particle size of 4-45 ⁇ m.
  • the hard particles of Table 1 were uniformly mixed with 0.5 wt% of paraffin by a kneader. As a result, the binder and the wheel had low hardness, under relatively high sintering temperature.
  • the sintered products using the binder materials of the present invention can restrain graphitization of diamond, due to their low melting point, and can substitute for cobalt used in conventional binder material, because of excellent wettability and high strength.
  • a lead frame having low hardness is cut by use of the abrasive wheel made of the present alloy, a dulling phenomenon easily occurs and thus pores are formed in 10-15 % by area, to readily remove the particles.
  • the abrasive wheel of the present invention is applicable to a variety of fields including wafer dicing wheels, wafer polishing wheels and blades for cutting stone.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une meule de haute résistance présentant une durabilité et une résistance à l'usure accrues, qui peut servir de meule à découper des tranches en dés, de meule de polissage de tranches ou de lame pour scier la pierre. Le procédé de préparation de la meule comporte le frittage d'une poudre précédemment alliée présentant la composition suivante : 6-35 % atomique d'un élément appartenant au groupe des métaux de transition ; 45-90 % atomique d'un élément appartenant au groupe des métaux à état de transition tardif ; 10-30 % atomique d'un élément renforçant le dépôt et stabilisateur, sélectionné parmi les éléments des groupes Ib, IIb, IIIb et IVb et des mélanges de ces éléments ; et des impuretés inévitables, ainsi que des particules dures telles que céramique très résistante ou diamant.
PCT/KR2002/000529 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Meule de haute resistance Ceased WO2002076677A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2001-0015592A KR100399315B1 (ko) 2001-03-26 2001-03-26 고강도 연마용 휠
KR2001/15592 2001-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002076677A1 true WO2002076677A1 (fr) 2002-10-03

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PCT/KR2002/000529 Ceased WO2002076677A1 (fr) 2001-03-26 2002-03-26 Meule de haute resistance

Country Status (2)

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KR (1) KR100399315B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002076677A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8795448B2 (en) * 2004-01-29 2014-08-05 The Nanosteel Company, Inc. Wear resistant materials
US20160230110A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Naco Technologies, Sia Nanocomposite solid lubricant coating
CN114260446A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-01 郑州机械研究所有限公司 一种金刚石磨具用胎体粉、金刚石磨具用双组份胎体粉、陶瓷干磨用磨轮

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102323987B1 (ko) * 2019-11-11 2021-11-09 김영준 절삭성능이 향상되는 다이아몬드공구용 세그먼트 및 그 제조방법

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246006A (en) * 1977-09-12 1981-01-20 Cornelius Phaal Method of making sintered metal-diamond aggregates
JPH09267262A (ja) * 1996-04-02 1997-10-14 Shinetsu Quartz Prod Co Ltd 複合レジンボンド型ダイヤモンド砥石
JPH10157912A (ja) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-16 Minoru Okada テープの取り扱い装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR950008687B1 (ko) * 1992-09-22 1995-08-04 대우중공업주식회사 디젤 및 가솔린 엔진용 소결 태핏의 제조방법 및 팁 조성물
US5955186A (en) * 1996-10-15 1999-09-21 Kennametal Inc. Coated cutting insert with A C porosity substrate having non-stratified surface binder enrichment
US6039641A (en) * 1997-04-04 2000-03-21 Sung; Chien-Min Brazed diamond tools by infiltration
KR100415315B1 (ko) * 2001-03-24 2004-01-16 연우인더스트리(주) 분말야금용 소결 바인더합금

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246006A (en) * 1977-09-12 1981-01-20 Cornelius Phaal Method of making sintered metal-diamond aggregates
US4591364A (en) * 1977-09-12 1986-05-27 Cornelius Phaal Abrasive materials
JPH09267262A (ja) * 1996-04-02 1997-10-14 Shinetsu Quartz Prod Co Ltd 複合レジンボンド型ダイヤモンド砥石
JPH10157912A (ja) * 1996-11-26 1998-06-16 Minoru Okada テープの取り扱い装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8795448B2 (en) * 2004-01-29 2014-08-05 The Nanosteel Company, Inc. Wear resistant materials
US20160230110A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 Naco Technologies, Sia Nanocomposite solid lubricant coating
US9650585B2 (en) * 2015-02-06 2017-05-16 Naco Technologies, Sia Nanocomposite solid lubricant coating
CN114260446A (zh) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-01 郑州机械研究所有限公司 一种金刚石磨具用胎体粉、金刚石磨具用双组份胎体粉、陶瓷干磨用磨轮
CN114260446B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-01-26 郑州机械研究所有限公司 一种金刚石磨具用胎体粉、金刚石磨具用双组份胎体粉、陶瓷干磨用磨轮

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Publication number Publication date
KR20020075541A (ko) 2002-10-05
KR100399315B1 (ko) 2003-09-26

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