WO2004046706A1 - ガス検出器 - Google Patents
ガス検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004046706A1 WO2004046706A1 PCT/JP2003/014849 JP0314849W WO2004046706A1 WO 2004046706 A1 WO2004046706 A1 WO 2004046706A1 JP 0314849 W JP0314849 W JP 0314849W WO 2004046706 A1 WO2004046706 A1 WO 2004046706A1
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- Prior art keywords
- detection
- gas
- heat generation
- temperature
- humidity
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
- G01N27/18—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by changes in the thermal conductivity of a surrounding material to be tested
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/005—H2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas detector for detecting hydrogen leakage and humidity.
- the first is an environmentally friendly power generation method, since only water is emitted during power generation. Secondly, the efficiency of the power energy that can be extracted in principle is high, resulting in energy saving. Third, by recovering the heat generated during power generation, heat energy can also be used. Therefore, it is expected to be a trump card to solve global energy and environmental problems.
- Such fuel cell systems are expected to be applied to home cogeneration systems and automobiles.
- Fuel cell systems are expected to further develop in the future as a replacement for thermal power generation and gasoline engines using fossil fuels. Since fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel, safety measures are important. In other words, a hydrogen concentration detector that detects the leakage of hydrogen is essential for safety measures. Conventionally, such a hydrogen concentration detector utilizes the fact that the thermal conductivity of hydrogen is extremely large compared to other gases, and changes the temperature of the heating element. The principle of detecting the hydrogen concentration in the above has been proposed. For example, when hydrogen reaches a heating element that has reached thermal equilibrium in air, the amount of heat taken from the heating element changes and the thermal equilibrium is lost. As a result, the temperature of the heating element changes according to the hydrogen concentration. This temperature change is electrically detected by a temperature detecting element.
- a platinum temperature sensor As a heating element and a temperature detecting element used in such a hydrogen concentration detector, a platinum temperature sensor is known. Platinum has the highest specific resistance among metals, and generates heat when an electric current is applied. Furthermore, since the temperature coefficient of resistance of platinum is large among metals, a change in temperature according to the hydrogen concentration can be detected as a change in resistance value.
- a gas detector of the above type is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-12861. It uses two detectors with different heating temperatures and solves simultaneous equations from the outputs of both detectors by means of a coefficient multiplier and a calculator. As a result, it is possible to detect the concentration of the gas to be detected excluding the influence of the interfering gas.
- the above conventional gas detector has a problem in that water vapor is present as an interfering gas in the gas to be detected.
- the resistance of platinum changes with hydrogen concentration.
- the presence of water vapor also changes the platinum resistance.
- the conventional gas detector described above eliminates the effects of interfering gases by solving simultaneous equations.
- the thermal conductivity of steam alone is much smaller than that of hydrogen.However, the thermal conductivity of a system in which polar steam and non-polar air or hydrogen are mixed together with absolute humidity Characteristics of rising and falling with a peak Is shown.
- a highly heat-generating gas detection element that is made of a resistor whose resistance value changes with temperature and is sealed in a non-porous case in dry air that is exposed to the gas to be detected, and self-heating of the high heat-generation gas detection element in dry air
- a high heat generation detection unit consisting of a high heat generation temperature detection element with a heat generation temperature approximately equal to the temperature, a low heat generation gas detection element made of a resistor whose resistance value changes with temperature, and a low heat generation gas detection element exposed to the gas to be detected.
- a low heat generation detecting portion including a low heat generation temperature detection element sealed in a non-porous case and having a heat generation temperature substantially equal to the self-heating temperature in dry air of the low heat generation gas detection element;
- the self-heating temperature in dry air is set to different temperatures, and each of the gas detecting elements has a resistance value that changes according to hydrogen concentration, humidity and ambient temperature, and each of the temperature detecting elements has an ambient temperature.
- the resistance value changing according to the temperature was converted into an electrical gas output changing according to the hydrogen concentration and the humidity, respectively, and the gas output obtained from each of the detection units was obtained from a known hydrogen concentration in advance. Normalize with the hydrogen sensitivity conversion coefficient, determine the humidity output obtained from the difference between each of the normalized outputs, and calculate the humidity output from each of the normalized outputs that change according to the humidity and the humidity under a previously known humidity environment. Provided is a gas detector that corrects the standardized output using a humidity correction formula obtained from a correlation between the obtained humidity correction amounts and outputs hydrogen concentration and humidity.
- FIG. 1A is a sectional view showing the structure of the gas detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the gas detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a thermistor used for the gas detector according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view for explaining a method of assembling the detection unit of the gas detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a method of attaching the gas detector to the pipe according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit configuration of the gas detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are hydrogen concentration output characteristics diagrams of the gas detector under dry air according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a humidity output characteristic diagram of the gas detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- 8A and 8B are output characteristic diagrams after correction calculation of the gas detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9A is a sectional view showing the structure of the gas detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the gas detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a gas detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a humidity output characteristic diagram of the gas detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B are output characteristic diagrams after correction calculation of the gas detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the highly heat-generating gas detecting element (hereinafter referred to as GDH) in the present invention is a gas detecting element which is in a high temperature state due to self-heating in order to function.
- low heat generation gas detection element (hereinafter referred to as GDL) is self-heating
- the gas detection element is kept at a lower temperature than GDH.
- the difference between the two temperatures is preferably 10 ° C. or more, and more preferably about 50 ° C.
- a high heat-generating temperature detecting element (hereinafter referred to as TDH) is a temperature detecting element that is in a high temperature state due to self-heating due to the function of the detecting element.
- the low heat generation temperature detection element (hereinafter referred to as TDL) is a temperature detection element that generates heat and is kept at a lower temperature than TDH.
- the difference between the two temperatures is preferably 10 ° C. or more, and more preferably about 50 ° C.
- the low temperature in GDL and TDL is preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the high heat detection section (hereinafter referred to as DPH) is composed of GDH and TDH, and has a circuit section for making them function.
- the low heat detection section (hereinafter referred to as DPL) is composed of GDL and TDL, and has a circuit section for making them function.
- FIG. 1A shows GDH la, TDH lb, GDL 2a and TDL 2b. These elements are composed of thermistors, and the structure is shown in Figure 2. Note that any heat-generating resistor whose resistance value changes with temperature can be used as these elements.
- the thermistor body 4 a composite oxide sintered body made of manganese, cobalt, copper, and vanadium, which is cut into a disk shape having a diameter of 1.2 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm, is used.
- the B constant which is a temperature characteristic, is 230 K. In addition, those in the range of about 100 to 300 K can be used.
- a silver-palladium-platinum conductive paste is printed and fired on both sides of The electrode 5 formed is provided.
- a lead wire 6 made of a platinum wire having a diameter of 0.15 mm is electrically and mechanically connected to both electrodes 5 using the conductive paste.
- a glass layer 7 having a low melting point is formed on the entire outer surface of the phosphor 4 so as to include the electrode 5 and a part of the lead wire 6.
- the glass layer 7 is formed by applying a paste obtained by forming a paste of glass powder having a firing temperature of 550 ° C. together with an organic solvent.
- the entire thermistor body 4 is included in the glass layer 7, and the thermistor 8 is completed.
- these thermistors 8 are electrically connected to the pins 10 fixed to the pedestal 9 by resistance welding of the lead wires 6 (indicated by X in the figure). And mechanically connected.
- the assembled four elements are used as GDHla, TDHlb, GDL2a and TDL2b, respectively.
- the case is made of metal. Further, stainless steel is preferred from the viewpoints of protection and weldability.
- the voltage across the TDH 1 b and TDL 2 b configured in this manner is not changed by the gas to be detected, and outputs a voltage corresponding to the temperature inside the gas detector.
- GDH la and GDL 2a are covered with a perforated case 11a having through holes with a diameter of 1.2 mm at four locations. Then, project the perforated case 11a and pedestal 9 Joined and sealed by crush welding.
- the heat capacities of the temperature detection element (TDH lb, TDL 2b) and the gas detection element (GDH la, GDL 2a) are made equal to detect both.
- the heat generation characteristics of the elements are approximately equal.
- the heat generation characteristics of TDH 1b are substantially equal to the heat generation characteristics of GDT 1a. Furthermore, the heat generation characteristics of TDL2b are approximately equal to the heat generation characteristics of GDL2a. In this way, accurate temperature correction for the ambient temperature is possible. Furthermore, when the gas detector is started, TDHlb shows a temperature rise profile similar to that of GDHla. Further, TDL 2b shows a temperature rise profile similar to the temperature rise characteristics of GDL 2a.
- the GDL 2a with the perforated case 11a and the TDL 2b with the non-perforated case 11b are made of a heat conductor 33 made of a material with good heat conductivity, such as copper or aluminum. Respectively.
- the GDH 1a with the perforated case 11a and the TDHlb with the non-porous case 11b are joined via the heat conductor 33, respectively.
- GD H la, TDH lb, GD L 2a, TDL 2b, etc. have one end of each pin 10 on the circuit board 15. It is electrically and mechanically connected by soldering. Then, as shown in FIG. 1B, the outer periphery is stored in a container 16 having a hexagonal shape.
- a planar heater 34 is installed near GDHla, TDHlb, GDL2a and TDL2b.
- the heater 34 is driven at 200 ° C for about 5 seconds after the detector is started. Even if the ambient temperature is low and the resistance of the thermistor body 4 is large, the resistance of the heater 8 drops to a resistance value capable of self-heating due to the operation of the heater 34. In this way, operation at low temperatures is also possible.
- the heater 34 is always driven at the time of startup, but the heater 34 may be operated only at a low temperature. Therefore, the microcomputer 32 detects the resistance value or voltage value of the thermistor 8 and operates the heater 34 only when the temperature is low, that is, only when the resistance value is high. In this way, power consumption can be reduced.
- a sintered metal filter 18 is fitted into the gas inlet 17. It has a circular outer periphery and is arranged so as to protrude outside the container 16. If moisture is present in the gas to be detected, condensation may occur inside the container 16 depending on the temperature environment.
- the dew condensation water is guided to the outside of the filter 18 by gravity and drained easily.
- a container lid 24 through which a cable 23 is taken out in advance is fitted into the upper part of the circuit board 15 of the container 16 and is fixed by being caulked to the container 16. Further, a configuration in which the moisture-resistant resin 25 is injected into the entire space between the circuit board 15 and the container lid 24 from an injection port (not shown) provided in the container lid 24 and cured. Has become.
- the gas detector completed in this manner is fixed to a portion where gas concentration is to be detected by a screw portion 26 provided on a part of the outer periphery of the container 16.
- a gas detector mounting part 28 is provided in a part of the piping 27 as shown in FIG. Fix the gas detector by screwing the screw part 26 into the mounting part 28. In this manner, the gas inlet 17 can be arranged above the main flow of the pipe 27 away from the main flow, so that the influence of the gas flow velocity of the main flow can be reduced.
- GD H la, TDH lb, GDL 2a and TDL 2b are connected in series with fixed resistors 29a, 29b, 29c and 29d, respectively.
- 220 ⁇ is used for fixed resistors 29 a and 29 b
- 500 ⁇ is used for fixed resistors 29 c and 29 d, respectively.
- control is performed so that the heat generation temperatures of GDHla and TDHlb are about 190 ⁇ , and the heat generation temperatures of GDL2a and TDL2b are about 140 ° C.
- a DC power supply 31 is connected to the circuit and supplies 15 V as a power supply voltage.
- the exothermic temperatures in the dry air of the two detection elements la and lb of the DPH 35a and the two detection elements 2a and 2b of the DPL 35b are substantially independent of the ambient temperature. It is controlled to be constant.
- the control for stabilizing the heat generation temperatures of the two detection elements la and lb of DPH 35a is performed as follows.
- the element resistance stabilizing circuit section 36a of the DPH 35a has a fixed ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ It consists of a constant resistance 29 e and 33 f ⁇ 29 f connected in series. The voltage across the fixed resistor 29 f is the control voltage.
- the ambient temperature detection circuit section 37a is configured by connecting a 220 ⁇ fixed resistor 29b in series to TDH 1b.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 29b is the controlled voltage.
- a fixed resistance of 220 ⁇ is connected in series with the element resistance constant circuit section 36a and GDH la via an operational amplifier and a transistor so that the control voltage and the controlled voltage become equal.
- the voltage applied to the detected gas detection circuit section 38a, the reference voltage circuit section 39a, and the ambient temperature detection circuit section 37a is controlled with respect to fluctuations in the ambient temperature.
- control for stabilizing the heat generation temperature on the DPL 35 b side is performed as follows.
- the element resistance stabilizing circuit section 36 b of DPL 35 b is configured by connecting a fixed resistance 29 g of 43 k ⁇ and a fixed resistance 29 h of 100 k ⁇ in series.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 29 h is the control voltage.
- the ambient temperature detection circuit 37 b is configured by connecting a 500 ⁇ fixed resistor 29 d in series to TDL 2 b.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 29d is the controlled voltage.
- the voltage applied to the detection circuit section 38b, the reference voltage circuit section 39b, and the ambient temperature detection circuit section 37b is controlled with respect to the fluctuation of the ambient temperature.
- the temperature around each of the detection elements is kept substantially constant, so that the change in the thermal conductivity of the gas to be detected due to the temperature is reduced.
- the gas concentration can be detected with high accuracy.
- the signal processing for obtaining the gas output at D P H 35a is performed as follows.
- the reference voltage circuit section 39a that outputs the reference voltage is composed of a fixed resistor 29i with a value smaller than 11 ⁇ , a fixed resistor 29j of 331 ⁇ and a variable resistor 29k connected in series. It is composed.
- the voltage across fixed resistor 29 j is the reference voltage.
- the gas detection circuit section 38a is configured by connecting a 220 ⁇ fixed resistor 29a to GDH 1a in series.
- the voltage between both ends of the fixed resistor 29a is the gas detection output voltage, and the signal processing for obtaining the potential difference from the reference voltage is performed. If there is a difference between the reference voltage and the gas detection output voltage in air without hydrogen or humidity, adjust the resistance of variable resistor 29k to make the difference zero.
- the signal processing for obtaining the gas output in the DPL 35b is performed as follows.
- the reference voltage circuit section 39b that outputs the reference voltage is composed of a fixed resistor 291, a value smaller than 43kQ, a fixed resistor 29m of 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , and a variable resistor 29n connected in series. Connected and configured.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 29 m is the reference voltage.
- the gas detection circuit section 38b is configured by connecting a 500 ⁇ fixed resistor 29c to the GDL 2a in series.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 29c is the gas detection output voltage, and signal processing is performed to determine the potential difference from the reference voltage. As described above, when a difference occurs between the reference voltage and the gas detection output voltage, the resistance of the variable resistor 29n is adjusted to make the difference zero.
- the gas outputs of DPH 35 a and DPL 35 and the voltage values at both ends of the respective temperature detecting elements 1 b and 2 b obtained by the above signal processing are input to the microcomputer 32.
- the microcomputer 32 performs an operation described later, and outputs the hydrogen concentration, the humidity, and the temperature, respectively.
- the gas to be detected in the vicinity of the gas detector or in the pipe passes through a filter 18 provided at the gas inlet 17 and reaches GDHla, TDHlb, GDL2a and TDL2b.
- GD H 1a and GD L 2a are self-heating. If there is hydrogen or moisture in the gas to be detected, the thermal conductivity of the gas to be detected changes according to the concentration, and heat is taken away, so that the temperatures of GDHla and GDL2a change.
- TDH 1b and TDL 2b have a configuration in which dry air is sealed by a non-porous case 11b.
- the voltage between both ends of TDHlb and TDL2b is not changed by the gas to be detected and outputs a voltage corresponding to the temperature inside the gas detector.
- These changes are each gamut by the signal processing method described above. It is converted as an output and input to the microcomputer.
- the semiconductor element 8 that can obtain a large detection sensitivity for hydrogen is used as the detection elements la, lb, 2a, and 2b.
- the thermistor 8 when the thermistor 8 is used, its sensitivity is so large that the effect of changes in the thermal conductivity of hydrogen on the ambient temperature is significant. Therefore, it is necessary to correct the hydrogen concentration sensitivity according to the ambient temperature.
- the hydrogen sensitivity conversion coefficient for each gas output changes according to the change in the ambient temperature, so correct using the sensitivity correction formula.
- the sensitivity correction formula is obtained from the correlation between the voltage between both ends, which is the output of each temperature detection element lb, 2b, and the hydrogen sensitivity conversion coefficient under various ambient temperature environments.
- a reference gas having a hydrogen concentration of 1% is prepared in dry air, and the gas output and temperature detecting elements 1b, 2 at ⁇ 40, 25 ° C and 80 ° C in the reference gas are prepared. Measure the voltage across b.
- the output of the reference gas with respect to the voltage between both ends of the temperature detecting elements 1 b and 2 b tends to decrease as the temperature increases, and it can be considered that there is an approximately first order correlation.
- the voltage between both ends of the temperature detecting elements lb and 2b is also inputted to the microcomputer 32.
- the microcomputer 32 calculates and outputs the hydrogen concentration, the humidity and the temperature based on the respective gas outputs and the voltages across the temperature detecting elements lb and 2b.
- the correction data is created as follows when the gas detector is manufactured.
- DPH 35a for hydrogen concentration change under dry air And the gas output of each of DPL 35 b.
- This measurement is performed under various temperature conditions.
- FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B show the measurement results under an ambient temperature condition of 80 ° C.
- Fig. 6A shows the hydrogen concentration on the horizontal axis and the gas output of DPH35a on the vertical axis. As shown in FIG. 6A, the gas output of DPH 35a increases in proportion to the hydrogen concentration.
- FIG. 6B shows the result of measuring the gas output of DPL 35b.
- the gas output of DPL 35b also increases in proportion to the hydrogen concentration.
- the voltage between both ends of the temperature detecting elements lb and 2b of DPH 35a and DPL 35b represents the ambient temperature without being affected by the state of the gas to be detected. Then, the relationship between the voltage value between both ends of these temperature detecting elements lb and 2b, the gas output of DPH 35a and the gas output of DPL 35b is obtained. From these, the temperature correction data of the sensitivity to the hydrogen concentration is created respectively.
- the gas output of DPH 35a and the gas output of DPL 35b when the humidity is changed in the air are measured.
- Figure 7 shows the results under the ambient temperature condition of 80 ° C.
- the horizontal axis indicates the absolute humidity.
- the vertical axis represents the output in terms of hydrogen concentration.
- Curve A is an output obtained by correcting the gas output of DPH 35a based on the concept of temperature correction of hydrogen sensitivity explained in Figs. 6A and 6B above, that is, an error with respect to hydrogen detection accuracy (hereinafter referred to as humidity offset). ).
- curve B shows the humidity offset obtained by correcting the gas output of DPL 35b.
- the straight line C is obtained by subtracting the humidity offset of DPL 35b from the obtained humidity offset of DPH 35a. It indicates the humidity output which is the value (hereinafter referred to as the difference A).
- the humidity offset can be corrected, and the relative humidity can be calculated from the absolute humidity and the ambient temperature obtained from the temperature detecting elements 1b and 2b.
- the air absolute humidity of about 1 2 0 g / m 3, 0% of hydrogen gas, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1 6%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0%
- the microcomputer 32 of the gas detector measures the output after the calculation.
- Figure 8A shows the results of hydrogen concentration output.
- the horizontal axis is the elapsed time (seconds) of the measurement, and the hydrogen concentration is switched after 900, 300, 480, 480, 480, and 480 seconds have elapsed.
- the vertical axis is the calculated hydrogen concentration (%) based on the above calculation method from the gas output of DPH 35a, the gas output of DPL 35b, and the voltage across each temperature detection element lb, 2 b. It is. From the figure, it can be confirmed that the accuracy is good because the hydrogen concentration changes extremely responsively to gas switching.
- Fig. 8B shows the humidity output results.
- the horizontal axis is the elapsed time of the measurement (seconds) as in Fig. 8A, and the hydrogen gas concentration is switched at the same timing as the hydrogen concentration measurement described above.
- the vertical axis is the absolute humidity output corresponding to the hydrogen concentration.
- the humidity output in Fig. 8B does not fluctuate despite the large change in hydrogen concentration during measurement.
- this absolute humidity is in good agreement with the absolute humidity of the gas to be detected measured by a humidity meter installed near the gas detector. From the above results, it is clear that the gas detector of the first embodiment can independently and accurately detect hydrogen concentration and humidity.
- a second tent 011 1 (, a second TDL 2 c is installed at DPL 35 b in D? 113 5 &) .
- a thermistor is used for the second TDHlc and the second TDL2c as in the first embodiment.
- Figure 2 shows the structure.
- each detection element is covered with a non-porous case 11b in dry air, and the non-porous case 11b and the pedestal 9 are joined by projection welding. This is a sealed configuration.
- the voltage across the second TDH1c and the second TDL2c does not change depending on the gas to be detected, and outputs a voltage corresponding to the temperature inside the gas detector.
- the operation of the gas detector according to the second embodiment will be described.
- the GD H la, the second TDH lc, and the fixed resistor 40 a of 220 ⁇ are connected in series, and the gas detection circuit section 3 8 forming a.
- a fixed resistance 40 b of 75 ⁇ and a fixed resistance 40 c of 220 ⁇ are connected in series to form an ambient temperature detection circuit section 37 a.
- the GDL 2a, the second TDL 2C, and the 500 ⁇ fixed resistor 40d are connected in series to form a gas detection circuit section 38b.
- a fixed resistor 40 e of 320 ⁇ and a fixed resistor 40 f of 500 ⁇ are connected in series to form an ambient temperature detection circuit portion 37 b.
- the heating temperatures of GDHla, TDH1b and the second TDH1c are controlled to be about 190 ° C., respectively.
- control is performed so that the heat generation temperatures of GDL 2a, TDL 2b and the second TDL 2c are each about 140.
- a DC power supply 31 is connected to the circuit and supplies 15 V as the power supply voltage.
- the heating temperatures of the three detecting elements la, lb, and lc of DPH 35a and the three detecting elements 2a, 2b, and 2c of DPL 35b in dry air are set to the ambient temperature. It is controlled to be almost constant regardless of the temperature.
- the control for stabilizing the heat generation temperatures of the three detection elements la, lb, and lc of DPH35a is performed as follows.
- the fixed element resistance circuit part 36a of the DPH 35a has a fixed resistance of 2931 ⁇ , a fixed resistance of 40g, a fixed resistance of 100k k, and a fixed resistance of 40k and 100k k. 0 i are connected in series.
- the control voltage is a voltage across the fixed resistor 40 i.
- Ambient temperature detection circuit 3 7a is a fixed resistance of 75 ⁇ 40 b and 2 2 It consists of a fixed resistance of 40 ⁇ connected in series to both ends of TDH 1 b. The voltage across the fixed resistor 40b is the controlled voltage.
- the element resistance stabilizing circuit section 36a, GDH 1a and second TDH 1c are connected to a fixed resistance of 220 ⁇ via an operational amplifier and a transistor so that the controlled voltage becomes equal to the control voltage.
- the voltage applied to the gas detection circuit section 38a, the reference voltage circuit section 39a, and the ambient temperature detection circuit section 37a to which a is connected in series is controlled in accordance with the fluctuation of the ambient temperature. As described above, by keeping the resistance values of GDHla, TDHlb and the second TDH1c always constant, the heat generation temperature of these can be made constant.
- the control for stabilizing the heating temperature of the three detection elements 2a, 2b, 2c on the DPL 35b side is performed as follows.
- the DPL 35 b fixed element resistance circuit 36 b has a fixed resistance of 156 k Q 40 j and a fixed resistance of 100 k Q 40 k and a fixed resistance of k ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4 It is configured by connecting 0 1 in series.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 401 is the control voltage.
- the ambient temperature detection circuit section 37b is composed of a 320 ⁇ fixed resistor 40e and a 500 ⁇ fixed resistor 40f connected in series to both ends of TDL2b.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 40 e is the controlled voltage.
- a fixed resistance of 500 ⁇ is connected in series with the element resistance stabilizing circuit section 36 b, the GDL 2 a and the second TDL 2 c via an operational amplifier and a transistor so that the controlled voltage becomes equal to the control voltage.
- the voltage applied to the gas detection circuit section 38 b, reference voltage circuit section 39 b, and ambient temperature detection circuit section 37 b to which 0 d is connected is controlled in accordance with the fluctuation of the ambient temperature.
- GDL 2a, TDL 2b and the second By keeping the resistance value of TDL2c constant at all times, these heating temperatures can be kept constant. Since the temperature around each of the detection elements is kept approximately constant, the change in the thermal conductivity of the gas to be detected due to the temperature is reduced. As a result, the gas concentration can be detected with high accuracy, and the self-heating temperature of each detection element is controlled to be constant immediately after the detector is started, so that the start-up time can be shortened.
- the signal processing for obtaining the gas output at DPH 35a is performed as follows.
- the reference voltage circuit section 39 a that outputs the reference voltage is composed of a fixed resistance of 40 m, a fixed resistance of 29 m, a fixed resistance of 40 m smaller than 100 m, a fixed resistance of 40 k It is constructed by connecting variable resistors 40 ⁇ in series.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 40 ⁇ is the reference voltage.
- the gas detection circuit 38a is configured by connecting GDH1a, the second TDH1c, and a fixed resistor 40a of 220 ⁇ in series.
- the voltage across the second TD H 1c is the gas detection output voltage.
- the signal processing for obtaining the gas output at DPL 35b is performed as follows.
- the reference voltage circuit section 39 b that outputs the reference voltage is a fixed resistance of 40 kq and a fixed resistance of 40 k and a fixed resistance of 1 OO k Q smaller than 40 k and 1 OO kQ.
- s and variable resistors 4 0 t is connected in series.
- the voltage across the fixed resistor 40 s is the reference voltage.
- 3 8 b is the fixed resistance of & 0 2 & and the second dent 0 2 (: and 5 0 0
- the voltage across the second TDL2 is the gas detection output voltage.
- Signal processing is performed to determine the potential difference between the gas detection output voltage and the reference voltage. If there is a difference between the reference voltage and the gas detection output voltage in air where hydrogen and humidity do not exist, adjust the resistance of variable resistor 40 t to make the difference zero.
- the gas output voltage of DPH 35a and DPL 35 obtained by the above signal processing and the voltage value between both ends of each temperature detecting element 1b, 1c, 2b, 2c are input to the microcomputer 32. Is done.
- the microcomputer 32 performs the same operation as in the first embodiment, and outputs the hydrogen concentration, the humidity, and the temperature, respectively.
- FIG. 11 shows the evaluation results of humidity characteristics under an ambient temperature condition of 80 ° C. The horizontal axis indicates the absolute humidity.
- Curve A is an output obtained by correcting the gas output of DPH 35a based on the concept of temperature correction of sensitivity for hydrogen, that is, an error with respect to hydrogen detection accuracy (hereinafter, referred to as humidity offset). Is shown.
- curve B shows the humidity offset obtained by correcting the gas output of DPL 35b.
- the straight line C indicates the humidity output which is a value obtained by subtracting the humidity offset of DPL 35b from the obtained humidity offset of DPH 35a (hereinafter referred to as difference B). From Fig. 11, it can be seen that there is a difference between the humidity offset of DPH35a and the humidity offset of DPL35b even under the same absolute humidity condition. This is because the presence of moisture causes a difference in the thermal conductivity of water vapor in the vicinity of each gas detection element with a different heat generation temperature, resulting in a difference in the heat conduction characteristics of the gas detection element. .
- the humidity output which is the difference B, is proportional to the absolute humidity as shown in Fig. 11. Therefore, it can be used as a humidity output in proportion to the absolute humidity as in the first embodiment. By obtaining this humidity output, the humidity offset can be corrected and the absolute humidity can be calculated.
- FIGS. 12A and 12B show output examples of the gas detector according to the second embodiment.
- the experimental method is the same as in the first embodiment.
- Figure 12A shows the hydrogen concentration output results.
- the horizontal axis represents the elapsed time (seconds) of the measurement, and the hydrogen concentration is switched after 900, 300, 480, 480, 480, and 480 seconds have elapsed.
- the vertical axis shows the gas output of DPH 35a, the gas output of DPL 35b, and the voltage between both ends of each temperature detecting element lb, 2b or each second temperature detecting element lc, 2c. It is the calculated hydrogen concentration (%) calculated based on this. From the figure, it can be confirmed that the accuracy is good because the hydrogen concentration changes with very responsiveness to gas switching.
- the humidity output results are shown in Figure 12B.
- the horizontal axis is the elapsed time (seconds) of the measurement as in Fig. 12A, and the hydrogen gas concentration is switched at the same timing as the hydrogen concentration measurement described above.
- the vertical axis is the absolute humidity output corresponding to the hydrogen concentration. As shown in Figure 12A, there is no change in the humidity output despite the large change in the hydrogen concentration during the measurement. That is, it is possible to output only the absolute humidity accurately without being affected by the hydrogen concentration.
- the gas detector of the present invention can detect hydrogen concentration and humidity separately from each other, and thus is used in a system for detecting hydrogen leakage from equipment used in the atmosphere.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03774104A EP1566630A4 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-20 | GAS DETECTOR |
| US10/502,223 US7028530B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-20 | Gas detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002-337684 | 2002-11-21 | ||
| JP2002337684A JP4016813B2 (ja) | 2002-11-21 | 2002-11-21 | ガス検出器とそれを用いた燃料電池システムおよび自動車 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004046706A1 true WO2004046706A1 (ja) | 2004-06-03 |
Family
ID=32321851
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/014849 Ceased WO2004046706A1 (ja) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-20 | ガス検出器 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7028530B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1566630A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4016813B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004046706A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111948338A (zh) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-17 | 许俊杰 | 提高有害气体侦测器判断的方法 |
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| JP4045549B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-12 | 2008-02-13 | 株式会社デンソー | 水素濃度検出装置及び水素濃度検出方法 |
| JP4692026B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-08 | 2011-06-01 | パナソニック株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
| JP2006327396A (ja) * | 2005-05-26 | 2006-12-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池自動車の水素センサ取り付け構造 |
| KR100980995B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-19 | 2010-09-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지용 지능형 전극막 |
| US9329119B2 (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2016-05-03 | Nabtesco Corporation | Speed reducer for industrial robot |
| JP5839436B2 (ja) | 2010-12-02 | 2016-01-06 | ナブテスコ株式会社 | 光学センサ |
| JP5342602B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-20 | 2013-11-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
| US8668997B2 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2014-03-11 | United Technologies Corporation | System and method for sensing and mitigating hydrogen evolution within a flow battery system |
| US20140070827A1 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-13 | Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc | Systems and methods for compensated barrier permeability testing |
| DE102013014144B4 (de) * | 2013-08-23 | 2021-01-21 | Thermo Electron Led Gmbh | Wärmeleitfähigkeitsdetektor mit geschlossener Referenzkavität |
| EP2887057A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-24 | Sensirion AG | Device and method of humidity compensated gas concentration monitoring by thermal conductivity measurements |
| US9835574B2 (en) | 2014-07-02 | 2017-12-05 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Gas measurement device and measurement method thereof |
| EP3315956A1 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-02 | Sensirion AG | Multi-parametric sensor with bridge structure |
| CN109781716A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-21 | 塔能股份公司 | 气体指示器 |
| CN109374671B (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2023-05-16 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种高温氢气浓度测量元件 |
| US11162928B2 (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-11-02 | Invensense, Inc. | Humidity correction method in thermistor based gas sensing platform |
| GB2604896A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-09-21 | Enapter S R L | Modular electrochemical system |
| JP2024066243A (ja) * | 2022-11-01 | 2024-05-15 | ローム株式会社 | 水素検出システム |
| JP2024067737A (ja) * | 2022-11-07 | 2024-05-17 | Tdk株式会社 | ガスセンサ |
| CN118549491B (zh) * | 2024-07-24 | 2024-11-29 | 沃尔特电子(苏州)有限公司 | 一种用于热导式气体探头浓度测量方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7028530B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 |
| JP2004170294A (ja) | 2004-06-17 |
| JP4016813B2 (ja) | 2007-12-05 |
| US20050066707A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
| EP1566630A4 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
| EP1566630A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 |
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