WO2004111767A2 - Systeme et procede de programmation de prescriptions pharmaceutiques - Google Patents

Systeme et procede de programmation de prescriptions pharmaceutiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004111767A2
WO2004111767A2 PCT/US2004/017241 US2004017241W WO2004111767A2 WO 2004111767 A2 WO2004111767 A2 WO 2004111767A2 US 2004017241 W US2004017241 W US 2004017241W WO 2004111767 A2 WO2004111767 A2 WO 2004111767A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
medication
patient
schedule
data
food supplement
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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PCT/US2004/017241
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English (en)
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WO2004111767A3 (fr
Inventor
Astrid Keene
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AU2004248558A priority Critical patent/AU2004248558A1/en
Priority to CA002527604A priority patent/CA2527604A1/fr
Publication of WO2004111767A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004111767A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2004111767A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004111767A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
    • G06Q10/109—Time management, e.g. calendars, reminders, meetings or time accounting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F17/00—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services
    • G07F17/0092—Coin-freed apparatus for hiring articles; Coin-freed facilities or services for assembling and dispensing of pharmaceutical articles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/10—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/60—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to nutrition control, e.g. diets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H70/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references
    • G16H70/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to drugs, e.g. their side effects or intended usage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to healthcare and to the pharmaceutical field, and more specifically, to minimizing errors in prescribing, dispensing, and administering medication.
  • AIDS patients commonly become incapacitated suddenly, thereby requiring family, friends, and other nonprofessionals to step in and take over the medication administration at any time without training or any other specialized knowledge to ensure errors are minimized.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. IB depict two examples of conventional medication schedules typically used to administer medication (e.g., in a nursing home).
  • medication e.g., in a nursing home
  • each pharmaceutical, drug, medicine, food supplement, vitamin, or the like (collectively described herein as "medication") is identified only by difficult-to-read font and with abbreviations not typically understood by patients.
  • each "X" represents a "skip date,” rather than an "administer date” (denoted by a blank).
  • administer date denotes to administer the prescribed drugs.
  • FIG. 1C illustrates a handwritten list of medications given to the patient at time of discharge.
  • No alphabetical or chronological order is provided to support the patient or caregiver.
  • the handwriting may be illegible or difficult to read, especially for older patients with poor eyesight.
  • the present invention provides a system and method for scheduling pharmaceutical prescriptions and food supplements, such as vitamins and minerals.
  • a computer- implemented process as described herein reduces the risk of mistakenly taking or giving medication due, for example, to irregular schedules of administering drugs.
  • a method is provided to manipulate data representing images and other information to generate, among other things, a schedule for administering medicines, food supplements, etc.
  • the method organizes pictograms and graphical images of prescribed medications and food supplements (e.g., minerals, vitamins, etc.) of a patient. It is a user friendly, easy to follow medication-providing system.
  • the medication and food supplement information describing items to be dispensed can be provided by a medication reference and picture library, which is a database for all FDA approved medications and food supplements. Further, this database includes data representing images/photos (e.g., color) or detailed drawings of medication, which can display an item at all angles and perspective views for more accurate identification of the medication. Animated images are available for 360 degree viewing if necessary to identify medications and food supplements. [0016] For each of the pharmaceuticals, food supplements, etc. stored in the Medication Reference and Picture-Library, dosage graduations, sizes, etc. are available.
  • Changes in product appearance, dosages and other information specific to an item can be updated quickly and at low cost over secure lines from the internet or other data carriers.
  • an automated voice feature pronounces the name of the medication and provides a brief description of usage to ensure that the correct medication is entered into the schedule and is administered.
  • the method and system provides a computing system which easily establishes and generates a medication regimen.
  • a crossover and allergic reaction test (Drug Utilization Review, DUR) module performs drug to drug comparison to determine whether to prescribe a particular drug and/or food supplement to a patient.
  • the crossover and allergic reaction test (DUR) module includes a set of program instructions, that when executed, helps to reduce the risk of over- and mis-medication, detrimental drug interactions, overdoses, and other unfortunate side effects.
  • the medication reference and picture library can also include data representing machine-readable identifiers, such as a bar code, that are commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry, food supplement manufacturers, and advanced health care facilities for each medication unit to accommodate participants that have a bar code system. Each bar code represents a specific type of medication and/or patient specific prescription.
  • FIG. 1A and IB are examples of prior art medication schedules
  • FIG. 1C is an example of a prior art handwritten medication list
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary communications network suitable for implementing an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the exemplary computing system of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of the exemplary databank server of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary medication provider schedule module, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6A is an exemplary medication schedule according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6B is an exemplary pictogram text description page
  • FIG. 6C is a table of exemplary pictograms
  • FIG. 6D is an example prescription view page
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an overall method for generating a medication schedule, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8A is an exemplary flowchart for handling patient personal profile data
  • FIG. 8B is an example patient profile page
  • FIG. 9 is an exemplary flowchart for creating patient personal medication and food supplement data
  • FIG. 10 is an exemplary flowchart for testing crossover and allergic reaction
  • FIG. 11 is an exemplary flowchart for creating patient personal administrative data
  • FIG. 12 is an exemplary flowchart for generating the medication schedule
  • FIG. 13 is an exemplary flowchart for assembling the medication schedule.
  • the present invention provides a system and method for scheduling pharmaceutical prescriptions and/or food supplements, such as vitamins and minerals.
  • a computer-implemented process as described herein reduces the risk of mistakenly taking or giving medication at a wrong time or with a wrong dosage.
  • FIG. 2 a generalized diagram of an exemplary network 200 in which the present invention may be practiced is shown.
  • the network 200 comprises several local networks coupled to the Internet 202.
  • a Userl computing system 204 is connected to a Serverl 206 which in turn is coupled to the Internet 202.
  • the Userl may be a network participant or a patient.
  • the connection to the Internet 202 can be by a network, such as Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, IEEE standard 1553 bus, modem connection, Universal Serial Bus, etc.
  • the communication link need not be a wire but can be infrared, radio wave transmission, etc.
  • the Internet 202 is shown symbolically as a collection of server routers 208.
  • the Userl computing system 204 can be connected directly to the Internet 202.
  • the connection of the Serverl 206 to the Internet 202 is typically by a relatively high bandwidth transmission medium such as a Tl line, a T3 line, Metro Area Ethernet, or the like.
  • other computing systems 210 are shown utilizing a local network at a different location from the Userl computing system 204.
  • the other computing systems 210 are coupled to the Internet 202 via a Server2312.
  • a User3 computing system 214 and a Server3216 represent yet a third installation.
  • the network 200 further comprises a network central databank server 218 coupled to the Internet 202.
  • the network databank server 218 is a high capacity server that stores network data such as every patient's personal data file.
  • the databank server 218 will be discussed in further detail below in connection with FIG. 4.
  • the use of the Internet for distribution or communication of information is not strictly necessary to practice the present invention but is merely used to illustrate a specific embodiment.
  • server computers and the designation of server and client machines are not crucial to an implementation of the present invention.
  • the present invention may be self contained within a LAN or single computing system. Additionally, more users/participants and servers may be coupled to the network 200.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the exemplary computing system 204 in more detail.
  • the computing system 204 comprises a plurality of components which are directly interfaced to an internal bus 302.
  • the components include an input/output (I/O) controller 304, a memory 306, central processing unit (CPU) 308, a display adapter 310, at least one serial port 312, a fixed disc 314 comprising a database 316, and a network interface adapter 318, which in turn is coupled electrically to the network.
  • the use of the bus 302 allows each of the components to transfer data among themselves and, most importantly, with the CPU 308.
  • the CPU 308 may be a SparcTM, an Intel CPU, a PowerPCTM, or other equivalent unit.
  • a monitor/screen/display 320 couples with the display adapter 310, and a relative pointing device 322 (e.g. a touch screen or a mouse) couples through the serial port 312. Further devices such as a keyboard 324 may communicate with the CPU 308 by direct means as, for example, via an interrupt controller and associated registers.
  • the database 316 may comprise a local databank (similar to a network databank) of patient information.
  • a local databank may be externally coupled to the computing system 204.
  • the databank server 218 comprises a databank 402 and a security unit 404.
  • the databank 402 comprises a database 406 and a medication provider schedule (MPS) module 408.
  • MPS medication provider schedule
  • the databank 402 stores software (e.g., within the MPS module 408) for implementation of the present invention.
  • a network participant e.g., hospitals, doctors, pharmacies, and other professional health personnel
  • the participant does not need to have the software stored and/or loaded on their local computing system 204, but may work online over secure lines of the Internet 202 by running the software in the MPS module 408 directly on the databank server 218.
  • the software may be read from a CD-ROM or other storage medium.
  • the MPS module 408 further comprises components which create data files utilized by the system in order to generate the medication schedule of the present invention. This aspect of the MPS module 408 will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 5.
  • the participant In order to access the databank 402, the participant must register with, and provide a correct login to a registration module 410 of the security unit 404. According to one embodiment, the participant will receive or set an ID number (or login name) and a password after a first registration with the security unit 404.
  • the participant may access the databank 402 to exchange information with the database 406, or to work off the databank server 218 (instead of having the software loaded on the participant's computer).
  • a logbook 412 records all access to the databank server 218 including all activities, data entry, user names, and locations.
  • a patient may access their own records stored on the databank server 218 via the Internet 202. These patient accesses may also be logged in the logbook 412.
  • the database 406 of the databank 402 stores patient data files. Initially, the patient authorizes the participant to establish his/her personal data file.
  • the data in the file may include personal profile data such as full name of patient, social security number (which may be encoded for protection), date of birth, place of birth, picture of the patient, sex, allergies, health insurance, medical records, etc. Additionally, data may be stored for a patient's personal medications and food supplements and for a personal illustrated schedule. Further embodiments may store other forms of information in the database 406.
  • the participant may receive or enter the data via their user computing system (e.g., 204). Alternatively, data can be provided or received via cell phone, palm, or other computing devices.
  • the patient's data file may be stored at the local computing system database 316 (FIG. 3) or other local databanks, in addition to, or instead of being stored at the network databank 402. This allows the participant to work offline.
  • access by the participant on their computing system 204 and activation of the corresponding software may result in an entry in the logbook 412 on the databank server 218 or a similar logbook of the local databank. This insures that a complete access record is kept.
  • the MPS module 408 is shown in more detail.
  • the modules of the MPS module 408 may be downloaded and stored locally for use on a computing system, or accessed for operation on the central server 218 (FIG. 2).
  • the exemplary MPS module 408 comprises a patient profile data unit 502, a medication and food supplement data unit 504, a crossover/allergic reaction test (DUR) module 506, a schedule module 508, a label module 510, and a medication reference and picture library 512.
  • DUR crossover/allergic reaction test
  • more, less, or other modules and units may be embodied in the MPS module 408.
  • a further embodiment may comprise an optional administrative data unit 514 which uses data such as bar codes, RX refill numbers, refill due dates, and number of refills to create an administrative data file used for populating a schedule and/or label, according to the present invention.
  • the profile data unit 502 creates and maintains a patient's personal profile.
  • the personal profile comprises data such as patient name, social security number (which may be encoded for protection), date of birth, place of birth, a picture of the patient, sex, allergies, health insurance information, medical records, and any other information relevant to the patient's medical condition and treatment. This information may be received from the patient, the participant, or the database 406 (FIG. 4).
  • the medication and food supplement data unit 504 uses information such as name of medication, dosage, amount, directions, time of allocation, and so forth to establish a complete list of all medications and food supplements for a particular patient. The information may be supplied by the patient, supplied by the participant, or obtained from the database 406.
  • the crossover/allergic reaction test (DUR) module 506 checks prescribed and/or self-administered medications and food supplements, such as vitamins and minerals, taken by the patient to insure no adverse effects will occur. If an adverse effect will occur, the system will, in exemplary embodiments, access the medication reference and picture library 512 for recommendations for an alternative medication.
  • the crossover/allergic reaction test will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 10
  • the schedule module 508 Based on the data obtained and/or created by the profile data unit 502, the medication and food supplement data unit 504, the crossover/allergic reaction test module 506, and the optional administrative data unit 514, the schedule module 508 generates a medication schedule for the patient.
  • the schedule module 508 (FIG. 5) generates this schedule by organizing all the provided information into a suitable format form for each individual patient based on the patient's and/or caregiver's needs and abilities.
  • the schedule module 508 uses color ( images/illustrations such as photos or elucidated drawings of medication/food supplements or the like to clearly identify such medications. Further, directions or warnings for taking of the medication can be illustrated through the use of pictograms. Additionally, the pictogram can be supplemented with further directions such as, but not limited to, "take with food,” “take with water,” “do not take with alcohol.”
  • the schedule generation process will be discussed in further detail below in connection with FIGs. 7, 12, and 13.
  • labels for the medication are generated by the label module 510. These labels will coordinate with the schedule.
  • both the schedule and the label may use the same illustrations and pictograms for the medication, directions, and warnings, thus allowing the patient to match the correct medication to the schedule.
  • an exemplary illustrated patient personal illustrated medication provider schedule 600 (the "schedule") is shown on a display of the computing system 204 (FIG. 2).
  • the schedule 600 is a table describing procedures to take prescribed medications and/or food supplements (e.g., what time, which medication, how much of the medication, etc.).
  • the schedule 600 may be organized by specific time(s) of the day (in hours or meals), week, month, or other special time(s) or occasions, specific brand/generic medications, specific dosage(s) of the medication, specific amount(s) of the medication, specific direction(s) how to take medication(s), and so forth.
  • the presentation of the schedule 600 can be varied so as to adapt to a patient' s/caregiver's specific needs (e.g., it can be organized by day, hour, type of medication, frequency of use, before or after meals, or any other way).
  • the presentation type depends on an ability of the patient and/or the place/institution the schedule 600 will be used.
  • the schedule 600 especially supports patients with special needs, temporary or permanent disabilities (e.g., patients whose conditions force them to take a great number of drugs, complicated drug patterns and combinations), patients with low vision or blindness (e.g., using Braille), patients with limited language comprehension, etc.
  • the schedule 600 can include illustrations of the medications for identification, and uses such illustrations in the form of images and/or photos (e.g.
  • the schedule 600 also can be adapted to include audio descriptions and/or Braille representations of a medication if the patient has negligible sight, or is blind.
  • the schedule 600 shows medication that the patient must take with breakfast (i.e., in the morning), lunch, and dinner.
  • This exemplary schedule 600 is provided for one week.
  • alternative embodiments may be generated to show the schedule for the entire day (e.g., by meals such as breakfast, lunch, and dinner; by times such as hourly increments; etc.), and the schedule 600 may comprise other time periods (e.g., for two weeks, for the month).
  • the schedule 600 clearly illustrates to the patient or administrator the medication name 602 and look (i.e., graphical representation 604) as well as whether the medication should be taken on a specific day.
  • the schedule 600 further provides directions for taking the medication.
  • DDS (20 milligrams) should be taken with food as indicated by a pictogram 606 (i.e., the bread pictogram represents food).
  • Diltizazem CD should not be taken with alcohol as indicated by a pictogram 608.
  • the patient or participant may click on the pictogram which will bring up text directions corresponding to the pictogram, for example, as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the pictograms may be illustrations having multiple angles, be enlarged, and be animated for viewing.
  • An exemplary table of applicable pictograms is shown in FIG. 6C.
  • Pictograms in addition to those shown in the table are contemplated and may be used in accordance with the present invention. Additionally, more than one pictogram may be provided for a single medication or food supplement.
  • the schedule 600 may be printed out by the participant, and when applicable, given to the patient (or printed by the patient). Alternatively, the participant and/or the patient (and/or the patient's caregiver) may access the schedule via the Internet.
  • the schedule is interactive. For example, by clicking on a graphical image 604 of one of the medications, further information is provided in a view prescription page.
  • the prescription page 620 may comprise specific information on the medication (e.g., image, dosage, amount to be taken, directions for taking, and comments), pharmacy and physician information, common use, cautions, and possible side effects.
  • the prescription page 620 also enables the participant and/or the patient (and/or the patient's caregiver) to re-order the prescription over the internet.
  • FIG. 7 an exemplary flowchart of one method for generating the schedule 600 (FIG. 6a) is shown.
  • the participant checks the availability of a particular patient's data files.
  • the participant accesses the local MPS module (i.e., the local MPS module on the computer system 204 of FIG.
  • the participant may also log onto the network central databank 218 (FIG. 2) by providing an authorized user name and password which is verified by the security unit 404 (FIG. 4).
  • Data or data updates for the particular patient's data file may then be transferred from the central databank 402 to the participants computing system 204 (FIG. 2) and stored in the local databank or database 316 (FIG. 3).
  • These updates may comprise information from other participants on the network.
  • the patient may have different physicians with different specialties. Each physician may write prescriptions locally and the central databank 402 collects all the information.
  • the computing system 204 is a server located on premises of the participant, and operates, among other things, to store patient personal data files established on the premises and/or retrieved from the network central databank 218.
  • the personal data files include the patient's personal profile data, existing patient's personal medication and food supplement data, and existing patient's personal illustrated provider schedule data.
  • the participant accesses the patient's existing personal profile data.
  • the participant may view and/or update the existing personal profile data, which may be established previously by another participant. If the personal profile data is not available (e.g., not previously established), the participant may create a new personal profile data file via the profile data unit 502 (FIG. 5). This step will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 8.
  • step 706 Patient personal medication and food supplement data is then created in step 706.
  • the participant enters new medications into the system for the patient. This step will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 9.
  • the crossover and allergic reaction test (DUR) is applied in step 708 and a determination is made as to if at least one medication needs to be changed based on the results of the crossover and allergic reaction test (DUR) in step 710. If at least one medication needs to be changed, then the participant repeats the steps of creating the patient personal medication and food supplement data (step 706) and applying the crossover and allergic reaction test (DUR) (step 708). However, if no medications need to be changed, then the participant may create or update the patient personal administrative data in optional step 712. Steps 708 and 710 will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 10.
  • step 714 the schedule is generated.
  • the method of FIG. 7 is exemplary. Alternative embodiments may perform more, less, or alternative steps to achieve the same results. For example, checking the availability of the patient's data file (i.e., step 702) may not be required in an embodiment where the computing system 204 is the local or network server. Additionally, some steps may be practiced in a different order or not practiced. For example, if the participant merely wants to generate and print a schedule without prescribing a new medication (e.g., refilling existing medication), the crossover and allergic reaction test of steps 708 and 710 may need not be practiced. Further to this example, step 706 only accesses stored medication and food supplement data.
  • a new medication e.g., refilling existing medication
  • the computing system 204 (FIG. 2) checks if the patient's personal profile data is available in step 802. If the profile data is available, then the personal profile data file is accessed in step 804. The participant may then view the data in the profile data file. If changes and updates are needed in step 806, the participant may input and save the changes in step 808.
  • the participant will create a new profile data file in step 810 via the profile data unit 502 (FIG. 5). Accordingly, the participant may be prompted to enter data such as the patient's picture, medical history, encoded Social Security Number, file number, and other pertinent information. Based on the information, the patient's personal profile data file is established.
  • the MPS module 408 (FIG. 4) produces and presents a graphical user interface which includes the personal profile data (e.g., a header 822 on top of each page of information for the patient).
  • This header 822 may contain a picture of the patient, name, date of birth, allergies and other important personal and medical information.
  • the header 822 may be provided on various data display pages to the participant. The information in the header 822 helps minimize mix-ups which can arise due to commonality of patient's with the same name, same date of birth, misspelled names, and any other similar errors.
  • the patient profile page 820 further comprises profile information such as patient address and contact information, insurance information, and emergency contact information.
  • an exemplary flowchart of a method for creating or updating patient personal medication and food supplement data (step 706) is provided.
  • the medication and food supplement data file is created and updated by the medication and food supplement data unit 504 (FIG. 5) and uses information from the medication and reference picture library 512 (FIG. 5).
  • the medication and food supplement unit 504 processes information such as name of the medication, dosage(s), amount(s), directions, times(s) of allocation, and so forth. Resultantly, the medication and food supplement unit 504 establishes a list of medications and food supplements to be administered to the patient.
  • a medication identifier is entered for a new prescription by the participant.
  • the medication identifier is associated with a specific medication.
  • the medication identifier may be the name or sku number of a brand or generic medication. If the medication identifier is not entered correctly or is not known to the medication and food supplement data unit 504, the participant will be prompted to reenter the medication identifier.
  • the medication reference and picture library 512 (FIG. 5) is referenced to determine if the medication identifier is correct.
  • the medication identifier is entered correctly, the participant is then prompted to select a dosage (e.g., 5 mg) for the medication in step 904.
  • Preset dosages from which the participant may select from may be provided by the medication reference and picture library 512.
  • the participant may provide the dosage by manually entering the dosage into the computing system 204, for example, via the keyboard 324 (FIG. 3).
  • information concerning the medication is provided in step 906.
  • images or drawings of the medication/food supplement and a short description of usage appears on the monitor/screen/display 320 (FIG. 3). The images can appear in one or more angles, be enlarged, and be animated for 360 degree viewing.
  • an optional automated voice feature pronounces the medication name and may give the participant a brief description of usage. The information is provided to ensure that the correct medication is selected which will be inserted into the schedule.
  • the images, brief descriptions, and other information are provided by the medication reference and picture library 512.
  • step 908 the participant selects the medication amount (i.e., number of tablets or ml). Preset amounts from which the participant may select from may be provided by the medication reference and picture library 512. Alternatively, the participant may provide the amount by manually entering the amount into the computing system 204. In this instance, the participant is able to establish an irregular or customized amount.
  • the medication amount i.e., number of tablets or ml.
  • the participant selects time(s) that the medication should be administered in step 910.
  • the time(s) may be selected from a preset time(s) selection provided by the medication reference and picture library 512, or may be provided by the participant/physician.
  • the participant first selects the time(s) of the day to administer the medication.
  • the participant selects the time(s) of the week for medication administration.
  • the medication may be administered at breakfast every other day.
  • a calendar is provided from which the participant may select days for administering the medication, for example, during customized, irregular times.
  • step 912 the participant establishes directions for taking the medication.
  • the medication may need to be taken with food or not taken with alcohol.
  • the participant may choose to provide easy-to- recognize pictograms (i.e., illustrated symbolized picture) from the medi ⁇ ation reference and picture library 512.
  • step 914 the participant establishes a method or location of application of the medication or food supplement.
  • the medication may need to be applied to the mouth, the nose, or into the ear.
  • the participant may choose to provide easy-to-recognize pictograms (i.e., illustrated symbolized picture; see FIG 6c) from the medication reference and picture library 512.
  • the participant may provide other directions or comments in step 916.
  • steps 912 and 914 may be encompassed within a single step.
  • the participant may create an irregular or customized schedule.
  • the participant may schedule medication to be administered in alternating segments of time and/or can be allocated in accordance with any time(s) of the day, time(s) of the week, time(s) of the month, dosage(s), amount(s), and direction(s).
  • FIG. 9 describes one embodiment of the method for creating or updating personal mediation and food supplement data.
  • some steps may be performed in a difference order, combined, or not practiced. Additionally, some steps may be automatically performed by the computing system based on information from the medication reference and picture library 512.
  • step 1002 an exemplary flowchart of a method for testing for crossover and allergic reaction.
  • the crossover and allergic reaction test performs a check to determine whether there is an incompatible use of two or more medications and food supplements after the list of medications and food supplements have been provided by the participant.
  • step 1002 one medication is selected for comparison with the rest of the medication on the list. If the selected medication is compatible with the rest of the medication in step 1004, then the crossover/allergic reaction test module 506 (FIG. 5) determines if there is a next medication on the list (step 1006) which needs to be tested for compatibility. If so, then the method returns to the beginning of the test.
  • step 1004 If in step 1004, the selected medication is not compatible with one or more of the other medications on the list, a warning is issued in step 1008. Then, the test module 506 will query the participant as to whether at least one of the incompatible medications should be replaced or whether at least one of the incompatible medications should not be prescribed (i.e., refuse prescription) in step 1010. If the participant chooses to refuse prescribing one of the incompatible medications, then the refused medication will be removed from the medication list for the patient in step 1014, and the test module 506 moves on to test a next medication, if one is available. In further embodiments, the refused medication may be replaced with a safe alternative. [0081] If the participant chooses to replace one of the incompatible medications, then an alternative medication is selected in step 1012.
  • a list of alternative medication may be provided by the medication reference and picture library 512.
  • the participant may manually provide an alternative medication. After the alternative medication is selected, the personal medication and food supplement data is updated and the test module 506 will repeat the test with the alternative medication.
  • an exemplary flowchart of a method for creating or updating patient personal administrative data is shown.
  • the administrative data is used to ensure both the participant and the patient an efficient and secure future distribution of the medication.
  • this method is optional when creating a schedule.
  • an amount/unit is selected via the administrative unit.
  • the amount/unit of medication (e.g., per container) may be suggested by the medication reference and picture library 512 (FIG. 5) or entered manually by the participant (e.g., in accordance with a physician's recommendation).
  • the barcode or identifier may be applied in step 1104.
  • the barcode or identifier may be chosen from an existing bar code identifier such as those used by the pharmaceutical industry or provided by the medication reference and picture library 512.
  • an internal custom barcode may be generated by the participant for use with the participants own computing system 204 (FIG. 2).
  • An internal custom barcode may be utilized, for example, when the participant has an internal security barcode system such as those commonly used in hospitals.
  • the participant applies an Rx refill number if one is available. The Rx refill number may be obtained from the participant's computing system databank.
  • This Rx refill number enables the patient to easily reorder medication, for example, via phone, e-mail, the Internet, or other methods.
  • the participant applies an Rx refill due date if applicable.
  • the Rx refill due date is the day a patient has to reorder his/her refill of the current prescription.
  • the refill due date represents the last day this medication is available to tlie patient, if medication is taken properly according to the physician's orders.
  • the participant may enter the refill due date manually or the computing system may calculate the due date and apply it automatically.
  • the participant applies a number of refills if available.
  • the number of refills is the number of times the patient may obtain the prescription as prescribed by the physician without a further prescription.
  • the participant may either manually enter the number of refills or retrieves the number of refills remaining from the computing system databank.
  • the schedule is generated by the schedule module 508 (FIG. 5) of the MPS module 408 (FIG. 4).
  • a format is selected for the schedule 600.
  • the format may be different for an outpatient versus an inpatient depending on the patient's needs.
  • the format of the schedule 600 may be chosen from a selection provided by the MPS module 408 via, for example, a scroll through menu.
  • the participant may customize the format of the schedule 600 such as size and orientation of the schedule 600, size of fonts, use of more pictograms, etc. For example, a patient may prefer to have the schedule 600 in a larger size due to her/his eyesight disability or a small (wallet) size so as to be able to place the schedule 600 on her/his refrigerator or carry in her/his wallet.
  • the participant selects a time frame for the schedule 600.
  • the time frame represents the range between a start time and an end time for the schedule 600.
  • the time frame may comprise a week, month, or any other range of time.
  • the schedule module 508 assembles the schedule in step 1206.
  • the schedule 600 is assembled by organizing and arranging the data accessed from the personal profile data file, the personal medication and food supplement data file, and the administration data file, if available. This step will be discussed in further detail in connection with FIG. 13 below.
  • the participant may then review tlie schedule 600 (FIG. 6A) in step 1208. In one embodiment, if changes to the schedule 600 are needed, the participant may reselect the format and time frame for the schedule 600. If no changes are needed, then the participant determines if the schedule 600 requires translation in step 1212. If no translation is required, the schedule 600 is saved in step 1214.
  • the schedule 600 will need to be translated.
  • the patient/care giver may not be able to read English, so the schedule 600 will be translated to the patient' s/caregiver's native language.
  • the patient may be partially or fully blind.
  • the schedule module 508 will translate the schedule into Braille.
  • the MSP module 408 may then save both versions of the schedule 600 (original and translated) for subsequent access in step 1214.
  • the schedule may be printed out for the patient and/or caregiver. Alternatively, the patient and/or caregiver may access the schedule via the Internet or any other state of the art methods.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates one method for the schedule generating step 714.
  • the time frame may be selected before the format (step 1202), or the schedule may be saved (step 1214) before translation (step 1216).
  • the time frame may be selected before the format (step 1202), or the schedule may be saved (step 1214) before translation (step 1216).
  • FIG. 13 an exemplary method for schedule assembly (step 1206) is shown.
  • steps 1302, 1304, and 1306 the profile data file, the medication and supplemental data file, and the administrative data file for the patient is accessed, respectively.
  • the respective data from each data file is then assembled into a matrix.
  • the personal profile data is assembled into a profile matrix in step 1308.
  • the profile matrix is an array of information describing the patients and his/her needs.
  • the profile matrix may be used to further create a patient's masterpage (e.g., graphical user interface) containing important patient data such as name, picture, date of birth, allergies, and any other relevant information which would help in preventing mix-ups relating to patients (e.g., the header 822 of FIG. 8B).
  • the medication and supplemental data and administrative data are assembled into one or more matrices in step 1310.
  • Each matrix is an array of information about a single medication or food supplement being utilized by the patient.
  • Each matrix can be treated as a single, flexible element or data structure, and may include information such as name of medication, dosage, amount/allocation, time(s) of day and/or week, irregular amount and schedule, directions, general comments, and so forth.
  • the profile matrix (i.e., patient masterpage) and the medication matrices are combined in step 1312, and may be organized according to the patient' s/caregiver's needs in step 1314.
  • the schedule may be organized by specific times of the day, week, and/or month, occasions, brand/generic medications, dosage(s), amount(s), directions, type of medication, frequency of use, and so forth.
  • the schedule 600 may be presented according to the patient's needs such as poor eyesight, illiteracy, or any other requirements. Additionally, Rx refill due data and refill numbers may be integrated into the schedule if available.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates only one embodiment of the schedule generation step 1206, and alternative methods are contemplate.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 13 shows the matrices assembly steps occurring in parallel, alternative embodiments may have the assembly steps occurring in series.
  • the profile data file may be accessed and the profile matrix assembled before accessing the medication and supplement data file and the administrative data file, and assembling the corresponding matrices.
  • step 1306 is removed and step 1310 only comprises assembling matrices with medication and supplemental data.

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Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un système et un procédé de programmation de prescriptions pharmaceutiques. Conformément à plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention, un module de programmation compile des données et crée une programmation d'administration de médicaments adaptée à chaque patient et facile à comprendre. Les données utilisées pour créer la programmation comprennent des données de profil personnel du patient, des données d'ajout de médicaments et de nourriture, et des données administratives personnelles.
PCT/US2004/017241 2003-05-30 2004-06-01 Systeme et procede de programmation de prescriptions pharmaceutiques Ceased WO2004111767A2 (fr)

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AU2004248558A AU2004248558A1 (en) 2003-05-30 2004-06-01 System and method for scheduling pharmaceutical prescriptions
CA002527604A CA2527604A1 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-06-01 Systeme et procede de programmation de prescriptions pharmaceutiques

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PCT/US2004/017312 Ceased WO2004109626A2 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-06-01 Systeme et procede de production d'etiquettes indiquant la posologie d'un medicament prescrit
PCT/US2004/017241 Ceased WO2004111767A2 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-06-01 Systeme et procede de programmation de prescriptions pharmaceutiques

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WO2004109626A2 (fr) 2004-12-16
CA2527673A1 (fr) 2004-12-16
US20050038558A1 (en) 2005-02-17
CA2527604A1 (fr) 2004-12-23
WO2004111767A3 (fr) 2007-05-10
AU2004248558A1 (en) 2004-12-23
US20040243445A1 (en) 2004-12-02
AU2004246660A1 (en) 2004-12-16

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