WO2004102128A2 - Coriolis-durchflussmessgerät - Google Patents
Coriolis-durchflussmessgerät Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004102128A2 WO2004102128A2 PCT/EP2004/005314 EP2004005314W WO2004102128A2 WO 2004102128 A2 WO2004102128 A2 WO 2004102128A2 EP 2004005314 W EP2004005314 W EP 2004005314W WO 2004102128 A2 WO2004102128 A2 WO 2004102128A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- measuring tube
- difference
- cordic
- input signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
- G01F1/8413—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details means for influencing the flowmeter's motional or vibrational behaviour, e.g., conduit support or fixing means, or conduit attachments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
- G01F1/8431—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details electronic circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/8409—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details
- G01F1/8436—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters constructional details signal processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
- G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
- G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
- G01F1/845—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits
- G01F1/8468—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits
- G01F1/849—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits having straight measuring conduits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Coriolis flowmeter with at least one excitation system, which vibrates at least one measuring tube through which a medium flows, with a first vibration sensor, which is provided in the area of the inlet of the measuring tube and which outputs an input signal, with a second vibration sensor , which is arranged in the area of the outlet of the measuring tube and which outputs an output signal and with a control / evaluation unit which is based on the
- Input signal and the output signal determines the mass flow rate, the density and / or the viscosity of the medium flowing through the measuring tube.
- a Coriolis flow measurement is typically based on the measurement of two periodic vibrations, usually sine waves, which are recorded in the area of the inlet (input signal) and the outlet (output signal) of the measuring tube.
- the phase shift of the two vibrations is a measure of the mass flow (or for the density and / or the viscosity) of the medium flowing through the measuring tube.
- the amount of the difference in the phase angle between the two vibration signals is directly proportional to the mass flow (or to the density and / or to the viscosity) and is in the range of ⁇ -radians.
- the requirements for a suitable signal processing method are twofold: First of all, the very small phase angle must be determined as precisely as possible. It must also be taken into account that relatively inexpensive computing infrastructures can be used for processing. In principle, this is only possible if only a few arithmetic operations have to be carried out to determine the phase angle.
- the two vibration signals are often superimposed by interference signals. Corresponding interference signals originate, for example, from gas inclusions in the medium flowing through the measuring tube. Here, under difficult conditions, it is important to extract the actual useful signal from the vibration signals in order to then be able to carry out the corresponding phase determination. Another essential boundary condition for the extraction of the pure vibration signals from the input and output signals superimposed by interference signals can also be seen in the processing time required for a measurement. The shorter the processing time, the higher the measuring rate and thus the measuring accuracy.
- the object of the invention is to optimize the computing time required for obtaining measured values in a Coriolis measuring device compared to the previously known methods for signal evaluation and to effectively suppress interference signals.
- control / evaluation unit determines the phase shift or a difference in the phase angle between the input signal and the output signal using a CORDIC algorithm and, based on the calculated phase shift or on the basis of the calculated phase angle difference, the mass flow, the density and / or determines the viscosity of the medium flowing in the measuring tube.
- CORDIC is the abbreviation for COordinate Rotation Digital Computing. Using the CORDIC algorithm, it is possible to reliably meet the two aforementioned requirements for a Coriolis measuring device.
- CORDIC is a numerical method which allows, for example, the current phase angle to be determined directly in a Coriolis flowmeter with iterative calculation steps up to any accuracy.
- the CORDIC algorithm is used to coordinate transform the oscillation signal Usch and the difference signal Udiff from the vibrating measuring tube into the scanning system, i.e. into the system of the two sensors.
- CORDIC can be used very widely for Coriolis measurement technology.
- the software of today's DSP systems can be optimized with it - which represents a considerable cost saving potential.
- conventional sum and difference signals can be evaluated in a novel, very simple manner.
- the use of a CORDIC algorithm also offers the potential to directly evaluate the two vibration signals without analog summation / difference formation, which in turn leads to a simplification of the method.
- the CORDIC algorithm was first described in literature by Jack E. Volder in 1959.
- the state variable of a CORDIC processor is a complex number. This can be rotated polar by any angle and output as a result. There are three main applications: modulation, rotation and vectoring.
- the modulation can transform a purely real input variable into a complex number - the output variable then corresponds to the input variable modulated with sin ( ⁇ ) and cos ( ⁇ ). If the angle ⁇ is increased continuously and the real input variable X 0 is kept constant, the output sequence corresponds to a complex phasor of the amplitude X 0 - K q and the angle ⁇ (t). If X 0 is itself a time-dependent signal, the output corresponds to the quadrature amplitude modulated
- the input variable is complex and the angle is fixed; then the output quantity corresponds to a phasor rotated by the angle ⁇ . If the input variable and the angle ⁇ (t) are time-dependent variables, the output sequence corresponds to a phase-modulated signal.
- the input variable is complex. Then the magnitude and the phase position can be determined by rotating the vector until the
- Imaginary component Y n is zero.
- the output variable X n then corresponds to the magnitude of (X 0 , Y 0 ) and Z n then corresponds to the angle of (X 0 , Y 0 ) -
- the angular rotation is carried out iteratively, specifically via a defined sequence of angular increments / decrements.
- CORDIC only calculates within a quadrant.
- the signs of X 0 and Y 0 are modified so that the input variable (X 0 ' , Yo) comes to lie in the first quadrant.
- and Y changed iteratively according to the following procedure:
- the iteration stops if the error of the approximated angle Z is sufficiently small compared to the desired angle of rotation, or in the case of vectoring if the imaginary component Y is sufficiently small.
- the accuracy is given by the number of iteration cycles. An angular resolution of one bit is typically obtained per iteration.
- the result can be normalized again with this factor or included in later scaling.
- Ki cos (arctan (2 "i ))
- the angle increments or the angle decrements as well as the CORDIC factor can be calculated in advance for a predetermined number of interactions and stored in tables.
- the actual arithmetic operations then consist in halving the state values X, Y and Z and summing them up crosswise with the corresponding signs.
- the state values can be halved with a shift operation, the summing is done with a simple adder / subtractor. No multiplication or division, square rooting or the use of trigonometric operations are necessary.
- FPGA / ASIC hardware is particularly advantageous because no expensive multipliers have to be implemented.
- bit-serial or parallel-pipelined architectures are useful, i.e. the economical form can be selected for each application. Depending on the number selected
- a Cordic-Co process can be implemented in hardware for Coriolis signal processing, which can be used as often as required by a CPU for the calculation of a measured value sample. If filter operations are also implemented as a co-process in hardware, the previously typically used DSP-CPU for Coriolis signal processing can be completely saved, i.e. only the specific hardware operations required for Coriolis signal processing have to be implemented.
- the CORDIC algorithm for Coriolis signal processing can be used in three different approaches:
- the first two approaches use oscillation and difference signals which are processed by an analog front end which is already used today in the Coriolis flowmeters sold by the applicant.
- the input and output vibration signals are evaluated in parallel independently of one another.
- a prerequisite for such an application is that an analogue frontend which is to a high degree in phase is present in the Coriolis flowmeter.
- a quadrature demodulation method is used to determine the amplitude of the oscillation signal, ie the oscillation signal is modulated with a sine and a cosine component of the same frequency, which leads to a convolution of the oscillation signal in the baseband.
- both components are routed through a low-pass filter.
- the magnitude can be determined from the stationary imaginary and real parts.
- both the imaginary and the real component were squared, added and performed using a square root function using the known method, which involves a considerable amount of computation.
- the magnitude can be determined directly from the imaginary and real components.
- a CORDIC block in vectoring mode is used to determine the magnitude of the vibration signal.
- the Vectoring-CORDIC block requires an analytical (complex) signal as the input signal. This is generated from a bandpass filtering of the AD converter signals to suppress interference and a subsequent HilberWAIIpass filtering. A complex signal is thus generated from the real vibration signal and the real difference signal.
- the phasors of the oscillation signal and the difference signal must be brought into a synchronous position. First of all, the difference signal is rotated by 90 °, this is easily possible with complex signals by swapping X and Y.
- the X input of the Difference signal CORDIC blocks is thus fed with the Hilbert component of the difference signal, the Y input is fed with the all-pass component.
- the difference signal CORDIC block is operated in the rotation mode, and the difference signal is rotated around the current phase of the oscillation signal. As a result, the coordinate system of the difference signal is brought into the phase position of the oscillation signal.
- the remaining angle Z at the output of the difference signal CORDIC block then corresponds to the symmetry error.
- the real part of the difference signal based on the coordinate system of the oscillation signal can also be used.
- the output Y of the differential signal CORDIC block then shows exactly the imaginary part of the differential signal based on the vibration signal coordinate system. This can be used together with the magnitude of the vibration signal to calculate the mass flow.
- the oscillation signal magnitude and the imaginary part and the real part of the oscillation signal can be determined without performing a multiplication. Since neither squaring nor the formation of quotients are necessary, the accuracy and resolution of the signals can be better controlled, so that an inexpensive fixed-point approach is possible. In addition, the overall signal processing path is simplified.
- the two vibration signals are digitized by a phase-correct analog front end without the formation of sums and differences.
- the digitization takes place, for example, using a single converter in the Multiplex operation.
- each signal can subsequently be treated independently of the other.
- One CORDIC block in vectoring mode per vibration signal determines the current phase position and magnitude of the respective vibration. Since the CORDIC blocks are able to resolve the phase position as precisely as desired, the two Z results of the CORDIC blocks can be directly offset against one another to determine the mass flow, ie the difference between the two phase positions is directly proportional to the mass flow sought. Furthermore, the angular increment of a signal is proportional to the frequency and thus to the sought density of the medium flowing in the measuring tube.
- the magnitude of the signals which are delivered as a by-product of the CORDIC algorithm, can be used for the amplitude control. Since the phase position of the direct signals is known, the frequency control can be implemented in a simple manner.
- FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a preferred implementation of the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a Coriolis flow meter 1 according to the invention with a measuring tube 2, through which the medium 3, the mass flow of which is to be determined, flows when in use.
- the excitation system 4 which excites the measuring tube 2 to vibrate at a predetermined resonance frequency, is arranged in the central region of the measuring tube 2.
- a first sensor 5 is provided in the area of the inlet to the measuring tube 2, which supplies an input signal Ue.
- a second measuring sensor 6 is arranged in the area of the outlet of the measuring tube 2 and outputs an output signal Ua.
- the control / evaluation unit 7 determines a phase shift or a difference in the phase angles between the input signal Ue and the output signal Ua via a CORDIC algorithm and determines the mass flow rate based on the calculated phase shift or the calculated phase angle difference
- the vibration signal Usch is the input signal Ue.
- the mass flow through the measuring tube 2 of the Coriolis flow measuring device 1 is calculated from the two signals Ue, Ua. From US Pat. No. 4,914,956 it has become known in principle how the mass flow can preferably be calculated using a Coriolis flow measuring device 1:
- the difference signal Udiff is formed, which contains the information about the phase shift caused by the Coriolis effect.
- the difference signal Udiff is phase-shifted by 90 °.
- the vibration signal Usch is formed from the input signal Ue.
- the integrated difference signal Udiff is divided by the sum signal or the oscillation signal Usch.
- the corresponding output signal tan ⁇ is directly proportional to the mass flow of the medium 3 through the measuring tube 2.
- FIG 3 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the Coriolis flow meter 1 according to the invention
- the previously described approach b) is used.
- the vibration signal Usch and the difference signal Udiff are digitized by the two analog / digital converters 10, 11 and then filtered and amplified by the two bandpass filters 12, 13.
- the filtering takes place in the range of 700-900 Hz. It is used to suppress interference signals.
- the gain factor is, for example, 100 dB.
- the CORDIC block 31 in vectoring mode is used to determine the magnitude of the oscillation signal Usch.
- an analytical, ie a complex, signal must be given to the CORDIC block 31.
- This complex signal is generated by filtering the digitally converted signal Usch via the bandpass filter 12 and then filtering the signal via the Hilbert / all-pass filter 16, 14.
- the digitally converted difference signal Udiff is via the bandpass filter 13 and then via the Hilbert / all-pass filters 17, 15 filtered.
- Filtering generates a complex signal from the real vibration signal Usch and the real difference signal Udiff.
- the magnitude or the real part of the oscillation signal UschAP and the imaginary part of the difference signal UdiffHT must be brought into a synchronous position.
- the difference signal Udiff is rotated by 90 °.
- This state of affairs is illustrated on the basis of the pointer diagram visualized in FIG. 6.
- This phase shift occurs in the case of a complex signal by simply interchanging the X and Y inputs at the CORDIC block 18. Consequently, the X input of the difference signal CORDIC block 18 is fed with the Hilbert component of the difference signal Udiff, while the Y input with the allpass Component is fed.
- the allpass filters 14, 15 ensure that the corresponding signal component has the same delay as the component that is fed in via the Hubert filter 16, 17.
- the phase positions of the oscillation signal Usch and the difference signal Udiff do not match after the 90 ° rotation of the difference signal Udiff. It is therefore necessary to operate the difference signal CORDIC block 18 in the rotation mode and to rotate the difference signal around the current phase of the oscillation signal. As a result, the coordinate system of the difference signal is brought into the phase position of the oscillation signal.
- the remaining angle Z at the output of the difference signal CORDIC block 18 corresponds to the symmetry error.
- the real part of the difference signal based on the vibration signal coordinate system can also be used at the output X in order to regulate the symmetry.
- the output Y of the differential signal CORDIC block 18 shows exactly the imaginary part of the differential signal in relation to the vibration signal coordinate system. This is used together with the vibration signal magnitude to calculate the mass flow.
- FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a second advantageous embodiment (approach c)) of the Coriolis flow meter 1 according to the invention.
- the input signal Ue and the output signal Ua are digitized by the two analog / digital converters 32, 33 without forming the sum and difference and then filtered and amplified by the two bandpass filters 34, 35. Each of the two signals Ue, Ua can therefore be treated individually below.
- the two CORDIC blocks 40, 41 are operated in vectoring mode and determine the current phase position and magnitude of each of the two
- Vibration signals Ue, Ua Since the two CORDIC blocks 40, 41 are able to resolve the phase position of the signals as precisely as desired, the two Z results of the CORDIC blocks 40, 41 can be directly offset against one another to determine the desired size of the medium 3. In particular, the difference between the two phase positions is directly proportional to the mass flow sought. Furthermore, the angular increment of a signal is proportional to the frequency and thus to the density sought.
- the magnitudes of the signals which are delivered as a by-product from the CORDIC blocks 40, 41, can be used for the amplitude control. Since the phase position of the signals is known, the frequency control can be implemented in a very simple manner. So that this embodiment of a Coriolis flow meter 1 can deliver the desired measurement accuracy, care must be taken to ensure that the analog front end operates to a high degree in phase. This can be implemented e.g. by using a single A / D converter that works in multiplex mode.
- FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an implementation of the Coriolis flow meter 1 according to the invention with A / D conversion, filtering, CORDIC block, a microprocessor and interfaces, for example to the Internet.
- a / D conversion, filtering, CORDIC block, a microprocessor and interfaces for example to the Internet.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04739233A EP1625363A2 (de) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Coriolis-durchflussmessgerät |
| US10/557,847 US20080046201A1 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Coriolis Flowmeter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10322851.9 | 2003-05-19 | ||
| DE10322851A DE10322851A1 (de) | 2003-05-19 | 2003-05-19 | Coriolis-Durchflußmeßgerät |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004102128A2 true WO2004102128A2 (de) | 2004-11-25 |
| WO2004102128A3 WO2004102128A3 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
Family
ID=33441057
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/005314 Ceased WO2004102128A2 (de) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-05-18 | Coriolis-durchflussmessgerät |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080046201A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1625363A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10322851A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004102128A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006056560A3 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-12-21 | Flowtec Ag | Verfahren zur bestimmung des massedurchflusses eines coriolis-massedurchflussmessers |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004055553A1 (de) | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Mess- und Betriebsschaltung für einen Coriolis-Massedurchflussmesser mit drei Messkanälen |
| JP4469008B1 (ja) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-05-26 | 株式会社オーバル | コリオリ流量計 |
| DE102020116281A1 (de) * | 2020-06-19 | 2021-12-23 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Vibronischer Sensor |
| DE102022131692A1 (de) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-06 | Endress+Hauser Flowtec Ag | Coriolis-Durchflussmessgerät |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01501248A (ja) * | 1986-09-18 | 1989-04-27 | レオメトロン アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | コリオリ力を検出するための装置を具備した流れる媒体の流量測定装置 |
| AU2433592A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1993-03-02 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Coriolis effect mass flow meter |
| EP0698783A1 (de) * | 1994-08-16 | 1996-02-28 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec AG | Auswerte-Elektronik eines Coriolis-Massedurchflussaufnehmers |
| DE19719587A1 (de) * | 1997-05-09 | 1998-11-19 | Bailey Fischer & Porter Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erkennung und Kompensation von Nullpunkteinflüssen auf Coriolis-Massedurchflußmesser |
| US6199022B1 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 2001-03-06 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Drive circuit modal filter for a vibrating tube flowmeter |
| US6272438B1 (en) * | 1998-08-05 | 2001-08-07 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Vibrating conduit parameter sensors, methods and computer program products for generating residual-flexibility-compensated mass flow estimates |
| US6505131B1 (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2003-01-07 | Micro Motion, Inc. | Multi-rate digital signal processor for signals from pick-offs on a vibrating conduit |
| US6711958B2 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2004-03-30 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag | Coriolis mass flow rate/density/viscoy sensor with two bent measuring tubes |
| US7020190B2 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2006-03-28 | Skybitz, Inc. | Frequency translator using a cordic phase rotator |
| EP1189037A1 (de) * | 2000-09-13 | 2002-03-20 | Endress + Hauser Flowtec AG | Coriolisdurchflussmesser mit digitalem Steuerungssystem |
-
2003
- 2003-05-19 DE DE10322851A patent/DE10322851A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-05-18 EP EP04739233A patent/EP1625363A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-18 WO PCT/EP2004/005314 patent/WO2004102128A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-05-18 US US10/557,847 patent/US20080046201A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006056560A3 (de) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-12-21 | Flowtec Ag | Verfahren zur bestimmung des massedurchflusses eines coriolis-massedurchflussmessers |
| US7854176B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2010-12-21 | Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Method for determining the mass flow through a coriolis mass flowmeter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20080046201A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
| WO2004102128A3 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
| EP1625363A2 (de) | 2006-02-15 |
| DE10322851A1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
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