WO2003074996A2 - Procede et dispositif pour analyser des masses en fusion - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour analyser des masses en fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003074996A2
WO2003074996A2 PCT/DE2003/000722 DE0300722W WO03074996A2 WO 2003074996 A2 WO2003074996 A2 WO 2003074996A2 DE 0300722 W DE0300722 W DE 0300722W WO 03074996 A2 WO03074996 A2 WO 03074996A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
sample chamber
melt
vessel
chamber
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PCT/DE2003/000722
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2003074996A3 (fr
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Uwe Kühn
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Priority to AU2003233910A priority Critical patent/AU2003233910A1/en
Publication of WO2003074996A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003074996A2/fr
Publication of WO2003074996A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003074996A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/02—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering
    • G01N25/04—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating changes of state or changes of phase; by investigating sintering of melting point; of freezing point; of softening point
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/20—Metals
    • G01N33/205—Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for analyzing melts and the resulting solids, comprising the process steps: introducing a relatively small sample of the melt into a sample vessel with at least one temperature sensor, the sample vessel having at least one sample chamber with walls, detecting the temperature Time curve of the amount of sample during cooling, evaluation of the temperature-time curve with a computer program and evaluation of the chemical and physical state of the melt.
  • the invention also relates to a device for analyzing melts.
  • the temperature curve of the melt can be recorded as a function of time.
  • a small sample amount of the melt, a sample container and the most accurate temperature measurement possible are required for the recording.
  • the temperature-time curve obtained in this way shows a special course, depending on the composition.
  • a cylindrical ceramic body with a sample chamber has an inlet for the melt sample at the bottom of the body.
  • the sample chamber is vented through a channel on the top of the body.
  • Another hole is formed on the body. The thermocouple in the sample chamber is connected through this hole and a handle for handling the body is introduced into this hole.
  • This object is achieved by a method for analyzing melts and the resulting solids, comprising the method steps: introducing a relatively small sample of the melt into a sample vessel with at least one temperature sensor, the sample vessel having at least one sample chamber with walls, recording the temperature-time Curve of the amount of sample during cooling, evaluation of the temperature-time curve with a computer program, evaluation of the chemical and physical state of the melt, the gas permeability of the walls of the sample chamber being set in a defined manner.
  • This object is also achieved by a device using this method.
  • Gas bubbles have different heat flow mechanisms and different heat capacities than the melt and thus influence the temperature-time curve. It is advantageous that no defects in the form of Gas bubbles can arise. It is also advantageous that with open sample vessels, the gases can still escape after the sample surface has solidified. This is achieved in that the gas permeability of the walls of the sample chamber is set in a defined manner.
  • the gas that is released from the melt due to the decreasing solubility during cooling can be completely removed from the sample over the entire period of the analysis.
  • the gas permeability is set in a defined manner via at least one air duct with at least one throttle valve and / or with a membrane.
  • the sample vessel is made of a material with a certain grain size and with a certain binder composition, which has a defined gas permeability.
  • the gas permeability of the walls of the sample chamber is adjusted via capillaries, which are arranged in a certain number and with a certain cross section in the walls of the sample chamber. The gas permeability of the walls can be set differently in different wall areas.
  • the detection of the temperature-time curve is not influenced by the filling process and the degree of filling of the sample chamber. This is achieved in that the sample vessel is designed in such a way that the volume of the sample chamber is completely filled.
  • auxiliary substances can be assessed with reliable statements from the course of the temperature-time curves.
  • This is achieved by introducing one or more auxiliary substances with a defined weight ratio to the weight of the sample into the sample chamber or into the inlet to the sample chamber.
  • This is also achieved by introducing the auxiliary substances into the sample chamber in the form of a powder, a capsule, a pill or a coating become.
  • the maximum temperature of the melt can be correctly recorded before and during the introduction of the melt sample into the sample chamber. This is achieved by preheating the temperature sensor before introducing the sample into the sample chamber. This is also achieved in that at least one additional temperature sensor for measuring the maximum temperature of the melt is arranged in the sample vessel.
  • the sample can be introduced into the sample chamber of the sample vessel without creating a vacuum. This is achieved in that the sample chamber of the sample vessel is filled due to the metallostatic pressure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through an inventive device for analyzing melts
  • FIGS. 2 to 12 sections through further devices analogous to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 13 shows a section through a temperature sensor for the device from FIG. 1 and
  • FIGS. 14 to 19 sections through further devices analogous to FIG. 1.
  • a sample vessel 1 for use in a method for analyzing melts is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the sample container 1 has
  • Walls 3 which are constructed, for example, from an inorganic material.
  • the sample vessel 1 receives the melt sample 9 in a sample chamber 2.
  • a temperature sensor 4 is arranged in a protective tube 5 in the sample chamber 2.
  • the walls of the sample vessel 1 are made from a molding material in a foundry, similar to the casting molds.
  • a refractory quartz sand with a grain size of 0.1 to 0.8 mm is used as the inorganic molding material.
  • a mixture of silicon oxides and sodium oxides, such as sodium water glass, can be used as a binder for the sand.
  • the ratio of binder to sand is about 2 to 3%.
  • the grain size of the molding material and the binder content are selected so that a bending strength of at least 250 N / cm 2 and a gas permeability of at least 160 units, measured with a conventional measuring device for gas permeability testing, is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 Another exemplary embodiment of a sample vessel 1 is shown in FIG.
  • the sample vessel 1 can be immersed in the melt and the sample chamber 2 fills via an inlet channel or via a filling line 6 which is arranged in the wall 3 such that the melt is pressed into the chamber 2 by the metallostatic pressure.
  • the sample chamber 2 also has an air channel 7 with a throttle valve 8 arranged therein.
  • the air duct 7 is formed in the wall 3 above the sample 9.
  • the throttle valve 8 effects a defined ventilation of the sample chamber 2.
  • the throttle valve 8 enables the sample chamber 2 to be filled in a controlled manner.
  • the melt can be controlled with the throttle valve 8. This prevents the melt from flowing into the chamber too quickly or even exiting through the air duct 7. If there is an auxiliary in the chamber 2, the throttle valve 8 prevents the auxiliary from being rinsed out with the melt and thus an undefined ratio of
  • FIG. 3 shows a sample container 1 analogous to the sample container from FIG. 2.
  • a membrane 10 is arranged in the air duct 7 instead of the throttle valve.
  • the membrane 10 is permeable to the gas flow, but not permeable to the melt.
  • the membrane can be realized, for example, by means of a metal grille which allows the gas flow through the air duct 7, but which lowers the temperature of the melt by removing heat and increases the viscosity of the melt to such an extent that it does not emerge from the air duct 7.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sample container 1 analogous to the sample container from FIG. 1.
  • Capillaries 11 are formed in the side walls 3 of the sample chamber 2.
  • the individual capillary 11 is dimensioned such that it is permeable to the gas flow, but not to the melt.
  • the capillaries 11 are produced in the walls 3, for example, by threads of polystyrene admixed with the molding material, which threads decompose and evaporate when the melt is introduced as a result of the temperature.
  • the gas permeability of the walls 3 can be set in a defined manner by the number and the distribution of the polystyrene threads.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a sample vessel 1 analogous to the vessel of FIGS. 1 and 4.
  • the walls 3 have different wall areas 12, 13 with a different gas permeability. It is advantageous to design the walls 3 from materials with a higher gas permeability and the bottom from materials with a lower gas permeability.
  • the wall areas which have a higher gas permeability usually have a lower mechanical strength.
  • FIG. 6 shows sample vessels 1, all of which are designed, for example, in such a way that the volume of the sample chamber 2 is completely filled. If the filling volume of the sample chamber 2 from analysis to analysis remains constant, the volume of the sample chamber 2 has a constant influence on the detection of the temperature-time curve and can therefore be considered mathematically.
  • the actual sample chamber 2 is preceded by a so-called filling system 14 with an inlet funnel 15.
  • the actual sample container 1 has a sample chamber 2 and is closed except for a filling opening 16.
  • the melt sample 9 is closed off from the surroundings of the sample vessel 1, which prevents the entry of disruptive ambient air.
  • the sample volume of chamber 2 is defined and it is achieved that the same sample weight is filled in each time. If additives are added to the shrink sample, the ratio of the sample weight to the weight of the additives remains constant and reproducible.
  • the flow conditions in the melt at the filling opening 16 are clearly defined.
  • FIG. 7 instead of the upstream filling system 14 from FIG. 6, a collecting system 17 is connected downstream of the sample chamber 2. An overflow 18 is formed in the sample vessel 1 of FIG. 7 between the sample chamber 2 and the collecting system 17. This also ensures that the same amount of melt is always introduced into the sample chamber 2.
  • FIG. 8 shows a sample vessel 1 in which the area which forms the boundary between the melt sample in the sample chamber 2 and the ambient air is kept as small as possible.
  • the overflow of the melt depends on the surface tension of the melt. If the surfaces 19, 20 on which the surface tension between the air and the melt is effective are kept as small as possible, then the influence of the surface tension on the overflow of the melt is as small as possible.
  • the melt is always overflowed from the sample chamber 2 at the same filling volume. If the melt volume is kept reproducible and constant, the meaningfulness of the temperature-time curve is assured.
  • auxiliary materials can be introduced into the sample chamber 2 or the filling line 6. Auxiliaries are all additives that are added during production to influence the properties of the melt.
  • the auxiliaries must be introduced in such a way that they can react with the melt. To ensure a reproducible reaction, the auxiliaries must not be rinsed out of the chamber 2 by the melt. The auxiliaries must not float and must be well wetted by the melt.
  • the auxiliary substances can be introduced into the sample chamber in the form of a powder, a capsule or a pill.
  • the sample chamber 2 can also be coated on the inside with the auxiliary material or materials. If, for example, tellurium or sulfur are used as auxiliary substances, they have to be encapsulated because the boiling point is below the temperature of the melt.
  • the auxiliary substances can be shaped into a pill, for example with hard gelatin, before being introduced into the chamber.
  • FIG. 9 shows a sample vessel 1 with two identical sample chambers 2.
  • Each sample chamber 2 has a feeder 21.
  • a feeder is a cavity adjacent to the actual molded part. Melt flows out of this cavity during the cooling and shrinkage of the molded part. This ensures that voids are avoided even in the molded part.
  • a feeder 21 is arranged in the melt sample 9, it is achieved that the sample 9 has the same density everywhere, and thus the same thermal conductivity and the same heat capacity.
  • the feeder 21 is the Part of the melt sample 9, which is the last to cool and solidify. Mechanical stresses occur when partial areas with different densities are formed due to different cooling rates. In order to protect the temperature sensor 4 from these mechanical stresses, it must not be arranged in the region of the feeder 21. For the same reason, the temperature sensor must not be in the thermal center of the sample.
  • the sample chambers 2 are filled via a common main filling line 22, which is connected to the filling system 14.
  • the filling line 22 is connected to the sample chambers 2 in such a way that all chambers are filled simultaneously and uniformly.
  • the filling line 22 is also connected to the sample chamber 2 in such a way that the temperature sensor 4 is not subjected to excessive loads either mechanically or selectively thermally.
  • the filling line 22 is connected tangentially to the sample chamber 2. The excessive load is also avoided if the sample chamber 2 is flown from below. This arrangement also ensures that the auxiliary materials are whirled through well.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show sample chambers 2 with different geometries.
  • the sample chamber can have, for example, a cubic, a cylindrical, a conical, a wedge-shaped or a step-wedge-shaped geometry.
  • different cooling rates can be achieved.
  • different phase transformations can be observed. In different areas of the
  • temperature sensors 4 can be arranged in the sample chamber 2 in order to observe these phase changes.
  • a spherical geometry of the sample chamber 2 with the temperature sensor 4 in the center of the sphere is optimal.
  • a cubic geometry of the sample chamber 2 is optimal for determining the thermal conductivity of the solidified melt sample 9.
  • the temperature sensor 4 is shown on its own.
  • the temperature sensor 4 consists of a temperature-sensitive element 23, which is arranged in a protective tube 5.
  • the protective tube 5 can consist of quartz glass or another ceramic, temperature and melt-resistant material.
  • the temperature-sensitive element 23 lies as flat as possible, without a gap on the inner wall of the protective tube 5. This prevents another medium with temperature transition effects from adversely affecting the temperature measurement.
  • the protective tube 5 also serves for the electrical insulation of the temperature measuring lines against the electrically conductive melt. If the protective tube is made of quartz glass, there is a good optical coupling of the temperature-sensitive element 23 to the melt, since it is well transparent to optical radiation.
  • the protective tube 5 has the smallest possible diameter d. The size of the protective tube influences the cooling behavior of the melt, since the phase transitions and thus the temperature measurement are influenced by foreign bodies, inhomogeneities and changes in the melt.
  • the temperature that is measured at the temperature-sensitive element 23 should match the temperature of the melt as closely as possible.
  • a protective tube with a diameter d that is less than 1/16 of the longest distance between two points on the surface of the sample 9 best meets these requirements.
  • FIGS. 14, 15 and 16 schematically show further exemplary embodiments of sample vessels for the analysis of melts.
  • FIG. 14 shows a sample chamber 2 with two parallel side walls 3.
  • An ultrasound probe can be coupled to the parallel side wall of the sample 9. This can be used to measure the speed of sound of the metal.
  • the sample chamber 2 has an elongated and meandering shape, the so-called viscosity spiral.
  • a resistance wire can be inserted into the sample chamber over the entire length for electrical measurement of the viscosity.
  • Figure 16 is with the actual
  • Sample chamber 2 combines a device 25 with an electrical coil for measuring the eddy current in sample 9.
  • FIG. 17 shows a sample vessel 1 with an elongated sample chamber 2.
  • Two electrically conductive wires 26 for determining the electrical conductivity are installed in two walls 3, which are located on the most distant sides of the sample chamber 2.
  • the wires 26 are connected to a constant current source 27, a voltmeter 28 and an ammeter 29.
  • the conductive wires 26 are inserted so deep into the sample chamber 2 and insulated to such an extent that no measurement is carried out in the edge zone 30 of the sample 9.
  • FIG. 18 shows a sample vessel 1 with a suction line 31.
  • Suction line 31, as also described in FIG. 3, shows a membrane 10.
  • a vacuum or vacuum can be applied to the suction line 31.
  • the filling line 22 is brought under the surface of the melt S and the sample chamber 2 is filled directly from below, that is to say without the use of an intermediate vessel. This ensures that the melt S enters the sample chamber 2 of the sample vessel 1 without contact with the ambient air can be introduced. This also ensures that the melt is introduced into the sample chamber 2 at the highest possible temperature. This method of operation is particularly necessary if the sampling location is difficult to access or if the melt areas are very small.
  • the negative pressure is maintained until the melt S in the filling line 22 has reached such a high viscosity that it is impossible to flow back.
  • FIG. 19 shows a sample vessel 1 which is immersed in the melt S. By immersing it in the melt, the sample chamber 2 will fill itself due to the metallostatic pressure.
  • An additional maximum temperature sensor 32 for measuring the melt temperature when filling the sample chamber 2 is shown in the filling line 22.
  • the filling line 22 has a siphon 33. This prevents the melt S from flowing out of the sample chamber 2 after filling.
  • the melt samples tend to form macro- and / or microporosities during or after solidification, which as Fluctuations in density can be measured. If the sample has to be used for density determination according to the Archimedean principle, the geometry of the sample chamber must be designed so that the density fluctuations do not occur at the edge of the sample. For this purpose, the sample chamber has a cross-shaped profile in cross section, the thermal center in the
  • Crossing point of four arms of equal length lies. With this geometry, the formation of cavities will preferably take place at this crossing point.
  • the geometry of the sample chamber must be designed so that the density fluctuations occur at the edge of the sample.
  • the sample chamber has a V-shaped profile in cross section, the thermal center coming to lie at the point of intersection of the two arms of the V. In general, density fluctuations will occur in the sample if the sample chamber has no way to supply the seal and if the sample has a pronounced thermal center.
  • the sample vessel 1 can also be produced from materials with a thermal conductivity and / or thermal capacity that differs from sand.
  • certain wall areas can also be made of steel instead of sand.
  • the geometry of the sample chamber 2 and the volume are selected so that a statement about the state of the melt can be made within two minutes. For example, reliable statements about the eutectic can be made within two minutes if the sample vessel 1 has walls 3 made of inorganic quartz sand, if the
  • Sample chamber 2 is spherical and has a diameter of at most 32 mm.
  • the melt S to be examined has a maximum temperature of 1400 ° C, a eutectic at approx. 1100 ° C, a specific thermal conductivity of more than 0.3 W / cm.K and a product of specific weight and specific heat of less than 5 J / K.cm 3 .
  • the sample container 1 is advantageously produced from a heat-resistant material with an inorganic binder. At the high melt temperatures, organic binders develop decomposition products, which are often gaseous. These gases have a disruptive effect since they have to escape from sample 9 and would otherwise falsify the result of the analysis.
  • the decomposition reaction is endothermic or exothermic, so that the supply or removal of energy leads to incorrect values in the temperature measurement.
  • the decomposition products of organic binders are often harmful to the environment.
  • Organic binders mostly contain carbon, which leads to a change in the composition of the melt. inorganic
  • Binders contain no carbon, do not form gases and are mostly environmentally neutral.
  • quartz sand with a grain size of 0.3 to 0.8 mm is used as the material for the sample vessel.
  • binder for example based on sodium water glass, is added to the quartz sand as a binder.
  • the sample vessels 1 are produced on a system that works similarly to a core shooting system in a foundry. After the molding material has been fired into the mold with a firing pressure of approximately 5 bar, the sample vessels 1 are removed from the mold and cured.
  • the hardening can be done by drying, by gassing with carbon dioxide or by self-hardening if cement is used as a binding agent.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant d'analyser des masses en fusion et les corps solides produits à partir de ces masses. Le procédé selon l'invention comprend les étapes consistant à: placer un échantillon (9) relativement petit de la masse en fusion dans un récipient à échantillons (1) comportant au moins un capteur de température (4) et au moins une chambre à échantillon (2) pourvue de parois (3); acquérir la courbe température/temps de l'échantillon pendant le refroidissement; évaluer la courbe température/temps à l'aide d'un programme informatique; et déterminer l'état chimique et physique de la masse en fusion. La perméabilité aux gaz des parois (3) de la chambre à échantillon (2) peut être réglée de façon définie. L'invention concerne également un dispositif utilisé pour analyser des masses en fusion.
PCT/DE2003/000722 2002-03-05 2003-03-05 Procede et dispositif pour analyser des masses en fusion Ceased WO2003074996A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003233910A AU2003233910A1 (en) 2002-03-05 2003-03-05 Method and device for analyzing molten masses

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10209427.6 2002-03-05
DE10209427A DE10209427B4 (de) 2002-03-05 2002-03-05 Probengefäß zur Analyse von Schmelzen

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WO2003074996A2 true WO2003074996A2 (fr) 2003-09-12
WO2003074996A3 WO2003074996A3 (fr) 2004-03-04

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DE (1) DE10209427B4 (fr)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102207411A (zh) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-05 叶小舟 一种非接触式测温方法
JP2013140102A (ja) * 2012-01-05 2013-07-18 Denshi Rika Kogyo Kk 溶融金属の試料採取装置

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011232105A (ja) * 2010-04-26 2011-11-17 Nissabu Co Ltd 鋳鉄の熱分析用容器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102207411A (zh) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-05 叶小舟 一种非接触式测温方法
JP2013140102A (ja) * 2012-01-05 2013-07-18 Denshi Rika Kogyo Kk 溶融金属の試料採取装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10209427A1 (de) 2003-09-18
AU2003233910A1 (en) 2003-09-16
AU2003233910A8 (en) 2003-09-16
WO2003074996A3 (fr) 2004-03-04
DE10209427B4 (de) 2006-01-26

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