WO2003102709A2 - Regulateur de tension multimode - Google Patents

Regulateur de tension multimode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003102709A2
WO2003102709A2 PCT/US2003/015976 US0315976W WO03102709A2 WO 2003102709 A2 WO2003102709 A2 WO 2003102709A2 US 0315976 W US0315976 W US 0315976W WO 03102709 A2 WO03102709 A2 WO 03102709A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
load
low
voltage regulator
current
pass device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2003/015976
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003102709A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas James Barber, Jr.
Stacy Ho
Paul Ferguson, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Analog Devices Inc
Original Assignee
Analog Devices Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Analog Devices Inc filed Critical Analog Devices Inc
Priority to EP03731288A priority Critical patent/EP1514163B1/fr
Priority to DE60311098T priority patent/DE60311098T2/de
Publication of WO2003102709A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003102709A2/fr
Publication of WO2003102709A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003102709A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/575—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045—Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a multimode voltage regulator for improving efficiency in both low and high power modes.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • portable systems have an active state where the power supply is required to provide the full operating current (high power mode) and a standby state that requires minimal operating current (low power mode).
  • the power supply is required to provide the full operating current, but when the digital engine is not processing data the power supply is required to provide only leakage current.
  • the terminal may be active less than 0.1% of the time.
  • LDOs low dropout voltage regulators
  • standard LDOs exhibit poor efficiency as the difference between input and output voltage is increased.
  • DC/DC converter architectures have been proposed for portable systems to improve the efficiency of portable systems. These DC/DC converters tend to have low efficiency at the extremely low current loads ( ⁇ 200 ⁇ A) associated with leakage conditions.
  • DC/DC converters tend to have either large output voltage ripple or slow voltage transient response.
  • a linear regulator is often required either to provide a stable supply at extremely low current loads, to provide additional rejection of power supply noise, or to provide additional rejection of load noise.
  • the invention results from the realization that an improved voltage regulator which has high efficiency in both high and low power modes can be effected by selectively operating high power and low power pass devices using high power and low power drivers in response to a single error amplifier output to optimize the efficiency in the high power and low power modes.
  • This invention features a multimode voltage regulator including a low current pass device and a high current pass device each adapted for connection between the power supply and the load.
  • An error amplifier is responsive to a difference between a reference voltage and a function of the voltage on the load to produce an error signal.
  • a low power driver responsive in a low load power mode to an error signal operates the low current pass device to provide low power to the load and a high power driver responsive in a high load power mode to an error signal operates the high current pass device to provide high power to the load for maintaining efficiency over high and low load power demands.
  • the low power driver may be on in both a high power mode and low power mode.
  • the high power driver may be on only in the high power mode.
  • the high power driver may include a control terminal for turning it on during a high power mode and off during a low power mode.
  • the low power driver may include a control terminal for turning it on during a low power mode and off during a high power mode.
  • the pass devices may be transistors.
  • the low pass device may have a smaller active area and the high pass device a larger active area, relatively speaking.
  • the error amplifier may include a current source, a differential pair and a current mirror.
  • the low power driver may include a non-inverting driver circuit.
  • the high power driver may include a non-inverting driver circuit with a dynamic bias boost system for dynamically increasing the current output of the high power driver in the high low power mode.
  • There may be a DC/DC converter between the power supply and the high current pass device.
  • There may be a compensation circuit connected between the input of the high power driver and the output of the high pass device.
  • There may be a voltage divider connected between the output of the high pass device and the error amplifier to produce the function of the voltage on the load.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of a prior voltage regulator
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a multimode voltage regulator according to this invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a more detailed schematic diagram of the error amplifier of Fig.
  • a conventional voltage regulator 10 which regulates the voltage between a power supply, battery, 12 and the load 14 which typically has associated with it a filter such as capacitor 16.
  • Voltage regulators of the type of voltage regulator 10 are shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,631,598 and include a single driver 18 and an error amplifier 20.
  • Driver 18 operates a pass device such as MOSFET 22, connected between a power supply, battery, 12 and load 14.
  • Output voltage V ou t is a function of resistor divider 26, consisting of resistors 28 and 30, in the feedback loop consisting of error amplifier 20, driver 18, filter capacitor 16, load 14, compensation capacitor 24 and resistor divider 26.
  • Compensation capacitor 24 provides frequency compensation to stabilize the loop as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,631,598.
  • any difference in the voltage inputs on error amplifier 20 produces an output to driver 18 causing it to operate pass device 22 to increase or decrease the current to maintain the voltage output, V out , constant to load 14.
  • the pass device 22 must be sized large enough to drive the maximum load 14. So the output impedance of driver 18 must be low enough to drive the gate of pass device 22 fast enough to track changes in the load 14 or input voltage, Vin. To provide that low output impedance in driver 18 there is required a high bias current. While the high bias current is consistent with efficient operation in high load conditions, it is not in low load conditions.
  • multimode regulator 50 Fig. 2, according to this invention there is employed two pass devices, high current pass device 52 and low current pass device 54, each of which is interconnected between power supply battery 56 and load 57.
  • Low current pass device 54 is driven by low power driver 58 while the high current pass device 52 is driven by high power driver 60.
  • Multimode regulator 50 requires only a single compensation circuit, capacitor 62, and a single error amplifier 64.
  • a voltage divider 66 including resistors 68 and 70.
  • a filter, capacitor 72 is also associated with load 57.
  • Regulator 50 thus uses a single error amplifier and single compensation circuit 62 thereby eliminating the chip space required for a second error amplifier and compensation circuit.
  • high power driver 60 responds to an error signal from error amplifier 64 to drive high current pass device 52 to supply power to load 57.
  • low power driver 58 responds to an error signal from error amplifier 64 to drive low current pass device to provide power to load 57.
  • high power driver 60 need only be on when it is necessary to supply high power through high current pass device 52 to load 57 and does not have to be on during the low power mode which would reduce efficiency.
  • Low power driver 58 is on during low power mode of operation and can be left on or turned off in the high power mode since the small drain of its bias current would have little effect on the overall efficiency in high power mode.
  • Each of drivers 58 and 60 have a control terminal 74, 76 respectively, which typically receives a digital signal to turn it on or turn it off in accordance with the expected constitution of the load, that is whether the load is low or high, respectively.
  • nDC DC is the efficiency of DC/DC and is the absolute source drain voltage of device 52 (high current pass device).
  • Error amplifier 64, Fig. 3 may be a differential amplifier with a differential input and single ended output. There may be a current source 90 which biases differential pair 92 and a current mirror 94 which operates in the conventional manner.
  • Low power driver 58 may be implemented with a non- inverting driver circuit , Fig. 4, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,225,857. Viin the input from error amplifier 64 is provided at the gate of transistor 100 whose drain is connected directly to the gate of transistor 102 and through resistance Rf through feedback resistor 104 to the drain of transistor 102. Current Ii is supplied by current source 106, current I 2 by current source 108.
  • V ⁇ ga t e is provided at output 110 which is the input to the gate of the low current pass device 54.
  • the use of this particular non-inverting amplifier provides good power supply rejection at high frequency because while V ⁇ n is referred to ground as is the error amplifier 64, V ⁇ ga te output is referred to supply. Since V ⁇ ga te tracks the supply, the voltage across the gate to source terminals of low current pass device 54 remains constant as does the current through the device from source to drain. Thus, even if supply 56 changes in voltage the output voltage V ou t on load 57 will not.
  • High power driver 60 may include non-inverting driver 58 a, similar to low power driver 58, Fig. 4, and a dynamic bias current boost system 110 which includes a current mirror 112 constituted by transistors 102a and 116, a second current mirror 118 including transistors 120 and 122, and current mirror 124 including transistors 126 and 128, and current source 130.
  • a dynamic bias current boost system 110 which includes a current mirror 112 constituted by transistors 102a and 116, a second current mirror 118 including transistors 120 and 122, and current mirror 124 including transistors 126 and 128, and current source 130.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un régulateur de tension multimode comprenant un dispositif de passage à courant faible et un dispositif de passage à courant élevé dont chacun est adapté à être connecté entre une alimentation et une charge ; un amplificateur d'erreur sensible à une différence entre une tension de référence et une fonction de la tension sur la charge pour la production d'un signal d'erreur ; et un pilote de faible puissance sensible en un mode de faible puissance à un signal d'erreur pour faire fonctionner le dispositif de passage à courant faible pour la fourniture de puissance faible à la charge et un pilote de puissance élevée sensible dans un mode de puissance de charge élevée à un signal d'erreur pour faire fonctionner le dispositif de passage à courant élevé pour la fourniture de puissance élevée à la charge en vue du maintien de l'efficacité en fonctionnement à charge de puissance élevée et faible.
PCT/US2003/015976 2002-05-30 2003-05-21 Regulateur de tension multimode Ceased WO2003102709A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03731288A EP1514163B1 (fr) 2002-05-30 2003-05-21 Regulateur de tension multimode
DE60311098T DE60311098T2 (de) 2002-05-30 2003-05-21 Multimodus-spannungsregler

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38435502P 2002-05-30 2002-05-30
US60/384,355 2002-05-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003102709A2 true WO2003102709A2 (fr) 2003-12-11
WO2003102709A3 WO2003102709A3 (fr) 2004-05-21

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/US2003/015976 Ceased WO2003102709A2 (fr) 2002-05-30 2003-05-21 Regulateur de tension multimode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6897715B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1514163B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60311098T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003102709A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

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WO2006089195A3 (fr) * 2005-02-17 2006-11-02 Qualcomm Inc Circuit d'alimentation muni d'une boucle de regulation de tension et d'une boucle de regulation de courant
JP2006318327A (ja) * 2005-05-16 2006-11-24 Fuji Electric Device Technology Co Ltd 差動増幅回路およびシリーズレギュレータ
WO2009065050A1 (fr) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-22 Rambus Inc. Régulateur de tension en fonction de données

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006089195A3 (fr) * 2005-02-17 2006-11-02 Qualcomm Inc Circuit d'alimentation muni d'une boucle de regulation de tension et d'une boucle de regulation de courant
US7327125B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2008-02-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Power supply circuit having voltage control loop and current control loop
JP2006318327A (ja) * 2005-05-16 2006-11-24 Fuji Electric Device Technology Co Ltd 差動増幅回路およびシリーズレギュレータ
WO2009065050A1 (fr) * 2007-11-15 2009-05-22 Rambus Inc. Régulateur de tension en fonction de données

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US20040000896A1 (en) 2004-01-01
US6897715B2 (en) 2005-05-24
EP1514163A4 (fr) 2005-08-03
EP1514163B1 (fr) 2007-01-10
DE60311098T2 (de) 2007-11-08
EP1514163A2 (fr) 2005-03-16
WO2003102709A3 (fr) 2004-05-21
DE60311098D1 (de) 2007-02-22

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