WO2004070091A1 - 磁性ガーネット単結晶膜形成用基板、その製造方法、光学素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
磁性ガーネット単結晶膜形成用基板、その製造方法、光学素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004070091A1 WO2004070091A1 PCT/JP2004/000760 JP2004000760W WO2004070091A1 WO 2004070091 A1 WO2004070091 A1 WO 2004070091A1 JP 2004000760 W JP2004000760 W JP 2004000760W WO 2004070091 A1 WO2004070091 A1 WO 2004070091A1
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- single crystal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/12—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/025—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/16—Oxides
- C30B29/22—Complex oxides
- C30B29/28—Complex oxides with formula A3Me5O12 wherein A is a rare earth metal and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co or Al, e.g. garnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film for liquid phase epitaxy of a magnetic garnet single crystal film such as a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet (Bi-RIG) single crystal,
- a substrate manufactured by using this manufacturing method a method of manufacturing a single crystal film for performing crystal growth using this substrate, and a single crystal film and an optical element manufactured by this manufacturing method.
- an optical element such as a Faraday rotator used for an optical isolator, an optical circulator, an optical magnetic field sensor, or the like
- a material obtained by epitaxially growing a magnetic garnet single crystal film on a single crystal substrate is generally used.
- a large Faraday rotation coefficient is desired so that the required Faraday effect can be obtained.
- the lattice constant difference between the substrate single crystal and the growing single crystal film should be minimized in the temperature range from the film formation temperature to room temperature. It is required to be small.
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal is grown in a thick film (for example, a film thickness of 200 / zm or more) on the GGG single crystal substrate to which Ca, Zr, Mg, etc. are added.
- the substrate and the single crystal film are likely to warp or crack during and after film formation, which causes a reduction in the production yield during film formation and processing.
- the present inventors have proposed that in a temperature range from room temperature to 850 ° C., the coefficient of thermal expansion in a plane orthogonal to the crystal orientation of 1 1 1> is bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet.
- a garnet single crystal substrate of a specific composition having a value very close to that of a single crystal has been proposed (see Patent Document 2, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-139596).
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-139596.
- the garnet single crystal substrate of this specific composition is unstable with respect to the lead oxide flux used as a deposition solvent when growing a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet (Bi-RIG) single crystal film by liquid phase epitaxy.
- the present inventors have found that the yield of obtaining a good-quality bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal is poor. In particular, it has been found that this tendency is large in a substrate composition containing Nb or Ta.
- the present inventors have developed a substrate in which a buffer layer composed of a garnet-based single crystal thin film that is stable against flux is formed on a substrate growing surface of a base substrate composed of a garnet-based single crystal that is unstable against flux. It has been developed and filed earlier (see Patent Document 3, PCT / JP02 / 06223).
- Means for forming a buffer layer on the crystal growth surface of the base substrate include sputtering.
- Various thin film forming methods such as a thin film method can be applied.
- the substrate temperature at the time of film formation it is necessary to set the substrate temperature at the time of film formation to 600 ° C. or higher in order to improve the crystal quality of the buffer layer. It was thought. Therefore, it takes a long time (several hours to several tens of hours) to heat and cool the substrate, and it is necessary to use a high-performance heater as a heater for heating the substrate.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has as its object to produce a magnetic garnet single crystal film in the form of a thick film which does not cause crystal defects, warpage, cracking, peeling, etc., with high quality and good yield. It is intended to provide a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film, an optical element, and a method of manufacturing the same, which can be formed stably at a low cost by liquid phase epitaxial growth.
- a method for producing a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises:
- a method for producing a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film for liquid phase epitaxial growth of a magnetic garnet single crystal film comprising:
- the buffer layer is formed on the base substrate without actively heating the substrate.
- a method for manufacturing a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film according to a second aspect of the present invention includes: a method for manufacturing a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film for liquid-phase epitaxy of a magnetic garnet single crystal film. The method, Forming a base substrate made of a garnet-based single crystal that is unstable with respect to flux used for liquid-phase epitaxial growth;
- the temperature of the substrate is controlled from room temperature to a temperature lower than 600 ° C., and the buffer layer is formed on the base substrate.
- the flux is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a flux containing lead oxide and / or bismuth oxide.
- flux-unstable means that the solute component in the flux starts crystallization with the target substance (base substrate or buffer layer) as a nucleus, that is, in a so-called supersaturated state. At least a part of the material constituting the object is eluted with respect to the flux, and / or At least a part of the flux component is diffused into the object, thereby inhibiting the liquid-phase epitaxial growth of the single crystal film.
- Means “Stable to flux” means the opposite of “unstable to flux”.
- a magnetic garnet single crystal to be formed by liquid phase epitaxial growth such as a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal
- a garnet single crystal substrate having a specific thermal expansion coefficient that is very close to
- liquid-phase epitaxy can be performed stably. This is because a flux-stable buffer layer is formed on the base substrate.
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film used for an optical element such as a Faraday rotator is manufactured with high quality and high quality by suppressing the occurrence of crystal defects, warpage, cracking, and peeling.
- Liquid epitaxial growth can be achieved with a high yield. That is, according to the present invention, a magnetic garnet single crystal film having a relatively thick film (for example, 200 ⁇ or more) and a large area (for example, diameter of 3 inches or more) is formed by liquid phase epitaxy. It can be obtained by axial growth.
- the substrate when forming the buffer layer, is not actively heated, or even if heated, from room temperature to less than 600 ° C., preferably from room temperature to 300 ° C., particularly Preferably, the temperature is controlled at room temperature to 100 ° C. to form the buffer layer on the base substrate. Therefore, in the present invention, the time required for heating and cooling the substrate can be significantly reduced. In addition, since it is not necessary to use a high-performance heater, it is possible to reduce an increase in manufacturing costs due to investment in new manufacturing equipment.
- a high-quality buffer layer can be formed without actively heating the substrate. Even if the substrate is not actively heated, the temperature of the substrate increases in a thin film forming method such as sputtering, but in the present invention, in this case, the substrate is not actively heated.
- the buffer layer is annealed at a temperature of 600 to 900 ° C. If the annealing temperature is too low, the crystallization of the buffer layer tends to be insufficient, and it tends to be difficult to obtain a good quality buffer layer. If the temperature is too high, the crystallization of the buffer layer tends to be difficult. Quality tends to deteriorate.
- the puffer layer is formed by a thin film forming method such as a sputtering method.
- a thin film forming method such as a sputtering method
- the buffer layer is annealed in a subsequent process without actively heating the substrate. It has been found that a high-quality buffer layer can be formed by the treatment.
- oxygen (O 2 ) is not more than 35% by volume, more preferably not more than 10% by volume, in an atmosphere gas (inert gas such as Ar) at the time of sputtering. To 30% by volume. Atmosphere containing no oxygen With ambient gas, the crystal quality of the buffer layer tends to deteriorate. If the amount of oxygen is too large, abnormal discharge and the like tend to occur, making it difficult to obtain a good quality buffer layer.
- the input power at the time of sputtering is controlled to 2-1 OW / m, more preferably 3-6 W / cm 2 .
- the input power at the time of sputtering is controlled to 2-1 OW / m, more preferably 3-6 W / cm 2 .
- the base substrate has a thermal expansion coefficient substantially equal to a thermal expansion coefficient of the magnetic garnet single crystal film.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the base substrate with respect to the thermal expansion coefficient of the magnetic garnet single crystal film, ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 0 - 6 7 ° It is in the range below C.
- the film after the epitaxial growth may be peeled off from the substrate, cracked or chipped (hereinafter referred to as “crack”). Etc.) can be effectively prevented. This is because, when a magnetic garnet single crystal film is formed by epitaxy, the temperature rises to about 100 ° C. and then returns to room temperature. This is because cracks and the like easily occur in the grown film.
- the coefficient of thermal expansion of the buffer layer does not necessarily need to be substantially equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the magnetic garnet single crystal film. This is because the thickness of the buffer layer is extremely thin with respect to the thickness of the base substrate, and the effect of the difference in thermal expansion on the epitaxially grown film is small.
- the base substrate has a lattice constant substantially equal to a lattice constant of the magnetic garnet single crystal film.
- the lattice constant of the base substrate is in a range of ⁇ 0.02 A or less with respect to the lattice constant of the magnetic garnet single crystal film.
- the magnetic garnet single crystal film can be easily grown on the buffer layer by liquid-phase epitaxy.
- the base substrate contains Nb or Ta.
- Nb or Ta in the base substrate, it becomes easy to make the thermal expansion coefficient and the Z or lattice constant of the base substrate substantially equal to the lattice constant of the magnetic garnet single crystal film.
- Nb or Ta is included in the base substrate, the stability to the flux tends to deteriorate.
- the buffer layer is a garnet-based single crystal thin film substantially free of Nb and Ta. This is because a garnet-based single crystal thin film substantially free of Nb and Ta is relatively stable to flux.
- the buffer layer is N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl buffer layer
- R 3 M 5 0 1 2 (where R is at least one kind of rare earth metal, M is one kind selected from G a, Fe)
- X-substituted gadolinium.gallium garnet (where X is at least one of Ca, Mg, and Zr).
- a buffer layer made of such a material is preferable because it is relatively stable to flux and has a lattice constant close to the lattice constant of the magnetic garnet single crystal film.
- the thickness of the buffer layer is 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 5 to 50 nm, and the thickness of the base substrate is 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 2 nm. . 0 hanging. If the thickness of the buffer layer is too small, the effect of the present invention is small.If the thickness is too large, the cost increases, and there is a tendency for cracks and other adverse effects on the epitaxially grown film due to differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion. is there. On the other hand, if the thickness of the base substrate is too small, the mechanical strength tends to be insufficient and the handling workability tends to be poor. If the thickness is too thick, cracks and the like tend to increase.
- the method for producing a magnetic garnet single crystal film according to the present invention comprises:
- a step of growing a magnetic garnet single crystal film on the buffer layer by a liquid phase epitaxial growth method using the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate of the present invention is a step of growing a magnetic garnet single crystal film on the buffer layer by a liquid phase epitaxial growth method using the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate of the present invention.
- the method for manufacturing an optical element according to the present invention includes:
- the base substrate and the buffer layer are removed,
- An optical element made of the magnetic garnet single crystal film is formed while leaving only the magnetic garnet single crystal film formed on the crystal growth surface of the base substrate.
- the buffer layer may be formed not only on the crystal growth surface of the base substrate but also on the side surface intersecting the crystal growth surface. In that case, a magnetic garnet film is also formed on the side surface of the base substrate. In the present invention, the quality of the magnetic garnet film formed on the side surface of the base substrate is inferior to that of the magnetic garnet single crystal film formed on the crystal growth surface of the base substrate. It is preferable to use it as an optical element. [0 0 3 5]
- the optical element according to the present invention is obtained by the method for producing an optical element according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views showing a manufacturing process of a magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1C is a magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sputtering equipment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for performing crystal growth
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of a surface optical microscope when a crystal is grown using the substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a substrate for forming a magnetic garnet single crystal film according to another embodiment of the present invention, and a single crystal film grown using the substrate.
- Fig. 6 is a surface optical micrograph of a crystal grown using the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate shown in Fig. 5,
- FIG. 7 is a surface SEM image in a state where a single crystal film is formed on the surface of the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate according to the comparative example of the present invention.
- the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate 2 in the present embodiment has a base substrate 10 and a buffer layer 11 formed on a crystal growth surface of the pace substrate 10. .
- the base substrate 10 has a lattice constant and a thermal expansion coefficient very close to those of the magnetic garnet single crystal film 12 made of the bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal shown in FIG. And unstable.
- the buffer layer 11 is made of a garnet-based single crystal thin film that is stable against a lead oxide flux.
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film 12 is liquid phase epitaxially grown on the buffer layer 11 of the substrate 2.
- the base substrate 10 has good lattice matching with the single crystal film 12 and has a linear thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the single crystal film 12 in order to grow the magnetic garnet single crystal film 12 through the buffer layer 11. It has similar characteristics.
- Base substrate 10 are constituted for example nonmagnetic Gane Tsu preparative based single crystal represented by the general formula Ml x M2 y M3 z 0 12 .
- Ml is, for example, a metal selected from Ca, Sr, Cd and Mri.
- Ml is stable with a valence of 2+, can take a coordination number of 8, and preferably has an ionic radius in the range of 0.096 to 0.126 nm.
- M2 is a metal selected from, for example, Nb, Ding & Shop 313.
- M2 is stable at a valence of 5+, can take a coordination number of 6, and preferably has an ion radius in the range of 0.060 to 0.064 nm.
- M3 is, for example, a metal selected from Ga, Al, Fe, Ge, Si and V. M3 is stable at a valence of 3+, 4+, or 5+, can take a coordination number of 4, and has an ionic radius in this state in the range of 0.026 to 0.049 nm. preferable. Note that these ionic radii are values of the effective ionic radius determined by Shannon (RD Snnn). These Ml, M2 and M3 may each be a single metal or a combination of two or more metals.
- the metal of Ml can be partially replaced with Ca or Sr in its composition, if necessary, within the range of less than 50 atomic% to adjust the valence and lattice constant. It may be replaced by metal M4.
- M4 is, for example, at least one selected from Cd, Mn, K, Na, Li, Pb, Ba, Mg, Fe, Co, and rare earth metal Bi, preferably a coordination number. Preferably, it should be able to take eight.
- M2 is, as in Ml, in the range of less than 50 atomic%, A part thereof may be substituted with a metal M5 which can be substituted for Nb, Ta or Sb in the composition.
- M5 include Zn, Mg, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, Ga, Fe, Al, V, Sc, In, Ti, ZrSi, and Sn. At least one kind selected from the above, preferably one having a coordination number of 6 can be exemplified.
- the single crystal substrate having such a composition has a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal to be grown, and has good lattice matching with the single crystal.
- X is a number in the range of 2.98 to 3.02
- y force is 1.67 to 1.72
- z is a range of 3.15 to 3.21. .
- Thermal expansion coefficient of the base substrate 10 having such a composition is at room temperature ⁇ 850 ° C, a degree at 1.
- 09 X 1 0 S / ° C ⁇ 1. are very close to 1 6 X 1 0_ 5 / ° C.
- the thickness of the base substrate 10 is not particularly limited. However, when a thick bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or more is formed, the substrate and the substrate at the time of film formation are not required. The thickness is preferably 5 mm or less from the viewpoint that generation of cracks and warpage of the single crystal film is suppressed and a single crystal film of good quality can be obtained. If the thickness of the base substrate exceeds 1.5 mm, cracks tend to increase near the interface between the substrate and the single crystal film as the thickness increases. Further, if the thickness of the single crystal substrate 10 is too small, the mechanical strength is reduced and the handling property is deteriorated.
- the buffer layer 11 formed on the single crystal substrate 10 is made of a garnet-based single crystal thin film. As this garnet-based single crystal thin film,
- R is at least one rare earth metal and M is one selected from Ga and Fe
- X-substituted gadolinium gallium garnet (where X is at least one of Ca, Mg, and Zr).
- neodymium gallium garnet, samarium gallium garnet, gadolinium gallium garnet, and X-substituted gadolinium gallium garnet (where X is at least one of Ca, Mg, and Zr) It is preferable to use at least one kind of garnet-based material that is stable with respect to the lead oxide flux.
- the method of manufacturing the base substrate 10 in the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a method commonly used in manufacturing a conventional GGG single crystal substrate or the like can be employed.
- a homogeneous molten mixture containing at least one metal selected from M4 and at least one metal selected from M5 is prepared.
- a polycrystalline body is formed by immersing, for example, a GGG seed crystal having a major axis direction of 1 1 1> perpendicular to the liquid surface in the molten mixture and slowly pulling it up while pulling it up. .
- a buffer layer 11 made of a garnet-based single crystal thin film having the above composition is formed on the base substrate 10 thus obtained, as shown in FIG. 1B. Note that the crystal growth surface of the base substrate 10 is preferably planarized by a polishing process or the like before the formation of the buffer layer 11.
- a sputtering apparatus 30 shown in FIG. 2 When the buffer layer 11 is formed by a sputtering method, for example, a sputtering apparatus 30 shown in FIG. 2 is used.
- the sputtering apparatus 30 includes a chamber 32, a target 34 held inside the chamber 32, and a holding base 10 holding the base substrate 10 placed in the chamber so as to face the target 34.
- Mechanism 35 A high frequency high voltage is applied to the target 34 from a power supply 36.
- a sputtering gas is introduced into the champ 32 through a pipe 38, and the inside of the champ 32 is maintained at a predetermined degree of vacuum by a vacuum pump or the like connected to an exhaust port 40. ing.
- the inside of the champ 32 is maintained at 0.1 to 10 Pa, preferably 0.5 to 3 Pa, and the target 34 is supplied with 2
- An input power of 110 W / cm 2 , more preferably 3-6 WZ cm 2 is applied. By controlling the input power in this range, a high-quality buffer film can be formed.
- oxygen is contained at 35% by volume or less, more preferably at 10 to 30% by volume, in an inert gas such as Ar through the pipe 38 inside the champ 32.
- Sputter gas is introduced. With a sputtering gas (atmosphere gas) containing no oxygen, the crystal quality of the buffer layer 11 tends to be deteriorated. If the amount of oxygen is too large, abnormal discharge or the like is generated, and the quality of the buffer layer 11 is high. Tend to be difficult to obtain.
- the holding mechanism 35 does not actively heat the base substrate 10 during sputtering.
- the temperature of the substrate 10 increases with time due to the effect of the sputtering process.
- the temperature of the substrate 10 is from room temperature to less than 600 ° C, preferably from room temperature to 300 ° C, particularly preferably from room temperature to 100 ° C. Controlled at a temperature of ° C.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 11 formed on the base substrate 10 by such a sputtering process is preferably in the range of 1 to 10,000 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 nm. If the thickness of the buffer layer 11 is too small, the effect of the present invention is small, and if the thickness is too large, the cost is increased, and adverse effects such as cracks on the epitaxially grown film due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient are caused. Tends to give.
- a liquid garnet single crystal magnetic garnet single crystal film as shown in FIG. Crystal film 12 is formed.
- composition of the bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film constituting the magnetic garnet single crystal film 1 2 is, for example, general formula B i m R 3 - m F e 5 - "Mn0 12 (R in the formula, a rare earth metal M is at least one metal selected from Ga, Al, In, Sc, Si, Ti, Ge and Mg, and m and n are , 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 3.0, 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 1.5).
- examples of the rare earth metal represented by R include Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and the like. These may be included alone or in combination of two or more.
- M is a non-magnetic metal element which can be substituted for Fe, and is Ga, Al, In, Sc, Si, Ti, Ge, Mg. Well, two or more kinds may be contained.
- the substitution ratio n of the nonmagnetic metal element with Fe is selected in the range of 0 to 1.5.
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film by liquid phase epitaxy for example, (1) bismuth oxide, (2) at least one rare earth metal oxide, and (3) oxide Iron and (4) optionally used oxides of at least one metal selected from among Ga, A1, In, Sc, Si, Ti, Ge and Mg, Prepare homogeneous molten mixtures, each containing a predetermined proportion.
- lead oxide is usually used as a main component, but other deposition media such as bismuth oxide may be used.
- boron oxide or the like may be contained as a crystal growth improver.
- the substrate 2 of the present invention in the molten mixture (the solute flux 22 in the crucible 20 shown in FIG. 3), the surface of the buffer layer 11 The crystal is epitaxially grown to form a magnetic garnet single crystal film 12.
- the temperature of the molten mixture at this time varies depending on the composition of the raw material mixture and the like, but is usually selected in the range of 600 to 100 ° C.
- the substrate 2 may be allowed to stand in the molten mixture for epitaxy growth, or may be epitaxially grown while being appropriately rotated by the rotating shaft 24 shown in FIG. When the substrate 2 is rotated, the number of rotation is advantageously about 10 to 200 r.
- the deposition rate is usually about 0.08 to 0.8 ⁇ m / min.
- the immersion time varies depending on the film-forming speed, the desired film thickness, and the like, and cannot be unconditionally determined, but is usually about 10 to 100 hours.
- the substrate 2 is pulled up from the molten mixture and adhered. Shake the molten mixture thoroughly and cool to room temperature. Next, the substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution of a mineral acid such as dilute nitric acid to remove the solidified molten mixture adhering to the surface of the formed single crystal film, and then washed with water and dried.
- a mineral acid such as dilute nitric acid
- the thickness of the magnetic garnet single crystal film 12 made of the bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal formed on the substrate 2 is usually in the range of 100 to 100 ⁇ . Further, its thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature ⁇ 8 5 0 ° C, 1 . 0 X 1 0- 5 Bruno. Celsius to 1. A 2 X 1 0- 3 Z ° about C.
- the crystal structure and composition of the bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film formed on the substrate 2 can be identified by X-ray diffraction and composition analysis using fluorescent X-rays, respectively.
- the performance of the single crystal film 12 is such that the substrate 2 (base substrate 10 + buffer layer 11) is removed from the single crystal film 12 by polishing or the like, and then both surfaces of the single crystal film 12 are polished. After processing, an anti-reflection film is provided on both surfaces, and the Faraday rotation coefficient, transmission loss, and temperature characteristics can be determined to evaluate.
- the buffer layer 11 is continuously formed not only on the bottom surface (crystal growth surface) 10 a of the base substrate 10 but also on the entire periphery of the side surface 10 b. Formed.
- Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the buffer layer 11 includes a bottom surface buffer layer 11 a formed on the bottom surface 10 a of the base substrate 10 and a side surface buffer layer (formed on the side surface 10 b of the base substrate 10). Side protection film).
- the buffer layer 11 is formed not only on the bottom surface 10 a of the base substrate 10 but also on the side surface 1 Ob of the base substrate 10. Therefore, in the present embodiment, not only the bottom surface 10a of the base substrate 10 but also the side surface 10b is polished, and the film is formed under the condition that the buffer layer 11 is formed on the side surface 10b.
- the film forming pressure is set to 0.1 to 10 Pa, preferably 1 to 3 Pa, so that not only the bottom surface 10 a of the base substrate 10 but also the side surface 10 b is protected. A membrane lib is formed.
- the side buffer layer 11b is formed not only on the bottom surface 10a of the base substrate 10 but also on the side surface 10b under general film forming conditions.
- the material of the bottom buffer layer 11a formed on the bottom surface 10a of the base substrate 10 and the material of the side buffer layer 11b formed on the side surface 10b of the base substrate 10 May be different but may be the same. However, it is preferable that these buffer layers 11a and 11b are formed simultaneously. This can reduce the number of steps for forming the buffer layer 11.
- the film quality of the side buffer layer 11b may be lower than that of the bottom buffer layer 11a. This is because the side growth film 12b to be formed on the surface of the side buffer layer 11b may be removed in a later step.
- the bottom buffer layer 10a may be formed by the sputtering method described in the first embodiment, and the side buffer layer 1 lb may be formed by employing a chemical solution method such as a sol-gel method.
- a solution for forming the side buffer layer (side protection film) 11 3 ⁇ 4 may be applied using a brush or a spray.
- the thickness of the bottom buffer layer 11a and the thickness of the side buffer layer 1lb may be the same or different.
- the thickness of these buffer layers 11a and 11b is preferably in the range of 1 to 10,000 nm, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 nm. If the thickness of these buffer layers 11 a and 1 lb is too small, the effect of the present invention is small. If the thickness is too large, the cost is high, and cracks occur on the epitaxially grown film due to differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion. Tends to adversely affect
- the liquid phase A magnetic garnet single crystal film 12 composed of a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film is formed by the epitaxial growth method.
- a single crystal film is formed on the bottom surface of the magnetic garnet single crystal film forming substrate 2 but also a side surface growth film (not necessarily a single crystal film) on the side surface. Is formed.
- the side growth film 12b formed on the side surface of the substrate 2 generally has lower film quality than the bottom single crystal film 12a formed on the bottom surface, and is removed later.
- the side growth film 1 2b formed on the side surface of the substrate 2 is removed by polishing or the like, and formed on the bottom surface of the substrate 2. It is preferable to form the optical element only with the single crystal film 12a.
- the buffer layer 11 is formed not only on the crystal growth surface of the base substrate 10 but also on the side surface of the base substrate that intersects the crystal growth surface. And the quality of the magnetic garnet single crystal film 12 is improved, and the production yield is also improved.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be variously modified within the scope of the present invention.
- the buffer layer 11 is formed only on the bottom surface 10 a and the side surface 10 b of the base substrate 10.
- the upper surface 10 of the base substrate 10 is formed.
- the buffer layer 11 may be formed on the entire peripheral surface of the base substrate 10 including c.
- the obtained single crystal was cut to a predetermined thickness perpendicular to the growth direction, mirror-polished on both sides, and then etched with hot phosphoric acid to produce a CNGG single crystal substrate (pace substrate 10).
- Thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature ⁇ 850 ° C of the single-crystal substrate (alpha) was 1. 07 X 10- 5 / ° C .
- the thickness of this CNGG single crystal substrate was 0.6 mm o
- the crystal growth surface of the CNGG single crystal substrate by a sputtering method to form a Nd 3 Ga 5 0 is (NGG ) thin film (buffer layer 1 1). Specifically, using an NGG sintered body as a target, sputtering film formation was performed under the following film formation conditions, and then annealing treatment was performed.
- Substrate temperature 20 ° C (room temperature without heating),
- Atmosphere Ar + O 2 (10 volumes./.), 1 Pa,
- Film thickness of the buffer layer 11 50 nm.
- Atmosphere O2, 1 atm,
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film was formed by a liquid phase epitaxial growth method using the CNGG substrate with an NGG film thus obtained (substrate 2). More specifically, a platinum Rutsupo, Ho 2 0 3 5. 747 g, Gd 2 ⁇ 3 6. 724 g, B 2 0 3 to 43. 21 g, F e 2 ⁇ 3 126. 84 g , 99.6 g of PbO and 826.4 g of 8 ⁇ ⁇ 3 , melt at about 1000 ° C, stir and homogenize, then lower the temperature at a rate of 120 ° C / r to 832 ° C Supersaturation was maintained.
- the substrate 2 obtained by the above-described method is immersed in the melt, and while the substrate is rotated at 100 rpm, the single crystal film is subjected to liquid phase epitaxy for 40 hours, and the bottom surface of the substrate 2 ( On the crystal growth surface), a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film 12 having a thickness of about 450 ⁇ m was formed.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of photographing the surface of the single crystal film 12 with an optical microscope photograph.
- the difference between the lattice constant of this single crystal film and the lattice constant of the CNGG substrate as the base substrate was measured, and was found to be 0.009 A, which was within ⁇ 0.02 A.
- the difference between the lattice constant of this single crystal film and the lattice constant of the NGG thin film as the buffer layer was 0.007 A.
- the measurement of the lattice constant was performed by the X-ray diffraction method.
- the substrate 2 (base Ichisu substrate 10 and the buffer layer 1 1) it is removed by polishing, and polishing both surfaces of the single crystal film 12, S I_ ⁇ 2 or on both sides thereof others with a non-reflective film made of T a 2 0 5, the Faraday rotation angle of the wavelength 1.
- transmission loss Contact Yopi temperature characteristic of Faraday rotation angle 45 deg, full Arade rotation coefficient The transmission loss was 0.15 de gZ / zm, the transmission loss was 0.05 dB, and the temperature characteristic was 0.065 de gZ ° C. In each case, the optical characteristics of the optical isolator were satisfactory.
- the Faraday rotation angle was obtained by injecting a polarized laser beam having a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m into the single crystal film and measuring the angle of the polarization plane of the emitted light.
- the transmission loss was determined from the difference between the laser light intensity at a wavelength of 1.55 ⁇ m transmitted through the single crystal film and the light intensity without the single crystal film.
- the temperature characteristics were measured by changing the sample temperature from 140 ° C to 85 ° C, measuring the rotation angle, and calculating from the measured values.
- the thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature ⁇ 850 ° C of the single crystal film is 1. a 1 0X 10- 5 / ° C. Difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the base substrate and the single crystal film was 0. 03 X 10 one 5 Z ° C. No cracks were observed in the obtained single crystal film. I was terrible.
- the buffer layer was annealed at temperatures of 600 ° C. and 900 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the buffer layer was formed on the surface of the CNGG substrate as the base substrate.
- An NGG film was formed as a buffer layer.
- the volume percent of oxygen in the (inert gas such as Ar) Kiri ⁇ vapor gas during sputtering (0 2), 0 vol%, 20 body product%, 30 vol%
- An NGG film as a buffer layer was formed on the surface of a CNGG substrate as a base substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the volume was changed to 35% by volume.
- the input power during sputtering 2 ⁇ 1 0WZcm 2, that is preferably to further control the 3 ⁇ 6 W / cm 2, it was confirmed that it is a child form a good-quality puffer film . If the input power is too low, the deposition rate tends to be low and productivity tends to decrease. If the input power is too high, the base substrate will be damaged, crystallinity will decrease, and cracks in the target will tend to occur. Was also confirmed.
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film was formed by the same liquid phase epitaxy method as in Example 1 using the thus obtained CNGG single crystal substrate with the GCGMZG thin film. No crack was observed in the obtained single crystal film.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a CNGG single crystal substrate with an NGG thin film was produced. Using this CNGG single crystal substrate with the NGG thin film, a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film was formed by liquid phase epitaxy.
- a single crystal substrate material formed by forming a 250 nm NGG thin film on the bottom surface of a 0.6 mm thick CNGG substrate is immersed in this solution, and the single crystal film is formed while rotating the substrate at 100 rpm.
- Liquid epitaxy was performed for 43 hours to form a 560-thick bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film on the bottom surface of the substrate.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a CNG G single crystal substrate with an NGG thin film was produced. Using this CNGG single crystal substrate with the NGG thin film, a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film was formed by liquid phase epitaxy.
- a platinum crucible Gd 2 0 3 to 7. 653 g, the Yb 2 ⁇ 3 6. 77 8 g, B 2 0 3 to 43. 21 g, F e 2 0 3 1 13. 2 g, the Ga 2 0 3 19. 02 g, a l 2 ⁇ 3 3. 35 g, Pb O to 869. 7 g, the B i 2 ⁇ 3 946. 3 g input is, at about 1000 ° C After dissolving, stirring and homogenizing, the temperature was lowered at a rate of 120 ° C / hr to maintain a supersaturated state of 829 ° C.
- a single crystal substrate material in which a 250 nm NGG thin film is formed on the bottom surface of a CNGG substrate having a substrate thickness of 0.6 ⁇ lm is immersed, and the single crystal film is rotated while rotating the substrate at 100 rpm.
- Liquid epitaxy was performed for 43 hours to form a 520 ⁇ m-thick bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film on the bottom surface of the substrate.
- the Faraday rotation coefficient was The transmission loss was 0.13 deg / m, the transmission loss was 0.05 dB, and the temperature characteristic was -0.095 deg / ° C. Further, the thermal expansion coefficient of this single crystal film was 1.05 ⁇ 10 5 / ° C. Difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the base substrate and the single crystal film was 0. 0 2 X 10- 5 / ° C. No crack was observed in the obtained single crystal film.
- an NGG film as a buffer layer on a CNGG substrate as a base substrate When forming an NGG film as a buffer layer on a CNGG substrate as a base substrate by sputtering, the pressure in the chamber was changed to 3 Pa, and as shown in Fig. 5, a CNGG substrate as a base substrate was formed.
- a CNGG single crystal substrate with an NGG thin film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a buffer layer was also formed on the side surface of the substrate.
- a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film was formed by a liquid phase epitaxial growth method in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of photographing the surface of the single crystal film with an optical microscope. From the results shown in FIG. 6, the density of surface defects (etch pits / black spots shown in FIG. 6) was determined by area ratio and found to be 0.04%. The results shown in FIG. 6 confirm that the defect density is lower than the results shown in FIG.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a CNGG single-crystal substrate was prepared, and a buffer layer composed of a single-crystal thin film that was stable with respect to lead oxide was not formed at all. Bismuth-substituted rare-earth iron garnet bonded by liquid phase epitaxy A crystalline film was formed.
- Figure 7 is a SEM image of the surface of the substrate after the experiment, and it was confirmed that the surface was considerably etched. X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed that a bismuth-substituted rare earth iron garnet single crystal film was not formed.
- a thick magnetic garnet single crystal film having no crystal defects, warpage, cracks, peeling, etc. is produced with high quality, good yield, and stable by liquid phase epitaxy.
- a substrate for forming a magnetic crystal single crystal film, an optical element, and a method for manufacturing the same which can be formed at low cost.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04705945A EP1595979A4 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-01-28 | SUBSTRATE FOR MANUFACTURING A MAGNETIC GRANATEINE CRYSTAL FILM, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR, OPTICAL DEVICE AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR |
| US10/544,099 US20060150893A1 (en) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-01-28 | Substrate for forming magnetic garnet single-crystal film, process for producing the same, optical device and process for producing the same |
| JP2005504796A JPWO2004070091A1 (ja) | 2003-02-04 | 2004-01-28 | 磁性ガーネット単結晶膜形成用基板、その製造方法、光学素子およびその製造方法 |
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| JP2003027165 | 2003-02-04 | ||
| JP2003-027165 | 2003-04-02 |
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| WO2004070091A1 true WO2004070091A1 (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20060150893A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1595979A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2004070091A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1768167A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004070091A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011034132A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 透明導電膜の製造方法、半導体発光素子の製造方法及び半導体発光素子、ランプ、透明導電性基体の製造方法及び透明導電性基体、並びに、電子機器 |
| WO2022004077A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ビスマス置換希土類鉄ガーネット単結晶膜の製造方法、ファラデー回転子及び光アイソレータ |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7474820B2 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2009-01-06 | Invuity, Inc. | Micro-optic adapters and tips for surgical illumination fibers |
| DE102006040576B4 (de) * | 2006-08-30 | 2009-10-08 | Angaris Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dünnschicht-Thermogenerators |
| JP5729182B2 (ja) | 2010-08-31 | 2015-06-03 | 株式会社リコー | n型III族窒化物単結晶の製造方法、n型III族窒化物単結晶および結晶基板 |
| CN104699300B (zh) * | 2015-03-05 | 2018-07-06 | 业成光电(深圳)有限公司 | 基板结构 |
| CN106048726B (zh) * | 2016-07-04 | 2019-03-05 | 南京大学 | 一种钇铁石榴石薄膜的外延生长方法 |
| CN109164603B (zh) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-03-27 | 电子科技大学 | 一种基于转移打印在硅上低温集成石榴石薄膜的方法 |
| CN115537915B (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-03-12 | 电子科技大学 | 一种单晶外延生长中重复使用石榴石衬底的方法 |
| CN115522262B (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-03-12 | 电子科技大学 | 一种磁光传感用成像单晶晶片快速生产的方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03232798A (ja) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-10-16 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | ガーネット薄膜の形成方法 |
| JPH07176429A (ja) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-07-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 磁性ガーネット単結晶膜およびその製造方法 |
| WO2003000963A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-03 | Tdk Corporation | Substrate for forming magnetic garnet single crystal film, optical device, and its production method |
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| US6678270B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2004-01-13 | Sandstorm Enterprises, Inc. | Packet interception system including arrangement facilitating authentication of intercepted packets |
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- 2004-01-28 JP JP2005504796A patent/JPWO2004070091A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-01-28 US US10/544,099 patent/US20060150893A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-28 WO PCT/JP2004/000760 patent/WO2004070091A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-01-28 EP EP04705945A patent/EP1595979A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03232798A (ja) * | 1990-02-05 | 1991-10-16 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | ガーネット薄膜の形成方法 |
| JPH07176429A (ja) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-07-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 磁性ガーネット単結晶膜およびその製造方法 |
| WO2003000963A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-03 | Tdk Corporation | Substrate for forming magnetic garnet single crystal film, optical device, and its production method |
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| See also references of EP1595979A4 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011034132A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 透明導電膜の製造方法、半導体発光素子の製造方法及び半導体発光素子、ランプ、透明導電性基体の製造方法及び透明導電性基体、並びに、電子機器 |
| WO2022004077A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ビスマス置換希土類鉄ガーネット単結晶膜の製造方法、ファラデー回転子及び光アイソレータ |
| JP2022013228A (ja) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-18 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ビスマス置換希土類鉄ガーネット単結晶膜の製造方法、ファラデー回転子及び光アイソレータ |
| JP7348142B2 (ja) | 2020-07-03 | 2023-09-20 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | ビスマス置換希土類鉄ガーネット単結晶膜の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2004070091A1 (ja) | 2006-05-25 |
| CN1768167A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
| US20060150893A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
| EP1595979A1 (en) | 2005-11-16 |
| EP1595979A4 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
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