WO2004110132A2 - Membranes hydrophiles permeable a la vapeur d'eau, dispositifs constitues desdites membranes et procede d'utilisation desdits dispositifs - Google Patents

Membranes hydrophiles permeable a la vapeur d'eau, dispositifs constitues desdites membranes et procede d'utilisation desdits dispositifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004110132A2
WO2004110132A2 PCT/US2004/019079 US2004019079W WO2004110132A2 WO 2004110132 A2 WO2004110132 A2 WO 2004110132A2 US 2004019079 W US2004019079 W US 2004019079W WO 2004110132 A2 WO2004110132 A2 WO 2004110132A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
polymer blend
membrane
water vapor
ester
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Ceased
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PCT/US2004/019079
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English (en)
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WO2004110132A3 (fr
Inventor
Charles W. Cahill
Ann W. Kaplan
Olaf Norbert Kirchner
Christopher P. Mcardle
Ranganathan Soundararajan
Kenneth E. Stevens
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Publication of WO2004110132A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004110132A2/fr
Publication of WO2004110132A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004110132A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
    • B01D61/362—Pervaporation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
    • B01D63/069—Tubular membrane modules comprising a bundle of tubular membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/14—Pleat-type membrane modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/48—Polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D71/06—Organic material
    • B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
    • B01D71/80—Block polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/448—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by pervaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to water vapor permeable hydrophilic membranes and devices made there-from for water delivery and in particular irrigation devices for plants utilizing such membranes.
  • the devices when partially constrained under the soil expand in a longitudinal direction when hydrated with water, thereby producing a longitudinal wave pattern in the device. Due to the partial constraint and weight of the soil, the crest of the wave that has formed will fold over on itself, for example, like a wave breaking in the surf, and form a fold, or a kink in the device in the transverse direction thus preventing flow of water through channels in the device. These folds are termed "Z folds" since they resemble the letter "Z" when viewed from the short axis side of the device. This has been in particular a problem with corrugated irrigation devices.
  • the present invention is directed to a water delivery device used, for example, for controlling moisture in a plant growing medium or for a water purification device;
  • the device comprises a water vapor permeable non porous hydrophilic membrane of a polymer blend of one or more thermoplastic polyether-ester polymer(s) and a liquid crystalline thermotropic polyester; wherein the membrane has a water vapor transmission rate of at least 400 g/m 2 /24 hrs measured according to ASTM F-1249-90 on a film 3 mil (76.2 micron) thick using air at 3O 0 C and 100% relative humidity at a velocity of 3 m/s and the polymer blend has a linear expansion of less than 7% measured on a fully hydrated film of the polymer blend; whereby an aqueous liquid comprising water is placed in contact with the membrane and water passes through the membrane by pervaporation to, for example, a plant growing medium thereby controlling the moisture in the medium or water can be collected and used as purified water.
  • the present invention is directed to irrigation devices, for example, of a corrugated hydrophilic water vapor permeable non porous polymeric sheet structure having a top polymeric membrane layer and a bottom polymeric membrane layer and polymeric structures, which may be vertical or at some angle, such as 45 degrees from the vertical, positioned between the top and bottom membrane layers to form a corrugated structure that has at least two channels and whereby an aqueous liquid is passed through the channels and by pervaporation provides water to a plant growing medium; similarly, an irrigation device can be used wherein the channels in the device are tubular instead of the device having a corrugated structure.
  • the present invention is also directed to a process for providing water to a plant growth medium, a process for augmenting the humidity in an air space of an enclosed chamber and a method for hydrating dehydrated matter by using the novel water vapor permeable non porous non porous membrane, and the novel water vapor permeable membrane itself.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a tubular water vapor permeable device.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross sectional view of an irrigation device having a corrugated polymeric sheet structure.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a roll of the irrigation device having a corrugated polymeric sheet structure.
  • the membrane used to form the devices of the present invention is a water vapor permeable non-porous hydrophilic membrane that absorbs water and allows water to pass through only by pervaporation. If there is a vapor pressure gradient across the hydrophilic membrane, water is absorbed into the membrane and the absorbed water diffuses through the thickness of the membrane and is emitted from its opposite face.
  • These nonporous hydrophilic membranes have sufficiently high water vapor transmission rates (VWTR) as defined below, so that water that has passed through these membranes can be used, for example, in forming a water delivery device that can be used, for example, to directly irrigate plants.
  • Such membranes can comprise one or more layers made from materials including but not limited to the same or different hydrophilic polymers.
  • the non- porous nature of the membranes serves to exclude any particulate impurities in an aqueous liquid containing water and impurities from passing through such a membrane, where the impurities may include suspended solids, salts, microbes, such as bacteria and viruses and also prevents penetration by the growing roots of plants that are being irrigated by the device.
  • irrigation systems formed from such membranes that are part of this present invention are self-regulating and may be "passive" in nature, providing, for example, more water to plants under dry conditions and less under humid conditions.
  • the standard test for measuring the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a given membrane is ASTM F 1290-90 using a Modulated Infrared sensor and is measured using a membrane 3 mils (76.2 microns) in thickness using air at 30 0 C and 100% relative humidity at a velocity of 3 m/s and calculated as g/m 2 /24 hrs.
  • Typical useful water vapor permeable non porous hydrophilic membranes formed from the polymer blend useful in this invention have a VWTR of more than 400 g/m 2 /24 hrs., preferably, 400 up to 10,000 g/m 2 /24hrs and more preferably 2,000- 4,000 g/m 2 /24 hrs.
  • the test used to determine the linear expansion of a polymer blend used to form the water vapor permeable non porous hydrophilic membrane is to fully hydrate a 10 foot (3 m) long sheet, 6 inches (15.24 cm) wide, and 3 mil (76.2 micron) thick by submerging the sheet in water for 30 minutes and then re-measuring the sheet after it has been hydrated. The difference in length is calculated as percent linear expansion.
  • Typically useful water vapor permeable non porous hydrophilic membranes have a linear expansion of less than 7 % and preferably, 0.5 - 6.0%.
  • Hydrophilic polymers means polymers that absorb water when in contact with liquid water at room temperature according to the International Standards Organization specification ISO 62 (equivalent to the American Society for Testing and Materials specification ASTM D 570).
  • Polymers suitable for preparing the water vapor permeable non-porous hydrophilic membranes for use in the present invention are a blend of one or more polyether-ester polymers and a liquid crystalline thermotropic polyester polymer.
  • the blend of polymers comprises 85- 99.5% by weight, based on the weight of the polymer blend, of a polyether-ester polymer or mixture of such polymers and 0.5-15% by weight of the liquid crystalline thermotropic polyester polymer.
  • a blend of 95-99 % by weight of the polyether-ester and 1-5% by weight of the liquid crystalline thermotropic aromatic polyester is used.
  • Useful polyether-ester polymers and liquid crystalline thermotropic aromatic polyester are available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, under the trade names Hytrel® and Zenite®, respectively.
  • the following polymers can be used: a polyether-block-polyamide or a mixture of two or more polyether-block-polyamides, such as polymers available from the Elf-Atochem Company of Paris, France under the trade name of PEBAX; or a polyether urethane or a mixture of polyether urethanes; or homopolymers or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture of homopolymers or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a polyether-block-polyamide or a mixture of two or more polyether-block-polyamides such as polymers available from the Elf-Atochem Company of Paris, France under the trade name of PEBAX
  • a polyether urethane or a mixture of polyether urethanes or homopolymers or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol or a mixture of homopolymers or copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a particularly preferred polyether-ester polymer having the desired water vapor transmission used in this invention or a mixture of two or more polyether-esters have a multiplicity of recurring long-chain ester
  • G is a divalent radical remaining after the removal of terminal hydroxyl groups from a poly(alkylene oxide)glycol having a number average molecular weight of about 400-4000;
  • R is a divalent radical remaining after removal of carboxyl groups from a dicarboxylic acid having a molecular weight less than 300;
  • D is a divalent radical remaining after removal of hydroxyl groups from a diol having a molecular weight less than about 250;
  • the polyether-ester contains 0-68 weight percent based on the total weight of the polyether-ester, ethylene oxide groups incorporated in the long-chain ester units of the polyether-ester; and e) the polyether-ester contains about 25-80 weight percent short-chain ester units.
  • Patent 4,769,273 having a WVTR of 400-2500 g/ m 2 /24hr. Both patents are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Typically useful liquid crystalline thermotropic polyester have a melting point that is compatible with the polyether ester polymer and is not higher than the processing temperature used for the polyether ester polymer.
  • polyesters are shown in 3,991 ,013, 3,991 ,014 4,011,199, 4,048,148, 4,075,262, 4,083,829, 4,118,372, 4,122,070, 4,130,545, 4,153,779, 4,159,365, 4,161,470, 4,169,933, 4,184,996, 4,189,549, 4,219,461, 4,232,143, 4,232,144, 4,245,082, 4,256,624, 4,269,965, 4,272,625, 4,370,466, 4,383,105, 4,447,592, 4,522,974, 4,617,369, 4,664,972, 4,684,712, 4,727,129, 4,727,131 , 4,728,714, 4,749,769, 4,762,907, 4,778,927, 4,816,555, 4,849,499, 4,851,496, 4,851 ,497, 4,857,626, 4,864,013, 4,868,278, 4,882,410, 4,923,947
  • liquid crystalline aromatic polyester is a polymerized blend of 20-60 % by weight polyethylene terephthalate and 40-80% by weight of para-hydroxybenzoic acid and preferably 30-50% by weight polyethylene terephthalate and 50% - 70% by weight para-hydroxybenzoic acid and more preferably 40% by weight polyethylene terephthalate and 60% by weight of para-hydroxybenzoic acid.
  • the polymer blend of the polyester- ether polymer and the liquid crystalline thermotropic polyester has a Melt Flow Index in the range of 0.1 - 10 and preferably 0.3-1.0.
  • the Melt Flow Index is determined according to ASTM D 1238.
  • the polymer blend usually contains carbon black to reduce degradation from sunlight.
  • the polymer blend contains 0.5-10% by weight carbon, based on the weight of the polymer blend, and preferably contains 3-7% by weight carbon black and most preferably 5% by weight carbon black.
  • the polymer blend can be compounded with antioxidant stabilizers, ultraviolet stabilizers, hydrolysis stabilizers, dyes or pigments, fillers, anti-microbial reagents and the like as are used in the extrusion fabrication of articles and structures.
  • An extruded flat sheet structure (1) is illustrated having multiple tubular channels (3) each being connected to another by a flat segment of the sheet (2).
  • the aqueous liquid passed through the channels of the structure may be relatively pure water or an aqueous liquid containing water and contaminates, such as suspended materials, salts, for example, from sea water and variety of other impurities.
  • the aqueous liquid passes through the channels and by pervaporation provides moisture in the form of pure water to the surrounding area, which can be a plant growth medium, such as soil.
  • Fig. 2 shows a structure of the corrugated irrigation device This cross sectional view shows a top polymeric membrane layer (4) and a bottom polymeric membrane layer (5) and vertical polymeric membrane walls (6) forming channels resulting in a corrugated structure. There are at least two channels in the structure through which water flows.
  • 5-500 channels are provided depending on the width of the structure, the size of the channels and the amount of water to be passed through the irrigation device.
  • the top and bottom layers are 0.05 to 0.50 mm in thickness and the channel walls are about 0.05 to 0.50 mm in thickness and the overall thickness of the device is about 0.50 to 50 mm.
  • continuous sheet are formed and cut into the desired length, such as 10 m, 25 m, 50 m or more. Practical upper limits depend on the distance between the upper and lower membranes and the size of the area wherein the device is to be installed.
  • a roll of the device, as shown in Fig. 3 can be made since they are easily transported without damage and can easily be laid out on the ground adjacent to plants that are to be irrigated.
  • the devices of Fig. 2 and 3 are attached to a water source using techniques well known to those skilled in the art and usually buried under several inches of soil.
  • useful irrigation devices have an output of water of least 10 to 50 liters/day/30m.
  • One useful irrigation device has about 32 corrugated channels, is about 4mm wide, 4 mm high and has total width of about 165mm and delivers water for irrigation at about 20-40 and preferably, about 30 liters/day/30m.
  • a variety of devices with channels of different sizes and shapes and various lengths can be made depending on the intended end use and the types of plants that are to be irrigated.
  • the hydrophilic polymer blend can be manufactured into the watering device of the invention by any of a number of commercial processes to form corrugated structures, structures containing multiple tubes or a variety of other structures. Typically melt extrusion of the polymer blend is used on a commercial extrusion line that forms these structures.
  • the structures of this invention may include one or more layers of support materials.
  • Useful support materials include woven, non- woven or bonded papers, fabrics and screens permeable to water vapor, including those constructed from fibers of organic and inorganic polymers stable to moisture, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, fiberglass and the like.
  • the support material both increases strength and protects the device.
  • the support material may be disposed on one side of the top or bottom polymeric membrane or both sides or may be sandwiched between two or more layers.
  • the support material can be positioned on the exterior surfaces of a device to best protect the device from physical damage and/or degradation by light.
  • a typical irrigation device of this invention is positioned near plants, usually buried under the soil and connectors are attached to the ends of the device to allow for the flow of water through the irrigation device.
  • the amount of water permeating through the device and into the surrounding soil is dependent on the moisture of the soil. Dry soil causes a larger differential across the irrigation device and more water permeates into the surrounding soil.
  • an aqueous liquid containing water and a wide variety of impurities can be used and only the water permeates through the device into the soil.
  • the novel water vapor permeable non-porous hydrophilic membranes of this invention have a variety of other uses.
  • the membrane can be used a water purification device wherein an aqueous liquid containing impurities, such as sea water or waste water, is contacted with one side of the membrane and pure water is collected from the other side of the membrane due to pervaporation of the water while the impurities remain in the aqueous liquid.
  • the membrane can be used as a humidity augmenting device that provides moisture to an air space that is enclosed by the membrane which would be particularly beneficial to sprouting seeds and growing plants in an enclosed environment.
  • the membrane can be used in a process for increasing the moisture content of dehydrated matter, such as foods or drugs.
  • the dehydrated matter is place in a container wherein at least a portion of the container is the membrane. Water by pervaporation is passed into the container thereby rehydrating the matter contained therein.
  • WVTR Water Vapor Transmission Rate
  • % Linear Expansion of a polymer blend used to form the water vapor permeable non porous hydrophilic membrane is measured by fully hydrating a 10 foot (3 m) long sheet, 6 inches (15.24 cm) wide and 3 mils (76.2 micron) thick of the polymer blend by submerging the sheet in water for 30 minutes and re-measuring the sheet after it has been hydrated. The difference in length is calculated as % Linear Expansion.
  • Hytrel® 8206 thermoplastic polyether-ester polymer 5% by weight, based on the total weight of resin charged into the extruder, of Hytrel® 40 CB (carbon black) for protection against UV light, 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the resin, of Erucamide, a slip additive, 2.5% by weight, based on the weight of the resin, of a LCP polymer (liquid crystalline polyester).
  • Hytrel® 8532 and Hytrel® 40 CB are both polyether ester polymers manufactured by E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware,
  • the LCP polymer is a 40/60 blend of polymerized polyethylene terephthalate/para-hydroxybenzoic acid.
  • the resulting polymer blend has a Melt Index of 0.4.
  • a non porous membrane of the above polymer blend has a WVTR of 3400 g/m 2 /24 hr determined as described above and a % Linear Expansion determined as described above of 4.17%.
  • the above polymer blend was extruded at 200-240 0 C at a rate of
  • corrugated sheet structure (as shown in Fig.2) 1.4 - 1.45 m in width, having top and bottom layers 0.10-0.13 mm in thickness and the corrugated structure has a nominal profile height of 4 mm.
  • the sheet of the corrugated structure (165 linear m) is wound onto a master roll.
  • the sheet is subsequently slit using conventional slitting equipment into rolls that are 17 cm in width and 159 linear m in length and has a nominal 32 channels.
  • the water delivery rate of the corrugated sheet structure is about 70 liters/day/30m.
  • Polymer blend A contained 95% by weight of Hytrel®8532 and 5% by weight of Hytrel®40 CB.
  • Polymer blend B contained 93.6% by weight of
  • Hytrel®8532 and Hytrel®40 CB are polyether ester polymers manufactured by E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware.
  • the resulting polymer blends A and B have a Melt Flow Index of about 0.4.
  • a non porous membrane of the above polymer blend A has a VWTR of 2572 g/m 2 /24 hr determined as described above and a % Linear Expansion determined as described above of 7.55%.
  • a non porous membrane of the above polymer blend B has a VWTR of 2345 g/m 2 /24 hr determined as described above and a % Linear Expansion determined as described above of 3.82%.
  • Two corrugated sheet structures A and B were formed as in Example 1 using corresponding polymer blends A and B.
  • a field was cultivated with a Johnson Cultivator and 12 beds 78 m in length on 1.5 m centers were constructed.
  • corrugated sheet structure A and corrugated sheet structure B were placed 0.4 meters off of the bed center line, at a shallow burial depth of 13 cm. The moisture of the soil at the time of installation was 15%.
  • Each of the structures was connected to a lay flat header that supplied water to each of the corrugated structures A and B at 1.05 kg/cm 2 .
  • Water pressure was applied and observations taken after 2 hours. The water pressure was reduced to 0.15 - 0.21 kg/cm 2 overnight and water flow data was measured at the end of the device after 16 hours and at a water pressure of 1.05 kg/cm 2 . The results are shown below After 2 hours:
  • Corrugated structure A exhibited kinking and Z folding of the vertical polymeric membrane walls of the channels and little or no water flow ( «3.1 l/min).
  • Corrugated structure B (invention) exhibited minimal distortion, no kinking of Z folding of the vertical polymeric membrane walls of the channels and an excellent water flow (>5.0 l/min).
  • Corrugated structure B same condition as above and water flow of 6.0-17.0 l/min..
  • corrugated structure B (invention) containing LCP polymer when formed into an irrigation device, did not collapse under use conditions and provided an acceptable flow of water in comparison to corrugated structure A that did not contain LCP polymer and basically did not form an acceptable irrigation device since the structure kinked and collapsed and did not allow for the adequate flow of water through the device.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the structure.
  • the polymer blend used to form structures D and F was Hytrel® 8206 and 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the resin, of the LCP polymer, both described in Example 1.
  • the polymer used to form structures C and E did not contain LCP polymer.
  • Each of the structures C-F were connected to a water source and filled with water and the length of each was measured after 24 hours. The results are shown below:
  • Structures D and F representing the invention have a surprising and unexpected reduction in % elongation when the structure is completely hydrated with water in comparison to Structures C and E that did not contain LCP polymer.
  • Structure D (3 mil) (Invention) 250 95 110 300 100 Structure E (6 mil) 310 125 140 350 116
  • Structure F (6 mil) (Invention) 350 120 160 400 133

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de distribution d'eau utilisé, par exemple, pour réguler l'humidité dans un milieu de culture de plantes ou pour un dispositif de purification d'eau ; le dispositif comprenant une membrane hydrophile non poreuse perméable à la vapeur d'eau, constituée d'un mélange polymère d'au moins un polymère de polyéther-ester thermoplastique et d'un polyester thermotrope cristallin liquide ; la membrane présentant une transmission de vapeur d'eau d'au moins 400 g/m2/24 h mesuré selon la norme ASTM F-1249 -90 sur un film de 3 millièmes de pouce (76,2 microns) d'épaisseur à l'aide d'air à 30 °C et à 100 % d'humidité relative à une vitesse de 3 m/s, le mélange polymère présentant une dilatation linéaire inférieure ou égale à 7 % mesurée sur un film totalement hydraté constitué du mélange polymère ; un liquide aqueux comprenant de l'eau étant ainsi placé en contact avec la membrane et l'eau traversant la membrane par pervaporation vers, par exemple, un milieu de culture de plantes, ce qui permet de réguler l'humidité du milieu ou de collecter l'eau et de l'utiliser en tant qu'eau purifiée.
PCT/US2004/019079 2003-06-12 2004-06-10 Membranes hydrophiles permeable a la vapeur d'eau, dispositifs constitues desdites membranes et procede d'utilisation desdits dispositifs Ceased WO2004110132A2 (fr)

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US47800503P 2003-06-12 2003-06-12
US60/478,005 2003-06-12

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB2436222A (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-19 Design Tech & Innovation Ltd Irrigation system
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