WO2003011101A1 - Elektrokapillare reinigungsunterstützung in geschirrspülmaschinen - Google Patents
Elektrokapillare reinigungsunterstützung in geschirrspülmaschinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003011101A1 WO2003011101A1 PCT/EP2002/008171 EP0208171W WO03011101A1 WO 2003011101 A1 WO2003011101 A1 WO 2003011101A1 EP 0208171 W EP0208171 W EP 0208171W WO 03011101 A1 WO03011101 A1 WO 03011101A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- objects
- cleaned
- rinsing liquid
- electrification
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0089—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware of small size, e.g. portable mini dishwashers for small kitchens, office kitchens, boats, recreational vehicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/0002—Washing processes, i.e. machine working principles characterised by phases or operational steps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
- A47L15/42—Details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L2601/00—Washing methods characterised by the use of a particular treatment
- A47L2601/16—Agitation of cleaning liquid by impeller
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for cleaning objects, in particular dishes, in which the objects to be cleaned are brought into contact with a washing liquid. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device for cleaning objects, in particular a dishwasher, which brings the objects to be cleaned into contact with a washing liquid.
- the energy consumption per average dishwashing was reduced from 3.1 to 1.05 kWh from 1965 to the present day.
- the water consumption was reduced from 60 to 12 l and the consumption of cleaning agents from 40 to 25 g.
- the present invention is based on the object of further developing the generic methods and devices in such a way that a further saving in the resources energy and / or water and / or cleaners is possible with a simultaneous shortening of the cleaning time without worsening the cleaning result.
- This object is achieved by the features specified in the independent claims.
- the method according to the invention builds on the generic state of the art in that at least in part areas of the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned are generated at least one electric field conveyed by the rinsing liquid. On the one hand, this results in a faster dissolving of dirt on the objects to be cleaned, for example on glass and / or porcelain, and on the other hand a more extensive detachment of the dirt. This effect enables the same cleaning effect to be achieved more effectively and with less consumption of water and / or energy and / or cleaning agents compared to the prior art.
- the electrical field is preferably an electrostatic field, the construction of which means that no or only very small electrical currents flow.
- the invention thus makes use of the physical and chemical effects of electrocapillarity, in particular electro-conversion and electro-sorption, which are also referred to here as electrocapillary cleaning support.
- electrocapillarity in particular electro-conversion and electro-sorption, which are also referred to here as electrocapillary cleaning support.
- the mutual repulsion of charge carriers of the same name at the interface is assumed to be the mechanism of electrocapillarity.
- Electro conversion means the influence of the surface tension of liquids on electric fields.
- Electrosorption means the influencing of the adsorption or desorption of adsorbate molecules Solid-water interfaces through electrical fields perpendicular to the interfaces.
- a combination of these two physical and chemical effects is, for example, the influence of electro-conversion on surfactants.
- the voltage-dependent electrical conversion curves can be strongly influenced, for example, by adding detergent-active surfactants.
- the electric field has a vertical component over the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned. If the rinsing liquid contains surfactants, this component can be considerably smaller than is required by the theory of electrocapillarity without surfactants in order to produce an effect.
- the electric field is generated by electrifying the rinsing liquid.
- the physical background of the electrocapillary cleaning support is that the electric field, which drops at the interface between the rinsing liquid, in particular aqueous solutions, and the objects to be cleaned, reduces the surface tension of the rinsing liquid, as a result of which better wetting on the surface - surfaces of the objects to be cleaned are made possible (electrical conversion). If the rinsing liquid contains surfactants, these can be directed through the electric field to the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned (electrosorption).
- the rinsing liquid contains cleaning-active substances, in particular surfactants and / or enzymes.
- the cleaning substances can the electric field are quickly introduced to the articles to be cleaned due ', which enables a more effective separation of the dirt. If the contamination is loosened at one point, the rinsing liquid with its reduced surface tension can more easily penetrate between the objects to be cleaned and the contamination due to electrocapillarity, which results in a more effective displacement of the contamination.
- the washing liquid is electrified via a first electrode to which an electrical voltage is applied.
- the rinsing liquid is electrified regardless of the presence of dissolved additives.
- cleaning-active substances in particular surface-active surfactants, has proven to be very advantageous for cleaning.
- the electrical voltage is in the range from 100 volts to 10,000 volts, in particular in the range from 1000 volts to 5000 volts.
- the polarity of the voltage can be both positive and negative. A possible charge of ionic surfactants should therefore equal the charge the electrified flushing liquid.
- the voltage can be either a DC or an AC voltage.
- the electrification electrode is arranged in the region of a line section through which the rinsing liquid flows before it comes into contact with the objects to be cleaned.
- the electrode can in particular be formed by a metallic electrode.
- the electrification electrode is arranged in the region of a nozzle arm.
- a high voltage can be applied directly to a conductive nozzle, which is correspondingly electrically insulated.
- a counter electrode is arranged adjacent to the objects to be cleaned.
- the electric field then drops between the electrified rinsing liquid and the counter electrode.
- the counter electrode is dispensed with, in which case metallic objects located in the vicinity, such as, for example, the delimitation of the cleaning interior, can act as counter electrodes.
- the rinsing liquid is collected in a collecting container after it has been brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned.
- the washing liquid can be circulated at least for certain periods of time, so that it can be brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned several times.
- the rinsing liquid is at least partially de-electrified after it has been brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned at least once. If the rinsing liquid is circulated in order to be brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned several times, it may be advantageous to carry out the de-electrification only after the last contact with the objects to be cleaned.
- the washing liquid is at least partially de-electrified before it is disposed of.
- disposal is understood to mean, for example, the final pumping out of the washing liquid from a dishwasher.
- the de-electrification takes place via a de-electrification electrode he follows.
- This electrode is preferably connected to ground in order to allow a preferably complete discharge of the rinsing liquid.
- the de-electrification electrode is arranged in the region of the collecting container.
- the device according to the invention builds on the generic prior art in that it has means to generate at least one electric field at least in partial areas of the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned. On the one hand, this results in a faster dissolving of dirt on the objects to be cleaned, for example on glass and / or porcelain, and on the other hand a more extensive detachment of the dirt, similar to the case of the method according to the invention. These two effects enable the same cleaning effect to be achieved more quickly and with less consumption of water and / or energy and / or cleaning agents compared to known generic devices.
- the electric field is preferably an electrostatic field, in the construction of which no or only very small electric currents flow.
- the device according to the invention is therefore also useful the physical and chemical effects of electro-conversion and electrosorption, which, as mentioned, are also referred to as electro-capillary cleaning support.
- the mutual repulsion of charge carriers of the same name at the interface is assumed to be the mechanism of electrocapillarity.
- Electro conversion means the influence of the surface tension of liquids on electric fields.
- Electrosorption means the voltage-dependent adsorption or desorption of adsorbate molecules at solid-water interfaces.
- a combination of these two physical and chemical effects is, for example, the influencing of electrical conversion by surfactants, as has already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention.
- the voltage-dependent electrical conversion curves can also be strongly influenced, for example by adding detergent-active surfactants.
- the means generate the electric field over the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned in such a way that it has a vertical component over the objects to be cleaned.
- the means electrify the washing liquid.
- the electrocapillary cleaning support in that the electric field, which drops at the interface between the rinsing liquid, in particular water, and objects to be cleaned, reduces the surface tension of the rinsing liquid, which enables better wetting on the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned (electrical conversion), similar to the case of the method according to the invention.
- the rinsing liquid contains surfactants, these can also be advantageously guided to the surfaces of the objects to be cleaned in the case of the device according to the invention (electrosorption).
- the rinsing liquid contains cleaning-active substances, in particular surfactants and / or enzymes. Due to the electric field, the cleaning-active substances are quickly brought up to the objects to be cleaned, which enables the dirt to be removed more quickly. If the contamination is loosened at one point, the rinsing liquid, which has a reduced surface tension, can penetrate more easily between the objects to be cleaned and the contamination, which results in a more effective displacement of the contamination, as has already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention.
- cleaning-active substances in particular surfactants and / or enzymes. Due to the electric field, the cleaning-active substances are quickly brought up to the objects to be cleaned, which enables the dirt to be removed more quickly. If the contamination is loosened at one point, the rinsing liquid, which has a reduced surface tension, can penetrate more easily between the objects to be cleaned and the contamination, which results in a more effective displacement of the contamination, as has already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention.
- the means for electrifying the rinsing liquid comprise an electrification electrode to which an electrical voltage can be applied.
- the rinsing liquid is electrified regardless of the presence of dissolved additives.
- cleaning-active substances in particular surface-active surfactants, has proven to be very advantageous for cleaning, as has already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention.
- the positive or negative electrical voltage is in the range from 100 volts to 10000 volts, in particular in the range from 1000 volts to 5000 volts. In this case, too, the voltage can be both a direct and an alternating voltage.
- the electrification electrode is arranged in the region of a line section through which the rinsing liquid flows before it comes into contact with the objects to be cleaned.
- this electrode can in particular be formed by a metallic electrode.
- the electrification electrode is arranged in the region of a nozzle arm.
- a high voltage can be connected directly to a conductive one Nozzle are applied, which is correspondingly electrically insulated, as has already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention.
- a counter electrode is arranged adjacent to the objects to be cleaned.
- the counter electrode is dispensed with, in which case metallic objects located in the vicinity, such as, for example, the delimitation of the cleaning interior, can act as counter electrodes, as has already been explained in connection with the method according to the invention ,
- the washing liquid is collected in a collecting container after it has been brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned.
- the rinsing liquid can, as mentioned, be pumped in circulation at least for certain periods of time, so that it can be brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned several times.
- the device according to the invention has de-electrifying agents in order to at least partially de-electrify the washing liquid after it has been brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned at least once.
- the rinsing liquid is pumped in circulation, several times To be brought into contact with the objects to be cleaned, it can also be advantageous in the case of the device according to the invention to carry out the de-electrification only after the last contact with the objects to be cleaned.
- the de-electrifying agents at least partially de-electrify the washing liquid before it is disposed of.
- disposal also means, for example, the final pumping out of the washing liquid from a dishwasher.
- the de-electrification means comprise a de-electrification electrode.
- This electrode is preferably connected to ground in order to allow a preferably complete discharge of the rinsing liquid, similar to the case of the method according to the invention.
- the de-electrification electrode is arranged in the region of the collecting container.
- the device has a protective circuit that the electrical see voltage turns off when a predetermined current flow occurs.
- the predetermined bathcurrent flow is preferably selected in such a way that the voltage is switched off before there is electrical power that would be dangerous for humans.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the mode of operation of the electrocapillary cleaning effect
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is also suitable for performing the method according to the invention;
- Figure 3 shows two curves, the detachment of a test soiling from objects to be cleaned for an electrified and a non-electrified
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the mode of action of the electrocapillary cleaning effect, here with positive charge carriers (+) and surfactant molecules (T).
- rinsing liquid 5 for example water and cleaner
- rinsing liquid 5 flowing out of a pipe 1 is electrified by an electrification electrode in the form of a bare metal electrode 2.
- the contamination 4 on the objects 3 to be cleaned is more easily dissolved, since the surfactants T increase the contamination . • 4 are introduced.
- the rinsing liquid can penetrate the interface more easily and lifts off the contamination 4 by infiltrating the contamination 4.
- An electric field in particular an electric field, which has a vertical component over the surface to be cleaned, is necessary for the occurrence of the effect of the electrocapillary cleaning support.
- This component can be significantly smaller in the presence of surfactants T than is required by the theory of electrocapillarity without surfactants T in order to produce an effect.
- Such a counterelectrode (not shown in FIG. 1) can be implemented in a targeted manner near the items to be cleaned 3, but it can also be dispensed with, metallic objects in the vicinity, such as the delimitation of the cleaning interior, acting as a counterelectrode. Since there is preferably no appreciable current flow, the objects acting as counter electrodes do not have to be connected to the high voltage source.
- the electrified rinsing liquid is preferably discharged from the interior of the drain.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention, which is also suitable for performing the method according to the invention.
- a device was used to show the improvement of the cleaning effect by the electrocapillary cleaning support on porcelain plates 3 soiled with a mixture of oatmeal and starch.
- the plates 3 in the device shown in FIG. 2 were irradiated with both electrified and non-electrified washing liquid.
- the electrified rinsing liquid 5 emerged from the tube 1 and was electrified with an electrification electrode in the form of a metal electrode 2.
- FIG. 3 shows two curves which illustrate the detachment of test soiling 4 from objects 3 to be cleaned for an electrified and a non-electrified washing liquid, the device shown in FIG. 2 being used under the conditions explained above.
- the size of the area from which the pollution detached was measured as a function of time.
- Curve K1 illustrates the cleaning results for an electrified rinsing liquid
- curve K2 illustrates the cleaning results for a non-electrified rinsing liquid in accordance with the prior art, based on the device in FIG. 2.
- Curve K1 shows the case of one with 3500 volts electrified rinsing liquid.
- a comparison of the curves K 1 and K 2 clearly shows that by generating an electric field according to the invention, much better cleaning results are achieved in a significantly shorter time.
- the present invention can be used to achieve further savings in operating resources (duration, energy, water, cleaner), in particular in dishwashers.
- the spray nozzles 1 of a dishwasher with a high Voltage are provided, which results in electrification of the washing liquid 5 used.
- No special rinsing liquid is required.
- the rotation of the nozzle arm 1, which is customary in dishwashers, and thus the pulsed spraying of individual areas of crockery ensures the mechanical removal of the detached soils 4 and does not impair the electrocapillary cleaning support. This effect can also be supported by the temperature of the rinsing liquid.
- the electrical fields used in accordance with the invention have a high field strength, but preferably such a low current strength is used that the resulting power is harmless to humans.
- the limitation of these electric fields for example to the interior of the sink, as well as the presence of a current limitation which switches off the voltage when a significant current flow occurs, means that there are no impairments for the user.
- a de-electrification electrode 7 in the form of a discharge resistance to earth can be attached to parts provided with high voltage, such as a collecting container 6 or an inner housing. The rinsing liquid is preferably discharged again when pumping out of the device according to the invention via the device grounding.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in the form of a dishwasher.
- a nozzle arm 1 from which the washing liquid 5 is pumped out, is included an electrification electrode 2, which is connected to a high-voltage generator 11 via an insulated high-voltage line 15.
- a positive or a negative direct or alternating voltage is applied to the electrification electrode 2.
- the electrified washing liquid 5 runs over the objects 3 to be cleaned, which are held in an insulated carrier 8.
- the rinsing liquid is collected in a collecting container 6 and from there it is returned to the nozzle 1 by a pump 9, the liquid-filled parts of which are preferably electrically insulated, via an insulating plastic line 10.
- a de-electrification electrode in the form of a leakage resistance 7 to the earth is attached to the collecting container 6, this electrode serving for operational safety.
- known technical devices 12 of the dishwasher shown in FIG. 4 are isolated either from the electrified washing liquid or from the outer housing 13.
- the outer housing 13 is preferably grounded via a protective contact and isolated from the electrified flushing liquid 5.
- This is achieved either in that the inner housing 14 of the dishwasher is made of plastic or this inner housing 14 is a metal housing that is completely electrically insulated from the outer housing 13 and / or from the washing liquid 5.
- the washing liquid 5 can also be electrified elsewhere, for example by applying a high voltage to the dish holder.
- the rinsing liquid is independent of the presence of dissolved additives electrified. The presence of detergents with surface-active surfactants, however, has been found to be particularly advantageous for the purification '.
Landscapes
- Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT02767248T ATE444014T1 (de) | 2001-07-28 | 2002-07-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von gegenständen, insbesondere von geschirr |
| DE50213890T DE50213890D1 (de) | 2001-07-28 | 2002-07-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von gegenständen, insbesondere von geschirr |
| EP02767248A EP1414332B1 (de) | 2001-07-28 | 2002-07-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von gegenständen, insbesondere von geschirr |
| US10/484,867 US20050066539A1 (en) | 2001-07-28 | 2002-07-23 | Electrocapillary cleaning aids in dishwashers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10136937.9 | 2001-07-28 | ||
| DE10136937A DE10136937C1 (de) | 2001-07-28 | 2001-07-28 | Elektrokapillare Reinigungsunterstützung in Geschirrspülmaschinen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003011101A1 true WO2003011101A1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
Family
ID=7693489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2002/008171 Ceased WO2003011101A1 (de) | 2001-07-28 | 2002-07-23 | Elektrokapillare reinigungsunterstützung in geschirrspülmaschinen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050066539A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP2095754A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1242722C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE444014T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10136937C1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2333109T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003011101A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1955599A1 (de) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-13 | Braunschweigische Maschinenbauanstalt AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Nebenprodukten |
| CN107233995A (zh) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-10-10 | 六盘水师范学院 | 一种基于床层分板的自介质气固两相流化床干法选煤机 |
| DE102018118067A1 (de) | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | Ecoclean Gmbh | Reinigungsvorrichtung |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3546783A (en) * | 1962-08-27 | 1970-12-15 | Robert R Candor | Electrostatic apparatus |
| DE19632613A1 (de) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-19 | Pruss Gunter | Verfahren zum Waschen von Kraftfahrzeugen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Family Cites Families (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1950181A (en) * | 1933-04-11 | 1934-03-06 | Philip H Kelley | Combined electrical connecter and fuse plug |
| US2621673A (en) * | 1948-06-12 | 1952-12-16 | Jr John G Hodgens | Electronic solution control apparatus |
| NL102991C (de) * | 1955-05-12 | |||
| US3130570A (en) * | 1961-06-27 | 1964-04-28 | Gen Electric | Combination washing machine and cleansing medium generator |
| US4202674A (en) * | 1978-09-15 | 1980-05-13 | Ball Corporation | Electrostatic gas cleaner |
| IT1147150B (it) * | 1981-12-14 | 1986-11-19 | Zanussi A Spa Industrie | Lavastoviglie con cella elettrochimica |
| KR890005261B1 (ko) * | 1985-08-28 | 1989-12-20 | 미쓰비시 뎅기 가부시끼가이샤 | 액체여과장치 |
| US5125124A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1992-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic dust collector for use in vacuum system |
| CA2001990C (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1999-08-17 | Gordon M. Cameron | Electrostatic gas cleaning |
| US5315793A (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1994-05-31 | Hughes Aircraft Company | System for precision cleaning by jet spray |
| US5372652A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1994-12-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Aerosol cleaning method |
| JP2949322B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-19 | 1999-09-13 | 株式会社アロンワールド | イオン水、その製造方法および製造装置 |
| US5967156A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1999-10-19 | Krytek Corporation | Processing a surface |
| US5931721A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1999-08-03 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Aerosol surface processing |
| US5662789A (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1997-09-02 | National Research Council Of Canada | Removal of organics from aqueous solutions |
| TW338713B (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1998-08-21 | Sharp Kk | A dishwasher |
| US5793584A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-08-11 | Terastor Corporation | Device and method for electrostatically cleaning a disk mounted in a removable cartridge |
| WO1999037414A1 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-29 | Miz Co., Ltd. | Washing process and washing unit |
| US6823878B1 (en) * | 1999-04-22 | 2004-11-30 | Eltek S.P.A. | Household appliance using water, namely a washing machine, with improved device for softening the water |
| IT1309792B1 (it) * | 1999-04-22 | 2002-01-30 | Eltek Spa | Elettrodomestico utilizzante acqua, in particolare una macchinadi lavaggio, con dispositivo perfezionato per l'abbattimento |
| US7015184B2 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2006-03-21 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Cleaning solution, and method and apparatus for cleaning using the same |
| US6500758B1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2002-12-31 | Eco-Snow Systems, Inc. | Method for selective metal film layer removal using carbon dioxide jet spray |
| US6782900B2 (en) * | 2001-09-13 | 2004-08-31 | Micell Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for cleaning and/or treating a substrate using CO2 |
| US6852173B2 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2005-02-08 | Boc, Inc. | Liquid-assisted cryogenic cleaning |
| US7413637B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2008-08-19 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Self-contained, self-powered electrolytic devices for improved performance in automatic dishwashing |
| US20050107252A1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-05-19 | Gaffney Anne M. | Process for preparing mixed metal oxide catalyst |
-
2001
- 2001-07-28 DE DE10136937A patent/DE10136937C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-07-23 AT AT02767248T patent/ATE444014T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-23 EP EP09006607A patent/EP2095754A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-07-23 US US10/484,867 patent/US20050066539A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-23 EP EP02767248A patent/EP1414332B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-23 ES ES02767248T patent/ES2333109T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-23 WO PCT/EP2002/008171 patent/WO2003011101A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-23 CN CNB028149890A patent/CN1242722C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-23 DE DE50213890T patent/DE50213890D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3546783A (en) * | 1962-08-27 | 1970-12-15 | Robert R Candor | Electrostatic apparatus |
| DE19632613A1 (de) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-19 | Pruss Gunter | Verfahren zum Waschen von Kraftfahrzeugen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50213890D1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
| ES2333109T3 (es) | 2010-02-17 |
| EP1414332B1 (de) | 2009-09-30 |
| EP1414332A1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
| CN1242722C (zh) | 2006-02-22 |
| US20050066539A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| CN1536974A (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
| DE10136937C1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
| ATE444014T1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
| EP2095754A1 (de) | 2009-09-02 |
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