WO2004090631A2 - Ecran de retroprojection - Google Patents
Ecran de retroprojection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004090631A2 WO2004090631A2 PCT/FR2004/000839 FR2004000839W WO2004090631A2 WO 2004090631 A2 WO2004090631 A2 WO 2004090631A2 FR 2004000839 W FR2004000839 W FR 2004000839W WO 2004090631 A2 WO2004090631 A2 WO 2004090631A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- diffuser
- screen
- angle
- support
- opaque layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
- G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
- G03B21/62—Translucent screens
- G03B21/625—Lenticular translucent screens
Definitions
- the object of the invention is a rear projection screen for professional and general public applications (television, high resolution graphic monitor, video walls, etc.).
- Such a screen is described in WO-A-00 67071. Reference may be made to this request for a discussion of the ideal properties of screens and for the definitions of contrast, transmission and other parameters defining the screens.
- Another important property for rear projection screens is the viewing angle at the screen output. This angle is often measured in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction, always compared to the normal on the screen. Either the extinction angle or the half-luminance angle can be used for the measurement.
- the extinction angle corresponds to the value of the angle with the normal for which the screen stops emitting light.
- the half-luminance angle is the value of the angle with the normal for which the luminance has a value equal to half the luminance in the direction normal to the surface of the screen.
- the values of these viewing angles depend on the use of the screen; thus, the viewing angle in the vertical direction is not an important criterion for a home television screen; on the contrary, for a graphic monitor, the viewing angle in vertical direction is higher to allow a user to see the images over their entire height, at a short distance.
- US-A-5,066,099 (Hitachi) describes a screen formed by a Fresnel lens and a flat element having vertical cylindrical lenticles on the entry face and cylindrical lenticles on the exit face, separated by ribs.
- the purpose of lenticles is to provide an open viewing angle at the exit of the screen, in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the lenticles.
- a diffusion layer is provided on the outlet face and the ribs are covered with an opaque layer.
- US-A-6,307,675 (Toppan) provides a screen having, in order, a first element with horizontal cylindrical lenses on the entry surface, a volume diffuser and a Fresnel lens on the exit surface, then a second element with vertical cylindrical lenses and an alternation of opaque or light-passing bands.
- a similar teaching of a volume diffuser is found in US-A-5,477,380, US-A-6,271,965 or US-B-6,400,504 (Dai Nippon Printing), or in US-A-6,256,145 ( Sony) and US-A-2002/0 109 915 (Hitachi).
- the viewing angle in the horizontal direction is essentially ensured by the presence, at the outlet of the screen, of vertical cylindrical lenticles.
- these lenticles are aspherical, to increase the viewing angle on exit.
- the contrast in these screens depends in particular on the proportion of the screen surface represented by the openings in the black layer.
- the opaque layer represents approximately 35% of the screen surface; US-A-6 256 145 (Sony) indicates that the opaque layer represents 65 to 75% of the surface of the screen.
- US-A-4,566,756 describes a screen formed by a single plate.
- This screen has an entry surface with lenticular elements, filaments extending substantially perpendicular to the direction of the lenticular elements, and, on the on the exit surface of the single plate, absorbent strips around the focal lines of the elements. lenticular.
- the integration in a single plate of the optical functions, in particular the contrast and the horizontal and vertical emissivity angles, leads to a downward compromise on the characteristics such as the contrast, the optical transmission and the screen resolution.
- the diffusing filaments are supposed to also reinforce the plate with a thickness close to 1.5 mm; this is hypothetical and limits the dimensions of the screen.
- the step or period values proposed in this document correspond to low-end TV applications. This type of screen is not easy to produce industrially, and has moreover never appeared on the market on the date of filing of this application.
- Reflexite Display Optics Rear Projection Screens for Different Applications describes projection screens composed of a Fresnel lens and a broadcast screen.
- the company Reflexite Display Optics also markets surface relief diffusing microstructures (in English Surface Relief Diffusive Microstructures or SRDM), which make it possible to scatter light with a predetermined gain distribution.
- SRDM Surface Relief Diffusive Microstructures
- the invention therefore proposes, in one embodiment, a screen comprising in the direction of propagation of the projected light:
- a diffuser with an elongated radiation pattern with a large horizontal axis; a support having a light entry surface with cylindrical focusing elements substantially parallel to the major axis of the radiation pattern of the diffuser, the support further having an opaque layer with openings adapted to allow the light focused by the elements to pass through of focus.
- the screen can advantageously have one or more of the following characteristics: - the diffuser has a radiation pattern with a half-light angle less than ⁇ 10 °, or even ⁇ 5 °, in the vertical direction; the diffuser has a radiation diagram with an elongation greater than 6, preferably greater than 12; the openings in the opaque layer represent at most 30% of the entire surface, or even at most 20% and preferably at most 10% of the entire surface; the diffuser is a surface diffuser; the active surface of the surface diffuser is turned towards the support; the diffuser is a holographic diffuser with an active surface opposite the support; the screen comprises an additional diffuser, such as a conical diffuser or a diffuser having a maximum angle of diffusion less than the vertical angle of diffusion of the diffuser with an elongated radiation diagram; the additional diffuser is a surface diffuser formed on a surface of the diffuser; the additional diffuser is a surface diffuser formed adjacent to the opaque layer; - The screen has a substrate arranged over the opaque layer.
- the screen also has a Fresnel lens with the active surface towards the diffuser.
- a Fresnel lens with the active surface towards the diffuser.
- the screen may also have one or more of the following characteristics: the additional diffuser is a surface diffuser formed on the entry surface of the Fresnel lens; an optical transmission greater than or equal to 0.70; a half-luminance emission angle in the horizontal plane greater than ⁇ 48 ° and an extinction angle in the horizontal plane greater than ⁇ 72 °; a resolution along the horizontal axis greater than 10 pairs of lines per mm;
- the Fresnel lens, the diffuser, the support and the substrate can be assembled by peripheral bonding.
- An anti-reflection layer preferably of the fly eye type, can also be provided on at least one non-diffusing surface.
- An anti-reflection layer can be provided on all the non-diffusing layers.
- the support, on the side of the opaque layer, can be bonded to the substrate.
- the screen may have an external frame in which the substrate is mounted, a first frame supporting the diffuser and a second frame supporting the lens.
- the invention also proposes an overhead projector, comprising a projector and such a screen with a Fresnel lens adapted to collimate the light coming from the projector.
- the overhead projector has a contrast greater than 500 under ambient illumination of 100 lux, for a luminous flux from the projector of 500 lumens.
- FIG. 1 a schematic view in vertical section of an overhead projector using a screen according to the invention
- FIG. 2 a schematic view of a cylindrical focusing element
- FIG. 4 a graph of the radiation pattern of the screen diffuser;
- FIG. 5 a schematic partial perspective view of the screen;
- FIG. 6, a view of the opaque layer and of the trace of the radiation diagram;
- FIG. 7, a schematic view of a screen with aspherical focusing elements;
- FIG. 8 a view of an aspheric lenticular support adapted to a screen for a graphic monitor or video image walls;
- Figure 9 a view of an aspherical lenticular support adapted to a TV screen;
- FIGS. 10a to 10d details of construction of a screen;
- Figure 11 a sectional view on a larger scale of a screen.
- the term "diffuser” is understood to mean an optical object which, receiving a light beam, provides a plurality of light beams in output in different directions.
- a surface diffuser is called a diffuser in which a continuous surface separates two media of different index; a distinction can be made between “classic” surface diffusers and holographic surface diffusers.
- a ray incident on the surface corresponds to a refracted ray.
- two very close rays are refracted in very different directions; we can therefore, by approximation, consider that an incident light beam is transformed into a plurality of beams. This leads to the desired diffuser effect.
- an incident ray is transformed into several diffractive rays.
- an incident beam is transformed into several diffract beams.
- a volume diffuser is for example obtained by an "emulsion" of particles in a transparent matrix of optical index ni; if the particles are very fine (less than a micron), there is light diffraction; if their size is larger and with an optical index n2 (with n2> ni) as is the case with lenticulars on TV screens, there is light refraction.
- a surface diffuser uses not particles in a volume, but a complex and continuous surface separating two media with different optical indices. The complex and continuous surface has a thickness which is typically less than 10 microns (peak-to-peak distance).
- Such a diffuser can for example comprise a surface holographic diffuser fabricated by interference of a light on a surface, or by replication of a master surface.
- a diffuser may also include a surface diffuser, one surface of which has irregularities of small dimension, typically less than 10 microns thick. These irregularities can be obtained by sandblasting, by replication or by another process.
- the media of different optical index can be air and a material such as plastic; one can also use a medium of index ni, with a complex surface and a second medium of a different index n2 applied to the first medium to fill and smooth (or surface) the roughness of the first medium.
- a screen is characterized in particular by viewing angles, most often in horizontal and vertical directions.
- the horizontal direction we consider the direction of maximum luminance - generally normal to the screen; the angle between this direction of maximum luminance and the direction for which the luminance is equal to half of the maximum luminance is then measured. This angle corresponds to the half-viewing angle at half-luminance.
- the viewing angle at half-luminance in the horizontal direction assuming that the screen has a symmetrical radiation pattern, is equal to twice this half-angle. It is also possible to measure the angle of vision on extinction by considering the angle between the direction of maximum luminance and the direction of extinction. The same is done in the vertical direction.
- the term "viewing angle" is used in an abusive manner, but customary for those skilled in the art, to designate both the half-angle and the angle; in particular, the notation ⁇ ⁇ designates the viewing angle, with ⁇ the half-angle. Thereafter, the notation ⁇ (L / 2) will also be used to designate the half-angle.
- the invention provides a screen, comprising - a diffuser having an elongated radiation diagram with a large horizontal axis; a support with cylindrical focusing elements substantially parallel to the major axis of the radiation pattern of the diffuser, an opaque layer with apertures adapted to let the light focused by the focusing elements pass.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view in vertical section of an overhead projector using such a screen, while Figure 2 shows a view of the lenticular elements and Figure 3 an enlarged view of part of the screen.
- FIG. 1 shows the projector 2, which is for example a liquid crystal projector or a projector
- the screen has a diffuser 8 and a support 10 with focusing elements.
- the diffuser 8 in the example of FIG. 1, is a surface holographic diffuser having an active surface 12 directed towards the Fresnel lens and a planar surface. 14 through which the light having passed through the diffuser emerges. As indicated above, the diffuser has an elongated radiation pattern, with a large horizontal axis.
- This axis can be defined in the most general case by considering the curve delimiting the illuminated area in a plane parallel to the diffuser, when the latter is illuminated with light at normal incidence.
- the major axis is defined by the couple of the most distant points on this curve and corresponds to the direction of elongation of the radiation diagram.
- An elongation can be defined by considering a rectangle in which the curve is inscribed; the elongation is then the ratio between the length and the width of the rectangle.
- the curve is an ellipse and the major axis passes through the two foci of the ellipse.
- the figure shows the example of a holographic diffuser; it is advantageous that the active surface of the diffuser is the entry surface, which receives the rays coming from the Fresnel lens. This ensures a better performance of the holographic diffuser, in terms of emission lobe.
- the thickness of the diffuser can be very small - on the order of 125 ⁇ m, the loss of resolution due to the diffusion before the focusing elements is negligible.
- An SRDM can also be used as a diffuser; such a diffuser can operate with the active surface at the input or output.
- the active surface of the diffuser is the light-emitting surface, adjacent to the support with focusing elements; this limits the loss in resolution by diffusion in the thickness of the diffuser.
- the active surface is then arranged as close as possible to the focusing elements of the support 10. In either case, the advantage of a surface diffuser, compared to a volume diffuser, is a higher transmission, associated to moderate backscatter.
- a surface diffuser of a type other than a holographic or SRDM diffuser can also be used.
- a surface diffuser with vertically oriented micro-grooves makes it possible to obtain a large diffusion in the horizontal direction and a weak or zero diffusion in the vertical direction.
- Such a diffuser can be obtained by directional sanding or by etching, or finally by replication using a photosensitive resin of a master diffuser made by sanding or by etching.
- the support 10 with focusing elements receives the light coming from the diffuser. It has an entry surface 16 with cylindrical focusing elements 18; cylindrical means a surface defined by a family of parallel lines resting on a curve, this definition being wider than the simple cylinder of revolution.
- the focusing elements can therefore have the shape of an arc of a circle in a plane pe ⁇ endicular to the lines of the family; one can also use aspherical focusing elements - with a shape other than an arc of a circle: ellipsoidal, parabolic or other profiles adapted according to US-A-4 490 010 (DNP). Such a shape contributes to the spreading of light rays and can also make it possible to control the angle of vision in the direction pe ⁇ endicular to the straight lines of the family.
- the focusing elements are substantially parallel to the major axis of the diffuser, which amounts to saying that the lines of the family which defines them are substantially horizontal. Ideally, the focusing elements are exactly parallel to this major axis. In practice, due to mounting constraints, there may be an angle between the major axis of the diffuser and the focusing elements, as explained below with reference to FIG. 6.
- the support also has an opaque layer 20, with openings 22 adapted to let the light focused by the focusing elements pass.
- This opaque layer extends for example in the plane of focus of the focusing elements and has elongated openings parallel to the focusing elements. It can be formed by the methods described in WO-A-00 67071 or in the French patent applications filed under the numbers 02 02086, 02 10885, 02 10829 or 02 12987. One can for example expose a photosensitive layer through them. focusing elements or locally destroy the opaque layer using a laser or the like, through the focusing elements.
- the support 10, flexible, provided with the etched opaque layer 20 is bonded to the rigid substrate 24, provided with the anti-reflection layer 26.
- This anti-reflection layer can be of the economical plastic type, with fly eye structure (moth -eye) replicated in the surface of the substrate, or with dielectric multilayers evaporated or produced according to the sol-gel method.
- a fly eye type anti-reflection layer has a reflection coefficient Ri of 0.1% from 0 ° to 40 ° angle of incidence of the light beam; this reflection coefficient is limited to 1% at an angle of incidence of 60 °, compared to a value of 10% for an acrylic-air interface.
- Ri a reflection coefficient of 0.1% from 0 ° to 40 ° angle of incidence of the light beam
- this reflection coefficient is limited to 1% at an angle of incidence of 60 °, compared to a value of 10% for an acrylic-air interface.
- it is proposed to apply a fly-eye or other anti-reflection layer on all the non-diffusing surfaces of the assembly of the Fresnel lens, of the diffuser, of the support and of the substrate in particular, one can apply such a layer on the entry surface of the Fresnel lens, where the angle of incidence in the corners can be high in the case of a projector of compact design (see US-A- 5,590,943, Hitachi with angles up to 70 °).
- Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of focusing elements; in the example, the focusing elements are portions of width A of half-cylinders of revolution of radius r.
- the support has a thickness e. .
- the exit plane of the support (10) is almost the focal plane of the lenticulars (18).
- the support with focusing elements has an index ni.
- FIG 3 is an enlarged view of a screen, with the focusing elements of Figure 2; we have considered the example of a surface diffuser with an active surface directed towards the focusing elements.
- a substrate 24 is bonded to the opaque layer with an anti-reflective layer on the surface 26 of the substrate.
- the substrate provides both the mechanical rigidity of the support 10 and protection of the opaque layer.
- the operation of the screen in Figures 1 and 3 is as follows.
- the light emitted by the projector is collimated by the Fresnel lens and therefore arrives at normal incidence on the diffuser. It is diffused according to the radiation pattern of the diffuser and arrives on the cylindrical focusing elements of the support.
- the radiation pattern of the diffuser is elongated with a large horizontal axis, the rays from the diffuser are in planes, slightly inclined relative to the horizontal plane and are focused by the focusing elements towards the openings in the opaque layer.
- the horizontal viewing angle at the screen output is essentially determined by the characteristics of the diffuser; specifically, the horizontal viewing angle is equal to the opening angle of the radiation pattern of the diffuser 8 along the major axis.
- the spreading of the light rays in the vertical direction is mainly ensured by the lenticular elements, as illustrated in the examples below.
- the advantages of the screen in Figures 1 and 3 are as follows. As the horizontal viewing angle is essentially determined by the radiation pattern of the diffuser, this angle can be easily adjusted by changing the diffuser. The screen can therefore very easily be modified to adapt it to different viewing angles in the horizontal direction. One can also obtain horizontal viewing angles as high as desired - simply by choosing a diffuser with a large horizontal diffusion angle.
- the screen may have a high contrast.
- the screen may also have a high resolution.
- the horizontal resolution of the screen is practically equal to that of the diffuser because the lenticular network has no influence on the horizontal; values greater than 10 ⁇ l / mm (pairs of lines per millimeter) are common for a surface diffuser.
- the resolution corresponds to twice the distance between two openings in the opaque layer, therefore twice the period of the lenticular network: in fact, two lenticles are necessary to clearly separate, with a modulation greater than 30%, a line lit ON with a line off OFF.
- the invention therefore leads to a horizontal resolution much higher than that of the state of the art: this involves a vertical lenticular network which limits the horizontal screen resolution.
- the screen also minimizes Moiré phenomena. These phenomena are caused by the supe ⁇ osition of regular structures - for example the pixels of liquid crystal or DMD displays, microreliefs of the Fresnel lens, output lenticulars in the case of a device according to the state of the art.
- the presence on the screen of a diffuser limits or eliminates Moiré phenomena. This is particularly the case when using a holographic diffuser with random surface structure placed between the Fresnel lens (periodic) and the support with focusing elements (periodic).
- the use of a periodic SRDM type diffuser can lead to limited Moiré phenomena due to the periodicity of the elements of the active surface.
- the reference 28 is a layer of glue laminated or otherwise arranged between the opaque layer 20 and the substrate 24 for the assembly of the support 10.
- PS A pressure sensitive adhesive in English
- the diffuser and its support are glued to the edges of the assembly and the Fresnel lens is laminated to the edges of the assembly.
- the substrate assembled to the lenticular is cut out.
- the whole of the substrate and the support with the focusing elements, the diffuser and its support as well as the Fresnel lens are assembled by clips and assembly elements on the edges, so as to provide a screen with edges also purposes as possible.
- the distance between two adjacent focusing elements 18, which is also the size of a lenticular element in the vertical direction is noted the distance e between the surface of the focusing elements and the opaque layer, corresponds to the thickness of the focusing elements; in FIG.
- a is the dimension in a vertical direction of the openings in the opaque layer.
- ni, n2 and n3 the respective indices of the lenticular elements, of the glue and of the substrate; in the schematic representation of the figure, we have considered the case of equal indices; the value of the common index is denoted n below.
- the a / A ratio is the percentage X% of opening in the opaque layer.
- a radius XX ′ passing through the center O of a lenticular element and passing through the edge of the corresponding opening 22 in the opaque layer.
- the figure shows the ray 32 emitted just before the extinction in the vertical direction, incident with an angle ⁇ at the edge of a lenticular element, which passes through the edge of the corresponding opening 22, ⁇ is the angle at shutdown of the diffuser.
- ⁇ the angle of incidence of ray 32 on the opaque layer, which, due to the equality of the indices in the example, is also the incident angle of ray 32 on the surface 26 of substrate 24.
- the radius 32 leaves the screen by forming an angle ⁇ with the normal to the screen.
- the limit angle of the radiation pattern of the diffuser, in the vertical direction is less than or equal to this angle ⁇ , all of the rays leaving the diffuser 8 and incident on the lenticular elements 18 pass through the opaque layer through the openings. We can therefore ensure a 100% screen transmission, neglecting the attenuation. From this point of view, it is wise to adapt the size of the openings in the opaque layer to the value of the angle of the radiation pattern of the diffuser in the vertical direction. The higher this angle, the larger the openings in the opaque layer must allow total or almost total transmission. The size of the openings affects the contrast of the screen: the smaller the openings, the more the light incident on the screen from the outside - the right side in the figure - is absorbed.
- Figure 4 shows the appearance of the radiation pattern of the diffuser.
- the relative light intensity on the ordinate is shown on the ordinate and the angle on the abscissa.
- the graphs show the typical results of a measurement 34 in the horizontal direction and a measurement 36 in the vertical direction.
- the example is that of a surface holographic diffuser of the type marketed by the company POC, located in Torrance, USA, for mid-luminance angle values of ⁇ 40 ° along the major axis and ⁇ 2 ° according to the minor axis. These values correspond substantially to an extinction at ⁇ 62 ° and ⁇ 4 ° in the same directions.
- the table below gives examples of lenticular elements supplied by Reflexite Displays-Optics; the values of A and r are provided by the manufacturer, the angles i, j and ⁇ o as well as the ratio e / r are calculated as explained with reference to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the diffuser 8 and of the support 10 in partial perspective, showing the radiation diagram of the diffuser for a radius 38 at normal incidence on the diffuser.
- the figure shows different rays, more precisely the extreme rays 40 and 42, 44 and 46 in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the figure also shows the projection 50 of the radiation diagram in the plane of the opaque layer.
- the radiation pattern is elongated, so that all of the scattered rays from ray 38 pass through the opaque layer.
- Figure 6 shows the effect of a misalignment of the diffuser and the support with focusing elements.
- the openings 22 and the trace of the radiation diagram have been represented in the plane of the opaque layer 20, for an exact alignment at 52 and with an misalignment at 54.
- the angle between the direction of the lenticular elements is noted ⁇ and the direction of the major axis of the radiation pattern of the diffuser; in the case shown in 52, this angle ⁇ has a zero value; it has a non-zero value in the case shown in 54.
- a positioning tolerance of 2 mm on the side of the screen leads to an angle ⁇ of the order of 0.3 ° .
- a tolerance of 1 mm - practically achievable without particular difficulties under industrial conditions - leads to an angle ⁇ of 0.15 °.
- This angle value ⁇ can be used as the upper limit of the variations induced in the angles of the light rays by a misalignment of the diffuser and the support. We can then decrease by this value ⁇ the vertical angle of the radiation pattern of the diffuser, so as to ensure transmission of all of the light.
- the angle of the diffuser is then chosen equal to ⁇ - ⁇ , to ensure that all the light emitted by the diffuser passes through the openings of the opaque layer and reaches the user.
- the horizontal resolution is 1500 pixels per line, which corresponds to a pixel of 1 mm. If we consider an alignment tolerance of ⁇ 1 ⁇ m at the edges of an elementary pixel, we obtain an angle ⁇ of 1/500 radian.
- the alignment tolerance at the edges of a 1500 mm long screen is ⁇ 750/500, i.e. ⁇ 1.5 mm, If an alignment tolerance of 0.75 mm is imposed at the edge of the screen - which remains entirely achievable in terms industrial - an alignment tolerance of less than 0.5 ⁇ m is obtained at the level of an elementary pixel. This guarantees excellent optical transmission and the possibility of further improving the contrast, for example by reducing the opening rate to 10% for the black layer.
- A is chosen compatible with the required resolution; vertically, a pair of lines - a black line and a white line - can be projected over a distance 2.
- a of 150 ⁇ m is taken as an example.
- the emission angle of a mid-luminance surface diffuser is approximately equal to two thirds of the angle at extinction.
- X% is the opening rate of the opaque layer, as explained above.
- the usual TV screen specification requires a half-luminance angle ⁇ (L / 2) at screen output which is greater than ⁇ 10 °.
- Diffusers with an emissivity at half-luminance of ⁇ 0.5 ° to ⁇ 3 ° vertically are suitable.
- avefront Technologies Inc. Paramount, CA, offers suitable elliptical area diffusers.
- This can allow the addition of another diffuser in the assembly, with a small diffusion angle. It would thus be possible to use a vertical lenticular element at the input of the Fresnel lens; spreading the rays in the horizontal plane has no effect on the radiation pattern of the holographic diffuser.
- the resolution is slightly degraded insofar as the size of the incident beam increases when passing through the diffuser 8; we obtains at the input of the diffusion surface 14 a point of 2 x 2 mm x tg (3.5 °), or 250 microns for a thickness of the diffuser of 2 mm. This degradation is acceptable.
- This or these additional diffusers may be areal and be arranged:
- a screen is obtained having, in combination with the Fresnel lens, a transmission greater than 0.60, or even 0.70 or more.
- the flickering phenomenon can appear when a diffusing surface which receives a fine beam reacts like a multitude of small independent sources whose emissions interfere to create an image with fine and very bright whites and blacks - from where the impression of flicker. Flickering is not a problem over long distances, as in TV and video wall applications. For the monitor application, at a short distance, the observer can be more sensitive to it.
- the micro-mirror pixel reflects towards the optics a very fine light beam, which certainly widened by this optics, arrives on the screen pixel at an angle much less than 1 °; the scattering spot of the optical system is close to 100 microns on the screen and may flicker due to the periodicity of the scattering surface much less than 100 microns (see proceeding by the company SPIE of February 1997); this also applies to the surface of a 800 ⁇ m x 600 ⁇ m pixel of an 800 mm x 600 mm screen illuminated by a DMD micro-mirror.
- the objective is to widen the angle of attack of the light beam on the diffuser 8 by a second diffuser placed before it to avoid scintillation of the diffuser 8; or to minimize scintillation by a second diffuser after the diffuser 8.
- the contrast is representative of the ratio L 0 / l n between the luminance L 0 of the screen in the zones where the light is transmitted ("ON" zones) and the luminance l n in the zones where the light is not transmitted (“OFF" zone).
- the ANSI standard proposes to divide the screen surface is divided into 9 equal parts including 5 ON and 4 OFF with therefore the ON zones at the four corners and in the center; the average of the luminances L 0 measured with a photometer over the 5 ON zones is calculated and the average l n being the average of the luminances measured over the 4 OFF zones, the screen being immersed in the ambient lighting with the projector off, l 'ambient lighting is an average of the measurement made with a luxmeter on the different screen areas.
- the contrast can be calculated as follows.
- Diffuse reflection R of screen is limited due to the rear position of the diffuser (8) relative to the support (10) which makes the originality of the invention compared to the state of the art.
- the luminous flux of the monitor remains weak, to limit the power consumed; we typically have a power F of less than 500 lumens.
- R 2 diffuse reflection coefficient of the screen without anti-reflection layer.
- Ri 1% for a plastic anti-reflective layer like a "moth-eye"
- R 2 Ro X% 2
- the screen provides a better resolution than that of the state of the art.
- the company Toppan (Japan) announces vertical lenticulars with a width of 0.150mm and 0.098 mm in the future; the corresponding resolution in pl / mm, for a period of two lenticulars, that is: 3.3 pl / mm to 5 pl / mm in the future.
- the screen described in the examples has, in the horizontal direction, a resolution which is that of the diffuser 8 used and which is greater than 10 ⁇ l / mm. In the vertical direction, the resolution is less important, for television applications; the resolution is given by the number of pairs of visible lines per mm of screen. In the examples given, it is a function of the size of the lenticular elements, a pair of lines corresponding to two lenticular elements.
- the screens described in the examples can typically achieve one or more of the following characteristics:
- Figure 7 shows an example of a screen with aspherical lenticular elements; the Fresnel lens has also been shown in the figure.
- the ratings are the same as in Figures 2 and 3, except to the extent indicated below.
- the lenticular elements are cylindrical and are supported by elliptical arcs, with eccentricity ⁇ equal to the inverse of the optical index or of the material used to correct focusing aberrations and limit the size of the openings in the opaque layer.
- the semi-major axis of the ellipse is a, radius of the outer fictitious circle in which the ellipse is inscribed.
- the half minor axis is b, radius of the interior fictitious circle inscribed in the ellipse.
- the axis XX ' is used to construct the limit radius 32 emitted by the diffuser 8. This radius passes through the edge of the opening 22 in the opaque layer 20 and practically through the center 0, due to the low value of the angle ⁇ between the radius XX 'and the axis F1F2 of the two focal points (or the normal on the screen).
- tg ⁇ A / 2.
- We still have tg ⁇ A / 2.
- FIG. 2 shows lenticular elements obtained by molding, extrusion, or in the case of a fine structure with A ⁇ 0.200 mm, by crosslinking under suitable radiation (UV, etc.) of a resin.
- photopolymer on a thin support as suggested in JP A-3-12704, US 4,083,626 and others ... Tedesco above cited recommends this photopolymer method for the replication of a diffusing surface on a thin or rigid support; this can be used for the production of the main diffuser 8 of the invention and of the other diffuser (s) for minimizing screen scintillation.
- the screen is used in an overhead projector application, with a Fresnel lens.
- a distance A of 150 microns between the lenticular elements has been considered.
- the screen emission in the vertical direction is mainly provided by the lenticular support: in the case of the television application, the correction of astigmatisms by sphericity is not necessarily useful and the lenticulars can be quasi-cylindrical with circular section, which has the advantage of easy manufacture; this differs fundamentally from the state of the art which involves aspheric vertical lenticulars for the horizontal screen emission.
- the vertical emission angle is provided by the aspherical horizontal lenticulars.
- the half-light angle is ⁇ 40 ° or even ⁇ 48 °.
- the angle of diffusion on the long axis of this diffuser is ⁇ 33 ° at half-luminance; this value is low but can be improved.
- the production of the support 10 involves the photopolymer method (see above) to form the lenticulars 18 on a base film support with a thickness close to 0.075 mm.
- FIG. 9 represents a support 10 adapted to the TV application.
- the support 10 thicker than for FIG. 8 can be produced by techniques known in the art.
- a diffuser is applied having the smallest possible angle on the minor axis to form openings in the opaque layer with the rate X% minimized; this in order to increase the screen contrast.
- Figures 10a to 10d show details of construction of a screen
- FIG. 10a shows the substrate 24, on which the support 10 with its lenticular elements is laminated on the opaque layer side. After this operation, the base surface, referenced SI in the figure, can be cut precisely, in correspondence with the axis of the lenticular elements.
- FIG. 10b shows a frame 72, on which the diffuser 8 is laminated with the active surface 14.
- the base surface of the frame 72 referenced S2 in the figure, can be precisely cut or machined after laminating the diffuser 8 in correspondence with the major axis of the elliptical emission of the diffuser 8.
- the position of the Fresnel lens has also been shown in the figure.
- This is mounted or laminated on a frame 78 (shown in Figure 10c); the base surface of the frame 78 can be, like that of the frame 72, cut or machined with precision as a function of the position of the Fresnel lens in the frame.
- Figure 10c is a sectional view of the assembled screen.
- An external frame 82 is used, shown in detail in Figure lOd.
- Figure 10d shows a perspective view of the frame 82, with the fixing openings on the projector chassis.
- the frame 82 would have dimensions of the order of 1700 x 1000 mm, with a thickness of the order of 50 mm.
- the substrate 24 is first mounted in the external frame 82.
- the latter has a reference plane 70, machined with precision, which receives the surface S1 of the substrate.
- the frame 72 is then mounted in the outer frame 82, by placing a shim 74 between the frame 72 and the substrate 24.
- the surface S2 comes into contact with the reference plane 70, which ensures good horizontal alignment of the diffuser. and lenticular elements.
- the distance between the diffuser and the lenticular elements is adjusted to the desired dimension by the shim 74.
- the surface S3 comes into contact with the reference plane 70, which ensures good horizontal alignment of the Fresnel lens and the diffuser; the precision on the surface S3 is not critical, insofar as the Fresnel lens has a symmetry of revolution. It could also be provided that the second frame does not rest on the reference surface. The distance between the Fresnel lens 6 and the entry surface of the diffuser 8 is adjusted by the conformation of the frames 72 and 78; we could still have used a shim. Finally there is a hard foam 76 and a cover 80 to wedge all of the elements of the screen.
- FIGS. 10a to 10d The assembly of FIGS. 10a to 10d is given by way of example; it could be applied to other types of three-element screens. It ensures the temperature and hygrometry positioning of the respective horizontal axes of the diffuser 8 and the diffuser 10. It also ensures good positioning of the various elements of the screen, with simple components and a process of easy industrial implementation.
- Figure 11 shows an enlarged view of the elements of Figure 10c.
- the Fresnel lens with its active surface oriented towards the audience; the role of the lens being to collimate in a cylindrical beam the beam of conical light emitted by the projector;
- a diffuser preferably surface, having an elongated radiation pattern with a large horizontal axis; the role of the diffuser being to transform, without noticeable degradation in resolution, the cylindrical beam of incident light data into an ellipsoidal beam with a large horizontal axis; the emissivity of the diffuser along the vertical axis is limited to the strict minimum compatible with mass production of the diffuser; - a lenticular support having a black matrix on the exit surface centered on the horizontal lenticular network of the entry surface; this support is bonded on the black matrix side to a general transparent screen substrate.
- the role of support is to: transform the emission into a horizontal lobe and as thin as possible vertically from the diffuser into the final emission of the screen: the horizontal emissivity angle is then that of the diffuser, the vertical emissivity angle being defined by the geometry of the lenticular elements of the support; - because of the aspherical structure of the lenticular elements, minimize focusing aberrations at the openings of the black matrix; which allows to limit the size of said openings and therefore to really optimize the contrast;
- the support being glued on the black matrix side on a thick substrate on the observer side.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04742433A EP1613999A2 (fr) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | Ecran de retroprojection |
| US10/551,787 US20060126174A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | Retroprojection screen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0304125A FR2853419B1 (fr) | 2003-04-02 | 2003-04-02 | Ecran de retroprojection |
| FR03/04125 | 2003-04-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004090631A2 true WO2004090631A2 (fr) | 2004-10-21 |
| WO2004090631A3 WO2004090631A3 (fr) | 2005-03-03 |
Family
ID=32982197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2004/000839 Ceased WO2004090631A2 (fr) | 2003-04-02 | 2004-04-02 | Ecran de retroprojection |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060126174A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1613999A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2853419B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004090631A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070171376A1 (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-07-26 | Motorola, Inc. | Projection display system |
| FR2930051A1 (fr) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-16 | Franck Andre Marie Guigan | Paroi optique asymetrique |
| KR101481181B1 (ko) * | 2009-07-29 | 2015-01-12 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 집광형 광학 시트 |
| US9690174B2 (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2017-06-27 | Scienstry, Inc. | Switchable projection window |
| TWI572906B (zh) * | 2015-02-25 | 2017-03-01 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | 立體光場建立裝置 |
| KR102398549B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-31 | 2022-05-17 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 입체 영상 표시 장치 |
| CN115086525B (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2024-01-02 | 广东省傲来科技有限公司 | 摄像头模组组装方法、装置、设备及计算机可读存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2928131A (en) * | 1957-04-23 | 1960-03-15 | American Optical Corp | Light diffusing means and method of making same |
| US4432010A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1984-02-14 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Rear projection apparatus |
| NL8300817A (nl) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-10-01 | Philips Nv | Projektiescherm. |
| JPH09505416A (ja) * | 1994-09-06 | 1997-05-27 | フィリップス エレクトロニクス ネムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | リアープロジェクションスクリーン |
| JP3329147B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-03 | 2002-09-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | スクリーン固定装置 |
| GB9524220D0 (en) * | 1995-11-27 | 1996-01-31 | Nashua Corp | Improvements in or relating to projection screens and the like |
| US6400504B2 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 2002-06-04 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Rear projection screen having reduced scintillation |
-
2003
- 2003-04-02 FR FR0304125A patent/FR2853419B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-04-02 EP EP04742433A patent/EP1613999A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-02 US US10/551,787 patent/US20060126174A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-02 WO PCT/FR2004/000839 patent/WO2004090631A2/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1613999A2 (fr) | 2006-01-11 |
| US20060126174A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| FR2853419B1 (fr) | 2005-07-01 |
| FR2853419A1 (fr) | 2004-10-08 |
| WO2004090631A3 (fr) | 2005-03-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1177477B1 (fr) | Ecran de projection | |
| US7408707B2 (en) | Multi-region light scattering element | |
| US7453636B2 (en) | High contrast optical path corrected screen | |
| JP2633542B2 (ja) | リアプロジエクシヨン装置 | |
| EP3526965B1 (fr) | Système de formation d'une image flottante | |
| US7453635B2 (en) | Imaging material with improved contrast | |
| US20050207007A1 (en) | Screen and method for manufacturing the same | |
| EP0880724A1 (fr) | Dispositif de visualisation et ecran plat de television utilisant ce dispositif | |
| KR20010093261A (ko) | 투영 스크린용 프레넬 렌즈 | |
| WO2005096094A1 (fr) | Module de projection et projecteur l’incorporant | |
| EP0714522A1 (fr) | Ecran de projection holographique et procede de realisation | |
| EP1613999A2 (fr) | Ecran de retroprojection | |
| FR2895526A1 (fr) | Systeme de retro-eclairage pour panneau d'affichage a cristal liquide et dispositif d'affichage correspondant | |
| US8049961B2 (en) | Lens unit and projection screen made of the same | |
| FR2737789A1 (fr) | Systeme d'eclairage arriere pour modulateur electro-optique transmissif et dispositif d'affichage comportant un tel systeme d'eclairage | |
| WO2005071446A1 (fr) | Lentille de fresnel et dispositif d'affichage a projection utilisant une telle lentille | |
| RU2333520C2 (ru) | Проекционный экран для проецирования изображений | |
| EP1577706A1 (fr) | Ecran de projection et son procédé de fabrication | |
| EP0738077B1 (fr) | Téléviseur ou moniteur vidéo compact du type à rétroprojection | |
| EP1625426A2 (fr) | Lentille de fresnel, ecran de projection, systeme et appareil de projection correspondants. | |
| JP2004240159A (ja) | スクリーン及びその製造方法 | |
| EP1405138B1 (fr) | Ecran de retroprojection | |
| WO2006020583A2 (fr) | Materiau d'imagerie a contraste amelioree | |
| JP2002318425A (ja) | 背面投射型スクリーンおよび背面投射型ディスプレイ | |
| FR2880699A1 (fr) | Retroprojecteur de faible encombrement |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004742433 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006126174 Country of ref document: US Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10551787 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004742433 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10551787 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2004742433 Country of ref document: EP |

