WO2003091296A1 - Initiatorzusammensetzung und verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation - Google Patents
Initiatorzusammensetzung und verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003091296A1 WO2003091296A1 PCT/EP2003/003900 EP0303900W WO03091296A1 WO 2003091296 A1 WO2003091296 A1 WO 2003091296A1 EP 0303900 W EP0303900 W EP 0303900W WO 03091296 A1 WO03091296 A1 WO 03091296A1
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- Prior art keywords
- styrene
- aluminum
- alkali metal
- initiator composition
- polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type
- C08F297/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the anionic type polymerising vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
- C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
- C07F5/062—Al linked exclusively to C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/46—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/54—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with other compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an initiator composition for anionic polymerization, comprising at least one alkali metal hydride selected from LiH, NaH and KH, and at least one aluminum organyl.
- the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the initiator composition, and a process for the anionic homo- or copolymerization of styrene monomers or diene monomers in the presence of the initiator composition, and the use of the initiator composition for the production of polymers.
- the invention relates to the polymers obtainable by the process, their use for the production of moldings, foils, fibers and foams, and the moldings, foils, fibers and foams from the polymers.
- Lewis acids and Lewis bases The influence of Lewis acids and Lewis bases on the rate of anionic polymerization of styrene was reported in Welch, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 82 (1960), pages 6000-6005. It was found, for example, that small amounts of Lewis bases such as ethers and amines accelerate the polymerization of styrene initiated by n-butyllithium at 30 ° C. in benzene, whereas Lewis acids such as zinc and aluminum alkyls reduce the rate of polymerization or in superstoichiometric amounts Amounts stop the polymerization. US Pat. No.
- the present invention represents a selection invention compared to WO-A 98/07765 in that hydrogen was selected for R 1 and aluminum for M 2 alone.
- the initiator composition according to the invention contains at least one alkali metal hydride selected from lithium hydride LiH, sodium hydride NaH and potassium hydride KH, as well as at least one aluminum organyl (organoaluminum compound).
- Aluminum organyls which can also be used are those which, through partial or complete hydrolysis, alcoholysis,
- the aluminum organyls are available in a manner known per se or can be obtained as commercial products.
- the molar ratio of alkali metal hydride (initiator) to aluminum organyl (retarder) can vary within wide limits. It depends, for example, on the desired retardation effect, the polymerization temperature, the type and amount (concentration) of the monomers used, and the desired molecular weight of the polymer.
- the molar ratio mentioned is expediently expressed as the molar ratio of aluminum to alkali metal, Al / Li or Al / Na or Al / K. In a preferred embodiment, it is 0.01: 1 to 5: 1, particularly preferably 0.1: 1 to 2: 1 and in particular 0.5: 1 to 1: 1.
- styrene it is also possible to add styrene to the initiator composition.
- an oligomeric polystyryl anion is obtained, at the chain end of which the metal organyls are complexed.
- Styrene is preferably used in amounts in the range from 10 to 1000 mol%, based on the alkali metal hydride.
- One or more types of monomers can be used, i.e. the process is suitable for homopolymerization and copolymerization.
- Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylene diamine, N, N, N', N ", N" -pentamethyl-diethylene-triamine, 1, 2-bis (piperidino) ethane, pyridine, N, N , N ', N', N ", N" -hexamethyltriethylenetriamine and phosphoric acid hexamethyltriamide.
- the polar compounds or Lewis bases act as an activator and in many cases increase the conversion of the polymerization reaction or increase the reaction rate. They are also able to control the proportions of the various vinyl linkages in the butadiene or isoprene polymer, see below, and thus influence the microstructure of the rubber. If they increase the reaction rate, their amount is expediently such that the reaction rate of the entire batch is lower than in an batch which is carried out without adding the retarding components. For this purpose, less than 500 mol%, preferably less than 200 mol% and in particular less than 100 mol% of the polar compound or Lewis base, based on the initiator composition, are used.
- Suitable solvents are the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons with 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isooctane, which are customary for anionic polymerization.
- the solvent should have the purity required for the process. To remove proton-active substances, it can be dried, for example, over aluminum oxide or molecular sieve and / or distilled before use.
- the solvent from the process is preferably reused after the condensation of the solvent gases and the cleaning mentioned.
- Solution polymerization is usually carried out at temperatures from 0 to 250, preferably 20 to 200 ° C.
- composition and amount of the organyl aluminum it is possible to adjust the retardation effect over a wide temperature range.
- initial monomer concentrations in the range from 50 to 100 percent by volume, in particular from 70 to 100 percent by volume polymerization can result, which lead to highly viscous polymer solutions and require higher temperatures at least at higher conversions.
- Suitable chain terminators are proton-active substances or Lewis acids such as water, alcohols such as methanol or isopropanol, aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids and inorganic acids such as carbonic acid or boric acid.
- the invention also relates to the polymers obtainable by the polymerization process.
- polymers are, for example, homopolymers such as polystyrene (PS or GPPS for general-purpose polystyrene), polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI).
- PS polystyrene
- PB polybutadiene
- PI polyisoprene
- copolymers are impact-resistant polystyrene (high impact polystyrene, HIPS) and styrene-butadiene block copolymers (SB polymers or PSB for short).
- the block structure is essentially created by first anionically polymerizing styrene alone, thereby forming a styrene block. After the styrene monomers have been used up, the monomer is changed by adding monomeric butadiene and polymerizing anionically to form a butadiene block (so-called sequential polymerization).
- the two-block polymer S-B obtained can be polymerized by renewed monomer change on styrene to a three-block polymer S-B-S, if desired.
- the two styrene blocks can be of the same size (same molecular weight, ie symmetrical structure S ⁇ _B-S ⁇ ) or different sizes (different molecular weight, ie asymmetrical structure S ⁇ _B-S).
- S ⁇ _B-S ⁇ the same size
- S ⁇ _B-S 2 _B different sizes
- S-BB or S-B ⁇ _B different molecular weight
- the indices for the block sizes are given above. The block sizes depend, for example, on the amounts of monomers used and the polymerization conditions.
- the block copolymers mentioned can have a linear structure (described above). However, branched or star-shaped structures are also possible and preferred for some applications. Branched block copolymers are obtained in a known manner, e.g. by grafting polymeric "side branches" onto a polymer backbone.
- Star-shaped block copolymers are e.g. formed by reacting the living anionic chain ends with an at least bifunctional coupling agent.
- Such coupling agents are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,985,830, 3,280,084, 3,637,554 and 4,091,053.
- Epoxidized glycerides e.g. epoxidized
- the rubber component can be prepared by the process according to the invention, or else by the prior art processes, for example by anionic polymerization using organolithium compounds or by radical polymerization.
- the rubber is generally present in solution in a solvent or monomeric styrene.
- the rubbers do not need to be separated from the solvent (although this is also possible). Rather, the rubber solution and solvent can be directly processed into HIPS.
- the polymer according to the invention is also a HIPS comprising rubber produced according to the invention, the styrene matrix being polymerized in the presence of the rubber by a process other than the process according to the invention.
- the HIPS according to the invention comprises those HIPS polymers in which either the rubber component or the styrene matrix or both components have been produced by the method according to the invention.
- Impact-resistant polystyrene molding compositions containing as rubber are particularly preferred according to the invention
- the polymer used is a three-block copolymer Si ⁇ BS 2 in which the styrene block Si has a weight-average molecular weight Mw of 20,000 to 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, the butadiene block B an Mw of 30,000 to 300,000, preferably 100,000 to 200,000, and the styrene block S 2 has an Mw of 1,000 to 100,000, preferably 5,000 to 30,000.
- the process according to the invention also permits control of the content of 1,2-vinyl linkages in the polybutadiene or polyisoprene. Since the mechanical properties of these polymers are also determined by the 1,2-vinyl content of the polybutadiene or polyisoprene, the process accordingly enables the production of polybutadiene, polyisoprene or styrene-butadiene block copolymers with tailor-made properties.
- a polyisoprene prepared in this way has a high content of 1,2-vinyl linkages, which gives a different property profile, in particular different mechanical properties.
- the polymers according to the invention are also distinguished by a low content of residual monomers or oligomers.
- This advantage is particularly important for the styrene-containing polymers PS, HIPS and P-S-B, because the low content of residual styrene monomers and styrene oligomers means subsequent degassing - e.g. on a degassing extruder, combined with higher costs and disadvantageous thermal damage to the polymer (depolymerization) - makes it superfluous.
- the polymers can contain conventional additives and processing aids, e.g. Lubricants or mold release agents, colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives or their mixtures.
- Lubricants or mold release agents colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives or their mixtures.
- colorants such as e.g. Pigments or dyes, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, fibrous and powdery fillers or reinforcing agents or antistatic agents, as well as other additives or their mixtures.
- Suitable lubricants and mold release agents are, for example, stearic acids, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid esters or amides, metal stearates, montan waxes and those based on polyethylene and polypropylene.
- Pigments are, for example, titanium dioxide, phthalocyanines, ultramarine blue, iron oxides or carbon black, and the class of organic pigments.
- Dyes are to be understood as all dyes which can be used for the transparent, semi-transparent or non-transparent coloring of polymers, in particular those which are suitable for coloring styrene copolymers. Dyes of this type are known to the person skilled in the art.
- antioxidants are, for example, sterically hindered phenols, hydroquinones, various substituted representatives of this group and mixtures thereof. They are commercially available as Topanol or Irganox.
- Suitable light stabilizers are e.g. various substituted resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles, benzophenones, HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers), such as those e.g. are commercially available as Tinuvin.
- fibrous or powdered fillers are carbon or glass fibers in the form of glass fabrics, glass mats or glass silk rovings, cut glass, glass balls and wollastonite, particularly preferably glass fibers. If glass fibers are used, these can be equipped with a size and an adhesion promoter for better compatibility with the blend components.
- the glass fibers can be incorporated both in the form of short glass fibers and in the form of endless strands (rovings).
- Suitable particulate fillers are carbon black, amorphous silica, magnesium carbonate (chalk), powdered quartz, mica, mica, bentonite, talc, feldspar or, in particular, calcium silicates such as wollastonite and kaolin.
- Suitable antistatic agents are, for example, amine derivatives such as N, N-is (hydroxyalkyl) alkylamines or alkylene amines, polyethylene glycol esters or glycerol mono- and distearates, and mixtures thereof.
- the individual additives are used in the usual amounts, so that further details are unnecessary.
- the molding compositions according to the invention can be produced by mixing processes known per se, for example by melting in an extruder, Banbury mixer, kneader, roller mill or calender. However, the components can also be used "cold” and the powdery or granular mixture is only melted and homogenized during processing.
- the components are preferably mixed in an extruder or other mixing device at temperatures of 100 to 320 ° C. while melting, and discharged.
- the use of an extruder is particularly preferred.
- Moldings including semi-finished products, foils, films and foams of all kinds can be produced from the molding compounds.
- the invention accordingly also relates to the use of the polymers according to the invention for the production of moldings, films, fibers and foams, and to the moldings, films, fibers and foams obtainable from the polymers.
- LiH Lithium hydride
- NaH sodium hydride
- the alkali metal hydride (type and amount see Table 1) was combined with a 1.0 molar solution of TIBA in toluene (amount of the solution see Table 1) at 25 ° C. with stirring and the mixture after adding toluene (amount see Table 1) stirred at 50 ° C for 24 hours. An initiator solution was obtained, which was used as such. The molar ratio of aluminum to alkali metal is given in Table 1. It was carried out in a glovebox under the rejection of moisture in a nitrogen atmosphere. Table 1: Initiator compositions
- THF Tetrahydofuran
- the molecular weights of the polymers given below were determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The details were as follows: eluent tetrahydrofuran; Flow rate 1.2 ml / min; RI or UV detector; three styrene-divinylbenzene gel separation columns (35 ° C., each 300 ⁇ 8 mm) PLgel Mixed B from Polymer Laboratories; Calibration with polystyrene standards, polyisoprene standards or polybutadiene standards depending on the polymer obtained.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the inconsistency M w / M n was calculated from M w and M n .
- the styrene content of the rubbers was determined by evaluating 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR nuclear magnetic resonance). The content of 1,2-vinyl linkages in the polybutadiene, in the polyisoprene or in the butadiene portion of the styrene-butadiene block copolymer was determined by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 2a) Production of polystyrene (PS)
- Example PS4 differs from example PS3 by the higher amount of monomer and the longer reaction time. In this way, polymers with a high molecular weight can be produced.
- the comparison of LiH (series PS1 to PS3) with NaH (series PS5 to PS7) shows that NaH delivers higher conversions and higher molecular weights than LiH, even in spite of the shorter polymerization time.
- the comparative examples PS8V and PS9V illustrate that the monomers do not polymerize (no conversion after 24 h) if - not according to the invention - LiH or NaH without aluminum organyl is used.
- the examples illustrate that the polyisoprene polymers have low inconsistency and tailored molecular weights.
- Example PI3 (with NaH) the conversion is higher than in Example PI1 (with LiH) despite the considerably shorter polymerization time.
- Linear block copolymers were produced by sequential polymerization of styrene or butadiene-styrene mixtures. For this purpose, 500 ml of cyclohexane were introduced and stirred.
- Table 4a summarizes the initiators, monomers and temperatures used in the individual blocks. The monomers and initiators for the next block were only added after the monomers for the previous block had been consumed. In Examples PSB1 and PSB2, the reaction was finally stopped with isopropanol.
- Table 4b also contains the block structure of the polymers obtained and the proportions by weight of the individual blocks in the block polymer.
- Star-shaped block copolymers were produced from the linear block copolymers PSB3 or PSB4 by coupling reaction of the living polymer chains, epoxidized linseed oil being used as coupling agent (Edenol® B316 from Henkel). In detail, the procedure was as described in WO-A 00/58380, Examples 6 to 8 on pages 8 to 9.
- tailor-made styrene-butadiene block copolymers can be prepared by appropriate monomer changes and initiators. They can be converted into star-shaped polymers.
- Styrene-butadiene block copolymers K were used as the rubber component, the block copolymers K1, K2 and K3 not being produced according to the invention using sec-butyllithium.
- K and K2 rubbers linear butadiene-styrene two-block copolymers B-S dissolved in monomeric styrene
- Rubber K3 linear styrene-butadiene-styrene three-block copolymer S-B-S dissolved in monomeric styrene
- the procedure was as described in DE-A 100 22 504, example K5 on page 5, lines 6-20.
- the molecular weights M w were: first styrene block 15,000, butadiene block 120,000, second styrene block 70,000.
- the HIPS was produced by continuous polymerization by polymerizing styrene by the process according to the invention in the presence of the above rubbers K1, K2 and K3 according to the following procedure.
- the initiator 13 for HI1 the initiator 16 for HI2
- the polystyrene matrix had a molecular weight M w of
- Example HI3 was repeated with the difference that the initiator 16 was used. 10
- the yield stress and the elongation at break were determined according to DIN 53455 at 23 ° C.
- the surface gloss was determined by measuring the gloss with a micro-TRI-gloss reflectometer from BYK-Gardner as reflectometer values according to DIN 67530 at 60 ° and 20 ° observation angle.
- the notched impact strength was carried out according to DIN 53753 at 23 ° C on 25 pressed plates 50x6x4 mm and 3 mm hole diameter.
- the heat resistance Vicat B of the samples was determined using the Vicat softening temperature.
- the Vicat softening temperature was determined according to DIN 53 460, method B, with a force of 30 49.05 N and a temperature increase of 50 K per hour on standard small bars.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE50311192T DE50311192D1 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation |
| MXPA04009240A MXPA04009240A (es) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Composicion iniciadora y proceso para polimerizacion anionica. |
| JP2003587852A JP2005523956A (ja) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | 開始剤組成物及びアニオン重合法 |
| KR10-2004-7016883A KR20040104575A (ko) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | 개시제 조성물 및 음이온 중합 방법 |
| EP03720470A EP1501879B1 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation |
| AU2003224074A AU2003224074A1 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Initiator composition and method for anionic polymerisation |
| US10/512,444 US7288612B2 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Initiator composition and method for anionic polymerisation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10218161A DE10218161A1 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | Initiatorzusammensetzung und Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation |
| DE10218161.6 | 2002-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003091296A1 true WO2003091296A1 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2003/003900 Ceased WO2003091296A1 (de) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-15 | Initiatorzusammensetzung und verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7288612B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1501879B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005523956A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20040104575A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1305917C (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE423148T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003224074A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10218161A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2320873T3 (de) |
| MX (1) | MXPA04009240A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003091296A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004104068A1 (de) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-12-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verbessertes verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von oxiranen |
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| DE10307058A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von α-Methylstyrol |
| DE102004008199A1 (de) | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-01 | Basf Ag | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von schlagzähem Polystyrol |
| DE102004008198A1 (de) * | 2004-02-18 | 2005-09-01 | Basf Ag | Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Herstellung von schlagzähem Polystyrol |
| PL2158233T3 (pl) | 2007-06-07 | 2019-04-30 | Albemarle Corp | Addukty, addukty i oligomery lub addukty, oligomery i polimery o małym ciężarze cząsteczkowym oraz ich wytwarzanie |
| KR20100057044A (ko) * | 2007-09-13 | 2010-05-28 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | 헤테로 원자를 함유하는 비닐계 단량체의 중합 |
| US7923392B2 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2011-04-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Crosslinked elastic material formed from a branched block copolymer |
| KR100970767B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-12 | 2010-07-16 | 금호석유화학 주식회사 | 방향족 유기황화합물로 기능화된 1,4-시스 폴리부타디엔 |
| US8993684B2 (en) | 2008-06-06 | 2015-03-31 | Albemarle Corporation | Low molecular weight brominated polymers, processes for their manufacture and their use in thermoplastic formulations |
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| WO2010065464A1 (en) | 2008-12-02 | 2010-06-10 | Albemarle Corporation | Bromination of telomer mixtures derived from toluene and styrene |
| JO3059B1 (ar) | 2009-05-01 | 2017-03-15 | Albemarle Corp | معالجة بالبروم لتراكيب بوليمرات عطرية ذات وزن جزيئي منخفض |
| US8753554B2 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2014-06-17 | Albemarle Corporation | Pelletized low molecular weight brominated aromatic polymer compositions |
| KR101268770B1 (ko) | 2009-11-10 | 2013-05-29 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이온안정성이 개선된 커플링 반응을 이용한 비닐 방향족 탄화수소-공액디엔 블록 공중합체의 제조방법 |
| US9327792B2 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2016-05-03 | Paha Designs, Llc | Gear transmission and derailleur system |
| WO2012101516A2 (en) | 2011-01-30 | 2012-08-02 | Dynasol Elastómeros, S.A.De C.V. | Tapered triblock copolymers |
| US8822597B2 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2014-09-02 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Increasing rubber phase volume in rubber-modified polystyrene |
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| US2915541A (en) * | 1952-04-21 | 1959-12-01 | Ziegler Karl | Production of alkyl aluminum hydrides and their complex compounds with alkali hydrides |
| GB947993A (en) * | 1961-10-18 | 1964-01-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for the polymerization of ª -olefins and polymerization catalysts |
| US3453093A (en) * | 1963-12-17 | 1969-07-01 | Ethyl Corp | Manufacture of bimetallic hydrides |
| EP0512310A1 (de) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-11-11 | Albemarle Corporation | Herstellung von Natriumaluminiumalkylverbindungen |
| WO1998007765A2 (de) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation |
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| US3655790A (en) * | 1970-02-09 | 1972-04-11 | Eugene C Ashby | Stable complexes of organomagnesiums with alkali metal hydrides |
| US3691241A (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1972-09-12 | Lithium Corp | Preparation of polymers and telomers using complexes of organomagnesiums with certain hydrides as catalysts |
| US3817955A (en) * | 1970-08-24 | 1974-06-18 | Gulf Resources & Chem Corp | Preparation of polymers using complexes of organomagnesiums with certain hydrides as catalysts |
| US3716495A (en) * | 1970-09-02 | 1973-02-13 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Polymerization initiator composition and use thereof |
| DE59702613D1 (de) * | 1996-08-19 | 2000-12-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von dienpolymerisatlösungen in vinylaromatischen monomeren |
| DE19806775A1 (de) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur retardierten anionischen Polymerisation |
| DE19806772A1 (de) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-08-19 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Initiatorzusammensetzung zur retardierten anionischen Polymerisation |
| DE10307058A1 (de) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur anionischen Polymerisation von α-Methylstyrol |
-
2002
- 2002-04-23 DE DE10218161A patent/DE10218161A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-04-15 KR KR10-2004-7016883A patent/KR20040104575A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-15 MX MXPA04009240A patent/MXPA04009240A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2003-04-15 JP JP2003587852A patent/JP2005523956A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-15 DE DE50311192T patent/DE50311192D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-15 US US10/512,444 patent/US7288612B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-15 EP EP03720470A patent/EP1501879B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-15 CN CNB038090716A patent/CN1305917C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-15 ES ES03720470T patent/ES2320873T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-15 WO PCT/EP2003/003900 patent/WO2003091296A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-04-15 AU AU2003224074A patent/AU2003224074A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-15 AT AT03720470T patent/ATE423148T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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| US2915541A (en) * | 1952-04-21 | 1959-12-01 | Ziegler Karl | Production of alkyl aluminum hydrides and their complex compounds with alkali hydrides |
| GB947993A (en) * | 1961-10-18 | 1964-01-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Process for the polymerization of ª -olefins and polymerization catalysts |
| US3453093A (en) * | 1963-12-17 | 1969-07-01 | Ethyl Corp | Manufacture of bimetallic hydrides |
| EP0512310A1 (de) * | 1991-05-03 | 1992-11-11 | Albemarle Corporation | Herstellung von Natriumaluminiumalkylverbindungen |
| WO1998007765A2 (de) * | 1996-08-19 | 1998-02-26 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation |
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| WO2004104068A1 (de) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-12-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verbessertes verfahren zur anionischen polymerisation von oxiranen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1501879B1 (de) | 2009-02-18 |
| DE10218161A1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
| MXPA04009240A (es) | 2005-03-07 |
| EP1501879A1 (de) | 2005-02-02 |
| KR20040104575A (ko) | 2004-12-10 |
| ATE423148T1 (de) | 2009-03-15 |
| DE50311192D1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
| CN1305917C (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
| AU2003224074A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
| CN1646580A (zh) | 2005-07-27 |
| JP2005523956A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
| US20060058177A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
| ES2320873T3 (es) | 2009-05-29 |
| US7288612B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 |
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