WO2005013848A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen einer geometrischen grösse des wurzelkanals eines zahns eines lebewesens - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen einer geometrischen grösse des wurzelkanals eines zahns eines lebewesens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005013848A1 WO2005013848A1 PCT/EP2004/009044 EP2004009044W WO2005013848A1 WO 2005013848 A1 WO2005013848 A1 WO 2005013848A1 EP 2004009044 W EP2004009044 W EP 2004009044W WO 2005013848 A1 WO2005013848 A1 WO 2005013848A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- root canal
- shaft
- working end
- tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
- A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
- A61B5/1076—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions inside body cavities, e.g. using catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
- A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
- A61C19/041—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry for measuring the length of the root canal of a tooth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
- A61B5/4538—Evaluating a particular part of the muscoloskeletal system or a particular medical condition
- A61B5/4542—Evaluating the mouth, e.g. the jaw
- A61B5/4547—Evaluating teeth
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C1/00—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design
- A61C1/02—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools
- A61C1/07—Dental machines for boring or cutting ; General features of dental machines or apparatus, e.g. hand-piece design characterised by the drive of the dental tools with vibratory drive, e.g. ultrasonic waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for determining at least the width of the root canal of a tooth of a living being, in particular a human.
- apex locators denotes the tip of the root of a tooth.
- root canals are usually parallel-walled near the root tip and then usually widen towards the crown. At the root canal entrance, they are through
- the width of the root canal is naturally approx. 300 - 400 ⁇ m at the root tip and between 60 and 1500 ⁇ m at the entrance of the canal (Kerekes, K., Tronstad, L .: Morphometric observations on the canals of human anterior teeth. J Endod 3, 24 (1977a); Kerekes, K., Tronstad, L .: Morphometric observations on root canals of human premolars. J Endod 3: 74 (1977b); Kerekes, K., Tronstad, L .: Morphometric observations on the canals of human olars.
- an endodontic measuring system for determining the length and width of a root canal which comprises two sets of measuring rods to be selected by the user.
- the first set comprises a large number of parallel-sided measuring rods of different diameters to be inserted into the root canal of a tooth.
- the second set comprises a large number of conically tapered measuring rods of various sizes, which have a pressure-sensitive surface.
- a measuring rod of the second set is inserted into the root canal with a diameter of the tip which is equal to the maximum diameter determined in the first step.
- the measuring rod finally contacts the narrowest part of the root canal due to its taper.
- the user can determine the length of the root canal using a suitable indicator on the pressure-sensitive surface of the measuring rod.
- the measurement is carried out in the procedure known from US Pat. No. 6,024,565 by blanking out the root canal with the aid of probes which are attached to the measuring rods. The result of the detection of the root canal remains inaccurate and does not represent an exact representation of its geometry.
- a current source is connected to a small endodontic instrument (file, reamer).
- the measuring tip of the small endodontic instrument acts as a current transmitter in the sense of a signal transmitter.
- a second electrode is arranged in the oral mucosa and acts as a slave electrode in the sense of a signal receiver.
- the electrical resistance is determined by measuring the current flowing between the sensor and slave electrodes.
- the endodontic small instrument known from the VDW GmbH publication is inserted with its tip into the root canal of the tooth.
- a current flows through the root canal between the measuring tip, which acts as a donor electrode, and the slave electrode arranged in the oral mucosa, and reaches a minimum in the area of the root tip. If the file or the reamer is led beyond the area of the root tip into the end of the root canal, the current can flow through the root canal wall in all directions due to the lack of insulation and thus reaches its maximum.
- This signal is determined by an evaluation device and displayed to the user. This enables the length of the root canal to be determined with high accuracy in one measurement process. A laborious and time-consuming insertion of several probes into the root canal is not necessary.
- an alternating current can be used to increase the accuracy.
- This makes it possible to replace the AC resistance, the impedance, instead of a measurement of the ohmic resistance, which is loaded with relatively high inaccuracies capture that can be measured with greater accuracy.
- the accuracy of the measurement can be increased even further by carrying out an impedance gradient measurement or by means of an application of two alternating currents of different frequencies, a relative impedance measurement, in particular by calculating the differences or quotients of the impedances. While in older devices the tissue resistance was used as the measurement basis, today the dentine resistance is used as the measurement basis.
- the focus of the examination of the root canal is in each case the determination of its length.
- a measurement of the width of the root canal, in particular over the entire length of the root canal, is not provided according to the known method and cannot be carried out with the required accuracy using the means available in the prior art.
- the object of the invention was to provide a device and a method with which the determination of the geometry of the root canal of a tooth, in particular the determination of the width of the canal, is possible, with increased accuracy compared to the prior art.
- this object has been achieved in that the device according to the invention with a shaft having a needle-shaped working end and a coupling part,
- an evaluation device which determines the width of the root canal from the deviation of the vibration signal introduced into the shaft by the signal generator from the response signal detected by the signal receiver.
- a needle-shaped working end of a shaft is positioned in the root canal
- the width of the root canal at the respective position of the end of work is determined.
- the invention is based on the finding that a precise knowledge of the entire geometry of the root canal is an important prerequisite for the successful treatment of a diseased tooth. Only then can the root canal system be cleaned and sealed perform particularly safely if the individual peculiarities of its shape are known exactly.
- the result of the detection of the width of the root canal, which is carried out according to the invention, is advantageously combined with a length measurement, which is accompanied by a detection of the position of the end of work at the time of the respective width measurement.
- a length measurement which is accompanied by a detection of the position of the end of work at the time of the respective width measurement.
- the doctor carrying out a root canal treatment thus receives precise information about the extent of his root canal treatment required when using a device according to the invention or when proceeding according to the invention. Based on the anatomical knowledge and inclusion of the pathophysiological knowledge in the course of the root canal treatment, he can remove as much tooth substance (root dentin) as necessary and as little as possible. According to the invention, the determination of the geometry of the root canal, in particular its width, is increased in comparison to the empirical methods for determining the width of the root canal described above, as described above Accuracy achieved. Devices as used according to the invention are also referred to as "apex probes".
- a particular advantage of the invention is that in order to measure the width of the root canal in the patient's mouth, only a minimum of tools has to be positioned in order to obtain the measurement results required for the width measurement.
- the gums in the vicinity of the tooth to be treated are only minimally stressed by the examination itself.
- the working end of the shaft is designed such that it executes vibrations about its longitudinal axis as a result of the vibration signal introduced into the shaft by the signal generator.
- the working end itself excited by the vibration signal introduced into the shaft, carries out vibrations whose maximum vibration width is directly dependent on the amplitude of the signal introduced into the shaft.
- the shaft itself is used to transmit the vibration signal to its working tip. In the position inserted into the root canal, the vibrating working end then abuts against the walls of the tooth surrounding the root canal, so that the vibration range actually achieved by the working end deviates from the maximum possible maximum vibration range specified by the amplitude of the vibration signal introduced.
- the respective vibration of the working end is dampened by hitting the root canal walls.
- the degree of this damping is again direct proportional to the respective width of the root canal at the length position at which the working end is located. (Here, the respective position of the working end in relation to the longitudinal extension of the root canal is referred to as the length position.)
- Another possibility of the practical use of the invention is to provide a transmitter at the working end of the shaft which transmits the vibration signals required for the detection of the width of the root canal in the form of sound waves.
- the end of work can itself form the signal transmitter, or there can be a separate element which is carried by the end of work.
- the working end can be inserted into the root canal in the manner of a probe. In the embodiment described here, however, the width of the root canal is then determined contactlessly in the sense of a distance measurement known per se by means of sound waves.
- the signals emitted by the transmitter are reflected by the walls of the root canal and collected by a suitable signal receiver, which can be carried by the working end of the shaft, for example. From the difference between the transmitted and the received signal, the evaluation device then determines the width of the channel at the position at which the working end of the shaft is located.
- the accuracy of the measurement result determined by using or applying the invention can be optimized by emitting a sound or ultrasound signal as the vibration signal.
- the signal generator can be set up in such a way that, in addition to the vibration signal, it has a current signal in the shaft passes.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises a current detector for detecting a current flowing as a result of the introduction of the current signal into the shank in the region of the tooth to be measured.
- the current signal detected in this or other suitable manner can then be used, for example, in the manner known per se from the prior art already described at the outset, to determine the length of the root canal and, accordingly, the position of the apex End of work in the root canal is determined, for example, by measuring the respective electrical resistance between the signal transmitter and the signal receiver based on the current emanating from the signal transmitter as the transmitter electrode and the signal receiver received as the receiver electrode of the person to be treated, known mucous membrane electrode.
- An alternating current signal is preferably used as the current signal for the length measurement.
- the length determination can then be carried out via a measurement of the Im distance between signal transmitter and signal receiver can be determined.
- the working end can in particular be rounded.
- the thickness of the working end should not exceed 1,500 ⁇ m. Especially the requirements that arise in practice Workers whose diameter is limited to up to 500 ⁇ m are sufficient. In the vast majority of cases, good work results can be achieved with working ends whose working tips have diameters in the range from 100 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the shaft can have a taper of 4% or less.
- a taper of 4% here means that the diameter increases by 4%, ie 0.04 mm, in thickness in the direction of the coupling part per millimeter length of the shaft.
- the shaft has a parallel wall.
- An inverted conical configuration of the shaft is also conceivable according to the invention in order to meet the local requirements for the mobility of the shaft and its working end in the root canal.
- the shaft can be up to 10 cm, in particular 2 to 5 cm long.
- the length of the shaft is preferably 4 to 5 cm. This ensures that the shaft is long enough in any case to enable the geometry of a root canal to be measured over its entire length. Teeth are usually 2 cm from the crown to the end of the tooth, in extreme cases up to 4 cm long.
- the width profile determined according to the invention can be reproduced in analog or digital form.
- At least the parts to be inserted into the root canal can consist of metal, a stable plastic, carbon fiber or ceramic.
- it can be made of an elastic material, the inherent rigidity of which is at the same time sufficient for a correct insertion of the working end into the root canal.
- a certain elasticity of the shaft also makes it possible to insert the working end with the transmitter into non-rectilinear root canals.
- the root canal is to be measured over its entire length, this can be done by lowering the position of the working end starting from an upper starting position assigned to the chewing surface of the tooth to an end position assigned to the end of the root canal and in each case coupling in the vibration signal and the response signal are detected.
- a reverse procedure that is, from bottom to top, is of course also conceivable.
- a exact image of the sewer obtained, from which critical overhangs and constrictions in the sewer area can be read, for example with regard to filling and cleaning.
- the lowering of the end of work can be done step by step or in a continuous process.
- the step-by-step detection makes it possible to minimize the data volume to be processed by the evaluation device, an accurate image of the channel being able to be obtained from this minimized data volume, for example by suitable interpolations.
- continuous recording has the advantage that a direct, largely unadulterated picture of the root canal is obtained.
- 1 shows a first device for detecting the geometry of the root canal of a tooth
- Fig. 2 shows a second device for detecting the geometry of the root canal of a tooth.
- the device VI shown in FIG. 1 is used to determine the width w of the root canals Wk of a tooth Z of a person, shown here in section and surrounded by gums Zf and bone Kn, which has two tooth roots Zwl, Zw2, each with a root canal Wk.
- the respective one tapers Root canal Wk to apex A of the respective tooth root Zwl, Zw2.
- the root canals Wk usually have their smallest width w.
- the device VI has a needle-shaped shaft 1, at one end of which a rounded working end 2 is formed.
- a handling section 3 is formed on the shaft 1, which is oriented bent relative to the longitudinal axis L of the shaft 1 and merges into a coupling part 3a to which a signal generator 4 is coupled.
- the signal generator 4 guides vibration signals S in the form of ultrasound signals into the shaft 1 via the handling section 3, by means of which its working end 2 is excited to oscillate about the longitudinal axis L of the shaft 1.
- the area swept by the vibrations Se of the working end 2 at the respective length position related to the longitudinal extent of the root canal Zwl is indicated in FIG. 1 by dotted lines.
- the signal generator 4 supplies the same vibration signals to a microprocessor-based evaluation device 5.
- a signal receiver 6 is additionally connected to the evaluation device 5, which detects the vibrations Se actually carried out by the end of work 2 and delivers them to the evaluation device 5 as a response signal.
- a current signal A in the form of an alternating current is introduced into the shaft 1 by the signal generator 4 via the coupling part 3a and the handling section 3.
- the current signal A reaches the tooth Z and the area surrounding it, which is formed by the gums Zf, the bone Kn and the adjacent mucous membrane H.
- the device VI comprises a current detector 7, which corresponds in terms of its shape and function to a mucous membrane electrode known per se and into the mucous membrane H. is attached to the patient's cheek.
- the alternating current Ae flows between the working end 2 of the shaft 1 and the signal detector 7, the size of which depends on the length position of the working end 2 in the respective root canal Wk of the tooth roots Zwl or Zw2.
- the current signals Ae continuously recorded by the signal detector 7 are also continuously transmitted to the evaluation device 5.
- the shaft 1 is inserted with its working end 2 into the root canal Wk. Stimulated by the vibration signal S, the working end 2 carries out vibrations Se. As long as the working end 2 is not yet in the root canal Wk, i.e. it can vibrate freely, the deflection of the vibrations carried out by the working end 2 corresponds directly to the amplitude of the oscillation signal S coupled into the shaft 1. However, as soon as the working end 2 is below the occlusal surface K of the tooth Z is positioned at the top of the root canal Wk, the working end 2 strikes the root canal Wk wall there.
- the width of the vibration Se actually carried out there by the working end 2 is accordingly smaller than the vibration width with free vibration of the working end 2.
- the wall of the tooth Z thus dampens the vibration Se at the location of the respective measurement.
- the evaluation device 5 determines the width w of the root canal Wk at the respective measuring location from the deviation of the actual vibration Se of the working end 2 from the coupled vibration S caused in this way.
- the length position of the respective measuring location is determined simultaneously using an impedance measurement between the end of work 2 and the current detector 7.
- the accuracy of the determination of the longitudinal position can be increased by measuring the gradient of the impedance.
- the measurement result can also be further optimized by emitting two alternating currents of different frequencies as current signal A and the current detector 7 correspondingly detecting two alternating currents of different frequencies.
- the evaluation device 5 determines the length position of the working end 2 from the two impedances measured for the two different AC frequencies by forming a quotient or difference.
- the detection of its width w is continued continuously or step by step until the root canal Wk is recorded over its entire length. Due to its fine, tapering design, the working end 2 can be pushed as far as the apex A of the tooth root Zw in question, so that the minimum width w of the root canal Wk in the area of the apex A and the absolute length of the root canal Wk can be determined.
- a pair of measured values is then formed, which represents the respective length position of the working end 2 in the respective root canal Wk and the associated width w .
- the entirety of the measured value pairs is then displayed as a width profile of the respective root canal Wk on a monitor 8 connected to the evaluation device 5.
- printing can be done on a printer, not shown.
- the device V2 shown in FIG. 2 like the device VI, has a rod-shaped shaft 101 with a needle-shaped working end 102 and a handling section 103 formed on its other end, which merges into a coupling part 103a.
- the shaft 101 carries at its working end an ultrasonic transmitter 102a which is combined with an ultrasonic receiver 102b which is also attached to the working end 102.
- a signal generator 104 is in turn coupled to the coupling part 103a, which couples an ultrasonic vibration signal Su into the shaft 101.
- the coupling takes place electrically via suitable contacts in such a way that the signal Su via electrical lines, not shown, are supplied to the transmitter 102a.
- the signal generator 104 supplies the same signals Su to an evaluation device 105, to the other input of which the signal receiver 102b is connected.
- the signal receiver 102b thus delivers the response signals Sue which it has detected to the evaluation device 105.
- the shaft 101 is inserted with its working end 102 into the respective root canal Wk.
- a first measurement of the width w is carried out at this longitudinal position.
- the signal receiver 102b receives the response signals Sue transmitted by the signal transmitter 102a and reflected by the walls surrounding the root canal and transmits them to the evaluation device 105.
- the evaluation device 105 determines the respective width w at the measurement location from the comparison of the transmitted signals Su and the received response signal Sue ,
- the respective longitudinal position is determined in the same way as already described for the device VI.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112004001410T DE112004001410D2 (de) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-12 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer geometrischen Größe des Wurzelkanals eines Zahns eines Lebewesens |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20312435.9 | 2003-08-12 | ||
| DE20312435U DE20312435U1 (de) | 2003-08-12 | 2003-08-12 | Apex-Sonde |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005013848A1 true WO2005013848A1 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
Family
ID=30469966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2004/009044 Ceased WO2005013848A1 (de) | 2003-08-12 | 2004-08-12 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bestimmen einer geometrischen grösse des wurzelkanals eines zahns eines lebewesens |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (2) | DE20312435U1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005013848A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITFI20040091A1 (it) * | 2004-04-16 | 2004-07-16 | Michele Cammisa | Dispositivo endodontico per la rilevazione della morfologia canalare |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3211669A1 (de) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-06 | Eenboom Algund Dr Med Dent | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abstandsmessung in der dentalheilkunde |
| US5115813A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1992-05-26 | Hollming Oy | Ultrasound method and apparatus for examining dense tissues, in particularly dental tissue |
| US6024565A (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2000-02-15 | Sicurelli; Robert | Endodontic measuring system |
| US6050821A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2000-04-18 | Asch-Klaassen Sonics, Inc. | Ultrasonic method and apparatus for creating dental impressions |
| US6331112B1 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2001-12-18 | Charles Q. Lee | Endodontic probe system |
-
2003
- 2003-08-12 DE DE20312435U patent/DE20312435U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-12 DE DE112004001410T patent/DE112004001410D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-12 WO PCT/EP2004/009044 patent/WO2005013848A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3211669A1 (de) * | 1982-03-30 | 1983-10-06 | Eenboom Algund Dr Med Dent | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur abstandsmessung in der dentalheilkunde |
| US5115813A (en) * | 1987-10-14 | 1992-05-26 | Hollming Oy | Ultrasound method and apparatus for examining dense tissues, in particularly dental tissue |
| US6050821A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2000-04-18 | Asch-Klaassen Sonics, Inc. | Ultrasonic method and apparatus for creating dental impressions |
| US6024565A (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2000-02-15 | Sicurelli; Robert | Endodontic measuring system |
| US6331112B1 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2001-12-18 | Charles Q. Lee | Endodontic probe system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112004001410D2 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
| DE20312435U1 (de) | 2004-01-15 |
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