WO2004113025A1 - Outil configure pour cooperer avec un objet polygonal - Google Patents

Outil configure pour cooperer avec un objet polygonal Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004113025A1
WO2004113025A1 PCT/ZA2004/000070 ZA2004000070W WO2004113025A1 WO 2004113025 A1 WO2004113025 A1 WO 2004113025A1 ZA 2004000070 W ZA2004000070 W ZA 2004000070W WO 2004113025 A1 WO2004113025 A1 WO 2004113025A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tool
contact faces
spanner
nut
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ZA2004/000070
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Brian Preston Lawrence
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2004113025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004113025A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/10—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws
    • B25B13/107—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws composed of a main body with exchangeable inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/58—Jaw attachments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tool such as a spanner or the like.
  • Spanners are commonly used to tighten or loosen nuts and bolts. These nuts and bolts are popularly made with hexagonal heads, there are also nuts and bolts that are square. To grip shafts there are usually two parallel flat surfaces located opposite one another which can also be gripped by a spanner.
  • spanners made in a wide range of different types, e.g. flat open-ended spanners; ring spanners; socket spanners; tube spanners; and - adjustable spanners.
  • Flat open-ended spanners can be double-ended, or in combination with ring spanner at one end.
  • ring spanners can be double-ended or in a combination with a flat open end as above. Both these types can also be single-ended with the other end rounded to form a tapered point known as a podger spanner.
  • Socket spanners are popularly made in a "Double Hex" form which relies on the female hex corners to grip the male hex corners of the hex nut or bolt head.
  • Impact sockets are identified by there being a perfect female hex of six sides. Sockets have square drive connections for connecting to drives such as in the case of a power bar, ratchet, nut runner, torque wrench, crank handle, or an impact wrench.
  • Tube spanners resemble pieces of tubing (pipe) with a hex formed to both ends. There is as a consequence of deforming the tube wall both an inner female hex and an outer male hex, their sizes differing by the wall thickness of the tube from which they were made. A hole is located transversely through the tube walls at either end near to the hex forms for the positioning of a drive bar for rotation.
  • Adjustable spanners are more commonly referred to as a shifting spanner. They are of the flat open-ended configuration, with one fixed jaw and one movable jaw for adjustment. There are numerous sizes even though they are adjustable within a range of sizes.
  • Flogging spanners are normally made with a single-ended ring form with the handle shortened and thickened to cope with heavy hammer blows, used for large nuts and bolts.
  • the inventor is aware of many instances when spanners, although correctly sized, do not engage the flats or corners of hexagonal nuts or bolt heads properly. This problem is believed to originate from: incorrect size, shape, or form of the nut or bolt head; comparatively soft steel of nut or bolt; - previously subjected to over stress; previously subjected to the incorrect size of spanner; the contact surfaces of the nut or bolt heads have worn from repeated use; contact with other mechanical items that hook, snag or drag on, over around nuts and bolt heads; or erosion or corrosion from the in situ environment, medium or application.
  • Pliers are often used to grip hex or square nuts or bolt heads. In instances where rather large pliers with long handles are used to grip the nut or bolt head sufficient force can be applied to damage the flats or corners. When self-locking pliers (vice grips) are used this is most certainly the case, and the damage can be severe.
  • the geometry of all pliers is common in that the jaws are usually only parallel to one another at one point in the arc scribed by the movement about the centre pin. In every other position the jaws are out of parallel by varying degrees depending on the opening. Generally pliers are made with the jaws parallel in the closed position. This makes pliers in general totally unsuited to a task for which they are so widely used. Because of their convenience to adapt so readily to a wide range of sizes has resulted in this situation.
  • the inventor has identified a need for a means which will, as far as practical, ensure that the contact planes of the jaws of a tool such as a spanner or a plier are absolutely parallel.
  • the inventor has further identified a need for a means whereby the contact plane of said jaws will align with the flat faces of hex or square nuts and bolt heads, compensating for any inaccuracies of out of parallelness of the nut or bolt head faces.
  • the need extends to, in the case of open-ended spanners, ring spanners, sockets and impact sockets that there be a range of sizes that will be automatically accommodated for every spanner size.
  • a further need is for a means to use square or hexagonal shafting in power transmission, thus eliminating the expense of cutting internal and external splines, as is common practice at present.
  • a tool configured for engagement with a polygonal object requiring to be rotated about a rotational axis, such as a nut, a bolt, a shaft, or a key
  • said tool including: one or more supports for supporting contact faces which engage with said polygonal object; and two or more contact face portions having engagement surfaces in the form of contact faces for engaging complementary surfaces of the polygonal object, said contact faces being displaceably located for displacement relative to the supports and the object.
  • the contact faces may be loose inserts which are located into complimentary segmental compartments of a housing.
  • the number of inserts may be equivalent to the number of flat sides of the object to be rotated.
  • the inserts may be segmented in cross-section to allow them to swivel in the complimentary segmental compartments to individually align the contact faces with the faces of the object being driven.
  • the inserts may be spherical, which allows axial and transverse movement.
  • the supports may be arranged in opposed pairs.
  • the contact face portions may be pivotally mounted for pivotal displacement relative to the supports.
  • the tool may be a spanner, a plier, a shifting spanner, or the like.
  • the polygonal object may be a nut or a bolt having a hexagonal, square, or other shape.
  • the polygonal object may be a shaft or a key provided, typically, with a square section.
  • This invention differs from conventional spanner and pliers designs in that it provides movable contact faces, which may be in the form of pads, which will engage the flat surfaces of square or hex nuts or bolt heads.
  • Rotation of the spanner may due to the geometry thereof bring these contact faces into firm contact with the nut or bolt head faces.
  • the swivel arrangement of the mounting of the contact faces to the spanner may result in substantially even force being transmitted along the entire length of the nut or bolt head faces.
  • Increasing torque may increase the force which the contact faces experience which improves the chance of perfect alignment and fit-up of the spanner or pliers to the hex or square nut or bolt head.
  • the contact faces may be mounted by means of a swivel pin, a ball and socket, a trunnion, or the like.
  • a spring clip means to locate and keep the contact faces parallel in the maximum open position of the spanner or pliers.
  • one contact face may be provided per jaw.
  • a spring clip centralizing and retaining mechanism may be used to maintain the contact faces a maximum distance apart in a required polygonal form complimentary to the object to be rotated.
  • the contact faces in their jaws may function as described above except over a wider range of sizes.
  • Adjustable spanners work as described in the case of the flat open-ended spanners.
  • spanner and pliers geometry is such that rotational forces induce reciprocal clamping forces by the contact faces that are proportional to one another. This would mean the greater the torque the greater the clamping forces.
  • the spanners and pliers of this design would improve lifetime preservation of the nut and bolt head forms.
  • the spanner sizes would be ranged : - open-ended flat size 17 to 19 mm ring spanner size 30 to 33 mm socket (impact) size 24 to 26 mm
  • the number of spanners usually packed to form a set would be less.
  • Figure 1 shows an open-end flat spanner and/or adjustable spanner engaging nut or bolt head flats.
  • Figure 2 shows a ring and/or socket and/or tube spanner engaging bolt head or nut flats.
  • Figure 3 shows an open-end flat spanner and/or adjustable spanner engaging nut or bolt head corners.
  • Figure 4 shows a ring and/or socket and/or tube spanner engaging nut or bolt head corners.
  • Figure 5 shows pliers and/or self-locking pliers engaging nut or bolt head.
  • Figure 6 shows pliers and/or self-locking pliers engaging nut or bolt head corners.
  • Figure 7 shows alternate contact face with swivel pin arrangement, suitably shaped for engaging nut or bolt head flats and/or engaging nut or bolt head corners. 7 - Alternate pressure pad detail with swivel pin arrangement.
  • Figure 8 shows the geometric principle of the invention.
  • Figure 9 shows a cross-sectional arrangement of hexagonal shaft.
  • Figure 10 shows detail of a transmission and/or square drive in cross- sectional arrangement.
  • C represents a lever which has a fixed position to points A and B.
  • the points A and B are outside the nut or bolt head flats and are shown by dimension D.
  • Rotation of C about the centre of the nut or bolt head C1 causes A and B to travel through arcs A-A1 and B- B1 , respectively.
  • Positions A1 and B1 are shown relative to the nut or bolt head flats as dimension E.
  • the right-angled platforms shown at A1 and B1 have clearly intersected the nut or bolt head flats.
  • the practical application of this principle would have caused the right-angled platforms at points A1 and B1 to have engaged the hexagonal flats somewhere along the arcs A-A1 and B-B1.
  • this engagement would be a point of contact where the loci of the geometry intersect and the contact planes are no longer parallel.
  • the principle of this invention is dependant on the aspects of the above geometry, that the rotation, as in A-A1 , B-B1 and C-C1 will close the open dimension from D to E. Furthermore, the right-angled platforms at A1 and B1 are swivel-mounted to rotate so as to keep the contact faces in perfect parallel alignment and the torsional forces equally and evenly distributed between opposing pressure pads and contact faces.
  • spanners flat open-end spanner; - adjustable open-end spanner (shifting spanner); ring spanner; socket spanner; tube spanner; flogging spanner; - pliers; pliers, self-locking; and
  • Figures 1 and 3 Arrangement of open-end flat spanner and/or adjustable spanner showing pressure pads engaging hexagonal flat in Figure 1 and hexagonal corners in Figure 3.
  • rotation in relation to the hexagon will bring about a clamping force of the pressure pads and the swivel arrangement, whether by trunnion or by pin, will allow perfect alignment and equal and even distribution of the forces to the contact faces.
  • Rotation in either clockwise or anti-clockwise direction has the same and equal result.
  • the above examples provide a spanner and/or pliers where the contact faces automatically align to the nut or bolt head faces. Furthermore, the forces are balanced and equal over opposing faces and evenly distributed over the contact surfaces and the proportional clamping forces are relative to the applied torque, is achieved.
  • the inner component (no. 8) is manufactured in a fixed stationary position and the outer component (no. 11) is permitted to rotate about the inner (no. 8). Then the dimensional spacing between the opposing segmental hosing reduces in relation to the fixed flats of the inner component. (See Figure 8 for geometric principle). This results in a clamping force being induced on the segmental inserts. The radius of the outer segment will swivel before the flat face of the segmental insert is perfectly aligned with the flat face of the inner component. In this manner, equal torsional forces are shared between all the contact faces.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil (1) configuré afin de coopérer avec un objet polygonal (2) devant tourner autour d'un axe de rotation. Ledit outil comprend un ou plusieurs support(s) destiné(s) à supporter des faces de contact (3) qui coopèrent avec ledit objet polygonal et au moins deux parties de face de contact possédant des surfaces de coopération destinées à coopérer avec des surfaces correspondantes de l'objet polygonal, lesdites faces de contact étant disposées afin de se déplacer par rapport aux supports et l'objet.
PCT/ZA2004/000070 2003-06-23 2004-06-23 Outil configure pour cooperer avec un objet polygonal Ceased WO2004113025A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200304842 2003-06-23
ZA03/4842 2003-06-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004113025A1 true WO2004113025A1 (fr) 2004-12-29

Family

ID=33541773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ZA2004/000070 Ceased WO2004113025A1 (fr) 2003-06-23 2004-06-23 Outil configure pour cooperer avec un objet polygonal

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2004113025A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2008298A (nl) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-19 Medical Developments B V Slagsleutel.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1483906A (en) * 1921-10-03 1924-02-19 Walter F Miller Wrench
US1646350A (en) * 1926-08-09 1927-10-18 Hertelendy Andor De Ratchet wrench
DE8708338U1 (de) * 1987-06-12 1987-08-20 Liou, In Jye, Changhwa Schraubenschlüssel
US5579667A (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-12-03 Kim; Kwang-Moo Adjustable wrench
US6116118A (en) * 1998-07-15 2000-09-12 Wesch, Jr.; William E. Gripping apparatus for power tongs and backup tools
FR2814101A1 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-22 Michel Muscio Outil de manoeuvre d'un organe tournant tel qu'un ecrou ou une vis

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1483906A (en) * 1921-10-03 1924-02-19 Walter F Miller Wrench
US1646350A (en) * 1926-08-09 1927-10-18 Hertelendy Andor De Ratchet wrench
DE8708338U1 (de) * 1987-06-12 1987-08-20 Liou, In Jye, Changhwa Schraubenschlüssel
US5579667A (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-12-03 Kim; Kwang-Moo Adjustable wrench
US6116118A (en) * 1998-07-15 2000-09-12 Wesch, Jr.; William E. Gripping apparatus for power tongs and backup tools
FR2814101A1 (fr) * 2000-09-15 2002-03-22 Michel Muscio Outil de manoeuvre d'un organe tournant tel qu'un ecrou ou une vis

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2008298A (nl) * 2012-02-15 2013-08-19 Medical Developments B V Slagsleutel.
WO2013133693A3 (fr) * 2012-02-15 2014-03-20 Safewrench B.V. Clé polygonale à frapper
US10780557B2 (en) 2012-02-15 2020-09-22 Ampco Metal S.A. Slugging wrench

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