WO2003102472A1 - Procede et appareil associes a une chaudiere electrique - Google Patents

Procede et appareil associes a une chaudiere electrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003102472A1
WO2003102472A1 PCT/FI2003/000436 FI0300436W WO03102472A1 WO 2003102472 A1 WO2003102472 A1 WO 2003102472A1 FI 0300436 W FI0300436 W FI 0300436W WO 03102472 A1 WO03102472 A1 WO 03102472A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power boiler
power
solid fuel
fed
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2003/000436
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tero Joronen
Pekka Niemi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Automation Oy
Original Assignee
Metso Automation Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metso Automation Oy filed Critical Metso Automation Oy
Priority to AU2003232267A priority Critical patent/AU2003232267A1/en
Publication of WO2003102472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003102472A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55006—Measuring material flow rates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/10—Generating vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • a method in connection with a power boiler in which method a variable expressing the fuel power of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler is determined.
  • the invention relates to an apparatus in connection with a power boiler, which apparatus is arranged to determine a variable expressing the fuel power of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler.
  • Fuels used in power boilers include oil, gas and solid fuels. Solid fuels include coal, peat, biofuels as well as different municipal wastes and sorted wastes.
  • the operating principle of a power boiler can be based on combusting only oil, gas or solid wastes, but often different fuels can be combusted in the same power boiler.
  • the combustion techniques of power boilers combusting solid fuels can vary. Presently, the most common combustion techniques of power boilers combusting solid fuels are pulverized fuel combustion, grate combustion and fluidized bed combustion.
  • Variations in the quality and the feed of solid fuel cause a problem in power boilers using solid fuel, resulting in variation in the fuel power of the solid fuel.
  • the fuel power of solid fuel can be expressed as the heat rate of solid fuel or the calorific value of solid fuel obtained on the basis of the heat rate and of the measurements of the amount of fuel to be fed.
  • the amount of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler is controlled on the basis of the fuel power of the fuel. Variation in the fuel power of the fuel makes it more difficult to control the amount of fuel to be fed to the boiler in such a way that the desired power is achieved.
  • the variation in the quality of solid fuel may be due to the properties of the fuel sources, such as variation in the properties of different coal types.
  • variation in the humidity of the fuel causes variation in the quality of the fuel.
  • the humidity of the fuel can be measured in a laboratory, but it takes too long to determine the humidity in order to use this information in controlling the fuel feeding efficiently.
  • Variations in the fuel feeding are, in general, due to disturbances in fuel feeding systems. Although the amount of fuel to be fed to the boiler can be measured reliably, determining the fuel power of the fuel in a laboratory takes about 24 hours, which is again too long a time for efficient control of the fuel feeding.
  • the heat rate of solid fuel is calculated either on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler or on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler. With neither manner of calculation is it possible, however, to determine the heat rate or calorific value of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler in such a way that the fuel feeding could be controlled accurately.
  • the heat rate or calorific value of the fuel is calculated on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler, a problem is caused by the long delays due to the water store and heat exchange of the power boiler, whereby the final result must be filtered quite a lot so that the process dynamics would not affect the calculation.
  • the heat rate or calorific value of the fuel is calculated on the basis of the oxygen amount bound to the burning, the problem is the inaccuracy and unreliability of the determined final result.
  • US publication 4 909 037 discloses a method of controlling the fuel feeding of a coal boiler on the basis of the direct energy balance of the boiler.
  • the boiler output is determined on the basis of the steam pressure
  • the amount of fuel to be fed to the boiler is measured
  • the desired boiler output is determined for the boiler.
  • an error signal is calculated on the basis of which the fuel feeding is controlled.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel and more accurate method and apparatus than previously for determining a variable expressing the fuel power of solid fuel.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by determining the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler; determining the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler; and determining the variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler on the basis of the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance of the power boiler and the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the apparatus is arranged to determine the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler; to determine the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler; and to determine the variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler on the basis of the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance of the power boiler and the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler is determined by determining the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler; determining the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler; and determining the variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler on the basis of the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance of the power boiler and the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the heat rate or calorific value of the solid fuel for instance, can be used as the variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel.
  • the amount of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler is further controlled on the basis of the variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler.
  • the calorific value of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler is determined by determining the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler; determining the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance of the power boiler and the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler; determining the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the basis of the heat rate of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler and the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler; and determining the calorific value of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler on the basis of the calorific value of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance of the power boiler and the calorific value of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler by determining the steam power of the power boiler and determining the heat rate of the power boiler on the basis of the steam power of the power boiler and the combustion efficiency of the power boiler.
  • the effect of one or more fuels fed to the power boiler and having known fuel power on the heat rate determined from the energy balance of the power boiler is modelled; and on the basis of the modelling, the effect of one or more fuels fed to the power boiler and having known fuel power on the heat rate of the power boiler is compensated for.
  • the effect of the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the steam power of the power boiler is modelled; and on the basis of the modelling, the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined from the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler.
  • the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler in such a way that the oxygen consumption of the power boiler is determined on the basis of the oxygen content of flue gases, and the heat rate of the power boiler is determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the effect of one or more fuels fed to the power boiler and having known fuel power on the heat rate of the power boiler determined from the oxygen consumption is modelled, and on the basis of the modelling, the effect of one or more fuels fed to the power boiler and having known fuel power on the heat rate of the power boiler is compensated for.
  • the effect of the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the heat rate determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler is modelled; and on the basis of the modelling, the calorific value of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler is determined from the heat rate of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the fuel power of the solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler can be determined quickly and accurately.
  • the invention thus combines the advantages of the fuel power determined on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler and those of the fuel power determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the fuel power of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance is very accurate, and on the basis of the oxygen consumption, the fuel power of the solid fuel can be determined very quickly.
  • the solution can also be used in connection with such power boilers where not only solid fuel but also oil and/or gas, for example, is combusted.
  • Modelling the effect of the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the steam power of the power boiler allows the delay relating to the fuel ignition, burning and boiler masses as well as the time constant in the heat exchange of the boiler to be taken into account.
  • modelling the effect of the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler on the heat rate determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler allows the delay relating to the fuel ignition and burning to be taken into account in the calorific value of the solid fuel calculated on the basis of the oxygen consumption. Further, on the basis of the quick and accurate fuel power of the solid fuel, the amount of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler can be controlled accurately.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a side view of a power boiler
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a solution for determining the calorific value of solid fuel to be fed to a power boiler.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a side view of a power boiler 1 , in connection with which the solution for determining a variable expressing the fuel power of solid fuel SF to be fed to a power boiler, such as heat rate P S F [MW] or calorific value H S F [MJ/JG], can be used.
  • the calorific value H S F of the solid fuel SF is a variable which is not an absolute value but which is proportioned to the feeding amount of fuel, i.e. to a signal expressing the fuel flow, whereby other typical units expressing the calorific value H S F of the solid fuel SF include [MJ/kg], [MJ/%], [MJ/m 3 ].
  • the power boiler 1 shown in Figure 1 is a fluidized bed boiler, in the furnace 2 of which there is a sand bed 3 functioning as the grate of the boiler 1. Further, the power boiler according to Figure 1 comprises a drum 4, an evaporator 5, a superheater 6 and a flue gas duct 7.
  • the solid fuel SF of the power boiler 1 is fed to the furnace 2 of the power boiler 1 above the sand bed 3 along a supply channel 8 for the solid fuel SF.
  • the fuel can be fed to the power boiler 1 by using, for example, a feed screw 9, which is driven by a motor 10.
  • a large variety of fuels of different types can be used as the solid fuel SF, for instance coal, peat, biofuels and different municipal wastes or sorted wastes.
  • the solid fuel SF to be fed to the power boiler 1 may comprise only one fuel type, or the fuel to be fed may comprise several fuel types that have been mixed with each other or that have mixed with each other.
  • oil or gas may be used as the fuel.
  • the power boiler 1 comprises an air duct 11 , along which burning air BA used for fuel combustion and blast air PA needed for fluidizing the sand bed 3 in the boiler 1 are conducted to the power boiler 1.
  • the burning air BA required for combusting fuel is conducted above the sand bend along a first branch 11a of the air duct 11 , the blast air PA fluidizing the sand bed 3 being conducted below the sand bed along a second branch 11 b of the air duct 11.
  • the blast air PA fluidizing the sand bed 3 naturally also functions as the burning air of the power boiler.
  • the burning air BA and the blast air PA form together supply air SA to be fed to the power boiler 1 , and the supply air SA is conducted to the power boiler 1 via a supply-air SA economizer 12 arranged in the flue gas duct 7, the supply-air (SA) economizer 12 using heat energy of flue gases SG generated in the fuel burning for heating the supply air SA.
  • the power boiler 1 comprises a supply water line 13 for feeding supply water SW to the drum 4.
  • the supply water line 13 is conducted through a supply-water SW economizer 14 arranged in the flue gas duct 7, and the supply water SW is heated in the economizer close to the saturation point with heat energy of the flue gases SG.
  • the supply water SW is conducted in the direction of arrow A to the evaporator 5, where the energy generated when the fuel burns vaporizes the supply water SW into steam ST.
  • the steam ST returns to the drum 4.
  • the steam ST is further conducted through the superheater 6 arranged in the flue gas duct 7 along a steam channel 15 to a turbine outside the power boiler 1 , which turbine rotates a generator.
  • the steam ST is conducted to a condenser, where it condenses into water and from where it is usually further returned to the drum 4 as supply water SW.
  • Figure 1 does not show the turbine, the generator or the condenser, nor one or more preheaters possibly comprised by the power boiler 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of one exemplary power boiler 1.
  • the structure and operating principle of the power boiler 1 can vary in a plurality of ways.
  • a circulating bed boiler can be used as the power boiler 1 , in which case the blast air PA is fed as such an intensive flow to the furnace 2 of the power boiler 1 that it carries sand and fuel with it from the furnace 2, whereby the solid particles that have exited from the furnace with the blast must be separated in a particular separator and returned to the furnace.
  • Any other boilers intended for combusting solid fuels can also be used as the power boiler 1.
  • the drum 4 in connection with the boiler can be replaced with flow-through of supply water SW, in which case the boiler is a once-through boiler.
  • the structure and operating principle of different power boilers are known as such to a person skilled in the art, and they are not described in more detail here.
  • FIG. 2 and the following example show schematically, in the form of a block diagram, one solution for determining a variable expressing the fuel power of the solid fuel SF to be fed to the power boiler 1.
  • the fuel power of the fuel is expressed as a calorific value HSF of the fuel, which is determined by means of both the calorific value HEB of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance EB of the power boiler 1 and the calorific value H 02 of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption 02 of the power boiler 1.
  • the first step is to determine the steam power PST [MW] of the power boiler 1.
  • the steam power PST of the power boiler 1 is determined on the basis of the difference between the enthalpies of the supply water SW of the power boiler 1 and of the steam ST exiting from the power boiler 1 , as well as the flow of the steam ST.
  • the enthalpy of the supply water SW of the power boiler 1 is calculated on the basis of the temperature Tsw [°C] and the pressure p sw [MPa] of the supply water SW.
  • the temperature T S w [°C] and the pressure p sw [MPa] of the supply water SW are measured with temperature and pressure sensors known as such from the supply water line 13 before feeding the supply water to the power boiler 1 , i.e. in the case of Figure 1 before the economizer 14 of the supply water.
  • the enthalpy of the steam ST exiting from the power boiler 1 is calculated on the basis of the temperature TST [°C] and the pressure P S T [MPa] of the steam ST, which variables are measured with temperature and pressure sensors known as such from the steam channel 15 after the superheater 6. If the power boiler comprises one or more preheaters, their effect is taken into account also in the determination of the power P S ⁇ of the steam ST. Multiplying the enthalpy difference of the steam ST and the supply water SW by the volume [kg/s] of the steam ST flow yields the steam power P S T of the power boiler 1.
  • the calorific value HEB of the solid fuel determined on the basis of the energy balance is obtained by dividing the above-determined heat rate P E B of the solid fuel by the amount M S F of solid fuel fed to the power boiler 1.
  • the amount of solid fuel fed to the power boiler 1 is obtained on the basis of the speed of rotation of the motor 10 rotating the feed screw 9, for example.
  • the delay and time constant relating to the drum 4 and heat exchange of the power boiler 1 are long, the heat power of the fuel fed to the power boiler 1 can be seen in the steam power P S ⁇ of the power boiler 1 only after a long time.
  • the duration of the delay is typically 30 to 150 seconds, the time constant being typically a few minutes. Therefore, the effect of the delay and the time constant must be taken into account, i.e. compensated for, when the calorific value of the fuel is determined.
  • the common effect of the delay and the time constant is indicated here by ⁇ t.
  • the effect ⁇ t of the delay and the time constant can be compensated for by means of a process model expressing the operation of the power boiler 1 and the fuel combustion.
  • the steam ST temperature Ts ⁇ (to) measurement, the flow volume F S ⁇ (to) measurement and the pressure ps ⁇ (to) measurement as well as the supply water SW temperature Ts ⁇ (to) measurement and the pressure psw measurement psw(to) corresponding to a certain moment of measurement are directed at that moment of time t 0 - ⁇ t when the solid fuel having generated the steam power Ps ⁇ (to) corresponding to the measurements has been fed to the power boiler 1.
  • ⁇ t corresponds to the time that it takes from moment t 0 - ⁇ t at which a given amount of solid fuel SF has been fed to the power boiler 1 until the moment at which the steam power Ps ⁇ (to) corresponding to this amount of fuel exits from the power boiler 1.
  • Variable ⁇ t comprises the time from the feeding of the fuel until its ignition, the combustion time of the fuel and the time until the heat power of the fuel has changed to power PST of steam ST at the outlet of the power boiler 1.
  • the process model is a dynamic model expressing the dynamic behaviour of the operation of the power boiler 1.
  • the process model allows determination of the calorific value HEB of the solid fuel on the basis of the energy balance EB of the power boiler 1 when the amount M S F of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler 1 at moment to- ⁇ t and the heat rate PEB of the solid fuel corresponding to moment to are known.
  • the oxygen amount bound to the fuel combustion correlating to a great extent with the heat power of the fuel, is determined.
  • the determination of oxygen consumption is not affected by the water store, bed material or heat exchange of the boiler, but only by the delays and time constants relating to the combustion and the oxygen measurement.
  • the heat rate P 0 2 of the solid fuel based on the oxygen consumption of the power boiler 1 is determined, the total amount F SA [kg/s] of the supply air SA fed to the boiler 1 and the oxygen content O2 S G [%] of the flue gases SG exiting from the boiler 1 are measured.
  • the total amount F S A of the supply air SA to be fed to the boiler 1 can be measured for example with venturi measurement known as such from the air duct 11 , in the example of Figure 1 before the economizer 12 of the supply air SA.
  • the oxygen content O2SG of the flue gases SG exiting from the boiler 1 can be measured from the flue gas duct 7 with a ZrO 2 sensor, for example.
  • the heat rate P 02 of the power boiler 1 calculated on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler 1 can be calculated in a manner known as such to a person skilled in the art from the formula
  • k is typical oxygen consumption [kg/MW] for a fuel.
  • the delay and time constant between the total amount Fs A ⁇ f supply air fed to the power boiler 1 and the measurement of the oxygen content O2 S G of the flue gas corresponding to it can be taken into account.
  • the effect of the delay and the time constant is about 20 to 40 seconds and depends on the dimensioning and load of the boiler. If, in addition to solid fuel, also oil and/or gas and/or another fuel having known fuel power is/are used in the power boiler 1 , their effect is eliminated from the heat rate P 0 2 of the power boiler 1 in the manner described above, which yields the heat rate P02 calculated on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the solid fuel SF.
  • the calorific value H 02 calculated on the basis of the oxygen consumption is obtained by dividing the heat rate P 02 of the solid fuel, determined above, by the amount M S F of the solid fuel fed to the power boiler 1.
  • the process model makes it possible to take into account the delay and the time constant that it takes for the fuel fed to the furnace to ignite and burn and for the flue gases generated in the combustion to flow out of the boiler 1.
  • the calorific value H S F of the solid fuel SF to be fed to the power boiler 1 is determined from the calorific value H E B of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance EB of the power boiler 1 and from the calorific value H 02 of the solid fuel determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption 02 of the power boiler 1 as a function of the two calorific values
  • HSF f (HEB, H 02 ), (2)
  • the solution combines the advantages of the calorific value determined on the basis of the energy balance of the power boiler and the calorific value determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption of the power boiler.
  • the calorific value HEB of the solid fuel can be determined very accurately; in other words, the calorific value level of the solid fuel can be determined very accurately.
  • the calorific value of the solid fuel can be determined very quickly, and the value is not affected by the delays and time constants caused by the boiler masses.
  • the calorific value determined on the basis of the oxygen consumption is not quite as accurate as the calorific value determined on the basis of the energy balance, but it allows easy detection of quick changes in the calorific value H S F of the solid fuel SF to be fed to the power boiler.
  • a control signal CO S F is determined in a control device 17, on the basis of which signal the rotation speed of the motor 10 operating the feed screw 9, for example, is controlled, the amount of solid fuel SF to be fed to the power boiler 1 being controlled at the same time.
  • the calorific value H S F of the solid fuel SF determined according to an embodiment is used for controlling the amount of fuel to be fed to the power boiler 1 in such a way that the calorific value H E B of the solid fuel SF determined on the basis of the energy balance EB of the power boiler 1 is set as the datum level for the calorific value HSF of the solid fuel, on the basis of which the set value MSFSP for the amount of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler 1 is calculated.
  • the calorific value H 0 2 of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption 02 of the power boiler 1 it is, in turn, determined how much the amount of fuel fed to the boiler 1 must be changed from the set value Msp due to variations in the calorific value of the fuel.
  • the amount of solid fuel to be fed to the power boiler 1 can be controlled very accurately both when the quality of the fuel varies and when there are disturbances in the fuel feeding.
  • the solution can further be used for controlling the total air amount SA to be fed to the power boiler 1 or the amount of burning air BA, for controlling the amount of supply water SW or for controlling the temperature of the superheated steam.
  • the determined calorific value of the solid fuel can be used for controlling the fuel feeding also in cases where the power of a group of several power boilers is controlled by adjusting the amount of fuel to be fed to one boiler.
  • the variable expressing the fuel power, determined in accordance with the solution can be used for controlling steam consumption or electricity production.
  • the heat rate P SF of the fuel can be determined on the basis of the example shown in Figure 2 and described above as a function of the heat rate PEB of the solid fuel determined from the energy balance of the power boiler and the heat rate P 02 of the solid fuel determined from the oxygen consumption of the power boiler
  • the functions shown in the block diagram of Figure 2 are implemented with devices of the automation system of the power boiler 1 , such as computers or other specific-purpose calculation and/or monitoring and control devices.
  • the functions shown in the block diagram of Figure 2 can be implemented in a centralized manner, for instance in a data-processing device 16 shown schematically in Figure 1 , into which the functions of the control device 17 can be integrated.
  • the functions requiring calculation are preferably implemented by software.
  • Each function of Figures 1 and 2 requiring calculation can naturally be implemented in separate calculation units or devices, but preferably all functions requiring calculation are implemented together in a centralized calculation unit or device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé et un appareil associés à une chaudière électrique (1) et permettant de déterminer une variable exprimant l'énergie de fusion d'un combustible solide (SF) alimentant la chaudière électrique (1). La variable exprimant l'énergie de fusion du combustible solide (SF) alimentant la chaudière électrique (1) est déterminée sur la base du rendement thermique (PEB) du combustible solide (SF) déterminé à partir du bilan énergétique (EB) de la chaudière électrique (1) et sur la base du rendement thermique (PO2) du combustible solide (SF) déterminé à partir de la consommation d'oxygène (O2) de ladite chaudière (1).
PCT/FI2003/000436 2002-06-03 2003-06-02 Procede et appareil associes a une chaudiere electrique Ceased WO2003102472A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003232267A AU2003232267A1 (en) 2002-06-03 2003-06-02 Method and apparatus in connection with a power boiler

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20021059A FI114116B (fi) 2002-06-03 2002-06-03 Menetelmä ja laitteisto voimakattilan yhteydessä
FI20021059 2002-06-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003102472A1 true WO2003102472A1 (fr) 2003-12-11

Family

ID=8564068

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2003/000436 Ceased WO2003102472A1 (fr) 2002-06-03 2003-06-02 Procede et appareil associes a une chaudiere electrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003232267A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI114116B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003102472A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005004082A1 (de) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-10 Energy Systems & Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Entsorgung und/oder Nutzung von unterschiedlichen Stoffen mittels stationärer Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlagen für kleine Leistungen mit integrierter Nutzung der Abgase
EP1785786A1 (fr) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-16 Lentjes GmbH Régulation de la puissance d'un four
EP1832810A1 (fr) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-12 ABB Technology AG Contrôle d'un procédé de combustion des déchets
EP2687782A3 (fr) * 2012-07-21 2015-10-07 Tadeusz Bak Procédé de production d'électricité et de chaleur dans un processus de conversion thermique de différents types de déchets dans une installation intégrée et installation intégrée pour la production d'électricité

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4909037A (en) * 1989-08-31 1990-03-20 General Signal Corporation Control system for once-through boilers
US5230293A (en) * 1991-02-22 1993-07-27 Von Roll Ag Method and apparatus for controlling a refuse incineration plant
WO2001025690A1 (fr) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-12 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de commande d'une usine d'incineration, telle qu'une installation d'incineration de dechets
WO2002029326A1 (fr) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-11 Swedish Bioburner System Aktiebolag Procede de commande automatique d'un bruleur a combustible solide

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4909037A (en) * 1989-08-31 1990-03-20 General Signal Corporation Control system for once-through boilers
US5230293A (en) * 1991-02-22 1993-07-27 Von Roll Ag Method and apparatus for controlling a refuse incineration plant
WO2001025690A1 (fr) * 1999-10-04 2001-04-12 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Systeme de commande d'une usine d'incineration, telle qu'une installation d'incineration de dechets
WO2002029326A1 (fr) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-11 Swedish Bioburner System Aktiebolag Procede de commande automatique d'un bruleur a combustible solide

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SCHOLZ REINHARD, vol. 2, 2001, TEUBNER - REIHE UMWELT, STUTTGART, ISBN: 3-519-00402-X, article "Abfallbehandlung in thermischen Verfahren" *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005004082A1 (de) * 2005-01-28 2006-08-10 Energy Systems & Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Entsorgung und/oder Nutzung von unterschiedlichen Stoffen mittels stationärer Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlagen für kleine Leistungen mit integrierter Nutzung der Abgase
DE102005004082B4 (de) * 2005-01-28 2008-06-26 Energy Systems & Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Anlage zur thermischen Entsorgung und/oder Nutzung von unterschiedlichen Stoffen mittels stationärer Wirbelschichtfeuerungsanlagen für kleine Leistungen mit integrierter Nutzung der Abgasenergie
EP1785786A1 (fr) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-16 Lentjes GmbH Régulation de la puissance d'un four
EP1832810A1 (fr) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-12 ABB Technology AG Contrôle d'un procédé de combustion des déchets
US8489241B2 (en) 2006-03-09 2013-07-16 Abb Technology Ag Controlling a waste combustion process
EP2687782A3 (fr) * 2012-07-21 2015-10-07 Tadeusz Bak Procédé de production d'électricité et de chaleur dans un processus de conversion thermique de différents types de déchets dans une installation intégrée et installation intégrée pour la production d'électricité

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003232267A1 (en) 2003-12-19
FI20021059A0 (fi) 2002-06-03
FI114116B (fi) 2004-08-13
FI20021059A7 (fi) 2003-12-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103115356B (zh) 超临界cfb锅炉燃烧信号的监测方法及优化控制方法
CN101162883B (zh) 稳定电网频率的方法和设备
CN101449040B (zh) 煤气复合发电系统及其运转控制方法
WO1987007358A1 (fr) Systeme de regulation de combustion
CN102385356A (zh) 一种烧结余热发电系统的优化控制方法
WO2008056790A1 (fr) Système de génération de puissance de turbine à gaz et procédé de détection de son anomalie de calorie
Bujak Heat recovery from thermal treatment of medical waste
KR101739678B1 (ko) 가스화 발전 플랜트의 제어장치, 가스화 발전 플랜트, 및 가스화 발전 플랜트의 제어방법
WO2013084735A1 (fr) Système de gazéification de combustible, procédé de commande et programme de commande associés, et système à cycle combiné de gazéification de combustible et génération de courant l'utilisant
US5020451A (en) Fluidized-bed combustion furnace
WO2003102472A1 (fr) Procede et appareil associes a une chaudiere electrique
JP6803747B2 (ja) ミル分級機の回転数制御装置、及びこれに好適な燃料比算定装置
CN114568031A (zh) 废弃物燃烧装置以及废弃物燃烧方法
JP2011149658A (ja) 循環流動層ボイラの運転制御方法
JP5359384B2 (ja) 循環流動層ボイラの運転制御方法および運転制御装置
KR101735989B1 (ko) 가스화 발전 플랜트의 제어 장치, 가스화 발전 플랜트, 및 가스화 발전 플랜트의 제어 방법
JP5151921B2 (ja) 二塔式ガス化装置による複合発電方法及び装置
JP2017110165A (ja) ガス化装置及びガス化装置の制御装置、ガス化複合発電設備
JP4942788B2 (ja) 焼却炉の制御装置
CN100487311C (zh) 废弃物的焚烧设备
JP4099195B2 (ja) ボイラ設備を持たないごみ焼却炉の燃焼制御方式
Dahl-Soerensen et al. Pulverized fuel control using biased flow measurements
JP2002122317A (ja) ごみ焼却炉の燃焼制御方式
Yan et al. Optimizing Two-Phase Flow Heat Transfer: DCS Hybrid Modeling and Automation in Coal-Fired Power Plant Boilers
JP2006125759A (ja) 焼却炉の運転制御装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP